?考點(diǎn)25 語(yǔ)法填空綜合技巧（解析版）
【命題趨勢(shì)】
語(yǔ)法填空考察的是語(yǔ)法綜合知識(shí)。涉及到實(shí)詞和虛詞的運(yùn)用。其中動(dòng)詞和連詞是重點(diǎn)也是難點(diǎn)。在平時(shí)的復(fù)習(xí)過程中要多加練習(xí)才行。歷年來高考完形填空的規(guī)律如下：純空格--------冠詞，代詞，連詞，介詞（1個(gè)單詞）；有提示--------動(dòng)詞，名詞，形容詞，副詞（≤3個(gè)單詞）

【重要考向】
一、純空格解法；
二、有提示詞解法；
三、常用的詞性轉(zhuǎn)換

考向一
純空格解法
【填介詞】
1. In short, I believe that it is __________ great use to keep a dairy in English…
2. After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to university to get a degree __________ engineering or architecture.
3. It represents the positive effect that an act of generosity can have __________ the world.
4. I got a place next __________ the window, so I had a good view of the sidewalk. [2014全國(guó)卷]
【參考答案】
1.of 2.in 3.on 4.to

【技巧點(diǎn)撥】
句子不缺主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞后不缺賓語(yǔ)的情況下，名詞或代詞前面，很有可能是填介詞。
另外，?？冀樵~的一些固定搭配，如：
in trouble 處于麻煩之中
consider/treat … as把…看作
at dawn 在黎明時(shí)
apply… to應(yīng)用于
respond to回應(yīng)
be eager/dying/anxious for 渴望…
be amazed/astonished/shocked at 對(duì)… 感到吃驚
prepare for 為…做準(zhǔn)備
provide sth. for sb. 給某人提供某物
be popular with受歡迎

【填冠詞】
1. The adobe dwellings (土坯房) built by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even __________ most modern architects and engineers. [2015卷II]
2. …the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to __________ small town some 20 kilometers away.
3. Experts think that __________ recently discovered painting may be __________ Picasso. [2011浙江]
4. I had to go without breakfast this morning as I was in __________ hurry.
【參考答案】
1.The 2.a 3.the a 4.a

【技巧點(diǎn)撥】
當(dāng)純空格在沒有限定詞的名詞前，特別是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前，通常填冠詞。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境及定冠詞和不定冠詞的基本用法選用恰當(dāng)?shù)墓谠~。（注限定詞主要指冠詞，形容詞性物主代詞以及some any another 等不定代詞），此外也有可能要求填寫some other any another 等不定代詞。

【填連詞】
1. I thought you’d be late for the concert, __________ ended up getting there ahead of time.
2. The fact __________ she had not said anything surprised all of us.
3. At that moment an attractive young lady __________ noticed my book came up to me
4. But he had no time for his dream __________ his work kept him too busy.
5. Another reason for corn's rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice to improve water quality. Corn uses less water __________ rice and creates less fertilizer (化肥) runoff.
【參考答案】
1.But 2.that 3.who 4.because 5.than

【技巧點(diǎn)撥】
如果兩個(gè)句子（即兩個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)）之間沒有封號(hào)和句號(hào)，也沒有關(guān)聯(lián)詞鏈接或引導(dǎo)，則填并列連詞或從屬連詞。

考向二
有提示詞解法
【提示詞為動(dòng)詞】
提示詞為動(dòng)詞主要考察謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和派生詞

1. This isn’t as hard as it __________ (sound), and it is far better than any other method because you improve your vocabulary while __________ (read) an interesting piece of literature.
【參考答案】
sounds reading

高考回顧
1. __________ (Travel) along the Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience. [2018北京]
2. Ordinary soap, __________ (use) correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively. [2018北京]
3. People have better health care than they used to, and they __________ (live) longer as a result at present. [2017北京]
4. I __________ (drive) down to London when I suddenly found I was on the wrong road. [2017天津]
5. The publication of Great Expectations, which __________ (be) both widely and highly praise, strenghtened Dicken’s status as a leading novelist. [2017江蘇]
6. This switch has decreased __________ (pollute) in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people. [2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ]
7. This development was only possible with the __________ (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts. [2017 全國(guó)卷Ⅱ]
【參考答案】
1.Traveling 2. used 3.are living 4.was driving 5.was 6.Pollution 7.introduction

課堂鞏固
1. During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together __________ (share) a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes. [2018北京]
2. I need a new passport so I will have to have my photographs __________ (take). [2018天津]
3. Readers also __________ (tend) to share articles that were __________ (excite) or funny. [2016新課標(biāo)Ⅲ卷]?
4. The park was full of people __________ (enjoy) themselves in the sunshine. [2015北京]
【參考答案】
1.To share 2.taken 3.tended exciting 4.enjoying

【提示詞為名詞】
1. That would be a very __________ (reason) thing to do in a big city, but it could destroy a small village like ours
2. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to __________ (strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes.
3. The Central London Railway was one of the most __________ (success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900.
【參考答案】
1.reasonable 2.strengthen 3.successful

【提示詞為代詞】
1. When the time came for me to say goodbye to my friends in my village, I wanted to reward the old woman for the trouble I had caused __________.
2. It has been said before, but experiencing it __________ has made me want to say it again: a smile…
3. She remembered how difficult __________ was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father.
4. and __________ was only after I heard she became sick that I learned she couldn’t eat MSG (味精)!
5. …as __________ took them just three minutes to steal paintings by two world-famous artists…
6. Dating sites also make __________ easy to avoid someone whom you are not interested in.
【參考答案】
1.Her 2.myself 3.it 4.it 5.it 6.it

【技巧點(diǎn)撥】
(1)作主語(yǔ)用主格，作賓語(yǔ)用賓格,注意形容詞詞性和名詞性物主代詞的區(qū)別。
(2)指示代詞,不定代詞、反身代詞等
It 有關(guān)句型
It + is/was +被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分+ that/who 從句
It +be+adj（important，kind, wise, foolish +for/of+sb+to do/ that
It +be+V-ed(said, reported, believed, suggested)+that從句
It +be+(a pity, a shame, a fact, good news)+that 從句
It +vi.(seems/ makes no difference/happens/matter) + that 從句
It is/was the first(second...)time+that sb has/had done
It takes/took sb. +一段時(shí)間+to do sth.
It +be +一段時(shí)間+since/ before…
6123結(jié)構(gòu)：make,feel,find,think,consider,believe+ it +adj./n.+ to do/doing/that 從句
I’d appreciate it if…
Depend/rely on it that…
See to it that
表示感情色彩動(dòng)詞like,hate,dislike,enjoy等+it + that 從句

考向三
常見的詞性轉(zhuǎn)換
【典例】
1. “Thirty-five cents,” she said __________ (rude). [07深圳一模]
2. As far as I am concerned, my __________ (suggest) is that we should always have a notebook and a Chinese-English within easy reach. [08惠二模]
3. This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their __________ (nature) course. [08廣東]
4. __________ (doubt), although there is still room for improvement to this policy, I think it is still a good one which brings more good than harm to the students and the nation. [09汕頭水平考試]
【參考答案】
1.rudely 2.suggestion 3.natural 4.undoubtedly

【詞性轉(zhuǎn)換解題技巧】
解題技巧
當(dāng)空格處所需詞類與括號(hào)中所給詞的詞類不同時(shí),就需要詞類轉(zhuǎn)換。這類題一般可根據(jù)以下5點(diǎn)順利解決：
（1）作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)用_________形式。
（2）在形容詞性物主代詞、冠詞(+形容詞)、不定代詞(some, any, a lot of等)、介詞后還沒有名詞時(shí)，就用_________形式。
（3）作定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)用__________形式。
（4）作狀語(yǔ)，修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞或另一副詞，或放在句首修飾全句，用_______。
（5）當(dāng)所給詞的詞性與空格處所需詞的詞性相同時(shí)，無(wú)需改變?cè)~性，而可能是只改變?cè)~義但不改變?cè)~性的前綴或后綴，也可能用其比較級(jí)或最高級(jí)。


1. 【2021年6月浙江卷】
It doesn't impress like George Washington's plantation on the Potomac, but Lincoln's home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, 56 （prove）irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public. Beautifully restored（修復(fù)）to its 1860 appearance, the house was Abraham and Mary Lincoln's home for 17 years. In 1844 they bought it 57 $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their 58 （marry）ceremony in 1842.
When the house was built, it was much 59 （small）than it is today. Mary's niece wrote, "The little home 60 （paint）white. It was sweet and fresh. Mary loved it. She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of 61 （she）, everything in good taste and in perfect order.
Although Mary loved flowers, 62 she nor her husband was known as a gardener. A long- time neighbor said they never planted trees and only kept a garden for one year. Mary's sister, Frances Todd Wallace, often came over 63 （plant）flowers in the front yard.
64 Lincolns enlarged the house to a full two stories in 1856 to meet the needs of their growing family. Three of the four Lincoln sons were born here. After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and 65 （sell）most of their furniture.
答案與解析：
56. has proved/has proven 考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)后面的since it opened to the public可知，此處要用現(xiàn)在過去時(shí),故填 has proved/has proven。
57.for 考查介詞。根據(jù)后面的$1,200可知，此處表示“花了1200美元錢買了它”。故填for。
58. marriage 考查名詞。根據(jù)句意可知,此處要用名詞marriage作ceremony的定語(yǔ)，表示“結(jié)婚典”。故填 marriage。
59. smaller 考查比較級(jí)。根據(jù)后面的than it is today可知，此處要用比較級(jí)。故填smallcr。
60.was painted 考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。根據(jù)第二段第一句中的When the house was built可知，此處描述的是房子剛建成時(shí)的情況，故要用一般過去時(shí)，且 The little home與動(dòng)詞paint之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。故填was painted。
61 . herself 考查反身代詞。根據(jù)句意可知，此處要用反身代詞 herself。
62.neither 考查連詞。根據(jù)后面的she nor her husband可知，此處為neither...nor...結(jié)構(gòu)。故填neither。
63. to plant 考查動(dòng)詞不定式。此處表示經(jīng)常過來種花。此處為目的狀語(yǔ)，故填 to plant。
64.The 考查定冠詞。根據(jù)后面的Lincolns可知，此處表示“林肯一家人”。故填 the。
65. sold 考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)前面的After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house可知，此處要用一般過去時(shí)。故填sold。
2. 【2021年全國(guó)甲卷】
The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history. It ___41___ (build) originally to protect the city ___42___ the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修復(fù)). It is possible ___43___ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
We accessed the wall through the South Gate. The wall is 12 meters high and from here you can see streams of people moving inside and outside the City Wall.
After ___44___ (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what ___45___ (good) than to ride on a piece of history!
We ___46___ (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old and shaky ___47___ did the job. It took us about 3 hours to go all ___48___ way around the Xi'an City Wall. Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and ___49___ (watchtower) to fake pictures or just to watch the local people going about their ____50____ (day) routines.
【答案】41. was built
42. in 43. to walk
44. spending
45. better 46. hired
47. but 48. the
49. watchtowers
50. daily
【解析】
【分析】這是一篇記敘文。文章介紹了作者游覽西安長(zhǎng)城的活動(dòng)。
【41題詳解】
考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：它最初是為了保護(hù)唐代的城市而建造的，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)完全修復(fù)了。分析句子可知，空格處為謂語(yǔ)，動(dòng)詞build和主語(yǔ)之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)（be done），根據(jù)句意和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)the Tang dynasty可知，用一般過去時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過去式，主語(yǔ)it為第三人稱單數(shù)，主謂一致，故填was built。
【42題詳解】
考查介詞。句意：它最初是為了保護(hù)唐代的城市而建造的，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)完全修復(fù)了。根據(jù)句意可知，表示“在某個(gè)朝代”應(yīng)用介詞in。故填in。
【43題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞不定式。句意：在觀察了城墻上所有的防御設(shè)備后，我們決定是時(shí)候采取行動(dòng)了，還有什么比騎在歷史上更好的呢。分析句子可知，此處為句型“it +be+adj+to do sth.”，it為形式主語(yǔ)，動(dòng)詞walk的不定式短語(yǔ)作真正主語(yǔ)。故填to walk。
【44題詳解】
考查動(dòng)名詞。句意：在花了一些時(shí)間查看了城墻上所有的防御設(shè)備之后，我們決定是時(shí)候采取一些行動(dòng)了，還有什么比騎在歷史上更好的呢。分析句子可知，此處After為介詞，故spend應(yīng)用其動(dòng)名詞形式作介詞賓語(yǔ)。故填spending。
【45題詳解】
考查形容詞比較級(jí)。句意：在花了一些時(shí)間查看了城墻上所有的防御設(shè)備之后，我們決定是時(shí)候采取一些行動(dòng)了，還有什么比騎在歷史上更好的呢。根據(jù)后文比較連（介）詞than可知，此處應(yīng)用形容詞good的比較級(jí)。故填better。
【46題詳解】
考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：我們從南門的租賃處租了自行車。分析句子可知，此處為謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，根據(jù)上下文可知，此處描述過去發(fā)生的事情，用一般過去時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過去式。故填hired。
【47題詳解】
考查連詞。句意：我的自行車又舊又搖搖晃晃，但還可以騎。后文did the job和前文My bike was old and shaky之間存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故用表示轉(zhuǎn)折的連詞but連接。故填but。
48題詳解】
考查冠詞。句意：我們繞著西安城墻走了大約3個(gè)小時(shí)。結(jié)合句意表示“一直；完全地”可知短語(yǔ)為all the way，故用定冠詞the限定名詞way。故填the。
【49題詳解】
考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。句意：據(jù)說你可以在兩個(gè)小時(shí)內(nèi)完成，但我們?cè)诓煌拇箝T和了望臺(tái)停下來拍照，或者只是看當(dāng)?shù)厝诉M(jìn)行他們的日常生活。根據(jù)句意以及前文形容詞different可知，此處可數(shù)名詞watchtower是復(fù)數(shù)概念，應(yīng)用其復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填watchtowers。
【50題詳解】
考查形容詞。句意：據(jù)說你可以在兩個(gè)小時(shí)內(nèi)完成，但我們?cè)诓煌拇箝T和了望臺(tái)停下來拍照，或者只是看當(dāng)?shù)厝诉M(jìn)行他們的日常生活。修飾后文名詞routines應(yīng)用day的形容詞daily，作定語(yǔ)，修飾名詞。故填daily。

3. 【2021年全國(guó)乙卷】
Ecotourism is commonly regarded as low impact(影響)travel to undisturbed places. It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become ___61___ (educate)about the areas - both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the ___62___(develop)of the local areas.
Ecotourism has ___63___(it)origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s. It was not widely accepted as a travel concept ___64___ the late 1980s. During that time, increasing environmental awareness made it desirable.
Due to ___65___ growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types ___66___ trips are now being classified as ecotourism. Actually, a true eco-friendly trip must meet the following principles:
·Minimize the impact of ___67___(visit)the place.
·Build respect for and awareness of the environment and cultural practices.
·Provide ___68___(finance)aid and other benefits for local peoples.
·Make sure that the tourism provides experiences for both the visitors and the hosts.
Komodo National Park, officially recognized in 1980, is popular for ecotourism because of its unique biodiversity.___69___(activity)there range from whale watching to hiking(遠(yuǎn)足)and accommodations aim ____70____(have) a low impact on the natural environment.
【答案】61. educated
62. development
63. its 64. until
65. the 66. of
67. visiting
68. financial
69. activities
70. to have
【解析】
【分析】這是一篇說明文。主要講述生態(tài)旅游通常被認(rèn)為是到原始地區(qū)的低影響旅游。但是由于與環(huán)境相關(guān)的探險(xiǎn)旅行越來越受歡迎，各種各樣的旅行現(xiàn)在被歸類為生態(tài)旅游。實(shí)際上，生態(tài)旅游必須滿足一些規(guī)定。
【61題詳解】
考查形容詞。句意：這不同于傳統(tǒng)的旅游，因?yàn)樗茏屄眯姓吡私膺@個(gè)地區(qū)——無(wú)論是地理環(huán)境還是文化特色，并且經(jīng)常為環(huán)境保護(hù)提供資金，并有利于當(dāng)?shù)氐陌l(fā)展。分析句子成分可知，此處查固定搭配become educated about表示“對(duì)……有所了解”。故填educated。
【62題詳解】
考查名詞。句意：這不同于傳統(tǒng)的旅游，因?yàn)樗茏屄眯姓吡私膺@個(gè)地區(qū)——無(wú)論是地理環(huán)境還是文化特色，并且經(jīng)常為環(huán)境保護(hù)提供資金，并有利于當(dāng)?shù)氐陌l(fā)展。根據(jù)空格前的定冠詞the可知，此處填入名詞development來做動(dòng)詞benefits的賓語(yǔ)。故填development。
【63題詳解】
考查代詞。句意：生態(tài)旅游起源于20世紀(jì)70年代的環(huán)境運(yùn)動(dòng)。根據(jù)空格后名詞origin可知，此處形容詞性物主代詞來修飾名詞origin。故填its。
【64題詳解】
考查固定句型。句意：直到20世紀(jì)80年代晚期才作為旅游觀念被廣泛接受。根據(jù)句意可知，此處表示“直到20世紀(jì)80年代晚期才作為旅游觀念被廣泛接受”，表示“直到……才……”使用固定句型“not……until……”。故填until。
【65題詳解】
考查冠詞。句意：由于與環(huán)境相關(guān)的探險(xiǎn)旅行越來越受歡迎，各種各樣的旅行現(xiàn)在被歸類為生態(tài)旅游。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處應(yīng)填冠詞。再結(jié)合空格后“growing popularity of environmental-related and adventure travel”可知，此處特指與環(huán)境相關(guān)的探險(xiǎn)旅行越來越受歡迎，所以應(yīng)填定冠詞the。故填the。
【66題詳解】
考查介詞。句意：由于與環(huán)境相關(guān)的探險(xiǎn)旅行越來越受歡迎，各種各樣的旅行現(xiàn)在被歸類為生態(tài)旅游。various types of 為固定搭配表示“各種各樣的”，所以空格處應(yīng)填of。故填of。
【67題詳解】
考查動(dòng)名詞。句意：最大限度地減少拜訪這個(gè)地方的影響。根據(jù)空格前介詞of可知，空格處應(yīng)填動(dòng)名詞形式來作介詞of的賓語(yǔ)。故填visiting。
【68題詳解】
考查形容詞。句意：為當(dāng)?shù)厝嗣裉峁┴?cái)政援助和其他福利。根據(jù)空后名詞aid可知，空格處應(yīng)填形容詞來修飾名詞aid，finance的形容詞形式為financial。故填financial。
【69題詳解】
考查名詞。句意：那里的活動(dòng)從觀鯨到徒步旅行并且住宿宗旨是對(duì)自然環(huán)境影響達(dá)到很小。根據(jù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞range可知，空格處應(yīng)填用可數(shù)名詞activity的復(fù)數(shù)形式作主語(yǔ)。故填activities。
【70題詳解】
考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：那里的活動(dòng)從觀鯨到徒步旅行并且住宿宗旨是對(duì)自然環(huán)境影響達(dá)到很小。固定短語(yǔ)aim to do譯為“旨在，目的是”。故填to have。

4. 【2021年新高考全國(guó)卷Ⅰ】
Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles’ song“The Long and Winding Road”. ____56____is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we ____57____ (human) are.
The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb. It will ____58____(undoubted) help you get refreshed! The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the ____59____ (hot) the spring! Strange, isn’t it? But that’s how nature is — always leaving us ____60____(astonish).
What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how hard it ____61____ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure ____62____offers a place where you can sit down to rest your ____63____ (ache) legs.
As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”, and it will always stick in the visitor’s memory. It sure does in ____64____(I).While you’re in China, Mount Huangshan is ____65____ must to visit!
【答案】56. What
57. humans 58. undoubtedly
59. hotter 60. astonished
61. was 62. and
63. aching 64. mine
65. a
【解析】
【分析】本文屬于說明文。文章介紹黃山的三種代表性的事物——云海，溫泉以及臺(tái)階。
【56題詳解】
考查主語(yǔ)從句。句意：這次經(jīng)歷的驚人之處在于這世界之外的景色。此處是主語(yǔ)從句，從句缺乏主語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用what引導(dǎo)，指代“經(jīng)歷的事情”。故填What。
【57題詳解】
考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。句意：當(dāng)你站在黃山山頂看見波濤洶涌般的云海，你會(huì)想到我們?nèi)祟愂嵌嗝吹拿煨?。human是we的同位語(yǔ)，we為復(fù)數(shù)，應(yīng)用human的復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填humans。
【58題詳解】
考查副詞。句意：它無(wú)疑會(huì)幫助你恢復(fù)精神！修飾動(dòng)詞help，應(yīng)用副詞undoubtedly“毫無(wú)疑問地”。故填undoubtedly。
【59題詳解】
考查形容詞比較級(jí)。句意：關(guān)于黃山溫泉讓人驚訝的是，氣溫越低，溫泉越暖和。此處是固定結(jié)構(gòu)“the +比較級(jí)，the+比較級(jí)”，意為“越……，越……”。故填hotter。
【60題詳解】
考查形容詞。句意：但大自然就是這樣——總是讓我們驚訝。此處是“l(fā)eave +賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”，補(bǔ)充說明賓語(yǔ)us的感受，應(yīng)用-ed結(jié)尾形容詞。故填astonished。
【61題詳解】
考查一般過去時(shí)。句意：你不禁會(huì)想，對(duì)當(dāng)時(shí)的人們來說，把這些石頭都安置好有多難。分析句子可知，“how hard it 61 (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place”作wonder的賓語(yǔ)，it是從句的形式主語(yǔ)，不定式為真正主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，安置臺(tái)階的石頭為陳述過去的事情，應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)。故填was。
【62題詳解】
考查連詞。句意：雖然在上山的路上，這是唯一不自然的事情，但它仍然突出了整個(gè)冒險(xiǎn)，并且提供了一個(gè)你可以坐下來休息你疼痛的雙腿的地方。分析句子可知，“highlights the whole adventure”與“offers a place”部分為并列關(guān)系，都是作it的謂語(yǔ)，故用并列連詞and。
【63題詳解】
考查形容詞。句意：雖然在上山的路上，這是唯一不自然的事情，但它仍然突出了整個(gè)冒險(xiǎn)，并且提供了一個(gè)你可以坐下來休息你疼痛的雙腿的地方。分析句子及語(yǔ)境可知，此處應(yīng)用形容詞aching“疼痛的”修飾名詞legs，意為“疼痛的雙腿”。故填aching。
【64題詳解】
考查代詞。句意：正如歌中所唱，這條漫長(zhǎng)而曲折的道路“永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)消失”，它將永遠(yuǎn)留在游客的記憶中。對(duì)我來說確實(shí)如此。根據(jù)前一句“it will always stick in the visitor's memory”可知，本句為does指代前一句的stick，本句缺乏賓語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用名詞性物主代詞mine指代my memory。故填mine。
【65題詳解】
考查冠詞。句意：當(dāng)你在中國(guó)的時(shí)候，黃山是一個(gè)你一定要去的地方。must作名詞時(shí)，意為“絕對(duì)必要的事物”，為可數(shù)名詞，此處泛指“一個(gè)必須去的地方”，應(yīng)用不定冠詞，must是以輔音音素開頭的詞，應(yīng)用a。故填a。

5. 【2021年1月浙江卷】
In a study of 33 years of trends in Body Mass Index (體重指數(shù)) across 200 countries, the scientists found that people worldwide are getting heavier 56 that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas.
BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool 57 gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight. It is calculated by dividing a 58 (person) weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 59 (consider) healthy.
The study found that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased 60 2.1 in women and men. In cities, however, the gain 61 (be) 1.3 in women and 1.6 in men. The researchers described “striking changes” in the geography of BMI. In 1985, urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries 62 (study) had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas. But 30 years later, the BMI difference between urban and rural people in many countries had narrowed 63 (sharp) .
This may be due to some disadvantages for people 64 (live) in the countryside, including 65 (low) levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.
答案與解析
56. and 考查并列連詞。此空前后連接兩個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，且根據(jù)句意可知，前后兩個(gè)從句是并列關(guān)系，故填并列連詞and。
57. that / which 考查定語(yǔ)從句/關(guān)系代詞。根據(jù)句意和句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處缺少引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句并在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞，而先行詞tool為物，故此處填關(guān)系代詞that或which。
58. person’s 考查名詞所有格。此空后接名詞，且根據(jù)句意“它的計(jì)算方法是用一個(gè)人的體重公斤數(shù)除以身高米數(shù)的平方……”，故此處填person的所有格形式。
59. is considered 考查謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。此空應(yīng)填入consider的謂語(yǔ)形式，根據(jù)前半句的It is可判斷時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，且根據(jù)句意“19到25之間的BMI（體重指數(shù)）被認(rèn)為是健康值”，可知BMI與consider為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故語(yǔ)態(tài)為被動(dòng)。
60. by 考查介詞。這里是說在1985年至2017年間，農(nóng)村女性和男性的平均BMI值“增加了”2.1，故此處填介詞by。
61. was 考查謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。此處是在講1985年至2017年間城市中人們BMI值增加情況，是描述過去發(fā)生的事情，且上一句描述當(dāng)時(shí)農(nóng)村情況時(shí)用一般過去時(shí)，故此處也應(yīng)為一般過去時(shí)，故填be的一般過去式was。
62. studied 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)句意可知，該句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為had，故此空考查study的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式，此處作countries的后置定語(yǔ)；而countries與study之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且“研究”是已經(jīng)完成了的動(dòng)作，故填studied。
63. sharply 考查副詞。此處修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞had narrowed，故用副詞sharply。
64. living 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。此空考查live的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式，此處作people的后置定語(yǔ)；而people與live之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故填living。
65. lower 考查形容詞比較級(jí)。此處and連接三個(gè)并列的形容詞加名詞結(jié)構(gòu)，形式應(yīng)保持一致；由higher與fewer可知此處應(yīng)填low的比較級(jí)lower。



1.【四川省南充市2019-2020學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期統(tǒng)考】
閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
One morning, I??　　61　　?(wait) at the bus stop，　　62　　?(worry) about being late for school. There were many people waiting at the bus stop,?　　63　　?some of them looked very anxious and disappointed. When the bus finally came, we all hurried on board. I got a place next?　　64　　the window, so I had?　　65　　good view of the sidewalk. A boy on a bike caught my?　　66　　?(attend)--he was riding beside the bus and waving his arms. I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused to stop?　　67　　we reached the next stop. Still, the boy kept riding. He was carrying something over his shoulder and shouting. Finally, when we came to the next stop, the boy ran up to the door of the bus. I heard an excited conversation. Then the driver stood up and asked, "　　68　　anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop? "A woman on the bus shouted, "Oh, dear! It’s　　69　　?(I)". She pushed her way to the driver and took the suitcase?　　70　　?( grate). Everyone on the bus began talking about what the boy had done, and the crowd of strangers suddenly became friendly to one another.
【答案】61.was waiting62.worried63.and64.to65.a66.attention67.till/ until68.Did69.me/ mine70.gratefully
【解析】這是一篇記敘文。本文主要記敘了在一個(gè)早上作者擠公交車遇到好心男孩堅(jiān)持騎著自行車一直追著公交車，并歸還了一位女士的手提包的故事。
61.考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：一天早上，我正在公交站等公交，擔(dān)心上學(xué)遲到。表示過去正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，主語(yǔ)是I，故填was waiting。
62.考查過去分詞。句意：擔(dān)心上學(xué)遲到。此處是過去分詞作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，表示此時(shí)主語(yǔ)擔(dān)憂的狀態(tài)，故用worried。
63.考查連詞。句意：有許多人正在公交站等車，而且他們中的一些人看起來非常焦慮和失望。根據(jù)內(nèi)容可知前后是并列關(guān)系。故填and。
64.考查固定搭配。句意：我得到一個(gè)靠窗的位置。next to是固定短語(yǔ)，意思是“靠近，臨近”。故填to。
65.考查冠詞。句意：我得到一個(gè)靠窗的位置，因此我的視野能很好看到人行道。good view “好的視野”，view是名詞，故用冠詞a。
66.考查名詞。句意：一個(gè)騎自行車的男孩引起我的注意。短語(yǔ)catch one’s attention意為“引起某人注意”，在形容詞性物主代詞后面，故用名詞attention。
67.考查連詞。句意：我聽到后面的乘客在沖司機(jī)喊叫，但是他拒絕停下來直到下一個(gè)站。根據(jù)后半句可知司機(jī)拒絕停下來，refuse to do sth.是習(xí)慣搭配，意思是“拒絕做某事”，可知此處是表示“直到”的意思，故用連詞until。
68.考查助動(dòng)詞。句意：在上一個(gè)站有人丟失了一個(gè)手提箱嗎？此處是詢問過去發(fā)生的事情，應(yīng)該用一般過去時(shí)，所以助動(dòng)詞用Did。注意：該單詞位于句首，首字母要大寫。故填Did。
69.考查代詞。句意：哦，天哪！是我的。根據(jù)前文It is可知，此處用人稱代詞賓格或者名詞性物主代詞作表語(yǔ)，強(qiáng)調(diào)“是我的包，或者是我丟了包”，故填mine/me。
70.考查副詞。句意：她向司機(jī)擠了過去，感激地拿起了手提包。通常副詞修飾動(dòng)詞，此處是用副詞修飾“took”這個(gè)動(dòng)作，故填gratefully。

2.【2021屆江蘇省徐州市第一中學(xué)新高考全國(guó)卷第一次適應(yīng)性考試】
閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
Chinese Olympic champion Sun Yang was 56．(initial) cleared of wrongdoing by FINA, the swimming federation(聯(lián)盟), in January 2019. Following an appeal by the World Anti-Doping Agency(WADA) to the Court of Arbitration for Sport(CAS), the decision has 57．(turn) over. An eight-year ban was given on Sun because this was his second 58．(offend). Sun told China’s Xinhua news agency that he planned to appeal 59． the decision. He said, “This is 60．(fair). I firmly believe in my innocence.” CAS said its decision can be challenged before the Swiss Federal Tribunal within 30 61．(day). Sun told an appeal hearing in November that he missed a test because testers failed 62．(prove) their identity when they arrived at this home. He also denied that a vial(小瓶) 63．(contain) his blood samples was smashed(砸碎) by him with 64．hammer. The three-time Olympic gold medallist is set to appeal his ban until February 2028, 65．if upheld, effectively ends his swimming career.
【答案】56．initially57．been turned58．offence59．a(chǎn)gainst60．unfair61．days62．to prove63．containing64．a(chǎn)65．which
【解析】這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。中國(guó)奧運(yùn)冠軍孫楊最初于2019年1月被國(guó)際泳聯(lián)洗清罪名。在世界反興奮劑機(jī)構(gòu)向體育仲裁法庭提出上訴后，該決定已經(jīng)被提交。孫因第二次違法被禁賽8年。孫對(duì)新華社說，他計(jì)劃對(duì)這一決定提起上訴。如果維持原判，他的游泳生涯實(shí)際上將結(jié)束。
56．考查副詞。修飾動(dòng)詞clear應(yīng)用副詞initially，做狀語(yǔ)，表示“最初”。故填initially。
57．考查動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài)。本句中主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，根據(jù)上文the decision has可知為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。故填been turned。
58．考查名詞。根據(jù)上文his為形容詞性物主代詞修飾名詞，可知應(yīng)填名詞offence，表示“犯罪”。故填offence。
59．考查介詞。句意：孫對(duì)新華社說，他計(jì)劃對(duì)這一決定提起上訴。結(jié)合句意表示“提起上訴”短語(yǔ)為appeal against。故填against。
60．考查形容詞。句意：他說：“這是不公平的。我堅(jiān)信我是無(wú)辜的?！备鶕?jù)上文is可知應(yīng)填形容詞作表語(yǔ)，且結(jié)合語(yǔ)境表示“不公平的”應(yīng)用unfair。故填unfair。
61．考查名詞的數(shù)。day為可數(shù)名詞，由30修飾應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。故填days。
62．考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：孫在去年11月的一次上訴聽證會(huì)上說，他錯(cuò)過了一次考試，因?yàn)闇y(cè)試人員在到達(dá)他家時(shí)沒有證明自己的身份。根據(jù)句意表示“未能做某事”短語(yǔ)為fail to do sth.。故填to prove。
63．考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：他還否認(rèn)自己用錘子砸碎了一個(gè)裝有他血液樣本的小瓶。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知contain在句中應(yīng)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式，與邏輯主語(yǔ)vial構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)。故填containing。
64．考查冠詞。句意同上。hammer為可數(shù)名詞，此處表示泛指“一個(gè)錘子”應(yīng)用不定冠詞，且hammer為輔音音素開頭的單詞，應(yīng)用a。故填a。
65．考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：這位三屆奧運(yùn)會(huì)金牌得主將對(duì)禁令提起上訴，上訴到2028年2月，如果維持原判，禁令將結(jié)束他的游泳生涯。此處為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞ban，且先行詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)，指物，故應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞which，that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。故填which。

3.【2021屆四川省成都附屬實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)高三上學(xué)期入學(xué)考試】
閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
The Beijing Daxing International Airport (BDIA) was 41． (formal) opened on Sept. 25, 2019. Located around 46km south of Tiananmen Square, it was designed by famed architect Zaha Hadid. BDIA was listed 42． the first of the “seven wonders of the modern world near completion” by the Guardian in 2015.
The new airport complex, consisting of a main terminal, a supporting service building and a parking lot, 43． (cover) an area of about 1.4 million square meters. The starfish design is extremely space efficient, with 44． journey of just 600 metres from security to the furthest gate. 45． could be the most expected innovation at BDIA is its artificial intelligence. The airport 46． (set) up more than 400 self-service check-in machines already, which can 47． (short) passengers’ waiting time to about 10 minutes. Travelers can be scanned on cameras 48． (use) facial recognition. Counters can be fully automated to capture (抓拍) face photos and relay 49． (they) during each part of the journey through the airport, including security and the departure gate.
The Daxing airport—said to be the world’s largest terminal in a single building—is expected 50． (receive) a large amount of the 170 million passengers by 2025. It will become a new transport hub for the greater Beijing region.
【答案】41．formally42．a(chǎn)s43．covers44．a(chǎn)45．What46．has set47．shorten48．using49．them50．to receive
【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了北京大興國(guó)際機(jī)場(chǎng)的開幕以及里面的科技設(shè)備——面部識(shí)別等信息。
41．考查副詞。根據(jù)后面的動(dòng)詞“opened”可知，此處應(yīng)用副詞修飾動(dòng)詞opened。故填formally。
42．考查介詞。be listed as是固定短語(yǔ)，意為“被列為，被記錄”。故填as。
43．考查動(dòng)詞和主謂一致。分析句子可知，前面有非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞consisting，該句缺少謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，且主語(yǔ)“The new airport complex”是單數(shù)，所以此處應(yīng)用covers。故填covers。
44．考查冠詞。分析句子可知，此處泛指“一次旅行”，且journey的讀音是以輔音音素開頭，所以用不定冠詞a。故填a。
45．考查主語(yǔ)從句。分析句子可知，該句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞is前面的是主語(yǔ)，所以空處引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，且在從句中作主語(yǔ)，所以應(yīng)用what引導(dǎo)。故填What。
46．考查時(shí)態(tài)。already是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的標(biāo)志，表明某件事情已經(jīng)完成，所以此處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。故填has set。
47．考查動(dòng)詞。助動(dòng)詞can后接動(dòng)詞原形，所以此處應(yīng)有動(dòng)詞形式shorten。故填shorten。
48．考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處應(yīng)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，動(dòng)詞use與其邏輯主語(yǔ)travelers之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞。故填using。
49．考查代詞。動(dòng)詞relay后接代詞的賓格形式，所以此處用them。故填them。
50．考查動(dòng)詞不定式。expect to do sth.是固定搭配，意為“期望做某事”。故填to receive。

4.【2021屆湖南省衡陽(yáng)市一中高三第一次月考】
閱讀下面材料,在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1 個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
The World Heath Organization (WHO) has decided that the novel corona virus outbreak is considered as an international public heath emergency, 36． (set) off the global action to prevent the spread of the virus. It is the sixth time that WHO 37．(declare) such an emergency since 2005.
"The declaration is necessary because human-to-human infection has been confirmed in other countries. 38．virus has now been found in several other Asian nations and reached Australia, the United States and Europe as well”WHO Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus said, "We would have 39． (probable) seen many more cases and deaths outside China by now without Chinese government's efforts and the progress they have made 40．( protect) their own people and the people around the world."
"The speed with which China raced to the outbreak and isolated the virus is very 41．(impress) and beyond words, The Chinese government is to be congratulated for the extraordinary measures it has taken to control the outbreak despite the negative economic influence those measures are having 42．the whole Society.In many ways, China is actually setting a new standard for virus outbreak 43．,(respond), and this is not an exaggeration (夸大),”he add WHO will offer member states a series of suggestion 44．a(chǎn)re aimed at controlling the spread of the disease and giving support to 45．(affect) areas.
【答案】36．setting37．has declared38．The39．probably40．to protect41．impressive42．on43．response/respond
44．that/which45．a(chǎn)ffected
【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講了世界衛(wèi)生組織已決定將這次新型冠狀病毒爆發(fā)視為國(guó)際公共衛(wèi)生緊急事件，從而啟動(dòng)全球行動(dòng)，防止該病毒的傳播。在這次公共衛(wèi)生突發(fā)事件中，中國(guó)采取的有力應(yīng)對(duì)措施，得到了世界的廣泛好評(píng)，為世界做出了貢獻(xiàn)和榜樣。
36．考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：世界衛(wèi)生組織已決定將這次新型冠狀病毒爆發(fā)視為國(guó)際公共衛(wèi)生緊急事件，從而啟動(dòng)全球行動(dòng)，防止該病毒的傳播。___1___ (set) off the global action to prevent the spread of the virus.是分詞作狀語(yǔ)，set off與其邏輯主語(yǔ)The World Heath Organization之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞，所以填setting。
37．考查時(shí)態(tài)。It is／was the first／second／third...time that...
該句型意為“這是某人第幾次做某事了”。當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用is時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用was時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過去完成時(shí)，這里是is，所以用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，WHO是第三人稱單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，所以填has declared。
38．考查冠詞。特指“新型冠狀病毒”這種病毒，用定冠詞，句子第一個(gè)單詞首字母大寫，所以填The。
39．考查副詞。該空修飾動(dòng)詞seen，用副詞，所以填probably。
40．考查不定式。這里表示“為了保護(hù)他們自己的人民和世界人民”，用不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)，所以填to protect。
41．考查形容詞。該空作is后的表語(yǔ)，用形容詞，所以填impressive。
42．考查固定短語(yǔ)。have an influence on對(duì)……有影響，該短語(yǔ)是固定短語(yǔ)，所以填on。
43．考查名詞。該空作介詞for的賓語(yǔ)，用名詞，response/respond是抽象名詞，所以填response/respond。
44．考查定語(yǔ)從句。___9___are aimed at controlling the spread of the disease and giving support to ___10___(affect) areas.是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞a series of suggestion，關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)，指物，用關(guān)系代詞that或which引導(dǎo)該從句，所以填that/which。
45．考查過去分詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，該空作定語(yǔ)，修飾名詞areas，“影響”和“地區(qū)”之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用過去分詞作定語(yǔ)，所以填affected。

5.【湖北省黃岡市2021屆高三9月月考】
閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
UK Prime Minister Boris Johnson has started plans for a"cycling and walking revolution".It, if fully 36．(realize),could change the way people move around towns and cities.
The move comes as authorities' attempt 37．(improve)public health by arousing people's interest in traveling by bike and on foot.The plans,which are 38．(special)designed for England,are to be funded by ￡ 2 billion.
Wide-ranging in their scope,they include 39．(aspect)such us:providing cycling training to children and adults 40． they want it,developing a network of protected bike routes,and creating "low-traffic neighborhoods."
Xavier Brice,the CEO of Sustrans,a charity which focused on cycling and walking, 41．（say)the new plans marked"a big step forward"by the government."By 42．(help)more people to leave the car at home for shorter journeys,this package of measures will cut pollution and improve the safety of our streets,"he added.
The coronavirus pandemic has already had a significant effect 43． the way people move about.Public transport use in the UK has fallen greatly while some parts of the country 44．（change) their roads lately to make 45．easier for people to get around by walking or by bike.
【答案】36．realized37．to improve38．specially39．a(chǎn)spects40．if/ when41．said42．helping43．on44．have changed
45．it
【解析】這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。為了改善和提高人們的身體素質(zhì)，英國(guó)首相鮑里斯·約翰遜已經(jīng)開始計(jì)劃一場(chǎng)“騎車和步行革命”。這個(gè)活動(dòng)
36．考查狀語(yǔ)從句的省略。句意：它如果完全地被意識(shí)到，可以改變?nèi)藗兊囊苿?dòng)方式的城鎮(zhèn)和城市。本句為if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句的省略，還原為it is realised， 因主句主語(yǔ)與從句主語(yǔ)相同，且從句動(dòng)詞為be動(dòng)詞，所以主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞被省略。故答案為realized。
37．考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：這一舉措是由于當(dāng)局試圖通過喚起人們對(duì)騎自行車旅行的興趣來改善公共健康。分析句子的結(jié)構(gòu)可知：設(shè)空處在句中作非謂語(yǔ)，attempt to do sth試圖做某事。故答案為to improve。
38．考查副詞。句意：這項(xiàng)專為英格蘭設(shè)計(jì)的計(jì)劃將得到20億英鎊的資助。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知：設(shè)空處后為動(dòng)詞，設(shè)空處應(yīng)用副詞修飾動(dòng)詞。故答案為specially。
39．考查名詞。句意：他們的范圍很廣，如果孩子和成年人想要的話，可以提供騎車訓(xùn)練。分析句子的結(jié)構(gòu)可知，設(shè)空處在句中作賓語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用名詞形式，名詞指的是”such us: providing cycling training to children and adults”以及”developing a network of protected bike routes, and creating "low-traffic neighborhoods."三件事情，名詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故答案為aspects。
40．考查連詞。句意見上題。分析句子的成分可知：設(shè)空處應(yīng)為連詞引導(dǎo)從句；結(jié)合句意，設(shè)空處可表示時(shí)間也可表示條件。故答案為if/ when。
41．考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。句意：專注于騎車和步行的慈善機(jī)構(gòu)Sustrans的首席執(zhí)行官澤維爾?布里斯表示，新計(jì)劃標(biāo)志著政府“向前邁出了一大步。分析句子的結(jié)構(gòu)可知：設(shè)空處在句中作謂語(yǔ)，根據(jù)賓語(yǔ)從句 the new plans marked “a big step forward” by the government.
新計(jì)劃標(biāo)志著政府“向前邁出了一大步”?？芍渥拥臅r(shí)態(tài)為一般過去時(shí)。故答案為said。
42．考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：“通過幫助更多的人在短途旅行時(shí)將汽車留在家里，這一攬子措施將減少污染，提高我們的街道安全，”他補(bǔ)充說。分析句子的結(jié)構(gòu)可知：設(shè)空處在句中作非謂語(yǔ)，設(shè)空處前為介詞，后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。故答案為helping。
43．考查介詞。句意：冠狀病毒大流行已經(jīng)對(duì)人們的出行方式產(chǎn)生了重大影響。固定搭配have an effect on…對(duì)…...有影響。故答案為on。
44．考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：英國(guó)的公共交通使用量大幅下降，而該國(guó)的一些地區(qū)最近改變了道路，使人們步行或騎自行車出行更方便。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知：設(shè)空處在句中作謂語(yǔ)，根據(jù)lately可以判斷時(shí)態(tài)是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。故答案為have changed。
45．考查it作形式賓語(yǔ)。句意見上題。分析句子的結(jié)構(gòu)可知：句子的真正賓語(yǔ)是to get around by walking or by bike.設(shè)空處在句中作it作形式賓語(yǔ)。故答案為it。

6.【廣東省汕頭市金山中學(xué)2021屆高三年級(jí)上學(xué)期聯(lián)考】
閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式.
Sometimes in life, you need to act quickly. Thinking too much about a problem 36．(be)not always beneficial. It can hold us back. But many things in life require careful thought and preparation. "An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure," is 37． great expression for that kind of behavior. This saying comes to us 38． Benjamin Franklin, who was one of the 39．(found) of the United States. The word “ounce” means something really small, just two-one-hundredths of a kilogram 40． (exact). So, when you deal with a problem, spending a small amount of time and effort early on can save you more trouble in the end. For example, if a country announces strong measures for 41． (contain)a virus，we could say, “An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure.” It is better 42． (take) severe precautions（預(yù)防）than to suffer severe consequences later.
Franklin was not talking about disease. 43． rather fire prevention. During a visit to Boston in 1733, Franklin 44． (impress) with the city’s fire prevention methods. He tried to bring some of those practices to the city of Philadelphia, 45．he lived. From then on, this expression can be used in many serious situations.
【答案】36．is37．a(chǎn)38．from39．founders40．Exactly41．containing42．to take43．but44．was impressed45．where
【解析】本文是記敘文，講述了“一盎司的預(yù)防勝過一磅的治療”這句名言的由來和意義。
36．考查動(dòng)詞。句意：對(duì)一個(gè)問題想得太多并不總是有益的。本句主語(yǔ)是Thinking too much about a problem，動(dòng)名詞做主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，此處是描述事實(shí)，需要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故be動(dòng)詞需要用單數(shù)is，故填is。
37．考查冠詞。句意：“一盎司的預(yù)防勝過一磅的治療”是對(duì)這種行為的一個(gè)很好的表達(dá)。expression表示“具體的表達(dá)”時(shí)是可數(shù)名詞，此處是泛指，表示一種表達(dá)，需要用不定冠詞，great 的發(fā)音以元音音素開頭，故填a。
38．考查介詞。句意：這句話是美國(guó)的開國(guó)元?jiǎng)字槐窘苊鳌じ惶m克林說的。come from表示“來自”，是固定搭配，故填from。
39．考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。句意：這句話是美國(guó)的開國(guó)元?jiǎng)字槐窘苊鳌じ惶m克林說的。此處表示“創(chuàng)立者”，one of+名詞復(fù)數(shù)，表示“…之一”，故填founders。
40．考查副詞。句意：“盎司”這個(gè)詞的意思是非常小的東西，僅僅是一千克的百分之二。此處副詞修飾整個(gè)句子，故填exactly。
41．考查動(dòng)名詞。句意：例如，如果一個(gè)國(guó)家宣布了遏制病毒的強(qiáng)硬措施，我們應(yīng)該說“一盎司的預(yù)防勝過一磅的治療”?？涨坝薪樵~for，介詞后面加動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，故填containing。
42．考查不定式。句意：與其以后遭受嚴(yán)重的后果，不如采取嚴(yán)厲的預(yù)防措施。It is+形容詞+to do sth表示“做某事是……樣的”，是固定句式，it作形式主語(yǔ)，不定式是真正的主語(yǔ)，故填to take。
43．考查連詞。句意：富蘭克林說的不是疾病，而是防火。前后是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，not...but rather表示“不是……而是”，故填but。
44．考查時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：在1733年訪問波士頓期間，富蘭克林對(duì)這座城市的防火方法印象深刻。be impressed with對(duì)……印象深刻，本句主語(yǔ)是Franklin，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，根據(jù)in 1733，時(shí)間發(fā)生在過去，故用一般過去時(shí)。故填was impressed。
45．考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：他試圖把這些做法帶到他居住的費(fèi)城。______ he lived是非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是the city of Philadelphia，關(guān)系詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，故填where。

7.【2021屆湖北省武漢市部分學(xué)校高三起點(diǎn)質(zhì)量檢測(cè)】
閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
Like many, Dean once viewed surfing as a lifestyle, not a sport. He came to it several years36．earning his graduate degree and going to work at a clinic. “As I surfed more frequently,” he says, “I started to think about it37．(different)-what do I need to do to catch more waves38．make more turns?”
Dean’s clinical background was the key factor39．led him to begin reconsidering those ideas. When his son started catching waves with friends, he asked40．(many)questions: Why don’t surfers train the way football players do? He41．(assess)the boys’ movements on the water and developed conditioning plans involving unstable surfaces. He reviewed hours of video footage,42．(focus)on how their techniques could be improved.
Dean opened a surf club in 2010.Over the43．(year)he has trained Simpson, a US Open championship44．(win), and other stars. “My whole goal,” Dean says, “45．(be) to get top surfers to do what lots of major sports are already doing.”
【答案】36．a(chǎn)fter37．differently38．a(chǎn)nd39．that/which40．more41．a(chǎn)ssessed42．focusing43．years44．winner45．is
【解析】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講了Dean從喜歡沖浪運(yùn)動(dòng)到開辦沖浪俱樂部的過程。
36．考查介詞。句意：他是在獲得研究生學(xué)位并在一家診所工作幾年之后，開始從事這項(xiàng)工作的。表示“在…… 之后”，用連詞after，所以填after。
37．考查副詞。該空修飾動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)think about，用副詞，所以填differently。
38．考查連詞。句意：我需要做些什么才能抓住更多的海浪，做更多的轉(zhuǎn)彎? catch more waves和make more turns之間是并列關(guān)系，所以填and。
39．考查定語(yǔ)從句。____4____led him to begin reconsidering those ideas.是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞the key factor，關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)，指物，用關(guān)系代詞that或which 引導(dǎo)該從句，所以填that/which。
40．考查形容詞。句意：當(dāng)他的兒子開始和朋友們一起沖浪時(shí)，他問了更多的問題。根據(jù)Why don’t surfers train the way football players do?可知他問了更多的問題。more更多的，所以填more。
41．考查時(shí)態(tài)。整篇文章都在描述發(fā)生在過去的事情，用一般過去時(shí)，所以填assessed。
42．考查現(xiàn)在分詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，____7____(focus)on how their techniques could be improved.是分詞作狀語(yǔ)，focus 與其邏輯主語(yǔ)He之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞，所以填focusing。
43．考查名詞的數(shù)。year是可數(shù)名詞，表示“他一直在訓(xùn)練辛普森的這些年”，是復(fù)數(shù)意義，用名詞復(fù)數(shù)，所以填years。
44．考查名詞。a US Open championship____9____(win)是Simpson的同位語(yǔ)，該空用名詞，前面有不定冠詞修飾，用名詞單數(shù)，所以填winner。
45．考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。描述主語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；主語(yǔ)My whole goal是第三人稱單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，所以填is。

8.【2021屆湖北華中師大附中高三上學(xué)期六校聯(lián)考】
閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
In any major Indian city, people are seen with an arm outstretched, mobile phone in hand, 28． (smile) widely and clicking away. Even Prime Minister Narendra Modi is said 29． (love) the selfie (自拍), posting pictures online that he has taken with 30． (variety) world leaders.
But the pursuit of selfie can sometimes have deadly consequences. India is home to 31． highest number of people who have died while taking photos of 32． (they), with 19 of the world’s 49 recorded selfie-linked deaths since 2014.
33．(early) this month, an 18-year-old college student on a class picnic lost his balance while taking a selfie on top of a rock near a dam. He fell into the water and drowned, along with a classmate 34． jumped in to save him.
Since then, the Indian government 35． (declare) 16 no-selfie zones across Mumbai, warning people36．taking unnecessary risks. Police have declared “no selfie” in areas considered to be37．(risk)—particularly along the coastline in spots with no railings or fences. Anyone coming into “no selfie” areas even if they take no photos, will risk a fine of 1,200 rupees ($17.50).
【答案】28．smiling29．to love30．various31．the32．themselves33．Earlier34．that/ who35．has declared36．a(chǎn)gainst
37．risky
【解析】這是一篇說明文。因?yàn)楹芏嘤慰拖矚g在印度自拍，導(dǎo)致印度成為自拍死亡人數(shù)最多的國(guó)家。為了阻止這一情況的惡化，印度政府采取了一些相關(guān)措施，例如設(shè)立標(biāo)志牌和罰款。
28．考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析句子可知，設(shè)空處應(yīng)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)，邏輯主語(yǔ)people和smile之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞，故填smiling。
29．考查不定式。分析句子可知，此處考查固定用法“主語(yǔ) + be said/ thought/ believed…to do sth.”，故填to love。
30．考查形容詞。分析句子可知，此處應(yīng)用variety的形容詞various“各種各樣的”修飾名詞leaders，故填various。
31．考查定冠詞。由highest可知此處應(yīng)填定冠詞，表示最高級(jí)，故填the。
32．考查代詞。句意：印度是因自拍照死亡數(shù)字最高的地方。根據(jù)句意可知，此處意為“自拍”即給自己拍照，故應(yīng)用反身代詞指代上文提到的people，故填themselves。
33．考查比較級(jí)。句意：本月早些時(shí)候，一個(gè)18歲的大學(xué)生班級(jí)野餐時(shí)，站在一個(gè)大壩附近的巖石上自拍失去了平衡。根據(jù)句意可知，此處意為“本月早些時(shí)候”，應(yīng)用early的比較級(jí)earlier，故填Earlier。
34．考查定語(yǔ)從句。分析句子可知，設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞a classmate，關(guān)系詞代替先行詞，在從句中作主語(yǔ)，指人，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞that/who，故填that/ who。
35．考查時(shí)態(tài)。分析句子可知，設(shè)空處是句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，根據(jù)上文的since then判斷為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，主語(yǔ)the Indian government是第三人稱單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，故填has declared。
36．考查短語(yǔ)。此處是短語(yǔ)warn sb. against doing sth.“警告某人不要做某事”，故填against。
37．考查形容詞。設(shè)空處應(yīng)填形容詞作為表語(yǔ)，故填risky。

9.【2021屆廣西欽州市第一中學(xué)高三開學(xué)摸底】
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A graduation speech given by Chief Justice John Roberts61．(become) a talking point after the Washington Post published it.
Roberts addressed his son's ninth grade graduating class. He advised the young graduates 62．(take) life's setbacks (挫折) in their stride (從容地). But he did not wish63．(they) good luck.
“Now, the speakers will typically also wish you good luck and extend good64．(wish) to you. I will not do that, and I will tell you why,” Roberts said.
“From time to time, in the years to come, I hope you will be treated65．(unfair), so that you will come to know the value of justice. Sorry to say, but I hope you will be lonely from time to time, so that you don't take friends66．granted. I wish you bad luck again, from time to time, so that you will be conscious of the role of chance in life and understand your success is not completely deserved and 67．the failure of others is not completely deserved either.”
He continued, “I hope you68．(ignore), so you know the importance of listening to others,69．I hope you will have just enough pain to learn compassion.”(同情心)
In the end, each graduate received a pocket-size (袖珍的) copy of the Constitution70．(sign) by Roberts.
【答案】61．became62．to take/(should) take63．them64．wishes65．unfairly66．for67．that68．will be ignored69．a(chǎn)nd70．signed
【解析】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了美國(guó)最高法院首席法官John Roberts在他兒子畢業(yè)典禮上的演講內(nèi)容，這篇演講在刊登后成為大家談?wù)摰慕裹c(diǎn)。
61．考査動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。分析句子成分和句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，句中含有after引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句；設(shè)空處是主句的謂語(yǔ), 根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞punished和全文的背景, 可知主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)也應(yīng)該用一般過去時(shí)。故填became。
62．考査動(dòng)詞不定式或虛擬語(yǔ)氣。若把設(shè)空句當(dāng)作簡(jiǎn)單句，可知此處考查不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，advise sb.to do sth. ，故填to take；若把設(shè)空句當(dāng)作省略了引導(dǎo)詞that的賓語(yǔ)從句，則從句應(yīng)該用虛擬語(yǔ)氣結(jié)構(gòu)（should）+動(dòng)詞原形，故填（should）take。故填to take/(should) take。
63．考査代詞。句意: 但是他并沒有祝他們好運(yùn)。設(shè)空處作wish的賓語(yǔ), 所以要用賓格them。故填them。
64．考査名詞單復(fù)數(shù)。句意：此時(shí)，演講者一般會(huì)祝你們好運(yùn), 同時(shí)也把美好的祝愿給你們。wish表示對(duì)他人的“祝愿、祝?！睍r(shí)往往要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填wishes。
65．考査副詞用法。分析句子成分可知，設(shè)空處修飾動(dòng)詞，修飾動(dòng)詞要用副詞形式。故填unfairly。
66．考査固定搭配中的介詞。句意：雖然抱歉這樣說，但是我希望你們偶爾會(huì)感到孤獨(dú)，這樣你們就不會(huì)把朋友當(dāng)作理所當(dāng)然的事情。根據(jù)句意可知，此處考查固定搭配take sb. /sth for granted，意為“認(rèn)為是……理所當(dāng)然的”。故填for。
67．考査賓語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知, understand后是賓語(yǔ)從句, 設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)的是第二個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，引導(dǎo)詞不能省略；分析賓語(yǔ)從句句子成分可知，從句意思完整, 不缺成分, 所以要用that引導(dǎo)。故填that。
68．考査動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。分析設(shè)空句句子成分和句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，hope后面是省略了引導(dǎo)詞that的賓語(yǔ)從句，設(shè)空處充當(dāng)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；根據(jù)全文的內(nèi)容可知，本句所表達(dá)的是對(duì)畢業(yè)生進(jìn)入社會(huì)后的祝愿，所以要用一般將來時(shí)；從句主語(yǔ)you和ignore之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。故填will be ignored。
69．考查并列連詞。分析句子成分和結(jié)構(gòu)可知，設(shè)空處連接兩個(gè)分句,I hope you　　　8　　　　　(ignore)及I hope you will have just enough pain to learn compassion.，這兩個(gè)分句之間是并列關(guān)系, 所以要用and連接。故填and。
70．考査非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意: 最后, 每個(gè)畢業(yè)生都收到了一本由Roberts親自簽名的袖珍的憲法的副本。分析句子成分和結(jié)構(gòu)可知，句中已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞received，無(wú)連詞，可知這是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句，所以設(shè)空處是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；設(shè)空處與邏輯主語(yǔ) copy of the Constitution之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系, 表示被動(dòng)要用過去分詞形式。故填signed。

10.【2020屆江西省撫州臨川第一中學(xué)高三6月實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練沖刺（二)】
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The traditional Chinese lunar calendar divides the year into 24 solar terms. The Awakening of Insects(驚蟄)falls on Mar．6 and ends on Mar 20 this year．
The Awakening of Insects signals41．rise in temperature and increased rain fall. As the third solar term in the lunar year,42．(it)name suggests the fact that animals sleeping in winter are awakened by spring thunder and that the earth begins to come back43．life．It is the key time for spring agricultural activities. It is also a good time for people44．(enjoy)fun outdoors, especially for people living in the city. Driving to the suburbs, 45．(fish)in a lake or enjoying the singing bird will make for a perfect weekend in spring．The most popular fruit in this season46．(be)pears．
The custom of eating pears is 47．(wide)practiced around the Awakening of Insects. As the weather gets warmer and the air becomes48．(dry),people tend to feel their mouths and tongues are dry,49．can cause colds or coughs. A pear is sweet, juicy and cold, moistening(濕潤(rùn)) the lungs to arrest a cough．50．,pears are recommended during the Awakening of Insects．
【答案】41．a(chǎn)42．Its43．to44．to enjoy45．fishing46．is47．widely48．drier49．which50．Therefore
【解析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了24節(jié)氣中的谷雨，谷雨是春天當(dāng)中的最后一個(gè)節(jié)氣，在4月19開始，5月4號(hào)結(jié)束，谷雨來自一句古老的諺語(yǔ)"雨生百谷"，這個(gè)時(shí)節(jié)對(duì)農(nóng)作物的生長(zhǎng)很有利。同時(shí)文中還介紹了四個(gè)有關(guān)谷雨的事情。
41．考查不定冠詞。句意：驚蟄預(yù)示著氣溫的上升和降雨量的增加。rise在此為可數(shù)名詞，意為“上升”，這里表示驚蟄時(shí)氣溫的“上升”，故填a。
42．考查形容詞性物主代詞。句意：作為農(nóng)歷的第三個(gè)節(jié)氣，它的名字暗示著冬眠的動(dòng)物被春雷驚醒，大地萬(wàn)物復(fù)蘇。its為形容詞性物主代詞，修飾名詞name。故填I(lǐng)ts。
43．句意：作為農(nóng)歷的第三個(gè)節(jié)氣，它的名字暗示著冬眠的動(dòng)物被春雷驚醒，大地萬(wàn)物復(fù)蘇。固定詞組：come back to life意為“恢復(fù)生機(jī)”。故填to。
44．考查固定句式。句意：這也是人們享受戶外樂趣的好時(shí)間，特別是對(duì)生活在城市里的人。固定句式：It is time for sb．to do sth．，此句式中it為形式主語(yǔ)，不定式做真正的主語(yǔ)。故填to enjoy。
45．考查動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)。句意：開車去郊區(qū)，在湖里釣魚，或是欣賞鳥兒的歌唱，這些都是春天完美的周末。在此用動(dòng)名詞和driving、enjoying并列做主語(yǔ)。故填fishing。
46．考查一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：這個(gè)季節(jié)最受歡迎的水果是梨。be在此句中作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，陳述了一個(gè)客觀事實(shí)，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語(yǔ)為fruit, 單數(shù)第三人稱，故填is。
47．考查副詞。句意：吃梨的習(xí)俗在驚蟄前后流傳甚廣。此處修飾過去分詞practiced用副詞。故填widely。
48．考查形容詞比較級(jí)。句意：隨著天氣變暖、空氣變干燥，人們往往會(huì)感到口腔和舌頭干燥，這可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致感冒或咳嗽。根據(jù)上文中的warmer可知。此處應(yīng)填形容詞比較級(jí)做表語(yǔ)。故填drier。
49．考查非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。句意：隨著天氣變暖、空氣變干燥，人們往往會(huì)感到口腔和舌頭干燥，這可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致感冒或咳嗽。此處前面整個(gè)句子做先行詞，在后面的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句做主語(yǔ)，且that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。故填which。
50．考查連接性副詞。句意：梨味甜，多汁，寒，潤(rùn)肺止咳。因此，驚蟄時(shí)節(jié)宜吃梨。此空前后句邏輯關(guān)系為因果關(guān)系，故填連接性副詞Therefore。








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