命題規(guī)律：
名詞在句中常作主語、賓語、表語或定語等，動詞作謂語與非謂語，形容詞作表語、定語，副詞作狀語修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子；根據(jù)標志詞及語境來確定比較等級；根據(jù)名詞前的數(shù)詞、量詞、冠詞等修飾語以及主謂一致原則來確定名詞的單復數(shù)。
備考策略：
第一步：確定是否考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換
提示詞為形容詞、副詞、名詞或代詞時，首先要考慮詞形轉(zhuǎn)換；提示詞為動詞，且該動詞在句中既不作謂語，也不作非謂語，則要考慮動詞詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。
第二步：確定轉(zhuǎn)換形式
根據(jù)句式結(jié)構(gòu)以及設(shè)空處所作成分進一步分析，最終確定正確的詞形轉(zhuǎn)換形式。
基本知識：
技法1 提示詞為動詞的詞形轉(zhuǎn)換
提示詞為動詞，如果既不是謂語動詞，也不是非謂語動詞，則考慮動詞詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。動詞是轉(zhuǎn)換成名詞還是形容詞，則根據(jù)句式結(jié)構(gòu)以及空處所作成分進一步分析。
1.動詞轉(zhuǎn)換為名詞
(1)v.＋-in/-tin/-atin/-sin轉(zhuǎn)換為名詞，表示“狀態(tài)或行為”
celebrate→celebratin 慶祝
cmpete→cmpetitin 比賽
pllute→pllutin 污染
educate→educatin 教育
pssess→pssessin 擁有
(2)v.＋-ment轉(zhuǎn)換為名詞，表示“行為或結(jié)果”
develp→develpment 發(fā)展
annunce→annuncement 宣布
argue→argument 爭論；論據(jù)
encurage→encuragement 鼓勵
(3)v.＋-r/-er/-r轉(zhuǎn)換為名詞，表示“人”
perfrm→perfrmer 表演者
settle→settler 移民者
educate→educatr 教育家
direct→directr 導演
visit→visitr 訪問者
(4)v.＋-ure轉(zhuǎn)換為名詞
fail→failure失敗; mix→mixture混合；
press→pressure壓; depart→departure分離
(5)后綴-th結(jié)尾的名詞
grw→grwth生長 die→death 死
deep→depth深 wide→width 寬
warm→warmth溫暖 true→truth 真實
(6)后綴-ance/-ence結(jié)尾的名詞
exist→existence 存在 guide→guidance指導
(7)后綴-al結(jié)尾的名詞
arrive→arrival到達 apprve→apprval 贊成
survive→survival 活了下來
2.動詞轉(zhuǎn)換為形容詞
(1)v.＋-able轉(zhuǎn)換為形容詞
accept→acceptable 可接受的
adapt→adaptable 能適應(yīng)的
adjust→adjustable 可調(diào)節(jié)的
affrd→affrdable 負擔得起的
(2)v.＋-ed/-ing轉(zhuǎn)換為形容詞
cnfuse→cnfused 感到困惑的
wrry→wrried 擔心的
excite→exciting 令人激動的；令人興奮的
(3)v.＋-ive轉(zhuǎn)換為形容詞
impress→impressive 給人深刻印象的
instruct→instructive 有教育意義的
(4)v.＋-ful/-less轉(zhuǎn)換為形容詞
dubt→dubtful 懷疑的
frget→frgetful 健忘的
thank→thankful 感激的
hpe→hpeless 不抱希望的
技法2 提示詞為名詞的詞形轉(zhuǎn)換
1.名詞的單復數(shù)
若提示詞名詞有以下情況時要考慮名詞的復數(shù)：
(1)有數(shù)詞或these、 thse、 several、 few、 many、 all、 bth、 varius、 different等詞修飾時，用名詞的復數(shù)形式；
(2)名詞前有ne f時，用名詞的復數(shù)形式；
(3)若謂語動詞是復數(shù)形式，則空處應(yīng)用名詞的復數(shù)形式。
2.名詞變復數(shù)的規(guī)則
(1)大部分單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞變?yōu)閺蛿?shù)一般直接加s；如果是以ch、 sh、 s、 x等結(jié)尾的單詞，則一般加es：trees、 bikes、 bks、 buses、 watches、 bxes、 bushes；
(2)輔音字母＋y結(jié)尾的單詞，變y為i再加es；但元音字母＋y結(jié)尾的單詞，則直接加s：babies、 families、 bys、 plays；
(3)以結(jié)尾的單詞除了兩人(negr、 her)、兩菜(tmat、 ptat)加es外，其余一般加s：radis、 phts；
(4)以f或fe結(jié)尾的單詞，通常變f、 fe為v再加es：wives、 knives、 wlves；
(5)特殊變化：man→men、 wman→wmen、 tth→teeth、 ft→feet、 child→children、 muse→mice；
(6)單復數(shù)同形： Chinese、 Japanese、 peple、 sheep、 deer、 fish。
3.名詞轉(zhuǎn)換為形容詞
提示詞為名詞，如果作定語修飾后面的名詞時，則一般考查名詞變形容詞。注意名詞變形容詞的后綴：
(1)n.＋-able
hnr→hnrable 可敬的
(2)n.＋-al
nature→natural 自然的；天生的
music→musical 音樂的；悅耳的
(3)n.＋-ful
clur→clurful 顏色鮮艷的
meaning→meaningful有意義的
(4)n.＋-en：wd→wden 木質(zhì)的
(5)n.＋-y：wealth→wealthy 富有的
4.名詞的所有格
提示詞與其后的名詞是所屬關(guān)系， 應(yīng)考慮名詞的所有格。
(1)單數(shù)名詞和不以-s結(jié)尾的復數(shù)名詞通常在詞尾加's；
(2)以-s或-es結(jié)尾的復數(shù)名詞，通常在詞尾加'。
技法3 提示詞為形容詞、副詞的詞形轉(zhuǎn)換
1.形容詞、副詞的詞形轉(zhuǎn)換
(1)分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)現(xiàn)提示詞是形容詞且需要改變詞性時，應(yīng)考慮用派生的副詞或名詞；
(2)若空處作定語、表語則應(yīng)考慮用形容詞形式；
(3)若空處修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或全句，則應(yīng)考慮用副詞形式；
(4)若空處在介詞后，應(yīng)考慮用名詞作賓語。
2.形容詞變副詞的規(guī)則
(1)以-e結(jié)尾的形容詞一般不去e，直接加-ly：immediate→immediately, brave→bravely。
(2)一些以-e結(jié)尾的形容詞去e加-(l)y：true→truly, simple→simply, gentle→gently, pssible→pssibly。
(3)“輔音字母＋-y”結(jié)尾，變y為i，再加-ly：happy→happily, easy→easily。
(4)以-ic結(jié)尾的形容詞加-ally：ecnmic→ecnmically, basic→basically。
3.形容詞、副詞轉(zhuǎn)換為比較級、最高級
(1)利用標志詞確定比較等級
①題目中有much、 far、 still、 even、 rather、 a little、 a bit、 a lt、 a great deal、 than等標志性詞匯時用比較級；
②空后有表示范圍的標志詞in、 f、 amng等時用最高級；
③空前有ne f the等修飾詞時，用最高級。
(2)利用固定句型
“the＋比較級．..，the＋比較級．..”表示“越……，就越……”。
(3)利用隱含信息判斷
句中雖沒有標志詞，但暗含比較，也需要用比較級或最高級。
技法4 提示詞為代詞的詞形轉(zhuǎn)換
提示詞為代詞，當句子缺少主語、賓語、定語或表語時，一般填代詞；確定填代詞之后，再看空處所填代詞是否與上文提到的人或物有指代關(guān)系。具體方法如下：
(1)分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)現(xiàn)提示詞作主語，應(yīng)考慮人稱代詞的主格形式；
(2)分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)現(xiàn)提示詞作賓語，應(yīng)考慮人稱代詞的賓格形式；
(3)分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)現(xiàn)提示詞作定語，應(yīng)考慮形容詞性物主代詞；
(4)分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)現(xiàn)提示詞作動詞或介詞的賓語，且和主語是同一人時，應(yīng)考慮反身代詞。
一、人稱代詞、物主代詞和反身代詞一覽表
二、牢記代詞的句法功能
1．作主語：人稱代詞主格。
2．作賓語/表語：人稱代詞賓格和名詞性物主代詞。
3．作定語：形容詞性物主代詞。
4．如果賓語與主語是指同一人，用反身代詞。
5．填it的情況：作形式主語或形式賓語；指代前面提到的同一個事物或情況。
6．that、 thse作替代詞，用來代替已提到的名詞，以避免重復。
技法5 提示詞為數(shù)詞的詞形轉(zhuǎn)換
1.基數(shù)詞變序數(shù)詞
(1)一般由基數(shù)詞加-th構(gòu)成：
six→sixth seven→seventh
ten→tenth hundred→hundredth
(2)以y結(jié)尾的基數(shù)詞，先把y變?yōu)閕e，再加-th：
twenty→twentieth thirty→thirtieth
(3)不規(guī)則變化：
ne→first tw→secnd
three→third five→fifth
eight→eighth nine→ninth
twelve→twelfth2.年齡、年代表達法
(1)表達“在某人幾十多歲”時，用“in ne's＋整十基數(shù)詞的復數(shù)”，如：in ne's fifties 在某人五十多歲時；
(2)表達“在幾十年代時”，用“in the＋整十基數(shù)詞的復數(shù)”，如：in the thirties 在三十年代。
真題訓練：
1.(2023年新高考Ⅰ卷·56) Xia lng ba (sup dumplings)， thse amazing cnstructins f delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing ht, ____56____ (taste) sup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favrite Chinese street fd.
2.(2023年新高考Ⅰ卷·64) N matter where I buy them, ne steamer is ____64____ (rare) enugh, yet tw seems greedy, s I am always left wanting mre next time.
3.(2023年新高考Ⅱ卷·57) I have been helping the panda keepers at the z t feel mre cmfrtable and ___57___ (cnfidence) speaking English.
4.(2023年新高考Ⅱ卷·63) ___63___ (basic), hw t describe a panda’s life. It’s been an hnr t watch the panda prgramme develp and t see the pandas settle int their new hme.
5.(2023年全國甲卷·62) Fables were part f the ral traditin f many early cultures, and the well-knwn Aesp’s fables date t the ___62___ (six) century, B. C. Yet, the frm f the fable still has values tday, as Rachel Carsn says in “A Fable fr Tmrrw.”
6.(2023年全國甲卷·67) ___67___ (difference) frm traditinal fables, Carsn’s stry ends with an accusatin instead f a mral.
7.(2023年全國甲卷·69) Hwever, Carsn’s theme is a mre weighty ___69___ (warn) abut envirnmental destructin.
8.(2023年全國乙卷·69) The ____69____ (remark) develpment f this city, which is cnsciusly designed t prtect the past while stepping int the mdern wrld, means there is always smething new t discver here, and I culd be phtgraphing Beijing fr the next 50 years.
9. (2022年新高考Ⅰ卷·63) The GPNP’s main gal is t imprve cnnectivity between separate ppulatins and hmes f giant pandas, and _____________ (eventual) achieve a desired level f ppulatin in the wild.
10. (2022年新高考Ⅱ卷·58) Mrs. Brwn was at wrk and Eric was at hme with his father. They bth fell ________ (sleep) while watching TV.
11. (2022年新高考Ⅱ卷·60) When he lked dwn, he _____________ (accidental) slipped and fell ver the edge.
12. (2022年全國甲卷·66) Ca believes this will make the hiking trip even mre ___________ (meaning).
13. (2022年全國乙卷·65) China has a ______________ (respnsible) t wrk with ther cuntries t prmte the healthy develpment f the tea industry.
14. (2021年新高考Ⅰ卷·58) The ht spring at the ft f the muntain is smething yu must try after the climb. It will ______________ (undubted) help yu get refreshed!
15. (2021年新高考Ⅱ卷·61) I tld him hw _________ (harm) plastic culd be t the envirnment and asked him t cnsider using mre ec-friendly ptins.
16. (2021年新高考Ⅱ卷·64) A cmpany _____________ (represent) wrte back and tld me the airline was switching ver frm plastic t paper cups n all f its 1,200 daily flights.
17. (2021年全國甲卷·50) …we stpped at the different gates and watchtwers t take pictures r just t watch the lcal peple ging abut their _______ (day) rutines.
18. (2021年全國乙卷·62) … (I) ften prvides mney fr cnservatin and benefits the ________________ (develp) f the lcal areas.
19. (2021年全國乙卷·68) Prvide _________ (finance) aid and ther benefits fr lcal peples.
20. (2020年全國Ⅰ卷·64) The far side f the mn is f particular ________ (interesting) t scientists because it has a lt f deep craters (環(huán)形山), mre s than the familiar near side.
21. (2020年全國Ⅰ卷·62) Landing n the mn’s far side is ___________ (extreme) challenging.
22. (2020年全國Ⅱ卷·61) Chinese New Year is a _____________ (celebrate) marking the end f the winter seasn and the beginning f spring.
23. (2020年全國Ⅱ卷·66) ___________ (certain) during the hliday perid, this plant is a must.
24. (2020年全國Ⅱ卷·69) The __________ (beauty) lng branches cvered with pink-clred buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic decratins.
25. (2020年全國Ⅲ卷·64) Filled with _________ (curius), the artist packed his bags and left.
26. (2020年全國Ⅲ卷·68) As the small bat mved ______ (gentle) alng the river he was left speechless by the muntains being silently reflected in the water.
27. (2019年全國Ⅱ卷·70) But then we gt an fficial letter and we were blwn away. We are s prud f her. It’s ___________ (wnder).
28. (2018年全國Ⅰ卷·68) T avid knee pain, yu can run n sft surfaces, d exercises t _____________ (strength) yur leg muscles (肌肉), avid hills and get gd running shes.
29. (2018年全國Ⅱ卷·66) This switch has decreased _________ (pllute) in the cuntry’s majr lakes and reservirs and made drinking water safer fr peple.
【解析】作動詞decreased的賓語，用名詞，故填pllutin。
30. (2018年全國Ⅲ卷·66) My name is Mireya Mayr. I’m a __________ (science) wh studies animals such as apes and mnkeys.
31. (2017全國Ⅱ卷·69) This develpment was nly pssible with the _______________ (intrduce) f electric-pwered engines and lifts.
32. (2017全國Ⅱ卷·70) The Central Lndn Railway was ne f the mst ____________ (success) f these new lines, and was pened in 1900.
思路點撥:
當空格處所需詞類與括號中所給詞的詞類不同時, 就需要詞類轉(zhuǎn)換。這類題一般可根據(jù)以下五點順利解決：
1. 作主語或賓語用名詞形式。
2. 在形容詞性物主代詞、冠詞(+形容詞)、不定代詞(sme, any, a lt f等)、介詞后還沒有名詞時，就用名詞形式。
3. 作定語、表語或補足語用形容詞形式。
4. 作狀語，修飾動詞、形容詞或另一副詞，或修飾全句，用副詞。
5. 當所給詞的詞性與空格處所需詞的詞性相同時，無需改變詞性，而可能是只加上改變詞義但不改變詞性的前綴或后綴，也可能用其比較級或最高級。如：
In Alaska, the wlf almst ______________ (appear) a few years ag, because hunters were killing hundreds f them fr sprt.
【解析】主句缺謂語, 應(yīng)填動詞，而appear本身就是動詞，無需作詞性變化，可考慮變詞義；由because從句可知，主句意思應(yīng)是 “狼在幾年前就差不多消失了”， 要用disappear；再由a few years ag可知，要用一般過去時，故填disappeared。
注意： 解題時，既要根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)需要確定詞類，又要考慮句意連貫或邏輯通順。如：
He failed his maths examinatin because f his _________ (care) wrk.
【解析】 在名詞前作定語，要用形容詞；由failed…可知，要填表示否定意義的“careless” (粗心大
意的)，意義才通順, 故填careless。
考點歸納:
課標詞的派生詞是不算生詞的，也不用中文注明，因此，掌握基本的構(gòu)詞法知識非常重要。
從近五年全國卷的語法填空來看，詞類轉(zhuǎn)換主要考查了以下6點：
1. 形容詞→副詞。
2. 名詞→形容詞。
3. 動詞→名詞。
4. 形容詞→名詞。
5. 名詞→動詞。
6. 名詞→名詞(人)。
現(xiàn)將主要考點歸納如下：
1. 形容詞→副詞 (高頻考點)
2.名詞與形容詞的轉(zhuǎn)換
3. 動詞→名詞
4. 名詞/形容詞→動詞
5. 動詞/名詞→表示人的名詞
6. 動詞與形容詞的轉(zhuǎn)換4. 名詞/形容詞→動詞5. 動詞/名詞→表示人的名詞
7. 表示否定的前綴與后綴
考點練透：
1. “N, sir. Yu must als start preparing fr the winter if yu want t have enugh t eat,” the ant said ___________ (serius).
2. Brazilian fficials__________ (sincere) hpe hsting the games will imprve life in Brazil.
3. It must take place in a _____________ (care) cntrlled envirnment, under the guidance f yur dctr.
4. Hwever, befre I gt n the bike, I felt _________ (extreme) nervus and I was afraid that I wuld fall ff …
5. Yu can imagine hw ________ (terrible) shy I was with s many eyes fixed upn me.
6. ___________ ( bvius), a gd habit can help us t speed up t reach ur destinatins.
7. If yu always g t bed and get up at abut the same time, this will set a ________ (health) rhythm in yur life.
8. My classmates attended _________ (vary) events such as running, high jump and lng jump.
9. I culdn’t imagine what it is like t lse yur hme and everything that yu knw and the ___________ (pwer) effect the hurricane had n thse peple.
10. We can start the habit by writing summaries and remember t recrd smething ___________ (impress) and meaningful.
11. I heard that listening t classical music is ________ (help) in reducing stress.
12. Sme think it is _____________ (cnvenience) t get in tuch with thers with the cell-phne…
13. There’s clear ___________ (evident) that peple wh listen t lively music are lively peple.
14. … mre and mre students wuld drp ut f schl if their persnal _______ (safe) culd nt be guaranteed.
15. The best speed _________(eat) train their stmachs t expand.
16. I had n _______ (chse) but t prepare fr it, thugh.
17. Nevertheless, aplgies might be an imprtant scial tl as they reaffirm (重新確認) the __________ (exist) f rules that need t be bserved.
18. The students use a vide game cntrller t direct its ____________ (mve) in the tank.
19. A farmer nce rganized a ____________ (cmpete) between his dg and his rabbit.
20. Actually with my ______________ (cnfident) building up, I nw turn ut t be a great speaker.
21. I went ff in search f him in hpes that I culd _________(unite) him with his wners.
22.Meanwhile, a big turism cmpany said its rural turism business has shwn significant ptential fr future ____________ (grw) in the recent three years.
23.After experiencing her lder sister's ____________(die) and her parents' divrce, she is determined t stay alive fr the sake f her brken family.
24.There is still n cnvincing ____________ (explain) fr the rigin f FRB in the internatinal scientific cmmunity at present.
25.She prvided medical ________ (equip), clean water and fruits. With this wrk the death rate decreased t 2.2%.
26.In the end, a Mediterranean diet is part f the factrs cntributing t ur physical health, but it takes ____________ (cmmit) t make them happen.
27.I tld him hw ________ (harm) plastic culd be t the envirnment and asked him t cnsider using mre ec-friendly ptins.
28.This mrning, a ________ (cheer) lin dance trupe (劇團) drve slwly past my lcal wet market.
29.But the mst __________ (value) experience f all was discvering a new sense f independence, she said.
30.Crws have lng been bserved fr their varius ____________(amaze) displays f intelligence.
31.Sme American schlars thught China culd hardly realize fd-sufficiency because f the ____________ (limit) water resurces, decrease f agricultural land due t industrial expansin and the fast ppulatin grwth.
32.In additin t bks, many libraries als ffer digital ____________ (cpy) f bks, audibks, mvies, and mre thrugh Internet platfrms.
33.When the answer was n, she declined the ________ (invite)．
34.China's nline literature has grwn in ppularity ver the last tw ____________ (decade).
35.The rlling sea f cluds yu see nce yu are at the tp will remind yu hw tiny we ________ (human) are.
36.We dn't have enugh resurces allcated t ur educatinal sectr and the little ____________ (allcate) t the sectr is nt well managed.
37.It is widely cnsidered that these scial ____________ (plicy) will definitely imprve the well-being f Chinese children.
38.The prject was cmpleted s quickly because the wrkers had been arranged int seven units t undertake different ____________ (task) at the same time.
39.Hpefully, the cute, witty, hi-tech Bing Dwen Dwen can becme a classic and cuntless lasting ____________ (memry) will stick in Olympic histry.
40.“Making cins was ne f the greatest financial ____________ (activity) in human histry，” said researchers, adding that it allwed wealth t be traded easily.
41.There were n stars, n celebrities r ____________ (prfessin) perfrmers, we wanted t present a mdern China and the lives f rdinary Chinese peple.
42.A lt f prblems are assciated with verusing ur digital devices, frm eye health and issues f mental health t addictin and ____________ (educatin) difficulties.
43.Unlike lder generatins wh might favr Western culture and brands，Chinese yuth were brn and raised when the ____________ (cuntry) ecnmy was taking ff, s they tend t have strng cnfidence in their natinal identity and culture.
44.It was a gd pprtunity fr me t experience the ____________ (natin) diverse custms and traditins.
45.Cmpared with the class nine years ag, this ____________ (year) lecture was greatly different.
46.______ (similar)，instead f learning knwledge inside the classrm, students shuld be encuraged t take adventure utside and visit places where they can witness the develpment f their hmetwn.
47.Back in the ____________ (ninety), he wuld remain at the z fr almst three mnths t stay with the pandas during the breeding seasn.
48.Many legends and stries lie behind its red walls and under the glden ____________ (rf).
49.As the benefits f space explratin and innvatin becme ____________ (well) knwn, increasingly mre cuntries and nn-gvernmental entities are interested in engaging in explratin and innvatin.
50.The Svalbard Glbal Seed Vault, which preserves almst ne millin seed samples, has ne f the ____________ (large) cllectins.
51.But Japan, wh lacked its wn mineral resurces, tk the theme f a sustainable (可持續(xù)的) future ____________ (seriusly) than thers.
52.At the waterside r n the muntains, the senirs find ____________ (they) in harmny with nature.
53.There I met a gentleman by the name f Kurien in his late ____________ (eighty).
54.Since many f the ____________ (rigin) features f the garden have been preserved, the garden has a high histrical and artistic value.
55.Nw, researchers frm Canada's University f Guelph insist that cats als express emtins n their faces — ne just has t learn hw t interpret ____________ (they)!
56.But nw, fr the first time in cnservatin histry, ____________ (they) numbers are n the increase.
57.But at least 70% f stars in the universe are red dwarfs, the tiniest and clest ____________(ne) ut there.
58.This year, Remila spent her ____________ (five) Spring Festival abard the carrier.
59.China beat Suth Krea 3－2 frm tw gals dwn in the dramatic final f the AFC Wmen's Asian Cup n Sunday night, winning the champinship fr the ____________ (nine) time 16 years later.
60.This is especially true in cuntries where traditinal medicines are ____________ (wide) used.
61.The junk flats arund ________ (hundred) f kilmeters abve the earth. Experts say the main wrry is that such debris will hit a space statin, satellite r ther equipment.
62.It is knwn t all that there were tw wrld wars in the ____________ (twenty) century, which greatly changed the wrld situatin.
63.Cvering sme 720，000 square meters and ____________ (fficial) knwn as the Palace Museum, it was hme t ryal families f the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
64.Xu Yuanchng was ne f the greatest translatrs in China, wh devted himself t translating Chinese pems in his ____________ (seventy).
65.These days, dctrs are using a new apprach t healing, which is called tapping. This apprach cmbines ____________ (wise) frm Chinese medicine with talk therapy (治療).
66.China has expressed an ambitin t land peple n the mn and ____________ (pssible) build a scientific base there.
目錄
一
命題規(guī)律
名詞在句中常作主語、賓語、表語或定語等，動詞作謂語與非謂語，形容詞作表語、定語，副詞作狀語修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子；根據(jù)標志詞及語境來確定比較等級；根據(jù)名詞前的數(shù)詞、量詞、冠詞等修飾語以及主謂一致原則來確定名詞的單復數(shù)。
二
備考策略
第一步：確定是否考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換；第二步：確定轉(zhuǎn)換形式
三
基本知識
提示詞為動詞、名詞、形容詞、副詞、代詞、數(shù)詞的詞形轉(zhuǎn)換
四
真題訓練
近幾年高考詞性轉(zhuǎn)換的專題訓練
五
思路點撥
1. 作主語或賓語用名詞形式。2. 在形容詞性物主代詞、冠詞(+形容詞)、不定代詞(sme, any, a lt f等)、介詞后還沒有名詞時，就用名詞形式。3. 作定語、表語或補足語用形容詞形式。4. 作狀語，修飾動詞、形容詞或另一副詞，或修飾全句，用副詞。 5. 當所給詞的詞性與空格處所需詞的詞性相同時，無需改變詞性，而可能是只加上改變詞義但不改變詞性的前綴或后綴，也可能用其比較級或最高級。
六
考點歸納
高頻考點：1. 形容詞→副詞 2.名詞與形容詞的轉(zhuǎn)換3. 動詞→名詞4. 名詞/形容詞→動詞5. 動詞/名詞→表示人的名詞6. 動詞與形容詞的轉(zhuǎn)換7. 表示否定的前綴與后綴
七
考點練透
再次鞏固所掌握的知識點體系并能靈活應(yīng)用
人稱
類別
單數(shù)
復數(shù)
第一人稱
第二人稱
第三人稱
第一人稱
第二人稱
第三人稱
人稱代詞
主格
I
yu
he/she/it
we
yu
they
賓格
me
yu
him/her/it
us
yu
them
物主代詞
形容詞性
my
yur
his/her/its
ur
yur
their
名詞性
mine
yurs
his/hers/its
urs
yurs
theirs
反身代詞
myself
yurself
himself/
herself/
itself
urselves
yurselves
themselves
規(guī)律總結(jié)
請在橫線上寫出下列形容詞的副詞的中文意思
1
一般直接加ly
plite→plitely____________；rude→rudely____________； wide→widely____________； immediate→immediately____________； fair→fairly____________； certain→certainly____________；careful→carefully____________； final→finally____________； quick→quickly____________； high→highly____________； fficial→fficially____________； regular→regularly____________； actual→actually____________； slw→slwly____________； sudden→suddenly____________； real→really____________
2
輔音字母+ y → ily
easy→easily____________; angry→angrily____________; happy→happily____________; heavy→heavily____________; steady→ steadily____________；busy→busily____________; lucky→luckily____________; healthy→healthily____________; 但shy→shyly____________
3
以-le結(jié)尾,去e加y
pssible→pssibly____________； prbable→prbably____________； terrible→ terribly____________； nble→nbly____________; cmfrtable→cmfrtably____________; reliable→reliably____________；gentle→gently____________; ample→amply____________; simple→simply____________
4
(個別)去e加ly
true→truly____________；due→duly____________（按時地）；whle→whlly____________
5
以-ic結(jié)尾加ally
basic→basically____________; classic→classically____________; magic→magically____________; ptimistic→ptimistically____________; scientific →scientifically____________; energetic→energetically____________; 但public →publicly____________
6
以-ll結(jié)尾加y
full→fully____________（完全地）；dull→dully____________（遲鈍地）
規(guī)律總結(jié)
請在橫線上寫出下列名詞的形容詞的中文意思或形容詞的名詞的中文意思
1
+al/去e, +al
music→ musical____________; riginal→riginal____________; persn→persnal____________; natin→natinal____________; traditin→traditinal____________; centre→central________; practice→practical___________; glbe→glbal____________;
2
-ture→ -tural
nature→ natural____________; culture→cultural____________; agriculture→agricultural____________; architecture→architectural____________
3
-ics→ -ical
plitics→ plitical____________; physics→physical____________;mathematics→mathematical____________; statistics →statistical____________
4
+ern
east→ eastern____________; west→western____________; suth→suthern____________; nrth→nrthern____________; suthwest→suthwestern____________
5
+ible
access→ accessible____________; 注意 hrrr→hrrible;____________ terrr→terrible____________
6
+ful
success→ successful____________; care→careful____________; pwer→pwerful____________ ; peace→peaceful____________; fruit→fruitful____________; 注意mercy→merciful____________; beauty→beautiful____________
7
+ish
fl→ flish____________; self→selfish____________; child→childish____________; fever→feverish ____________
8
+us
danger→ dangerus____________; humr→humrus____________注 意 anxiety→anxius__________; ambitin→ambitius_________; curisity→curius____________;
9
-ance→-ant
imprtance→ imprtant____________; significance→significant____________; distance → distant____________;
10
-ence→-ent
absence→ absent ____________; silence→silent ____________; difference→different ____________; cnvenience→cnvenient ____________; patience→patient____________; vilence→vilent ____________
11
-ency→ -ent
fluency→ fluent____________; efficiency→efficient____________; emergency→emergent____________; urgency→urgent____________
12
+ly
friend→ friendly____________; time→timely____________; man→manly____________; mther→mtherly____________； mnth→mnthly____________; 注意 day→daily____________
13
-ble→ -bility
able→ ability____________; respnsible→respnsibility____________; pssible→pssibility____________; flexible→flexibility____________
14
+y; 去e，+y;雙寫，+y
health→ healthy____________; sleep→sleepy____________; greed→greedy____________; wealth→wealthy____________; nise→nisy____________; ice→icy____________; sun→sunny____________; fg→fggy____________;
15
adj.+ness →n
weak→ weakness____________; kind→kindness____________; ill→illness____________; sad→sadness____________; 注意 happy→happiness____________
16
adj. +th →n.
warm→warmth____________; 注意 strng→ strength____________; lng→length____________; wide→width____________; deep→depth____________; true→truth____________
17
-ate→-acy
accurate→accuracy____________; private→privacy____________; adequate→adequacy____________
18
其他
free→ freedm____________; wise→wisdm____________; cruel→cruelty____________; safe→safety____________; tire→tiresme____________; truble→trublesme____________; histry→histric(al)____________; science→scientific;____________ brave→bravery____________; shrt→shrtage____________
規(guī)律總結(jié)
請在橫線上寫出下列動詞的名詞的中文意思
1
+atin
expect→ expectatin_______________; present→presentatin_______________; 注意 explain→ explanatin_______________
2
去e，+atin
invite→ invitatin_______________; examine→examinatin_______________; prepare→preparatin_______________; 注意 prnunce→prnunciatin_______________
3
去e，+ tin
prduce→ prductin_______________; intrduce→ intrductin_______________；注意 describe→descriptin _______________
4
去e，+in
devte→ devtin_______________; pllute→pllutin_______________; cntribute→cntributin_______________; revise→revisin _______________ educate →educatin_______________；
5
+in
act→actin_______________;attract→attractin_______________; prtect→prtectin_______________; suggest→suggestin_______________ 注意 intend→intentin_______________
discuss → discussin _______________; express→expressin_______________; pssess→pssessin_______________; impress →impressin_______________
6
去t/d/de，+ (s)sin
admit→ admissin_______________; permit→__________________; extend→_________________; cnclude→_________________; divide→________________
7
+ance；去e，+ance
appear→ appearance_____________; perfrm→_______________________; acquaint→_____________________; guide→__________________
8
+ence
exist→ existence; prefer→__________________; refer→_________________; differ→__________; depend→________________;注意 ccur→ ___________________
9
+ment
achieve→ achievement__________; agree→agreement __________; annunce→annuncement______________; develp→develpment____________; encurage→encuragement_______________;注意 argue→argument__________
10
去e，+al
arrive→ arrival_____________; apprve→apprval __________; survive→survival _________; refuse→ refusal ________
11
+ure/tre
fail→ failure_____________; press→pressure_________; depart→departure __________; mix→mixture________
12
+y
recver→ recvery_____________; discver→discvery______________
13
其他
chse→ chice______________; vary→variety_______________; tend→tendency_________________; advise→advice____________________; aplgize→aplgy_________________; classify→classificatin________________; grw→grwth_____________________
規(guī)律總結(jié)
請在橫線上寫出下列動詞的中文意思
1
后綴-en
strength→ strengthen ___________；length→ lengthen ___________ ；height→ heighten ___________；sft→ sften ___________ ；weak→ weaken ___________ ；wide→ widen ___________ ；less→ lessen ___________shrt→ shrten ______________；brad→ braden _____________；quick→ quicken ____________
2
前綴en-
able→ enable _____________；large→ enlarge ____________ ；rich→ enrich _____________；curage→ encurage ___________ ；danger→ endanger ___________ ；cmpass→ encmpass ____________
規(guī)律總結(jié)
請在橫線上寫出下列表示人的名詞的中文意思。
1
+er/r
sing→ singer___________; teach→teacher________; strange→stranger________; village→villager________; emply→emplyer__________ interview→interviewer ___________
2
+r
act→ actr ___________; invent→inventr _________; educate→educatr_________; visit→visitr_______; cnduct→cnductr__________
3
+ee
emply→emplyee _________; interview→interviewee ___________; pay→payee_______; absent→absentee_________
4
+(r)ess
act→ actress; wait→waitress________; hst→hstess________; steward→stewardess___________; 注意 gd→gddess________
5
+ese
Japan→Japanese _________; Vietnam→Vietnamese___________ 注意 China→Chinese ________;Burma(緬甸)→Burmese_________;
6
+n
Asia→ Asian ____________; America→American__________; Australia→Australian___________; India→Indian_______; Krea→Krean__________
7
(去y或s) +ian
music→ musician__________; histry→histrian_________; library→librarian_________; physics→physician_________; plitics→plitician__________
8
+ist
art→ artist ____________; nvel→nvelist ________; tur→turist_______; 注意cycle→cyclist_______; science→scientist_________
9
+ant
assist→ assistant ____________; accunt→accuntant ___________; cnsult→cnsultant ____________; 注意apply→applicant _________; serve→servant _______
10
+ar
lie→ liar___________; beg→ar____________(注意拼寫)
規(guī)律總結(jié)
請在橫線上寫出下列動詞轉(zhuǎn)換后的形容詞的意思或形容詞轉(zhuǎn)換后的動詞的意思
1
+able
suit→ suitable____________; cmfrt→cmfrtable____________; reasn→reasnable___________;注意admire→admirable___________; rely→reliable________;
2
+ful
dubt→ dubtful____________; harm→harmful_________; hpe→hpeful________; care→careful________; use→useful_______;help→helpful________
3
+ive
act→ active________; attract→attractive_________; impress→impressive___________; create→creative________
4
+ary
imagine→imaginary __________
5
adj.+en/n →v.
deep→ deepen____________; wide→widen _______; less→lessen______; wrse→wrsen________; dark→darken_______
6
en+adj.→v.
large→enlarge____________; rich→enrich_______; able→enable________; nble→ennble________;
4
un-
able→ unable____________; fair→unfair______; fit →unfit__________; frtunate→unfrtunate___________; usual→unusual________
5
+less
hpe→ hpeless____________; end→endless________; stain→stainless________; taste→tasteless_________; use→useless_______; help→helpless_________; pwer→pwerless_________
規(guī)律總結(jié)
請在橫線上寫出與下列單詞意義相反或相否定的詞語的中文意思
1
dis-
advantage→ disadvantage____________; agree→ disagree____________; appear→disappear____________;
2
il/im/in-
legal→ illegal_____________; plite→implite _________; patient→impatient__________; cnvenient→incnvenient____________
3
mis-
understand→ misunderstand___________; lead→mislead________; direct→misdirect__________; trust→mistrust_________

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