冠詞
冠詞是語(yǔ)法填空題的?？键c(diǎn)，經(jīng)?？疾椴欢ü谠~a，an和定冠詞the的基本用法和固定搭配。解答冠詞類題目時(shí)，首先需要明確設(shè)空處是表示特指還是泛指，如果是前者用the，后者則需要再判斷用a還是an。短文改錯(cuò)中的冠詞類題目，除了判斷是表示特指還是泛指外，還需要注意單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前必須有冠詞。同時(shí)對(duì)常見的固定搭配中的冠詞也要熟練掌握。
(一)考點(diǎn)練悟(用冠詞填空)
When I walked dwn 1.________ Third Avenue, as 2.______ rule, I used t lk int the windws f 3.______ ld shp that sld ld and beautiful things. Since I ften tk my walk after the clsing time, I cupped my hands against 4.________ windws t get 5.________ small lk at the treasures inside.
Sme things lked as if they had nt been nticed fr 6.________ lng time, but I knew their beauty was still there beneath their wn surface. I even thught they were 7.________ mst beautiful that I had ever seen. That was hw I felt abut ld peple, t. I knew their value, and it hurt me when thers missed it. I was raised by my grandmther and given 8.________ deep sense f the value f experience. Taught t behave well, my sister and I respected ther peple, regardless f their age r clr. My grandmther was lved by all 9.________ peple arund her. She was knwn t be 10.________ wise and kind wman, wh was able t d things well even in her last years.
Old peple shuld be treated as fine gld. They may be gradually tarnished (失去光澤) by age, but they can be plished with respect. Yu might be surprised by their bright and shining qualities.
【答案】1.the 2.a 3.an 4.the 5.a 6.a 7.the 8.a 9.the 10.a
(二)快捷技法
思考趨向——如何確定填冠詞
如果空格后有名詞(短語(yǔ))而且二者搭配在一起表示泛指或特指含義，或者有序數(shù)詞、最高級(jí)、表示特指意義的比較級(jí)等形式，那么空格處一般是填冠詞。
解題規(guī)則——如何確定填什么冠詞
1．不定冠詞a/an的?？键c(diǎn)
(1)表示泛指，相當(dāng)于“a certain”。(如題3,6,10)
(2)表示類指，指某類中的“任何一個(gè)”。
(3)表示量指，但數(shù)的概念沒(méi)有ne強(qiáng)烈。
(4)表示“每”，相當(dāng)于per，用于價(jià)格、速度、頻率等表達(dá)中。
(5)考查固定搭配中的不定冠詞。(如題2,6)
(6)和具有某些特征、狀態(tài)或情感的抽象名詞連用表示具體的概念。(如題5,8)
2．定冠詞the的?？键c(diǎn)
(1)特指某人或某物。(如題4,9)
(2)用于最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞前或由nly, very, same等修飾的名詞前。(如題1,7)
(3)和形容詞、過(guò)去分詞連用，表示一類人或事物。
(4)用在“逢十”的年代前，表示“在某世紀(jì)幾十年代”。
(5)定冠詞常用在一些固定搭配中。
一、不定冠詞a/an
My friend Linda is an hnest girl① studying in a university①.We are f an age②，we bth like milk and we drink a cup f milk③ a day④.S we think a cw⑤ is very useful.
二、定冠詞 the
Mr Smith is a teacher frm the United States①.He was the first② freign teacher I had met.In the 1990s③，he and his wife were traveling alng the Yangtze River④when a ship wrecked.The Smiths⑤ came up t help the injured⑥ and saved a by by catching him by the arm⑦.The by’s parents said they were the kindest⑧ peple in the wrld⑨.They wuld remember the cuple⑩ frever.
三、零冠詞
When learning that teachers① are badly needed in remte districts①，Lily vlunteered t teach in a remte place.Lcal peple have made her headmaster② f the schl since her arrival and she teaches Chinese③，maths③，and English③ herself frm spring t winter④and frm Mnday t Sunday④.On weekends，she teaches them t play vlleyball and chess⑤.When she finds many children attending schl withut having lunch⑥，she raises mney① fr the children’s meals.
隨堂練習(xí)
題組一 冠詞的基本用法
Ⅰ.單句填空
1.Als knwn as the Snw Dragn, the icebreaker carrying a research team set sail frm Shanghai n Nv. 2 last year, beginning cuntry’s 35th Antarctic expeditin.
2.It’s nt all that hard t build an advanced and large vcabulary. Like many things in life,it’s nging prcess.
3.Chaplin liked idea f wrking in the film industry because it wuld mean a new life.
4.Three became plitical leaders;three became dctrs;the mst famus graduate became university teacher and was respnsible fr the intrductin f mdern teaching methds in his cuntry.
【答案】
題組二 冠詞的習(xí)慣用法
Ⅰ.單句填空
1.The sund f the car died away in distance.
2.Eating chclate nce in while makes it easier fr yu t resist eating it all the time.
3.Beavers build themselves curius huts t live in, and quite frequently great number f these huts are placed clse tgether.
4.All f sudden, a student rushed in and pushed her aside.
【答案】
代詞
近幾年，高考對(duì)代詞的考查主要集中在代詞的基本用法上，因此這類試題一般較為簡(jiǎn)單。語(yǔ)法填空 側(cè)重對(duì)it用法的考查；而短文改錯(cuò)對(duì)代詞的考查主要集中在不定代詞、反身代詞、形容詞性物主代詞和代詞的格等的用法上。
考生在解題時(shí)要根據(jù)語(yǔ)境、句意判斷人稱和數(shù)，應(yīng)仔細(xì)閱讀上下文，根據(jù)代詞具體指代的對(duì)象和在句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?，確定代詞的格。未來(lái)高考對(duì)代詞的考查將繼續(xù)側(cè)重代詞的基本用法，并會(huì)加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)境的真實(shí)性和復(fù)雜性。
(一)考點(diǎn)練悟(用代詞填空)
“Withut the ball, I'm half cmplete f 1.________ (I)，” Luis Fig, ne f the wrld's greatest ftball players nce said.
The Prtuguese played his first internatinal match in 1991 at the age f 18 and has kept scring ever since.
He reached a new mark n February 18 by playing 2.________ (he) hundredth match fr his natinal team in a friendly match against England. A crwd f mre than 30,000 fans watched and cheered fr 3.________ (he) in Lisbn. “Fig, Fig，” 4.________ shuted excitedly when he walked nt the field.
The Real Madrid player, 31, wanted t help his cuntry in Eur 2004 and t win 5.________ Spanish Cup with Real Madrid. Madrid bught Fig frm FC Barcelna fr 82.4 millin dllars in 2000, and he shwed everyne what a great player he was by winning FIFA's Ftballer f the Year award in 2001.
“Fig wrks like an artist and has the skills t be the mst cmplete player，” said FIFA President Jseph Blatter in 2001. “Fig 6.________ (he) is a real leader wh always tries his best n the field and a gd team player. 7.________ is n prblem fr him t wrk tgether with his teammate at Real Madrid, star ftballer David Beckham.” In fact, Fig was the first 8.________ t welcme Beckham when he arrived. “We have a strng team, and we can help ne 9.________ and wrk tgether t be successful，” Fig said.
【答案】1.myself 2.his 3.him 4.all 5.anther 6.himself 7.It 8.ne 9.anther
(二)快捷技法
思考趨向
1．當(dāng)提示詞為代詞時(shí)，需分析判斷用其主格、賓格、物主代詞、反身代詞中的哪種形式。
2．如空后無(wú)提示詞，且空格處在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)時(shí)，考慮填代詞。
解題規(guī)則
1．人稱代詞、物主代詞和反身代詞常考點(diǎn)
一、人稱代詞、物主代詞和反身代詞
I① am a senir schl student and I① want t jin ur③ schl ftball team，but the persn in charge rejected me②.I have t spend my③ spare time practicing ftball t imprve myself④.Lk! The ftball under the bed is mine⑤.It has been wrn ut.
(1)人稱代詞中第三人稱的主格(he, she, it, they)與賓格(him, her, it, them)常指代前文或后文出現(xiàn)的人或物。當(dāng)提示詞為人稱代詞的主格時(shí)需考慮是否變?yōu)橘e格。(如題3)
(2)形容詞性物主代詞(my, yur, his, her, its, ur, their)在句中作定語(yǔ)，常表示物體的所屬；而名詞性物主代詞(mine, yurs, his, hers, urs, theirs)在句中可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)，但不可以作定語(yǔ)。(如題2)
(3)反身代詞(myself, yurself, himself, herself, itself, urselves, yurselves, themselves)表示動(dòng)作的承受者就是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，可以在句中作賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)。(如題1,6)
2．替代詞和不定代詞?？键c(diǎn)
替代詞that，thse，ne，nes，the ne，the nes
I fund a beautiful cat in a shp，but it was very expensive.Luckily，I fund ne① lking the same nline and it was much cheaper than that②/the ne③ in the physical shp.Hwever，when I received the cat，I realized thugh the nes④ sld nline were much cheaper，they were nt as gd as thse⑤ in physical shps.I wuld rather spend mre mney n better nes⑥ with high quality.
(1)替代詞that, thse, ne, nes
①that可以指代前面出現(xiàn)過(guò)的不可數(shù)名詞或單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，其復(fù)數(shù)形式為thse。
②ne指代前面出現(xiàn)過(guò)的同類事物中的“一個(gè)”，其復(fù)數(shù)形式為nes。(如題8)
(2)不定代詞的用法
不定代詞
1．a(chǎn)ll/every/bth/each/neither/nne
There are 50 students in my class.Thugh nt all① f us are studying well，we all① study hard.Every student② has a dream university，thugh nt every student② can be admitted t a famus ne.My deskmate and I bth③ like music，but bth f us dn’t③ want t enter a music institute.Each④ f us has chsen ur future cllege.We have 14 teachers in all，nne⑤ f whm treat us badly.Hwever, my deskmate and I are bth③ fat，s neither⑥ f us lve PE classes.
2．a(chǎn)nything/nthing/smething/everything
—D yu have anything① t say abut yur exam?
—N，I have nthing② t say abut it.
—I hpe yu can share smething③ special abut yur schl.
—I have tld yu that I dn’t have anything① t say abut it.Everything④ has gne wrng.
①anything表示“任何事物，一些事”時(shí)，用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句中；表示“隨便什么事物”，用于肯定句中。
②nthing表示“什么也沒(méi)有”，可用于肯定、疑問(wèn)及否定句。
③smething表示“某事(物)”，一般用于肯定句中。
④everything表示“一切”，強(qiáng)調(diào)全體，但謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)。
3．the ther，anther，thers與the thers
—Excuse me.Can yu exchange this T-shirt fr anther① ne? Sme thers② say it desn’t fit me well.
—Of curse.This T-shirt cmes in tw sizes；yu can try n the ther③ ne.
—Dn’t bther.There are s many shps and I will g t see the thers④.
①bth, either, neither都強(qiáng)調(diào)兩者，可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。neither表示“兩者都不”； either表示“兩者中任何一個(gè)”； bth表示“兩者都”。
②all和nne都強(qiáng)調(diào)三者或三者以上，all表示“全部都”，而nne表示“全部都不”。(如題4)
③anther表示“(三者或三者以上中的)另一個(gè)，再一個(gè)”； the ther意為“(兩者中的)另一個(gè)”；ther意為“其余的，另外的”； thers泛指其余的人或物。(如題5,9)
3．it的?？键c(diǎn)
(1)it可指代事物或上文提到過(guò)的內(nèi)容。
(2)it可作形式主語(yǔ)或形式賓語(yǔ)，用來(lái)指代不定式、動(dòng)詞-ing形式或從句，而把真正的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)后置。(如題7)
(3)表示“喜歡，恨”等情感的動(dòng)詞后面跟從句時(shí)，要先接it，再接從句，這類動(dòng)詞有l(wèi)ike, lve, hate, dislike, appreciate等。
(4)it常用于一些固定搭配中，如it is n wnder that “難怪……”；make it“成功；趕上”；when it cmes t ...“當(dāng)提到……”等。
1.A study shws the students wh are engaged in after-schl activities are happier than wh are nt.
2. was when I gt back t my apartment that I first came acrss my new neighbrs.
3.In many ways, the educatin system in the US is nt very different frm in the UK.
4.The quality f educatin in this small schl is better than in sme larger schls.
5.Hw wuld yu like if yu were watching yur favrite TV prgram and smene came int the rm and just shut it ff withut asking yu?
6.The meeting will be held in September,but knws the date fr sure.
7.T warm himself,the sailr sat in frnt f the fire rubbing ne bare ft against the .
8.Niki is always full f ideas,but is useful t my knwledge.
【答案】
介詞
高考對(duì)介詞的考查主要集中在介詞的基本用法及含介詞的固定搭配的用法上。語(yǔ)法填空題對(duì)介詞的考查形式為純空格，即沒(méi)有提示詞，這對(duì)考生正確理解句意和掌握的知識(shí)提出了較高的要求。短文改錯(cuò)題對(duì)介詞的考查主要涉及介詞的多余、缺失或誤用，其中固定搭配中介詞的誤用是考查的重點(diǎn)。因此，考生應(yīng)在掌握介詞基本用法的同時(shí)，注意總結(jié)和積累其與名詞、形容詞、動(dòng)詞等搭配構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)的意義和用法。
(一)考點(diǎn)練悟(用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空)
In the chemistry lab, because 1.________ the student's carelessness, the tube cracked and the liquid in it caused a fire n the table. Frtunately, he put it ut 2.________ time at last.
In fact, it is cmmn t have sme small accidents caused 3.________ carelessness. I used t enjy cking, s I always sught a chance t ck. Hwever, the desire led 4.________ an accident.
Once I stayed 5.________ hme alne. I fund it a chance t ck. I put all the fd I needed 6.________ a pt. Then I had t wait 7.________ it t bil. In rder t kill the waiting time, I went t watch TV. Only in a few minutes was I fascinated by a wnderful prgramme. It was abut half an hur later that I remembered my fd. I turned ff the cker immediately but unfrtunately the fd ran ver 8.________ the pt. I was blamed and had t clean the kitchen.
S we shuld pay attentin 9.________ everything we are ding t avid accidents.
【答案】1.f 2.in 3.by 4.t 5.at 6.int 7.fr 8．frm 9.t
(二)快捷技法
思考趨向
1．若空格后是名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞，且它們?cè)诰渲胁皇亲髦髡Z(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，那么空格處一般是填介詞。(如題1,2,3,6,8)
2．看空格前的動(dòng)詞或形容詞，若空格處能與之構(gòu)成固定搭配，且空格后的成分又作賓語(yǔ)，那么空格處一般填介詞。(如題4,5,7,9)
1．表示方位的介詞
We walked acrss① the beach，thrugh② the wds and finally came t③ the huse which was under④the big tree marked in⑤ the map.After stepping int⑥ the huse，we fund a small black table，ver⑦ which was a lamp.Then we lked arund⑧，nly t find nthing.My friend fund smething special—an empty bx.Beneath⑨ it was a nte saying，“Stand beside⑩ the windw and lk ut f? it.” Frm? the windw we saw anther huse beynd? a small hill.
2．表示時(shí)間的介詞
It happened n① a Saturday mrning in② Nvember,2015.My parents left hme at③ 6∶00 am t meet my uncle at the airprt and tld me they wuld cme back in④ tw hurs.Hwever，it wasn’t lng befre⑤ smene kncked at the dr，and I lked thrugh the peep hle and saw a stranger.I quickly lcked the dr frm the inside，and didn’t pen it until⑥ my parents came back.During⑦ the tw hurs，the stranger always tried t tell me smething but I wuldn’t listen t him.On seeing my parents，the stranger said，“I have been waiting ut f the dr fr⑧ tw hurs since 6∶10 am.” Why had my uncle changed s much ver⑨ the years?
3．表示原因的介詞
Jhn was punished fr① cheating in the exam.His father was angry at/ver② it and he trembled with③ anger because f④Jhn’s bad behaviur.
4．其他重要介詞
Between① the tw pinins，I am fr② the first ne but against③ the secnd ne.By④wearing schl unifrms，students can be treated equally by④ thers despite⑤ the different ecnmic backgrunds amng⑥ them.Besides⑦，the price is within⑧ students’ reach.Mst students except⑨ a minrity f them say schl unifrms are gd except fr⑩ the fact that they are nt fashinable.
其他?？嫉慕樵~
3．介詞在固定搭配中的考查
介詞在固定搭配中的考查主要有以下幾種形式：
(1)介詞與名詞的搭配
(2)介詞與形容詞的搭配
(3)介詞與動(dòng)詞的搭配
隨堂練習(xí)
1.Favrable plicies are effect t encurage emplyees’ prfessinal develpment.
2.—Gd mrning, Mr. Lee’s ffice.
—Gd mrning. I’d like t make an appintment next Wednesday afternn.
3.Bb thught he culdn’t g t the party because he had t write a reprt, but he went all.
4.China’s sft pwer grws in line the increasing appreciatin and understanding f China glbally.
5.When yu drive thrugh the Redwd Frests in Califrnia, yu will be trees that are ver 1,000 years ld.
6.We ffer an excellent educatin t ur students. return, we expect students t wrk hard.
7.Determining where we are in relatin ur surrundings remains an essential skill fr ur survival.
8.The study suggests that the cultures we grw up influence the basic prcesses by which we see the wrld arund us.
9.Mst peple wrk because it’s unavidable. cntrast,there are sme peple wh actually enjy wrk.
10.These cmments came in respnse specific questins ften asked by lcal newsmen.
11.Have yu ever heard f the trees that are hme animals bth n land and sea?
12.Last year was the warmest year n recrd,with glbal temperature 0.68℃ the average.
13.They believe that there are transprt develpments the crner that will bring a lt f changes fr the better.
14.Human life is regarded as part f nature and,as such,the nly way fr us t survive is t live in harmny nature.
15.This meeting rm is a nn-smking area.I wuld like t warn yu advance that if yu smked here yu wuld be fined.
16.The little pupil tk his grandma the arm and walked her acrss the street.
【答案】
隨堂練習(xí)
一
My name is Wil Wheatn—and I am a nerd(怪人). It’s awesme t be 1 nerd. When I was a little by, peple really teased me abut that and made me feel like there was 2 wrng with me fr lving strange 3 (thing). Nw that I’m 4 adult, I’m a prfessinal nerd, and 5 wrld has changed. I think we have realized that being a nerd is nt abut what yu lve but abut hw yu lve. S there’s ging t be a thing in yur life that yu lve. I dn’t knw what it’s ging t be. It might be sprts r science r reading r telling 6 (stry)— 7 desn’t matter what it is. Sme f us lve Game f Thrnes, while 8 lve Star Wars. But we all lve thse things s much that we travel 9 (thusand) f miles—which is prbably easy fr yu, but we’re still using fssil fuels, s it’s difficult t be arund peple wh lve the things that we lve the way that we lve them. That’s why being a nerd is awesme.
I want yu t wrk hard because everything wrth ding is hard. I want yu t be awesme, and I will d 10 (I)very best t leave yu a planet that yu can still live n.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
【答案】
二
In China, the histry f peple planting and using bamb can date back t as far as 7,000 years. As early as the Shang dynasty, bamb was being used in ancient 1 (peple)daily lives. 2 was used fr fd, clthing, husing, transprtatin, musical 3 (instrument)and even weapns.
The 4 (apply) f bamb in science and technlgy is thrilling. In 251 BC, Li Bing, in Sichuan, led the lcal peple in building the Dujiang Weirs, the first irrigatin netwrk in the wrld, in which bamb played 5 imprtant rle. The wrld’s ldest water pipe was als made f bamb. During 6 Han dynasty, the peple in Sichuan successfully sank a 100-metre-deep well with thick bamb rpes. This technlgy did nt spread t Eurpe until the 19th century, and it was by using the technlgy that the Americans drilled 7 first il well in Pennsylvania in 1859.
In Chinese culture, bamb is well-knwn as ne f the “fur 8 (gentleman)” in plants. T many distinguished 9 (man), bamb is a symbl f gdness and hnesty. It is always clsely related t peple f psitive spirits. Bamb culture cntributes t encuraging peple t hld n when facing tugh 10 (situatin).
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
【答案】1.peple’
三
A Chinese sng titled Yi Jian Mei entered Viral 50 f Sptify, 1 verseas mainstream music platfrm indicating 2 (ppular) n scial media platfrms, n June 15. The sng was sung by Chinese singer Fei Yu-ching 37 years ag. 3 was part f the sundtrack fr a hit TV drama.It has becme a classic pp sng amng 4 middle-aged peple.
The ppularity f the sng began with a hit TikTk vide in January, in which a Chinese man named Zhang Aiqin perfrmed the sng twirling in the snw. His unique 5 (appear) with an egg-like head caught the eye f TikTk users. Many 6 (freign) were als attracted by 7 (he) deep vice. They have psted their cvered sngs n TikTk and Twitter. Different frm the riginal sng, the current versin has been adapted fr different music styles, including hip hp.
Anther ppular activity related t the sng is t ask parents t read ut the written lyrics. Interestingly, mst parents can sing this meldy directly as part f their memry f 8 1980s.
Althugh the sng and lyrics have becme a funny meme n the Internet, sme still think that this is 9 unexpected pprtunity fr freigners t understand Chinese music and culture. Sme freign web users say that they felt inner peace and appreciated the 10 (beautiful) f Mandarin listening t the sng.
【答案】
四
Dgs are desperate fr human eye cntact. It's hard fr mst peple t resist a flash f puppy-dg eyes. Dgs split ff frm 1 (they) wlf relatives. A paper has fund that dgs' faces are structured fr cmplex 2 (expressin) in a way that 3 (wlf) aren't. There are tw muscles that wrk tgether t widen and pen a dg's eyes, causing 4 (they) t appear bigger, and bjectively cuter. But fr wlves 5 f the tw muscles was present. When dgs wrk these muscles, humans respnd mre psitively. This isn't simply 6 accidental lve stry, where the eyes f tw species just s happen t meet acrss a crwded planet. Like all the best partnerships, this ne mre likely results frm years f evlutin and grwth.
Fr a 7 (species) t change quickly, a pretty pwerful frce must be having effects n 8 . And that's where humans cme in. We cnnect clsely with animals capable f exaggerating the size and 9 (wide) f their eyes, making them lk like ur wn human 10 (baby).
【答案】'
五
Traditinal Chinese Wedding
Traditinal Chinese wedding 1 (custm) have been arund fr thusands f 2 (year). They may vary frm place t place and time t time, but have been hlding 3 imprtant psitin in the lives f Chinese peple, causing a far-reaching impact n the way the Chinese lead 4 (they) lives. The traditinal Chinese marriage usually invlves sme necessary prcedures, such as match-making, engagement, meeting the bride, and three 5 (bw). In additin, a typical Chinese wedding nwadays ges like this: when a new cuple is engaged, what fllws is a 6 (chse) f the date f their marriage.
Mst peple wuld favr a bank hliday r a special Chinese festival fr their relatives and friends t attend the wedding. Hwever, quite 7 few thers, especially 8 in the cuntryside, wuld fix a lucky date s that their marriage wuld have “Duble Happiness”. The wedding ceremny is usually hsted warmly and the wedding ceremny very ften ends with 9 unique banquet. Tasts are made t wish the new cuple lng life, everlasting lve and 10 (happy), early birth f a healthy baby and s n.
【答案】
六
Nwadays when faced 1 health r nutritin (營(yíng)養(yǎng))questins, peple prbably turn 2 the Internet 3 help. But they may get sme wrng advice nline,which is very dangerus! 4 additin, search engines shw clicking rates lking int 5 (ppular) rather 6 accuracy (準(zhǔn)確).S useful advice cannt be easy t find. It is well wrth checking whether the advice is helpful. 7 all, anyne can call themselves 8 diet expert, and even a dctr. But remember, nly fficially recgnized dctrs and dietitians (營(yíng)養(yǎng)學(xué)家)have the right t give medical 9 (suggest). S if yu are unsure, yu'd better visit a dctr. G 10 the right place, and the real answers can be fund.
【答案】1.with 2.t 3.fr 4. In 5.ppularity 6.than 7.After 8.a 9.suggestins 10.t
七
Lcal fd has several meanings. It can be used t refer 1 the fd that is grwn and sld in the same twn. 2 the ther hand,it can als mean the fd directly sld 3 the farmer t the cnsumer, rather than being prcessed. 4 either f the cases,lcal fd is as gd as grwing fd in yur wn garden.
One f the bigger advantages f ging fr lcal fd is that the fd is fresh. As it is grwn at a clse distance and sld immediately, there are n preservatives(防腐劑)added 5 it. And as the fd is fresh, it has a lnger shelf life and will last lnger in yur refrigeratr. Anther health benefit assciated 6 lcal fd is that it's mre nutritius. As the time 7 farm and table is less, the nutrients in the fd dn't get washed ff. S 8 is always beneficial t g fr lcal fd.
Mre imprtantly, yur small cntributin in buying nly lcal fd helps reduce glbal warming. As n transprtatin is required fr transprting fd, there'll be decrease 9 the use f fssil fuel. As few chemicals are used fr these prducts, the envirnment is prtected. Therefre, chsing lcal fd is really 10 gd idea.
【答案】1.t 2.On 3.by 4.In 5.t 6.with 7.between 8.it 9.in 10.a
八
Hw many hurs did yu spend reading last week? This questin has arrived in thusands f American hmes every ther year 1 1992 as part f the University f Michigan's Health and Retirement Study. 2 2016, researchers fund that peple wh identified themselves 3 regular bk readers were 23 per cent less likely t die between 2001 and 2012 than 4 wh read nly newspapers r magazines.
Yu may already be familiar 5 recent findings that suggest children wh read bks with their parents several times a week scre higher 6 intelligence tests than nn-readers. But recent research argues that reading may be just as imprtant in adulthd. When practised ver a lifetime, reading and language-acquisitin skills can supprt healthy brain functins in big ways.
What is it abut reading bks that increases ur brain pwer while reading 7 (newspaper)desn't?
First, reading a bk f any genre frces yur brain t think critically and make cnnectins frm ne chapter 8 anther, and t the utside wrld, which may prvide a greater defense 9 the wrst effects r cgnitive decay. Secnd, reading bks, especially fictin, has been shwn t increase empathy and emtinal intelligence, bth 10 which are prved t help yu live lnger.
【答案】1.since 2.In 3.as 4.thse 5.with 6.in/n 7.newspapers 8.t 9.against 10.f
不定冠詞的用法
①表示泛指“某個(gè)”。當(dāng)說(shuō)話人第一次提及某人、某物時(shí)通常用不定冠詞；在讀音以輔音音素開頭的單詞前用a，在讀音以元音音素開頭的單詞前用an。
②表示“同一”。
③表示“一”這個(gè)數(shù)量，但數(shù)的概念沒(méi)有ne強(qiáng)烈。
④表示“每一”，相當(dāng)于per。
⑤表示“一類”事物。
定冠詞的用法
①用于普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞之前。
②用于序數(shù)詞之前。
③用在世紀(jì)前或用在逢十的年代前，后者表示“在某世紀(jì)幾十年代”。
④用于江河湖海山島前。
⑤用在表示姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)名詞之前，表示“一家人”或“夫妻倆”。
⑥用在形容詞或分詞前，表示某一類人或物。
⑦摸/打/抓(等表動(dòng)作的詞)＋sb.＋介詞＋the＋身體部位。
⑧用于形容詞或副詞的最高級(jí)前。
⑨用在世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物前。
⑩表示上文已經(jīng)提到過(guò)的人或事物。
零冠詞常用的幾種情況
①表泛指的復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞前。
②表示頭銜和職務(wù)的名詞作表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)或補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)。
③表示語(yǔ)言、學(xué)科的名詞前不用冠詞。
④季節(jié)、月份、日期、星期、節(jié)假日前不用冠詞。
⑤球類運(yùn)動(dòng)、棋類游戲的名詞前不用冠詞。
⑥一日三餐前一般不加冠詞。
①為代詞的主格形式作主語(yǔ)。
②為代詞的賓格形式作賓語(yǔ)。
③為形容詞性物主代詞，放在名詞之前作定語(yǔ)。
④為反身代詞，可作賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或同位語(yǔ)。
⑤為名詞性物主代詞，后面不加名詞，可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。
①ne替代上文出現(xiàn)的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，相當(dāng)于“a/an＋單數(shù)名詞”。
②that替代上文出現(xiàn)的可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞，相當(dāng)于“the＋單數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞”。
③the ne替代特指的可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，相當(dāng)于“the＋單數(shù)名詞”。
④the nes替代上文出現(xiàn)的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，相當(dāng)于“the＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”。
⑤thse 替代上文出現(xiàn)的復(fù)數(shù)名詞(尤其是有后置定語(yǔ)時(shí))，相當(dāng)于“the＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”。
⑥nes替代上文出現(xiàn)的復(fù)數(shù)名詞。所替代名詞都是同類不同物；同類同物替代用it/them。
①all指三者或三者以上的人或物的“全部”。作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常依據(jù)所指為可數(shù)名詞還是不可數(shù)名詞而定；與nt連用表示部分否定。
②every強(qiáng)調(diào)(整體中的)每一個(gè)，只能作定語(yǔ)，修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，表示三者或三者以上中的“每一個(gè)”，與nt連用構(gòu)成部分否定。
③bth表示“兩者(都)”。作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；與nt連用表示部分否定，意為“兩者并不都……”。
④each強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體，可作代詞和形容詞，修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，指兩者或兩者以上中的“每一個(gè)”，可以與f短語(yǔ)連用。作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；作同位語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)和主語(yǔ)保持一致。
⑤nne表示“(三者及三者以上中)無(wú)一個(gè)”或“沒(méi)有一點(diǎn)兒”。后接f短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單復(fù)數(shù)皆可。
⑥neither表示“(兩者)都不”。單獨(dú)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；后接f短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單復(fù)數(shù)皆可。
①anther泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的“另一個(gè)”，代替單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。
②thers表示泛指意義，意為“其他的人或事物”，常與sme連用。
③the ther可單獨(dú)使用，特指兩者中的“另一個(gè)”或兩部分中的“另一部分”。
④特指“整體中除去一部分后剩余的全部人或事物”時(shí)用the thers。
①acrss指從較為平坦的表面穿過(guò)。
②thrugh指從立體的事物中間穿過(guò)。
③t指到某處，去某處。
④under在……下面，無(wú)接觸面。
⑤in在……里面。
⑥int到……里面。
⑦ver在……正上方?無(wú)接觸面?；n在……上面?有接觸面?
⑧arund在/向……周圍。
⑨beneath在……下面?有接觸面?
⑩beside在……旁邊。
?ut f在……外面。
?frm從……。
?beynd 在/向……較遠(yuǎn)的一邊，超出。
①n指在具體的某一天。
②in用在年/月/季節(jié)/世紀(jì)等大時(shí)間之前，或者指上/下午或晚上。
③at用在幾點(diǎn)鐘或night/nn之前。
④in也可用在表示一段時(shí)間的詞之前，表示“多久之后”。
⑤befre在……之前。
⑥until直到……時(shí)候。
⑦during在……期間。
⑧fr表示延續(xù)一段時(shí)間。
⑨ver表示“在……期間”，表延續(xù)。
①fr表示原因，后面可以加名詞(詞組)或句子。
②at/ver用在表示情緒的形容詞之后，后面加名詞(詞組)。
③with用在表示情緒的名詞之前。
④because f/wing t/due t/thanks t之后不加陳述句，加名詞(短語(yǔ))/名詞性從句。
①between表示兩者之間。
②fr表示支持。
③against表示反對(duì)。
④by表示“借助/通過(guò)……”，也可以表示“被……”。
⑤despite表示盡管，等于in spite f。
⑥amng表示在三者或三者以上中。
⑦besides表示除此之外?還?。
⑧within表示在……范圍之內(nèi)。
⑨except表示同類事物除外。
⑩except fr表示與整體陳述相對(duì)的細(xì)節(jié)修補(bǔ)。
with
(1)(表示狀態(tài))具有，帶有
(2)(表示伴隨)隨著
(3)(表示原因)由于，因?yàn)?br>(4)(表示關(guān)系)和……一起
(5)構(gòu)成with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)
against
(1)(表示態(tài)度)反對(duì)
(2)(表示對(duì)比)以……為背景
(3)(表示方位)倚靠著……
f
(1)表示“……的”
(2)“f＋n.”相當(dāng)于該名詞對(duì)應(yīng)的形容詞
fr
“fr＋時(shí)間段”表示“長(zhǎng)達(dá)……”
despite
盡管，雖然
withut
如果沒(méi)有
beynd
超出，超越

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