專題38.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)運(yùn)用（原卷版+解析版）-試卷下載-教習(xí)網(wǎng)

目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航
非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法中的重要部分，是語(yǔ)法填空和短文改錯(cuò)的必考項(xiàng)目。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞包括動(dòng)詞不定式、分詞(現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞)、動(dòng)名詞，在句子中可以作除謂語(yǔ)以外的其他成分。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常考點(diǎn)主要為：動(dòng)詞不定式的功能，現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞的用法區(qū)別及非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、省略等。該項(xiàng)內(nèi)容考查考生在具體語(yǔ)言環(huán)境中理解句子結(jié)構(gòu)、分析句子成分的能力。
(一)考點(diǎn)練悟(用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)
A study 1.________ (publish) in September suggests there is a 2.________ (surprise) way t get peple 3.________ (avid) unhealthy fds: change their memries. Scientist Elizabeth Lftus f the University f Califrnia at Irvine asked vlunteers 4.________ (answer) sme questins n their persnalities and fd experiences. “One week later” Lftus says, “5.________ (feed) the peple, we tld them t type their answers int ur smart cmputer and it came up with an accunt f their early childhd experiences.” Sme accunts included ne key additinal detail. 6.________ (tell) that they had gt sick after 7.________ (eat) strawberry ice-cream, the researchers then changed this detail int a manufactured (人為促成的) memry thrugh 8.________ (lead) questins — Wh were yu with? Hw did yu feel? By the end f the study, up t 41% f thse 9.________ (give) a false memry believed strawberry ice-cream nce made them sick, and many said they'd avid 10.________ (eat) it.
動(dòng)詞的-ing形式
Reading① is ne f Xia Meng’s hbbies.Since she was a child，she has been dreaming f becming② a writer.Last mnth，she read a bk describing③ lve between a bss and a sleeping④ beauty—a girl whse gift is slving⑤ difficult prblems in her dreams.Her clleagues ften fund her slving⑥ prblems while sleeping⑦ sundly.The bk is very interesting⑤.Xia Meng really enjys reading② the nvel and imagines slving② difficult prblems in her wn dreams.
動(dòng)詞的-ed形式
Drpped① n the grund，the cellphne’s screen was brken；thugh seen① in the distance，it still lked OK.Xia Ming had t get it repaired②.Hwever，t repair such a brken③ cellphne needed a lt f mney.Xia Ming was really wrried④.
動(dòng)詞的不定式
Xia Ming wants t play① cellphne games every day and his dream is t play② vide games fr three days and nights cntinuusly.But he has s much hmewrk t d③.In rder t have④ a chance t play③ cellphne games，Xia Ming decides t study① hard t get④a high scre.He really hpes that his father will allw him t play⑤ cellphne games every day.T btain⑥ such a chance is nt easy.
(二)快捷技法
思考趨向1 填非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)的相應(yīng)形式
提示詞是動(dòng)詞時(shí)，分析句子成分已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞且沒有連詞，則考慮填非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式。再通過分析句子成分若是缺少主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，則考慮填動(dòng)名詞或不定式；若缺少表語(yǔ)，則需要考慮填動(dòng)名詞、不定式或分詞。
[解題規(guī)則]
1．非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作主語(yǔ)
一般情況下，動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)表示一般的、抽象的或習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作；而不定式作主語(yǔ)表示一次性的或具體的動(dòng)作。若不定式、動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用it作形式主語(yǔ)，而把作真正主語(yǔ)的不定式或動(dòng)名詞后置。另外，不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)通常指將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)則表示已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。
2．非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作表語(yǔ)
動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，說明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)或特征。
不定式作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，說明主語(yǔ)尚未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，或表示將來的動(dòng)作。
1. (learn) t think critically is an imprtant skill tday’s children will need fr the future.
2.It tk him a lng time (acquire) the skills he needed t becme a gd dancer.
3. (travel)alng the ld Silk Rad is an interesting and rewarding experience.
4. (ignre) the difference between the tw research findings will be ne f the wrst mistakes yu make.
5.It is wrth (check) if the writer f an nline piece is prperly qualified as an expert.
6.She was ding well and she deserved t get (pay)mre and t receive sme extra mney fr the new year.
7.First f all, (becme)aware f what causes yur wrry will help t reduce the stress.
8.We take care f patients f all ages. There is n type f injury, medical, r surgical cnditin that we are nt (equip) t care fr.
9.They ften seem (dislike) being questined.
3．非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ)
(1)不定式作賓語(yǔ)
下列動(dòng)詞只能用不定式作賓語(yǔ)，請(qǐng)牢記下面的口訣。
此外，affrd, strive, happen, wait, threaten等也要用不定式作賓語(yǔ)。
(2)動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)
①下列動(dòng)詞(詞組)常接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)
②下列短語(yǔ)常接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)
be used/accustmed t, lead t, devte t, g back t, stick t, bject t, get dwn t, pay attentin t, can't stand (無法忍受), give up, feel like, insist n, thank yu fr, aplgize fr, be busy(in), have difficulty/truble(in), have a gd/wnderful/hard time(in), spend time(in)。
(3)另外，有些動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)后面接不定式與接動(dòng)名詞意義不同
eq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\c1(g n ding sth.繼續(xù)做同一件事,g n t d sth. ?做完某事后?繼續(xù)做另一件事))
eq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\c1(stp ding sth.停止做某事,stp t d sth.停下來去做另一件事))
eq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\c1(try ding sth.試著做某事,try t d sth.盡力做某事?但不一定成功?，努力地做某事))
eq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\c1(mean ding sth.意味著做某事,mean t d sth.打算做某事))
eq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\c1(can't help ding sth.禁不住做某事,can't help t d sth.不能幫忙做某事))
eq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\c1(regret ding sth.對(duì)已做的事表示后悔,regret t d sth.對(duì)要做的事表示遺憾))
1.I didn’t mean (eat)anything but the ice cream lked s gd that I culdn’t help trying it.
2.A quick review f successes and failures at the end f year will help (shape) yur year ahead.
3.I had as much fun sailing the seas as I nw d (wrk)with students.
4.Have yu ever failed (start) yur jurney fr the reasn f time and mney?
5.The by kept (ride). He was carrying smething ver his shulder and shuting.
6.Many f them even ludly blamed the king fr nt keeping the rads clear, but nne f them wuld bther (get) the big stne ut f the way.
7.Nw, it nt nly devtes itself t (sell) bks, but cmbines the functins f the bkstre, café and sale f the creative cultural prducts.
8.But if yu d find it difficult (fall) asleep r stay asleep at night, then yu shuld avid naps and try t build up that healthy sleepiness in the evening.
思考趨向2 填非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)的相應(yīng)形式
提示詞為動(dòng)詞，通過分析確定填非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，若所填非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞修飾某個(gè)名詞或代詞時(shí)，則需要考慮所填詞作定語(yǔ)。此時(shí)需要考慮動(dòng)名詞、不定式和分詞。
[解題規(guī)則]
表示被動(dòng)、完成用過去分詞(dne)；表示主動(dòng)、進(jìn)行用現(xiàn)在分詞(ding)；表示被動(dòng)、進(jìn)行用being dne；表示被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作尚未進(jìn)行用t be dne。
點(diǎn)津：表示心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞-ing形式，意為“令人……的”；動(dòng)詞-ed形式，意為“(人)感到……的”，也可修飾體現(xiàn)內(nèi)心感受的lk, expressin, tears, smile, vice等名詞。
1.Mst clleges nw ffer first-year students a curse specially (design)t help them succeed academically and persnally.
2.I was watching the clck all thrugh the meeting,as I had a train (catch).
3.Jim has retired, but he still remembers the happy time (spend) with his students.
4.T return t the prblem f water pllutin, I’d like yu t lk at a study (cnduct)in Australia in 2012.
5.In art criticism, yu must assume the artist has a secret message (hide)within the wrk.
6.The park was full f peple, (enjy) themselves in the sunshine.
7.Emperr Qinshihuang made the seven majr states int ne (unite) cuntry where the Chinese writing system began t develp in ne directin.
8.The wrkers ften wrked 17 hurs a day and had n time (learn) English.
9.It targets highly educated readers and claims an audience (cntain)many influential executives and plicy-makers.
10.Cha,better (knw) by his pen name Jin Yng, died n Tuesday at the Hng Kng Sanatrium & Hspital at age 94.
11.Designated a “City f Design” by UNESCO in 2008, Shenzhen was the first city in China (present) an fficial strategy arund creative develpment.
12.She was lucky because her heater wrked and she culd pay her (heat) bills.
思考趨向3 填非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的相應(yīng)形式
提示詞為動(dòng)詞，通過分析確定填非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，若所填非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞對(duì)句子賓語(yǔ)起到補(bǔ)充說明的作用，則需要考慮所填詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。此時(shí)需要考慮分詞和不定式。
[解題規(guī)則]
1．不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)
常用不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞：advise, allw, appint, believe, cause, challenge, cmmand, cmpel, cnsider, declare, drive, enable, encurage, frbid, frce, hire, instruct, invite, judge, knw, like, rder, permit等。
2．現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)
常用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的詞語(yǔ)：feel, find, hear, ntice, bserve, see, watch, listen t, lk at, get, have, keep, leave, send, set等。
特別提醒：使役動(dòng)詞get, have既可以用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，也可以用不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。get sb.t d sth./have sb.d sth.表示“使/讓某人去做某事”；have sb./sth.ding表示“使/讓某人/物一直做某事”，側(cè)重動(dòng)作的持續(xù)進(jìn)行；get sb./sth.ding表示“使某人/物開始行動(dòng)起來”，側(cè)重動(dòng)作的開始。
3．過去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)
常用過去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞：have, make, get, find, see, ntice, watch, hear, feel, want, like等。
思考趨向4 填非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)的相應(yīng)形式
提示詞為動(dòng)詞，通過分析確定填非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，若所填非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在句子中不作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)，則需要考慮所填詞作狀語(yǔ)。此時(shí)只需考慮分詞和不定式即可。
1.China’s image is imprving steadily, with mre cuntries (recgnize) its rle in internatinal affairs.
2.I need a new passprt s I will have t have my phtgraph (take).
3.Back frm his tw-year medical service in Africa,Dr.Lee was very happy t see his mther (take) gd care f at hme.
4.Listening t music at hme is ne thing,ging t hear it (perfrm) live is quite anther.
5.One day, he had a huge rck (place) n a radway at night.
6.After drinking a cup f tea, she fund herself cmpletely (refresh), and she even praised it as a cure fr all ills.
7.Appraches t learning Chinese vary frm persn t persn, with mre and mre peple (chse) university curses in Russia.
8.Sme students will feel a grwing sense f fear with the exam seasn (apprach)while thers may appear fairly calm.
9.Mdern adverts began t appear in the 18th and 19th centuries, since advances in printing techniques allwed mre detailed images (prduce) in newspapers and magazines.
10.He watched a spider (make) a web.
[解題規(guī)則]
1．分詞作狀語(yǔ)
分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)是句子的主語(yǔ)，一般在句中作時(shí)間、原因、方式、條件、伴隨等狀語(yǔ)。
(1)現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，分詞表示的動(dòng)作是由句子主語(yǔ)執(zhí)行的，它們之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系。現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式即having dne表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前。
(2)過去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，分詞表示的動(dòng)作是句子主語(yǔ)承受的動(dòng)作，它們之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。
(3)某些動(dòng)詞的過去分詞已經(jīng)形容詞化，此時(shí)這些過去分詞表示一種狀態(tài)。這樣的詞(短語(yǔ))有：lst(迷路的), seated(坐), lst/absrbed in(沉溺于), dressed in(穿著), tired f(感到厭煩), faced with(面對(duì))等。
2．不定式作狀語(yǔ)
不定式作狀語(yǔ)主要用來表示目的，有時(shí)也可以表示結(jié)果、原因等。不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，常位于句首或句中，形式上可用in rder t, s as t等來替換，但s as t不能置于句首。
1. (enjy)the cnvenience f digital payment, many senir citizens started t use smart phnes.
2.A city is the prduct f the human hand and mind, (reflect)man’s intelligence and creativity.
3.During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members ften gather tgether (share) a meal, admire the mn and enjy mn cakes.
4.Ordinary sap, (use)crrectly, can deal with bacteria effectively.
5.Arund 13,500 new jbs were created during the perid, (exceed) the expected number f 12,000 held by market analysts.
6.Many airlines nw allw passengers t print their barding passes nline (save) their valuable time.
7.The hspital has recently btained new medical equipment, (allw) mre patients t be treated.
8. (make)it easier t get in tuch with us, yu’d better keep this card at hand.
9. (rder)ver a week ag, the bks are expected t arrive any time nw.
10.Newly-built wden cttages line the street, (turn)the ld twn int a dreamland.
11.The cling wind swept thrugh ur bedrm windws, (make)air cnditining unnecessary.
12.Much time (spend)sitting at a desk,ffice wrkers are generally trubled by health prblems.
13. (absrb)in painting,Jhn didn’t ntice evening appraching.
14. (wrk)fr tw days,Steve managed t finish his reprt n schedule.
15. (learn) mre abut Chinese culture,Jack has decided t take Chinese flk music as an elective curse.
16.When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in an aplgetic smile,she std rted t the grund, (wnder) whether t stay r leave.
17.Like ancient sailrs,birds can find their way (use) the sun and the stars.
隨堂練習(xí)
一
Nwadays, mre and mre Chinese are aware f fd waste issues. Even yung peple tend 1 (take) hme their leftvers when 2 (dine) ut, mst f whm wuld pack the dish in a dggie bag if the leftvers are still in gd shape and there are als a lt left, accrding t the survey 3 (cnduct) by China Yuth Daily. The peple 4 (bear) in the 1980s r 1990s believe that 5 (save) fd is a virtue.
Yung peple als gave their pinins n hw 6 (help) reduce fd waste. Sme advised restaurants 7 (ffer) the serving chpsticks, which wuld be helpful fr custmers 8 (pack) the leftvers. Others said it might be useful t prmte smaller r half-prtin dishes. Anther gd suggestin is that catering businesses give away cupns (優(yōu)惠券) t custmers wh clear their plates at dinner.
China launched a campaign against fd waste in 2013 and renewed the call early this year 9 (create)an increasingly prsperus sciety. We can all play a part in 10 (reach) the natinal fd waste reductin gal—t reduce fd waste by 50% in the next 10 years.
1.t take 2.dining 3.cnducted 4.brn 5.saving 6.t help 7.t ffer 8.t pack 9.t create 10.reaching
二
The stry happened in ancient times. A king was s clever that he thught f a gd way 1 (test) whether his men were reliable.
One day, he had a huge rck 2 (place) n a radway at night. Then he hid himself nearby and watched carefully t see if anyne wuld remve the big rck. Sme wealthy businessmen and high fficials came by, but they simply walked arund it. Many f them even ludly blamed the king fr nt 3 (keep) the rads clear, but nne f them wuld bther 4 (get) the big stne ut f the way.
Then a villager came alng 5 (carry) a lad f vegetables. On appraching the big rck, he stpped and laid dwn his burden, 6 (try) hard t mve the stne t the side f the rad. After 7 (push) many times, he finally succeeded. As the villager picked up his lad f vegetables, he nticed a purse 8 (lie) in the rad where the rck had been. The purse cntained many gld cins and a nte frm the king, 9 (say) that the gld was fr the persn wh remved the huge rck frm the rad.
The villager learned a valuable lessn that many thers wuld never understand: Every bstacle presents an pprtunity 10 (imprve) ne's cnditin.
三
Whether they're playing n TV screens r printed in newspapers, adverts are everywhere. Actually, it is quite nrmal fr the average persn 1 (live) in a city 2 (see) thusands f ads every single day. Hwever, ads are nt just a tl fr getting peple 3 (buy)things; they als serve as a windw int cultures, scieties and histry.
Mdern adverts began t appear in 4 18th and 19th centuries, since advances in printing techniques allwed mre detailed images 5 (prduce) in newspapers and magazines.
Lking at sme f these early ads is like 6 (take) a step back in time t anther wrld. Fr example, an 1881 advert fr French cigarettes prmised that its prduct wuld “give immediate relief” t a list f medical cnditins, including 7 (breathe) prblems. And a 1955 US ad advised mthers 8 (mix) the sugary sft drink 7-Up with their baby's milk.
Nwadays, f curse, the harmful effects f bth smking and sugary drinks have been well knwn. Althugh these adverts seem unusual t us nw, perhaps future generatins may cnsider sme f tday's ads 9 (be) just as strange. It 10 (believe) that advertising can ften be an indicatr fr what sciety cnsiders t be scially acceptable and desirable at the time.
四
The truth that trees are vital t ur life is nt a secret. They prvide us with fd, wd and mst imprtantly, xygen. Nw there is ne mre thing we can add t this list— 1 (blck)ut harmful bacteria frm water.
The discvery was made by a team 2 (cnsist) f scientists frm the Massachusetts Institute f Technlgy (MIT) and high schl students wh were seeking a natural water filter—ne that wuld help cmmunities in 3 (develp) cuntries that d nt have access t mdern water filter systems.
The researchers, 4 (lead) by Prfessr Rhit Karnik, decided 5 (turn) t trees fr help because they culd allw liquid 6 (flw) thrugh, while blcking ut air bubbles.
They began by 7 (cut) 1.5-inch-wide sectins f tree bark frm the branches f a white pine tree. The peple 8 (relate) then tested the wd’s filtering ability by puring water 9 (cntain) red dye particles f different sizes thrugh. T their amazement, they fund that it was effective in trapping all the articles. 10 (encurage), the team cnducted anther experiment, this time with water that cntained bacteria. Sure enugh, the sapwd held back 99% f the bacteria, allwing nly 1% t flw thrugh.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
五
In the summer f 1848, in Guatemala, a man 1 (call) Ambrsi Tut went int the jungle, as he did almst every day. Tut was a gum-cllectr(樹膠采集者), 2 (lk) fr gum in the jungle. 3 (d) this, he had t climb the trees. On his particular day, he gt t the tp f ne tree and smething caught his eye. He lked ut acrss the trees and saw the tps f sme ld buildings.
Tut didn’t really knw what he had seen but he knew it was smething special. He ran 4 (tell) the lcal gvernr, and tgether they 5 (walk)int the jungle. There they fund Tikal(蒂卡爾),a city that the Mayans (瑪雅人) 6 (build) many hundreds f years befre. The tw men saw temples and pyramids, squares and huses, and places where kings had lived when the Mayan peple ruled the regin.
Fr a lng time befre that day, lcal peple had knwn that smewhere in the jungle there was an ld Mayan city, but n ne had seen it fr centuries. Between 200 and 900 AD, the city f Tikal had been the center f Mayan civilizatin in the regin, but then the Mayans left there and nbdy knws why! After 1000 AD, the jungle began 7 (cver) it and peple frgt that it was there.
Seven years befre Tut lked ut fr the trees, tw British explrers had gne t Guatemala and had written a reprt abut Mayan treasures in the jungle, but they didn’t mentin Tikal. Even earlier than this, lcal Indians had tld Eurpean travelers abut a great city 8 (hide) in the trees, but n ne wuld listen t them. Nw the 9 (lse) city had been fund again, and archaelgists went there immediately 10 (see) it.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
動(dòng)詞的-ing形式在句子中作什么成分
①作主語(yǔ)
②作賓語(yǔ)
③作后置定語(yǔ)
④作前置定語(yǔ)
⑤作表語(yǔ)
⑥作賓補(bǔ)
⑦作狀語(yǔ)
動(dòng)詞的過去分詞形式在句子中作什么成分
①作狀語(yǔ)
②作賓補(bǔ)
③作定語(yǔ)
④作表語(yǔ)
動(dòng)詞的不定式形式在句子中作什么成分
①作賓語(yǔ)
②作表語(yǔ)
③作定語(yǔ)
④作狀語(yǔ)
⑤作賓補(bǔ)
⑥作主語(yǔ)
口訣
決心學(xué)會(huì)想希望，拒絕設(shè)法愿假裝。
主動(dòng)答應(yīng)選計(jì)劃，同意請(qǐng)求幫一幫。
decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hpe/wish; refuse, manage, care, pretend; ffer, prmise, chse, plan; agree, ask/beg, help
口訣
考慮建議盼原諒，承認(rèn)推遲沒得想。
避免錯(cuò)過繼續(xù)練，否認(rèn)完成就欣賞。
禁止想象才冒險(xiǎn)，不禁介意準(zhǔn)逃亡。
cnsider, suggest/advise, lk frward t, excuse/pardn; admit, delay/put ff, fancy(想象，設(shè)想); avid, miss, keep/keep n, practice; deny, finish, enjy/appreciate; frbid, imagine, risk; can't help(禁不住), mind, allw/permit, escape

相關(guān)試卷

相關(guān)試卷更多

相關(guān)試卷

相關(guān)試卷 更多

相關(guān)試卷更多