專題43.并列句和狀語從句考點運用（原卷版+解析版）-試卷下載-教習(xí)網(wǎng)

目標導(dǎo)航
一、明備考方向
并列句
(一) 并列連詞
①They cme frm the same cuntry，and they are gd friends.
②I was glad t meet Jenny again, but I didn't want t spend all day with her.(2013·新課標卷Ⅱ)
③It must have rained last night, fr it is wet all ver.
④Yesterday, I frgt t pick my daughter up, s she waited in the kindergarten fr nearly tw hurs.
⑤Wuld yu like t leave r wuld yu like t stay?
規(guī)律總結(jié)：
1．表示并列、順承關(guān)系的并列連詞有and。
2. 表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系常用的并列連詞有but, yet(然而), whereas(然而，但是), while(然而)等。
3．表示因果關(guān)系的并列連詞有fr, s等。
4．表示選擇關(guān)系常用的并列連詞有r, either ... r ..., nt ... but, neither ... nr ...等。
(二) 祈使句＋and/r/therwise句式
①Wrk hard and yu will succeed.
＝If yu wrk hard, yu will succeed.
②Hurry up r we will be late.
＝If yu dn't hurry up, we will be late.
③A few mre effrts and yu will succeed.
＝If yu make a few mre effrts, yu will succeed.
規(guī)律總結(jié)：
1．祈使句＋and＋陳述句＝If ...，＋主句。
2．祈使句＋r/therwise＋陳述句＝If ... nt ...，＋主句。
狀語從句
英語中狀語從句總共有九類，分別用來表示時間、地點、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、方式、比較、讓步等。狀語從句是較復(fù)雜的語法項目，但是理解起來并不難。從本質(zhì)上講，狀語從句就是利用不同的關(guān)聯(lián)詞語將幾個分句連接起來，以表達分句之間的特定邏輯關(guān)系。例如：
①I have brught an umbrella because it is raining.(原因)
②I have brught an umbrella in case it rains.(目的)
③I have brught an umbrellas that I dn’t get wet.(結(jié)果)
④I have brught an umbrella even thugh it’s nt raining.(讓步)
= 5 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ⑤Yu dn’t need bring an umbrellaunless it is raining.(條件)
因此，學(xué)習(xí)狀語從句的關(guān)鍵是掌握引導(dǎo)九類狀語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞，只要能記住關(guān)聯(lián)詞，一般都能識別是哪種狀語從句，從而正確分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)并理解句子意思。
下面分別對九大類別的狀語從句進行舉例說明：
（一）時間狀語從句
時間狀語從句表示時間。
引導(dǎo)時間的狀語從句的常用引導(dǎo)詞有：when, as, while, as sn as, while, befre, after, since , till, until 等。
特殊引導(dǎo)詞有：the minute, the mment, the secnd, every time, the day，the instant, immediately , directly, n sner … than, hardly … when, scarcely … when 等。
1.when/while/as/whenever
①When I went int the ffice, the teachers were having a meeting.
②While I was ding my hmewrk, they came in.
③As time ges by, it's getting warmer and warmer.
④When/While/As I was walking dwn the street, I came acrss an ld friend f mine.
= 5 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ⑤We shall g there whenever we are free.
規(guī)律總結(jié)：
(1)when既可引導(dǎo)一個持續(xù)動作，也可引導(dǎo)一個短暫動作，可用于主句和從句動作同時發(fā)生或從句動作先于主句動作。
(2)從屬連詞while引導(dǎo)的動作必須是持續(xù)性的，側(cè)重主句動作和從句動作相對比。
(3)從屬連詞as可表示從句和主句的兩個動作交替進行或同時完成，可譯為“一邊……(，一邊……)”或“隨著……”。
(4)如果主句表示的是短暫性動作，而從句用延續(xù)性動詞的進行時態(tài)表示在一段時間內(nèi)正在進行的動作，此時when, while與as可互換使用。
(5)whenever是when的強勢語，它描述的不是一次性動作，而是經(jīng)常發(fā)生的習(xí)慣性動作，翻譯成“無論何時”。
2.when的特殊用法
①He was abut t g t bed when the drbell rang.
②They were watching the Wrld Cup when suddenly the lights went ut.
③They had just arrived hme when it began t rain.
規(guī)律總結(jié)：
when引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，意為“正在這時”，表示某件事正要發(fā)生、正在發(fā)生或剛剛發(fā)生時，突然發(fā)生另一動作。常見句型有：
①was/were abut t d sth. when...
=was/were n the pint f ding sth. when...
②was/were ding sth. when...
③had (just) dne sth. when...
3．表示“剛……就……，一……就……”的常用表達
①The mment I heard the vice, I knew father was cming
②The by burst int tears immediately he saw his mther.
③He had n sner finished his speech than the students started cheering.
＝N sner had he finished his speech than the students started cheering.
④I had hardly gt t the ffice when my wife phned me t g back hme at nce.
=Hardly had I gt t the ffice when my wife phned me t g back hme at nce.
= 5 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ⑤Once yu see him, yu will never frget him.
規(guī)律總結(jié)：
(1)as sn as, immediately, directly, instantly, the mment, the minute, the instant, n sner ... than ..., hardly/scarcely ... when ...和nce這些從屬連詞引導(dǎo)的從句都表示從句的動作一發(fā)生，主句的動作隨即就發(fā)生，常譯為“一……就……”。
(2)n sner ... than ...，hardly/scarcely ... when ...的時態(tài)搭配：n sner與hardly/scarcely后的句子謂語動詞應(yīng)用過去完成時，而than與when引導(dǎo)的句子謂語動詞應(yīng)用一般過去時。此外，當(dāng)把n sner和hardly/scarcely提到句首時，應(yīng)用倒裝語序?！咀⒁狻俊耙弧汀边€可用n /upn ding 結(jié)構(gòu)來表示。
On arriving hme he called up Lester.=As sn as he arrived hme, he called up Lester.
4．befre與since
①Yu must learn t cnsult yur feelings and yur reasn befre yu reach any decisin.(2013·湖南高考)
②It will be five years befre we meet again.
③Jhn thinks it wn't be lng befre he is ready fr his new jb.(陜西高考)
④It was several years befre I realized that David had lied t me.
= 5 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ⑤It was nt lng befre I realized I was wrng.
= 6 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ⑥As is reprted, it is 100 years since Qinghua University was funded.(2011·四川高考)
規(guī)律總結(jié)：
(1)befre表示“還未……就……；不到……就……；……才……；趁……；還沒來得及……就……，在……之前”。
(2)It will be＋時間段＋befre +一般現(xiàn)在時?！耙^多久才……”
(3)It wn't be lng befre +一般現(xiàn)在時?！安痪弥缶蜁?。
(4)It was＋時間段＋befre+一般過去時?！斑^了多久才……”。
(5)It wasn’t lng befre+一般過去時?！皼]過多久就……”
(6)It is＋一段時間＋since ...“自從……多久了”。
5．表示“每次；下一次……”的常用表達
①Every/Each time I was in truble, he wuld cme t help me ut.
②Next time yu cme, d remember t bring yur sn here.
③The last time she saw James, he was lying in bed.
規(guī)律總結(jié)：
every time, each time, next time, the last time, any time等名詞短語用來引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，表示“每當(dāng)……；每次……；下次……”等。
6．till, until和nt ... until
①Have yu heard the meeting will be put ff till/until next Tuesday?
②I wn nt tell the student the answer t the math prblem until he has been wrking n it fr mre than an hur.
規(guī)律總結(jié)：
(1)until或till表示“某動作一直延續(xù)到某時間點才停止”，此時主句謂語動詞是延續(xù)性動詞，主、從句都為肯定式。這兩個詞可以換用，但till不可以置于句首，而until可以。
(2)nt ... until表示“某動作直到某時間才開始”，主句謂語動詞是非延續(xù)性動詞，從句為肯定式。
（二）地點狀語從句
地點狀語從句表示地點、方位。
引導(dǎo)地點狀語從句的常用的引導(dǎo)詞是where ；
特殊引導(dǎo)詞有：wherever。例如：
①Make a mark where yu have a questin.
②Where there is a will, there is a way.
③Where there is water there is life.
④Generally speaking, air will be heavily plluted where there are factries.
= 5 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ⑤Yu are free t g wherever yu like.
= 6 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ⑥Wherever yu g, yu must bey the law.
= 7 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ⑦Wherever yu g, yu shuld wrk hard.
= 8 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ⑧Sit wherever yu like.
規(guī)律總結(jié)：
(1)地點狀語從句通常由連詞where和wherever引導(dǎo)，從句可位于主句之前，也可位于主句之后。
(2)地點狀語從句在句首時常兼有抽象條件意味。
（三）原因狀語從句
原因狀語從句表示原因或理由。
引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的常用引導(dǎo)詞有：because, since, as , fr,nw (that)等。
特殊引導(dǎo)詞有：seeing(that), in (that), cnsidering (that)等。例如：
①He is disappinted because he didn't get the psitin.
②As it is raining, I will nt g ut.
③As he didn’t knw much English, he lked up the wrd in the dictinary .
④Since everyne is here, let’s begin ur meeting.
= 5 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ⑤Nw that yu mentin it, I d remember.
= 6 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ⑥Nw (that) the weather has cleared up, we can start ur jurney.
= 7 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ⑦Seeing (that) he was badly ill, we sent fr the dctr.
= 8 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ⑧Cnsidering that they are just beginners, they are ding quite gd jb.
（四）目的狀語從句
目的狀語從句用來說明主句中謂語動詞發(fā)生的目的。目的狀語從句的謂語常含有may, might, can, culd, shuld, wuld等情態(tài)動詞。
引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞或詞組有：that,s that, in rder that
特殊引導(dǎo)詞有：lest, in case, fr fear that,in the hpe that, fr the purpse that例如：
①Speak clearly, s that they may understand yu.
②She has bught the bk in rder that she culd fllw the TV lessns.
③They wrked harder than usual in rder that they culd finish the wrk ahead f time .
④He left early in case he shuld miss the train.
= 5 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ⑤Put n mre clthes lest (= fr fear that ) yu shuld catch cld.
（五）結(jié)果狀語從句
結(jié)果狀語從句表示事態(tài)結(jié)果，通常主句是原因，從句是結(jié)果。
引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句的常用引導(dǎo)詞有：s,that,s that,s … that, such … that。例如：
①She was ill, s that she didn’t attend the meeting.
②He was s excited that he culd nt say a wrd.
③She is such a gd teacher that everyne admires her.
④He gave such imprtant reasns that he was excused.
= 5 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ⑤It is such an interesting nvel that all f us want t read it.
= 6 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ⑥It is s interesting a nvel that all f us want t read it.
【注意】如此……以致……。其引導(dǎo)的果狀語從句有如下四種結(jié)構(gòu)：
1．s + 形容詞副詞 + that從句
①The village is s small that it cannt be shwn in the map.
②The wind was s strng that we culd hardly mve frward.
2．s + 形容詞 + a/ an + 單數(shù)名詞 + that從句
①It was s ht a day that they all went swimming.
②He made s inspiring a speech that everybdy gt excited.
3．s + many/few +復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+ that從句
①I have had s many falls that I am black and blue all ver.
②He has s few friend that he ften feels lnely.
4．s + much/little +不可數(shù)名詞 + that從句
①I had s little mney then that I culdn't even affrd a used car.
②He drank s much wine last night that he felt terrible.
【注意】如此……以致……。其引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果語從句有如下四種結(jié)構(gòu)：
1．such + a/an + 形容詞 + 單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 + that從句
①Jenny is such a clever girl that all f us like her very much.
②We left in such a hurry that we frgt t lck the dr.
2．such + 形容詞 +復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+ that從句
①He gave such imprtant reasns that he was excused.
②They are such interesting nvels that all f us want t read them.
3．such + 形容詞 + 不可數(shù)名詞 + that從句
①He made such rapid prgress that the teacher praised him.
②He shut the windw with such frce that the glass brke.
提示：such+ a /an+形容詞+單數(shù)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)可以和s +形容詞+a an+單數(shù)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)互換。
He tld us such a funny stry that we all laughed.
=He tld us s funny a stry that we all laughed.
=The stry he tld us was s funny that we all laughed.
【區(qū)別】such/ s……that……引導(dǎo)的狀語從句和such/ s……as……引導(dǎo)的定語從句。
①He is such a clever by that we everyne likes him. (狀語從句)
②He is s clever a by that we everyne likes him (狀語從句)
③She had such a fright that she fainted. (狀語從句)
④He is s clever a by as everyne likes. ( 定語從句)
= 5 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ⑤He is such a clever by as everyne likes. ( 定語從句)
= 6 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ⑥Luckily such earthquakes as can cause a lt f damage dn’t happen very ften.（定語從句）
（六）條件狀語從句
條件狀語從句分真實性（有可能實現(xiàn)的事情）與非真實性（條件與事實相反或者在說話者看來不大可能實現(xiàn)的事情）條件句。
引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的常用引導(dǎo)詞有：if, unless
特殊引導(dǎo)詞有：as/s lng as, nly if, prviding/prvided that, suppse/suppsing that, in case that, n cnditin that，s (as) far as, if nly ( = if )。
注意：條件從句中的if 不能用whether替換。例如：
①If he is nt in the ffice, he must be ut fr lunch.
②Yu may brrw the bk s lng as yu keep it clean.
③S far as I knw, he will be away fr three mnths.
④Yu can g swimming n cnditin that ( = if ) yu dn’t g t far away frm the river bank.
= 5 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ⑤If he had cme a few minutes earlier, he culd have seen her.
A .if真實條件句
真實條件句表示的假設(shè)是可能發(fā)生或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的，主句和從句的謂語動詞都要用陳述語氣。
①If he desn't cme at 8, we wn't wait fr him.
②If a fld happened in the past, there was usually a great lss f life and prperty.
B．if非真實條件句
在含有非真實條件句的復(fù)合句中，假設(shè)的情況是不存在的或不大可能發(fā)生的，主句和從句的謂語動詞都要用虛擬語氣。（本部分詳見語法專題九：虛擬語氣）
（七）讓步狀語從句
讓步狀語從句表示讓步關(guān)系。
引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句常用的引導(dǎo)詞有：thugh, althugh, even if, even thugh
特殊引導(dǎo)詞有：as(用在讓步狀語從句中必須要倒裝)，while (一般用在句首 )，in spite f the fact that, (nt) , n matter+特殊疑問詞,whatever, whever, wherever, whenever, hwever, whichever等.例如：
①Althugh he is a child, he knws a lt.
②Child as/thugh he is, he knws a lt.
③Althugh (Thugh) he was ver sixty, he began t learn French.
④I’ll g t wrk even if (thugh) it rains tmrrw.
= 5 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ⑤Whether yu believe it r nt, it's true.
= 6 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ⑥Whatever yu say, I’ll never change my mind.
= 7 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ⑦Whatever happens / may happen , we shall nt lse heart.
= 8 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ⑧N matter wh helps me ,I shall be very grateful.
= 9 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ⑨N matter hw busy he was, he studied English every day.
（八）方式狀語從句
方式狀語從句表示動作的方式。
引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞有：as, as if (thugh)等。例如：
①Yu must d the exercise as I shw yu.
②D as yu are tld.
③She lks as if she is ill.
④They treat the black by as if (thugh) he were an animal.
= 5 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ⑤He acted as if (thugh) nthing had happened.
規(guī)律總結(jié)：
as if或as thugh引導(dǎo)的從句一般用虛擬語氣，但如果從句中所陳述的情況很可能實現(xiàn)，用陳述語氣。
（九）比較狀語從句
比較狀語從句表示比較關(guān)系。
引導(dǎo)比較狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞有：than, s (as) … as, the mre … the mre等。例如：
①I have made a lt mre mistakes than yu have.
②She has made greater prgress this year than she did last year.
③He smkes cigarettes as expensive as he can affrd.
④Mary is as ld as my sister.
= 5 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ⑤The mre yu read, the better yu understand.
= If yu read mre, yu will understand better.
= 6 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ⑥The mre tickets yu sell, the mre mney yu will get.
= 7 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ⑦The harder yu wrk, the greater prgress yu will make.
= 8 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ⑧The sner, the better.
= 9 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ⑨The busier he is, the happier he feels.
= 10 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ⑩The mre difficult the questins are, the less likely I am t be able t answer them.
（十）使用狀語從句時要注意的幾個問題
1、在時間和條件（有時在方式、讓步等）從句中，主句是一般將來時，從句通常用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來。例如：
①We’ll g uting if it desn’t rain tmrrw.
②I’ll write t yu as sn as I get t Shanghai.
2、有些時間、地點、條件、方式或讓步從句，如果從句的主語與主句主語一致（或雖不一致，是it），從句的謂語又包含動詞be ，就可省略從句中的“主語 + be”部分。例如：
① When (he was) still a by f ten, he had t wrk day and night.
②If (yu are) asked yu may cme in.
③If (it is) necessary I’ll explain t yu again.
④Dn’t speak until (yu are)spken t.
= 5 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ⑤Pressure can be increased when (it is)needed.
= 6 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ⑥Unless (it is) repaired, the washing machine is n use.
= 7 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ⑦Lk ut while (yu are) crssing the street.
3、注意區(qū)分不同從句：引導(dǎo)的是什么從句，不僅要根據(jù)連詞，還要根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和句意來判別。以where為例，能引導(dǎo)多種從句。例如：
①Yu are t find it where yu left it.（狀語從句）
②Tell me the address where he lives.（定語從句）
③I dn’t knw where he came frm.（賓語從句）
④Where he has gne is nt knwn yet.（主語從句）
= 5 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ⑤This place is where they nce hid.（表語從句）
隨堂練習(xí)
1. the average age f the ppulatin increases，there are mre and mre ld peple t care fr.
2.When yu have bught a fish and arrive hme, yu’d better stre the fish in the refrigeratr ________yu dn’t ck it immediately.
3.My grandfather still plays tennis nw and then，________he’s in his nineties.
4.I really enjy listening t music ________it helps me relax and takes my mind away frm ther cares f the day.
5.________ yu d, dn’t be a bystander.
6.________the little panda cried, the mther rcked it back and frth and gave it little cmfrting pats.
7.________sme peple are mtivated by a need fr success, thers are mtivated by a fear f failure.
8.________nline shpping has changed ur life, nt all f its effects have been psitive.
9.It is s cld that yu can't g utside ________ fully cvered in thick clthes.
10.________ the jb takes a significant amunt f time, mst students agree that the experience is wrth it.
11.Yu wn't find paper cutting difficult ________ lng as yu keep practicing it.
12.________ the damage is dne, it will take many years fr the farmland t recver.
13.Just ________ a single wrd can change the meaning f a sentence, a single sentence can change the meaning f a paragraph.
14.If yu miss this chance, it may be years ________ yu get anther ne.
15.We need t get t the rt f the prblem________ we can slve it.
16.________scientists have learned a lt abut the universe, there is much we still dn't knw.
17.________ the students came frm different cuntries, they gt alng quite well in the summer camp.
18.The meaning f the wrd“nice”changed a few times ________ it finally came t include the sense“pleasant”．
19.It was the middle f the night ______ my father wke me up and tld me t watch the ftball game.
20.The yung cuple，wh returned my lst wallet，left ________ I culd ask fr their names.
21.Half an hur later，Lucy still culdn't get a taxi ______ the bus had drpped her.
22.Even ________ the frest park is far away，a lt f turists visit it every year.
23.Lessns can be learned t face the future，________ histry cannt be changed.
24.I dn't really like the authr，________ I have t admit his bks are very exciting.
25．Yu will never gain success ________ yu are fully devted t yur wrk.
26．________ yu start eating in a healthier way，weight cntrl will becme much easier.
攻重點難點
(一)引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句的從屬連詞及重點句式
1．引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句的從屬連詞有：when, whenever, while, as, befre, after, since, till/until, as sn as, n sner , hardly/scarcely , immediately, instantly, the mment, every/each time等。
2．在掌握時間狀語從句時，要注意以下幾個重點句式：
(1)nt ...“直到……才……”
(2)It＋will be/was＋一段時間＋befre ... “過……(時間)才……”
(3)It＋is/has been＋一段時間＋since ... “自從……以來多長時間了”
(4)It＋was＋nt lng befre ...“不久……就……”
(5)N sner＋had＋主語＋過去分詞 ...(正常語序：主語＋had n sner＋過去分詞＋than ...) “一……就……”
(6)Hardly/Scarcely＋had＋主語＋過去分詞 ... (正常語序：主語＋had hardly/scarcely＋過去分詞＋when ...)“一……就……”
When I lived there, I used t g t the seashre n Sundays.
我住在那里時，星期天常到海濱去。
Please dn't talk s lud while thers are wrking.
在別人工作的時候，請別這么大聲音說話。
It was sme time befre I realized the truth.
過了很長一段時間我才悟出真相。
He had n sner finished his speech than the students started cheering.
＝N sner had he finished his speech than the students started cheering.
他剛完成演講學(xué)生們就開始歡呼起來。
(二)引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的從屬連詞的用法
引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的從屬連詞有：if, unless(除非), as lng as/s lng as(只要), in case(以防，萬一), nly if(要是……就好了), n cnditin that, prviding/prvided (that), suppse/suppsing (that)等。
1．if和unless引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句。if表示正面的條件，意為“如果”；unless(＝if )表示反面的條件，意為“除非，如果不”。
If we g n plluting the envirnment, the earth wn't be fit fr us t live in.
如果我們繼續(xù)污染環(huán)境，地球?qū)⒉辉龠m合我們居住。
Yu'll fail the exam unless yu study hard(＝if yu dn't study hard)．
除非你努力學(xué)習(xí)，否則你考試會不及格。
2．in case, n cnditin that, prviding (that), prvided (that), suppsing (that), suppse (that)等詞匯意思相近，意為“萬一，假使，假如，在……條件下”。
In case there is a fire, what will we d first?
萬一發(fā)生火災(zāi)，我們首先要做什么？
Suppse/Suppsing (that) they refuse us, wh else can we turn t fr help?
假如他們拒絕了我們，我們還能求助于誰？
They agreed t lend us the car n cnditin that we returned it befre the weekend.
他們同意把車借給我們，條件是我們在周末前歸還。
3．a(chǎn)s lng as(＝s lng as)引導(dǎo)語氣強烈的條件狀語從句，意為“只要”。
As lng as yu dn't lse heart, yu will succeed.
只要你不灰心，就會成功。
(三)引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的從屬連詞的用法
引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的從屬連詞有：because, as, since(既然，因為)，nw (that)(既然), seeing (that), in that等。
1．because語氣最強，表示必然的因果關(guān)系，用來回答why的提問；
2．since語氣稍弱，表示對方已知的原因或事實，意為“既然；因為；由于”，相當(dāng)于nw (that)；
3．a(chǎn)s語氣最弱，往往不是明顯的原因，只是對結(jié)果的附帶說明。
I was absent frm the meeting because I was ill.
因為我病了，所以我缺席了這次會議。
As it is raining, we shall nt g t the park.
由于在下雨，我們不去公園了。
Nw (that)/Since everybdy is here, let's begin ur meeting.既然大家都在這里，我們開始開會吧。
(四)引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的從屬連詞的用法
引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的從屬連詞有：althugh, thugh, as, even if/thugh(盡管，即使), while(然而), whether ... r (nt), hwever, whatever, whever, n matter hw/what/wh等。
1．a(chǎn)lthugh/thugh(盡管，雖然), even if/thugh(即使)引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句
althugh與thugh兩者意思相同，一般可互換，都可以與yet, still或nevertheless連用，但不能和but連用。even if與even thugh表示“盡管，即使”時，有退一步設(shè)想的意味。二者引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時，可用陳述語氣，也可以用虛擬語氣。
Althugh/Thugh it was raining hard, yet they went n playing ftball.
雖然正下著大雨，但他們還是繼續(xù)踢足球。
Even if/thugh it is raining, we'll g there.(陳述語氣)
即使下雨，我們也要去那里。
Even if/thugh I were busy, I wuld g.(虛擬語氣)
即使忙，我也要去。
2．a(chǎn)s或thugh引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時倒裝的情況
as或thugh引導(dǎo)的從句放在主句之前時，常用倒裝語序。從句中的表語、狀語或動詞原形置于句首。若表語是單數(shù)名詞，前置時要省略冠詞。
Child as/thugh he is, he can tell the names f all the cars.盡管他是個孩子，但他能說出所有車的名字。
Much as/thugh I like it, I wn't buy it, fr it's t expensive.雖然我很喜歡它，但不會買，因為它太貴了。
3．whether nt(不管……還是……)；疑問詞＋-ever與n matter＋疑問詞(不管……；無論……)。
I have decided t take the jb ffer, whether it is gd r bad.不管好壞，我已經(jīng)決定接受這份工作邀請。
Whatever (＝N matter what) yu say, he wn't believe yu.(讓步狀語從句)
無論你說什么，他都不會相信你。
點津：whever, whatever, whmever, whichever既可以引導(dǎo)狀語從句，還可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。但“n matter＋疑問詞”不能引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。
Yu can take whatever yu like.(賓語從句)
你喜歡什么就可以拿什么。
4．while也可作從屬連詞引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，相當(dāng)于althugh。
While it has been mre than a year since yu taught us English, I've missed yu a lt.(2017·天津高考書面表達)
盡管你教我們英語才一年多，我真得很想念您。
(五)引導(dǎo)地點狀語從句及其他狀語從句的從屬連詞的用法
引導(dǎo)地點狀語從句的連詞有：where, wherever等；引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句的連詞有：s that, in case/fr fear (that), in rder that等；引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句的連詞有：s ... that，such ... that, s that等；引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句的連詞有： as, as if, as thugh等；引導(dǎo)比較狀語從句的連詞有：as ... as, the same as, mre than ..., n mre than, such ... as ...等。
We shuld g where the cuntry needs us mst.
我們應(yīng)到國家最需要我們的地方去。
It is such fine weather that we all want t g t the park.天氣如此晴朗，以至于我們都想去公園。
He acted as if nthing had happened.他表現(xiàn)得好像什么也沒發(fā)生。
練高頻題點
Ⅰ.語法填空題點全練
1．Let's nt pick these peaches until this weekend that they get sweet enugh t be eaten.
2．If we dn't stp climate change, many animals and plants in the wrld will be gne.
3．If yu dn't understand smething, yu may research, study, and talk t ther peple yu figure it ut.
4．I really enjy listening t music it helps me relax and takes my mind away frm ther cares f the day.
5． the average age f the ppulatin increases, there are mre and mre ld peple t care fr.
6． nline shpping has changed ur life, nt all f its effects have been psitive.
7．Yu wn't find paper cutting difficult as as yu keep practicing it.
8．Just a single wrd can change the meaning f a sentence, a single sentence can change the meaning f a paragraph.
9． he nce felt like giving up，he nw has the determinatin t push further and keep n ging.
10．It is s cld that yu can't g utside fully cvered in thick clthes.
Ⅰ.完成句子并改寫
1．無論你是誰，都要遵守規(guī)則。
,yu must bey the rules. (whever)
→ ,yu must bey the rules. (用n matter＋疑問詞改寫)
2．邁克是一個誠實的工人，我們都信任他。
Mike is ,and we all believe in him.
→Mike is we all believe in him.(用such 改寫)
→Mike is we all believe in him.(用s 改寫)
3．為了能看到日出，我們很早就出發(fā)去了山頂。
,we started fr the peak early.
→ ,we started fr the peak early.(改寫成目的狀語從句)
4．直到你告訴我，我才知道這件事。
It I had any idea f it.
→ any idea f it.(改為倒裝句)
5．我們一到車站，火車就離開了。
We than the train left.
→ than the train left. (改為倒裝句)
隨堂練習(xí)
一
Xiamen, 1 (lie) in Fujian Prvince, is a famus castal city. As far as I'm cncerned, Xiamen is very clean and pretty. In that city, we can enjy the clear sky, the beautiful sea, 2 green trpical plants. 3 Xiamen is in the sutheast f China and clse t the sea, it's neither t cld in winter nr t ht in summer. The best seasns t g t Xiamen are bth spring and summer. Besides, 4 are sme famus turist sites in Xiamen. And the mst beautiful scenic spt is Gulangyu Island. We can visit freign buildings, nice gardens, beautiful parks, and traditinal museums there. 5 we are in Xiamen, 6 we can't miss is t g t Gulangyu Island, 7 we wn't have a gd time.
Hwever, in recent years, Xiamen has becme a lt mre mdern 8 it used t be. Nwadays, mre and mre skyscrapers and shpping malls have been built, 9 makes Xiamen a wnderful city fr sightseeing and shpping. S I 10 (eager) wish t spend my summer hliday there next time.
Next year if I have enugh time and mney, I plan t have a nice sightseeing tur in Xiamen with my clse friends. I hpe we can spend the happiest time tgether there.
二
Why des autumn have tw names? Accrding t Merriam-Webster, “autumn”appeared first in English in the 1300s, cming frm the Latin wrd “autumnus”. Autumn caught n quickly, likely 1 it replaced the riginal name—“harvest”. 2 yu might imagine, 3 crps were cllected frm the fields, calling the seasn“harvest”might make peple cnfused because “harvest”is als the name fr the act itself.
S “autumn”appeared instead f “harvest”. Then the term, “autumn”, 4 referred t the seasn between summer and winter, lasted fr a cuple f 5 (century).“Fall”as a name fr the seasn came abut smetime in the 1500s, a shrtened versin f the very petic phrase “the fall f leaves”. The English phrase had the true meaning f the seasn withut leading 6 any cnfusin. Nt even a century later, the phrase became a simple wrd: fall.
Arund this same time, the English language was traveling acrss the glbe 7 Britain expanded, 8 it was ging thrugh sme changes, as many languages did. This was particularly true in the American clnies (殖民地). Sme English wrds changed in the US, whether in terms f spelling 9 in terms f general usage. In the mid-1800s, British and American English speakers further develped in different ways. “Fall”was the cmmn wrd fr “autumn”in the US, 10 autumn was regarded as the wrd fr fall in England.
三
I had hardly sat dwn n the train and pened a bar f chclate __1__ a really ld man with huge bags sat dwn acrss frm me.I said hell __2__ him, smiling sweetly and then I suddenly thught, “Why nt ffer him a piece f chclate？” S I did.He was quite __3__ (surprise), but accepted and thanked me.He said that peple didn't usually d things like this fr __4__ (strange) — at least that was what I understd, because he was speaking a really __5__ (usual) dialect, and the train was lud.
Then he pened ne f his bags and gave me __6__ handful f freshly picked cherries, __7__ (explain) that he had just taken them frm his rchard.The cherries were really lvely, better than thse in the shps, and I enjyed them very much.It had been just an impulse (沖動) t ffer him a piece f chclate, but if I __8__ (d) s, I wuld never have tasted thse lvely cherries, __9__ I didn't even knw he had at the time.Life is abut giving and taking, and it's __10__ (general) true that if yu give, yu will receive.
語法填空?？键c
短文改錯常考點
寫作常用句式
1.when, while, as引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句的區(qū)別；
2.名詞詞組the minute, the mment, the first time, each time, any time等用作連詞，引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句；
3.befre和since引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句的用法以及常見的幾個句型；
4.till和until的用法；
5.althugh, thugh, as以及even if, even thugh引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的用法；
6.結(jié)果狀語從句中“s ”與“such ”的區(qū)別；
7.條件狀語從句unless, prviding/prvided, suppse/suppsing等引導(dǎo)詞的用法；
8.“疑問詞＋-ever”和“n matter＋疑問詞”引導(dǎo)從句的用法；
9.where引導(dǎo)的狀語從句；
10.與祈使句、定語從句、名詞性從句、倒裝句以及與強調(diào)句型的混合考查。
1.if與althugh/thugh的誤用；
2.unless與until的誤用；
3.when與until的誤用；
4.when與since的誤用；
5.althugh/thugh與because的誤用；
6.althugh/thugh與but的誤用；
7.after與while/when的誤用；
8.since與thugh/althugh的誤用；
9.after與since的誤用；
10.when與where的誤用。
1.表示“一……就……”的句式
(1)the mment/the minute/the instant ...，＋主句
(2)n sner ... than ...
(3)as sn as ...＋主句
2.nt ... until ...“直到……才……”
3.It will be/was＋一段時間＋befre ...“過……(時間)才……”
4.It is/has been＋一段時間＋since從句“自從……以來多長時間了”
5.every time/each time ...“每次……”
6.s ...
“如此……以至于……”

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