專題08 定語從句（原卷版+解析版）-試卷下載-教習(xí)網(wǎng)

引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞；
限制性與非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別；
“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)；
關(guān)系詞之間的異同及選用。
知識點(diǎn)1 定語從句的種類
(1)限制性定語從句
從句在句中是不可缺少的部分，去掉后主句意思往往不明確，與主句之間不用逗號隔開。
This is the huse which we bught last mnth.
(2)非限制性定語從句
從句是對主句或先行詞的補(bǔ)充和說明，去掉后不影響主句的意思，與主句之間往往用逗號隔開。
The huse, which we bught last mnth, is very nice.
當(dāng)先行詞是專有名詞或被物主代詞/指示代詞所修飾時(shí)，其后的定語從句通常是非限制性的。
Charles Smith, wh was my frmer teacher, retired last year.
My huse, which I bught last year, has gt a lvely garden.
非限制性定語從句還能將整個(gè)主句作為先行詞，對其進(jìn)行修飾，這時(shí)從句謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)。
He seems nt t have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.
知識點(diǎn)2 關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞
知識點(diǎn)3 關(guān)系代詞that和which的特殊用法
1. 限制性定語從句中，只用關(guān)系代詞that的情況：
(1)先行詞是all, everything, anything, nthing, little, much, few等不定代詞。
I will tell yu everything that I knw.
(2)先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾。
What is the first freign city that yu have ever been t?
(3)先行詞被the nly, the very (正好), the last, all, any, every, n, little, much, sme等限定詞修飾。
Chatting is the nly thing that interests her.
(4)先行詞中既有人也有物。
The things and persns that they mentined are strange t me.
(5)在which或wh的特殊疑問句中含有定語從句。
Wh is the by that is lying under the tree?
2. 先行詞指物時(shí)，只用關(guān)系代詞which的情況：
(1)“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中。
The huse in which we live is very large.
(2)非限制性定語從句中。
He changed his mind, which made me angry.
(3)先行詞本身是that。
What is that which yu have put int yur schlbag just nw?
知識點(diǎn)4 限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別
知識點(diǎn)5 關(guān)系代詞as和which的區(qū)別
1. 位置不同。
as引導(dǎo)的定語從句可位于句首、句中、句末；which引導(dǎo)的定語從句不能位于句首。
As we all knw, life is nt a bed f rses.
Life is nt a bed f rses, which we all knw.
2. 意義不同。
as意為“正如，就像”，引導(dǎo)的從句表達(dá)人的觀點(diǎn)、事物的習(xí)慣性等意義，主要起承上啟下的作用；which意為“這一點(diǎn)”，引導(dǎo)的從句在意義上相當(dāng)于一個(gè)并列句，補(bǔ)充說明主句的狀態(tài)或結(jié)果。
As ften happened, they wn the ftball game again.
It rained heavily, which prevented us frm ging ut.
3. 當(dāng)先行詞被such, s, as等詞修飾時(shí)，一般用as引導(dǎo)定語從句。
Such bks as yu want are sld ut.
Part 2：高考真題精選
1（2022新高考I卷）The GPNP is intended t prvide strnger prtectin fr all the species ________ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly imprve the health f the ecsystem in the area.
答案：that
解析：考查定語從句關(guān)系詞。句意：該計(jì)劃旨在為生活在Giant Panda Range的所有物種提供更有力的保護(hù)，并顯著改善該地區(qū)的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)健康。設(shè)空處為關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，先行詞等于關(guān)系詞，設(shè)空處在從句中作指物的主語，先行詞為species，且先行詞前為all修飾，只能用關(guān)系代詞that。故填that。
2（2022全國甲卷）On the 1,100. Kilmeter jurney, the man Ca Shengkang, _________ lst his eyesight at the age f eight in a car accident, crssed 40 cities and cunties in three prvince.
答案：wh
解析：考查定語從句。句意：在1100公里的旅程中，8歲時(shí)因一次車禍?zhǔn)鞯哪凶硬苁⒖荡┻^了三個(gè)省的40個(gè)城市和縣。分析句子結(jié)合句意可知，此處是非限定性定語從句，先行詞為Ca Shengkang，指人，在從句中作主語，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞wh引導(dǎo)。故填wh。
3（2022年浙江1月）Kim Cbb, a prfessr at the Gergia Institute f Technlgy in Atlanta, is ne f a small but grwing minrity f academics __________ are cutting back n their air travel because f climate change.
答案：that/wh
解析：考查定語從句。句意：亞特蘭大佐治亞科技研究院的教授Kim Cbb是一個(gè)少數(shù)但是不斷增加的少數(shù)學(xué)者中的一員，因?yàn)闅夂蜃兓麄冋谙鳒p他們的飛機(jī)旅行。名詞academics后為定語從句且在從句中作主語，應(yīng)使用關(guān)系代詞替代，故填that/wh。
4（2021新課標(biāo)II卷）I decided that if I learned f a cmpany___________ used a lt f plastic, I'd send it an email urging it t cut back.
答案：that/which
解析：考查定語從句。句意：我決定，如果我知道有哪家公司大量使用塑料，我就給它發(fā)郵件，敦促它減少使用塑料。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)， ________ used a lt f plastic是一個(gè)定語從句，修飾先行詞a cmpany，關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語，指物，用which或that引導(dǎo)該從句，所以填which或that。
5（2021浙江卷）BMI is an internatinally recgnized measurement tl ________ gives an indicatin f whether smene is a healthy weight.
答案：that/which
解析：考查定語從句關(guān)系代詞。句意：BMI是一種國際公認(rèn)的測量工具，它可以顯示一個(gè)人的體重是否健康。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，tl是先行詞，且在從句中做主語，故填that/which。
6（2021天津卷）In the spring, a seasn ________ we are learning new rhythms f life，many f us find cmfrt in the natural wrld.
A. whenB. whereC. whatD. which
答案：A
解析：考查定語從句。句意：春天是我們學(xué)習(xí)新的生活節(jié)奏的季節(jié)，許多人在大自然中找到了舒適感。此處a seasn是先行詞，在后面的定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語，定語從句由關(guān)系副詞when引導(dǎo)。故選A。
7（2020新課標(biāo)I卷）Because the mn’s bdy blcks direct radi cmmunicatin with a prbe, China first had t put a satellite in rbit abve the mn in a spt __________ it culd send signals t the spacecraft and t Earth.
答案：where
解析：考查定語從句。句意：中國首先必須把一顆人造衛(wèi)星送入月球軌道上的一個(gè)點(diǎn)，人造衛(wèi)星可以在這個(gè)點(diǎn)向航天器和地球發(fā)射信號。分析句子可知，空處引導(dǎo)一個(gè)定語從句，先行詞是a spt，關(guān)系詞替代先行詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，應(yīng)用where引導(dǎo)。故填where。
8（2021北京卷）When yu sleep, yur brain srts thrugh everything ____12____ happened during the day，trying t link new experiences t ld memries.
答案：that
解析：考查定語從句。句意：當(dāng)你睡覺時(shí)，你的大腦會整理白天發(fā)生的一切，試圖將新經(jīng)歷與舊記憶聯(lián)系起來。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處需用連接詞引導(dǎo)定語從句，先行詞是不定代詞everything，關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作主語，所以此處需用關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)定語從句。故填that。
9（2020新課標(biāo)III卷）In ancient China lived an artist______ paintings were almst lifelike.
答案：whse
解析：考查定語從句。句意：中國古代有一位畫家，他的畫幾乎栩栩如生。此處為定語從句修飾先行詞artist，且先行詞在從句中作定語，故應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞whse。故填whse。
10（2019新課標(biāo)II卷）Nw Irene Astbury wrks frm 9am t 5pm daily at the pet shp in Macclesfield，_________she pened with her late husband Les.
答案：which
解析：考查非限制性定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，先行詞為the pet shp，在非限制性定語從句中作pened一詞的賓語，故用which。
11（2019新課標(biāo)III卷）They were well trained by their masters ________ had great experience with caring fr these animals.
答案：wh/that
解析：考查定語從句。句意：它們被他們的主人訓(xùn)練地很好，它們的主人在照顧這些動物方面很有經(jīng)驗(yàn)。先行詞為masters（主人），且從句缺主語。故關(guān)系詞填wh。
12（2019浙江卷）On the edge f the jacket, there is a piece f clth ______ gives ff light in the dark.
答案：that/which
解析：考查定語從句。這是個(gè)限制性定語從句，先行詞是clth，指物，從句中缺少主語，因此，可以用that或which引導(dǎo)。故填that/which。
13（2019北京卷）The students benefitting mst frm cllege are thse ______ are ttally engaged(參與) in academic life, taking full advantage f the cllege’s chances and resurces(資源).
答案：wh
解析：考查定語從句。句意：從大學(xué)中獲益最多的學(xué)生是那些完全投入學(xué)術(shù)生活的學(xué)生。______ are ttally engaged(參與)in academic life.是定語從句，修飾先行詞thse，空格處在句中作主語，代指人，故填wh。
14（2018新課標(biāo)I卷）Tw f the authrs f the review als made a study published in 2014 ___________shwed a mere five t 10 minute a day f running reduced the risk f heart disease and early deaths frm all causes.
答案：that/which
解析：考查定語從句，先行詞為study，在定語從句中作主語，所以用which或that引導(dǎo)。
15（2018新課標(biāo)II卷）The Chinese Ministry f Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the gvernment started a sil-testing prgram ________gives specific fertilizer recmmendatins t farmers—and 2011, fertilizer use drpped by 7.7 millin tns.
答案：that/which
解析：考查定語從句。先行詞為prgram，在定語從句中作主語，所以用that或which引導(dǎo)。
16（2018浙江卷）Many westerners ________ cme t China ck much less than in their wn cuntries nce they realize hw cheap it can be t eat ut.
答案：wh/that
解析：考查關(guān)系代詞。句中包含定語從句，先行詞是westerners指人，在定語從句中做主語，用關(guān)系代詞wh/that引導(dǎo)，故填wh/that。
17（2018·北京）She and her family bicycle t wrk, _________ helps them keep fit.
A. whichB. wh
C. asD. that
答案：A
解析：考查非限制性定語從句。句意：她和家人騎自行車去上班，這有助于她們保持健康?！癬___ helps them keep fit”是非限制性定語從句，該從句修飾整個(gè)主句，引導(dǎo)詞在從句中做主語，故該從句應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)。A選項(xiàng)正確。
18（2017新課標(biāo)I卷）Having enugh fat and salt in yur meals will reduce the urge t snack(吃點(diǎn)心) between meals and will imprve the taste f yur fd. Like anything, it is pssible t have t much f bth, _________is nt gd fr the health.
答案：which
解析：本題主要考查定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，主句主謂完整，定語從句缺少主語且從句前有逗號，故此處應(yīng)填入關(guān)系代詞 which，故正確答案為 which。
19（2017新課標(biāo)III卷）But Sarah, ___________has taken part in shws alng with tp mdels, wants t prve that she has brains as well as beauty.
答案：wh
解析：考查定語從句。先行詞是Sarah，因此引導(dǎo)定語從句應(yīng)使用wh。
20（2016新課標(biāo)I卷）But my cnnectin with pandas ges back t my days n a TV shw in the mid-1980s, ____________I was the first Western TV reprter was permitted t film a special unit caring fr pandas rescued frm starvatin in the wild.
答案：when
解析：考查定語從句。劃線處后面I was the first Western TV reprter was permitted t film a special unit caring fr pandas rescued frm starvatin in the wild.是一個(gè)完整的句子，且先行詞he mid-1980s，故答案為when。
21（2016新課標(biāo)III卷）Sme peple think that the great Chinese schlar Cnfucius，___________lived frm rughly 551 t 479 B.C.，influenced the develpment f chpsticks.
答案：wh
解析：考查非限制性定語從句。句中有逗號，說明是非限制性定語從句，先行詞是Cnfucius孔子，定語從句缺少主語，且指人，故填wh。
22（2015新課標(biāo)I卷）I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place fr turists seeking the limestne muntain tps and dark waters f the Li River _________are pictured by artists in s many Chinese paintings.
答案：that/which
解析：考查定語從句。先行詞為Li River，從句中缺少主語，用關(guān)系代詞。句意：漓江被許多藝術(shù)家所繪畫。故用that/which。
23（2014新課標(biāo)I卷）Maybe yu leave a habit ________is driving yur family crazy.
答案：that/which
解析：考查定語從句。本句是一個(gè)定語從句，先行詞是a habit，定語從句中使用關(guān)系代詞that/which指代先行詞，在句做主語，不能省略。故填which/that。
關(guān)
系
代
詞
wh
人
主語
D yu knw the man wh is talking with yur mther?
whm,which和that在從句中作賓語時(shí),常可以省略,但介詞提前時(shí)后面關(guān)系代詞不能省略,也不可以用that
whm
人
賓語
Mr Smith is the persn with whm I am wrking.
The by (whm) she lved died in the war.
whse
人、物
定語
I like thse bks whse tpics are abut histry.
The by whse father wrks abrad is my deskmate.
that
人、物
主語、賓語
A plane is a machine that can fly.
She is the pp star (that) I want t see very much.
which
物
主語、賓語
The bk (which) I gave yu was wrth $10.
The picture which was abut the accident was terrible.
as
人、物
主語、賓語
He is such a persn as is respected by all f us.
This is the same pen as I lst yesterday.
as作賓語一般不省略
關(guān)
系
副
詞
when
時(shí)間
時(shí)間狀語
I will never frget the day when we met there.
可用n which替換
where
地點(diǎn)
地點(diǎn)狀語
This is the huse where I was brn.
可用in which替換
why
原因
原因狀語
I can’t imagine the reasn why he turned dwn my ffer.
可用fr which替換
限制性定語從句
對先行詞起修飾限制作用,如果去掉,主句意思就不完整明確,這種從句與主句的關(guān)系十分密切,寫時(shí)不用逗號分開
The accident happened at the time when I left.
非限制性定語從句
對先行詞作附加的說明,與主句的關(guān)系不是十分密切,較松散。從句和主句之間用逗號分開,相當(dāng)于一個(gè)插入語,不能用that引導(dǎo),關(guān)系代詞作賓語時(shí)也不能省略
His mther,whm he lved deeply,died ten years ag.

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