Part 1:知識點(diǎn)梳理
and和but的用法區(qū)別;
while表對比的用法。
時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、結(jié)果、目的、讓步、條件、方式和比較狀語從句等;
常用的引導(dǎo)狀語從句的連詞。
知識點(diǎn)1 基本用法
1. 并列句的用法及常見連詞
2. 狀語從句的類型及常見連接詞
知識點(diǎn)2 時(shí)間狀語從句
知識點(diǎn)3 結(jié)果狀語從句
知識點(diǎn)4 讓步狀語從句
知識點(diǎn)5 條件狀語從句
引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的常用連接詞有if, nce, unless, in case, as/s lng as, n cnditin that, suppsing (that), given (that), prviding/prvided (that) 等。
1. if
(1)若主句為將來時(shí),if從句多用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來。
If it snws tmrrw, we will g skiing.
(2) if pssible/necessary意為“如有可能,如有必要”。
If (it is) necessary, please bring yur cmputer here.
(3) nly if和 if nly
nly if意為“只有”, 置于句首時(shí)主句的主謂要用部分倒裝。if nly 意為“但愿,要是……就好了”,引導(dǎo)的從句要用虛擬語氣。
Only if yu wrk harder can yu catch up with thers.
If nly it culd be sunny tmrrw.
2. unless
unless引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句,表示“除非,否則”,可替換成if... nt...。
Please dn’t speak, unless yu are invited.
=Please dn’t speak, if yu are nt invited.
知識點(diǎn)6 比較狀語從句
比較狀語從句一般位于句尾,常用than, as... as..., nt as/s... as...等引導(dǎo)。
1. than前的形容詞和副詞用比較級形式。
It’s easier than I thught.
I sing better than he des. = He desn’t sing as well as I d.
2. as... as...表示“前者與后者一樣……”,nt as/s... as...表示“前者不如后者……”,形容詞和副詞均用原級。常用于以下句型:
as+adj. /adv. +as
as+adj. +a/an+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+as
as+many/few+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)+as
as+much/little+不可數(shù)名詞+as
I have as gd a sister as yu have.
I’m nt as cnsiderate as s many peple seem t think.
They are having almst as much unemplyment as we are.
知識點(diǎn)7 狀語從句中的省略
1. 在時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、條件、方式、讓步或比較狀語從句中,當(dāng)從句和主句主語一致,且從句中又有be動(dòng)詞時(shí),可將從句主語及be動(dòng)詞省略。
He pened the desk drawer, as if (he was) in search f smething imprtant.
2. 當(dāng)從句主語為代詞it,從句中又有be動(dòng)詞時(shí),從句主語及be動(dòng)詞可省略。
Cme alng with yur teacher if (it is) pssible.
3. 當(dāng)從句是there be結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),there be可省略。
Yu can ask me questins if (there are) any.
4. 在as, than引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中,可省略與主句中重復(fù)的任何成分及be動(dòng)詞。
She speaks English better than he (speaks English).
Yu shuld d it as (yu were) tld t (d it).
知識點(diǎn)8 狀語從句中的倒裝
1. n sner... than...和hardly/scarcely... when...引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句,n sner和hardly/scarcely位于句首時(shí),需將n sner和hardly/scarcely所在的句子部分倒裝,且常用過去完成時(shí),其后的than和when連接的句子不倒裝,常用一般過去時(shí)。
Hardly had he begun t speak when his wife stpped him.
2. nt until...位于句首時(shí),主句要部分倒裝,nt until從句不倒裝。
Nt until he came back yesterday evening did we finish the wrk.
3. if虛擬條件狀語從句謂語含were, shuld, had時(shí)可將if省略,把were, shuld, had移至主語前。
Shuld he be here (= If he shuld be here) next week, he wuld help us.
4. s... that...和such... that...引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句中,若將“s +adj./adv.”或“such +n.”置于句首,主句要部分倒裝。
S mved was she that she culd nt say a wrd.
5. as/thugh引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)為:名詞/形容詞/副詞/分詞+as/thugh+主語+謂語,動(dòng)詞+as/thugh+主語+助動(dòng)詞。若是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù),前置時(shí)要省略冠詞a/an。
Child as/thugh he is, he can take care f himself.
Try as/thugh he might, he culd nt find a jb.
Much as/thugh I like it, I wn’t buy it.
6. hwever, whatever引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句。
Hwever/N matter hw hard he wrked, he culdn’t slve the prblem.
Whatever/N matter what reasns yu have, yu shuld carry ut yur prmise.
Part 2:高考真題精選
1(2022新高考I卷)
After a three-year pilt perid, the GPNP will be fficially set up next year. The GPNP is designed t reflect the guiding principle f “prtecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)f natural ecsystems, preserving bilgical diversity, prtecting eclgical buffer znes, __________ leaving behind precius natural assets(資產(chǎn))fr future generatins”.
答案:and
解析:考查連詞。句意:GPNP旨在體現(xiàn)“保護(hù)自然生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的真實(shí)性和完整性,保護(hù)生物多樣性,保護(hù)生態(tài)緩沖區(qū),為子孫后代留下寶貴的自然資產(chǎn)”的指導(dǎo)原則。設(shè)空處前后為并列關(guān)系,應(yīng)用and。故填and。
2(2022全國乙卷)
The “First Internatinal Tea Day Tea Rad Cperative Initiative” issued (發(fā)布) at the ceremny calls fr peple wrking in the tea industry t cme tgether t prmte internatinal cperatin ____________ cultural exchanges.
答案:and
解析:考查連詞。句意:儀式上發(fā)布的“首個(gè)國際茶日萬里茶道合作倡議”呼吁茶業(yè)人士團(tuán)結(jié)起來,促進(jìn)國際合作和文化交流。名詞internatinal cperatin和cultural exchanges為并列成分,作動(dòng)詞prmte的賓語。故填and。
3.(2022年新高考2卷)
He hung n fr a few minutes ___41___ screamed fr his father, but his father didn't hear him.
答案:. and
解析:考查連詞。句意:他堅(jiān)持了幾分鐘,尖叫喊著他的父親,但他的父親沒有聽到他。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu),設(shè)空處應(yīng)該填寫連詞,連接hung和screamed兩個(gè)動(dòng)作。根據(jù)句意,此處表示并列關(guān)系。故填and。
4.(2021.6新高考1卷 語法填空)Thugh it is the nly unnatural thing n yur way up the muntain, still it highlights the whle adventure 7 ffers a place where yu can sit dwn t rest yur aching legs.
【答案】 and
【解析】考查并列連詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,兩個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞highlights和ffers之間缺少連接詞進(jìn)行連接;同時(shí),兩個(gè)動(dòng)作間為并列關(guān)系,所以應(yīng)填并列連詞。故填and。
5.(2021.6全國甲卷 語法填空)My bike was ld and shaky 7 did the jb.
【答案】 but
【解析】考查連詞。此處表示我的自行車又舊又晃,后面能用。所以是轉(zhuǎn)折的關(guān)系,故填but。
6.(2021.6全國乙卷 語法填空) It was nt widely accepted as a travel cncept 4 the late 1980s.
【答案】until
【解析】考查時(shí)間介詞。根據(jù)空前有nt可知,此處until與nt一起構(gòu)成固定用法nt… until,意為 "直到……才……" 。句意:直到20世紀(jì)80年代后期,它才作為一種旅游概念被廣泛接受。故填until。
7.(2021.1 浙江卷 語法填空)In a study f 33 years f trends in Bdy Mass Index(體重指數(shù))acrss 200 cuntries the scientists fund that peple wrldwide are getting heavier 1 that mst f the rise is due t gains in BMT in rural areas.
【答案】and
【解析】文章大意:介紹了一項(xiàng)關(guān)于體重指數(shù)的研究,描述了不同時(shí)期城鄉(xiāng)體重指數(shù)的差異及其背后的原因??疾檫B詞。句意:科學(xué)家人們發(fā)現(xiàn)人們越來越胖了,這個(gè)現(xiàn)象背后的原因是偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)人們體重指數(shù)的增加。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知that peple wrldwide are getting heavier和that mst f the rise is due t gains in BMI in rural areas.都是fund引導(dǎo)的賓語從句,是并列關(guān)系,故答案為and。
8.(2021.6全國甲卷 改錯(cuò))In my pinin, where in truble, we shuld seek help frm thse we trust mstly.
【答案】where改為when或whenever
【解析】考查狀語從句連詞。根據(jù)句意應(yīng)該是(每)當(dāng)遇到困難的時(shí)候,我們應(yīng)該向最信任的人求助。where 改為when或whenever。
9.(2021.6全國乙卷 改錯(cuò))I als water the flwers in the yard and tidying up my wn bedrm whatever necessary.
【答案】把whatever改為whenever
【解析】考查狀語從句。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處體現(xiàn)時(shí)間概念,表示每次需要的時(shí)候,我都會(huì)澆花和收拾我的臥室。故把whatever改為whenever。
10.(2021.3 天津卷 單選)We all need t get invlved in saving energy it's at wrk, at hme, r at schl.
A.unless B.nce C.whether D.because
【答案】C
【解析】考查連詞辨析。句意:無論是在工作、家里還是在學(xué)校,我們都需要參與節(jié)約能源。A.unless除非;B.nce一旦;C.whether是否、或者……(或者);D.because因?yàn)?。根?jù)句意可知,本空應(yīng)填whether。故選:C。
11.(2020.7 天津卷 單選)
—Why d peple like pp music? I hate it s much.
— it is nt yur style, that desn't mean it is baD.
A.Only if B.Even thugh C.Nw that D.In case
【答案】B
【解析】考查狀語從句。A. nly if 如果……該多好;B. even thugh 即使,盡管;C. nw that 既然;D. in case 以防萬一。句意:—為什么大家會(huì)喜歡流行音樂?我很討厭流行音樂?!m然流行音樂不是你喜歡的類型,但也不能說它不好。根據(jù)句意以及分析主從句可知,此處為讓步狀語從句,表達(dá) "雖然,盡管" 之意。故選:B。
12.(2020.3 天津卷 單選)
Watch ut fr injuries while exercising. Always stp yu begin t feel any pain.
A.in rder that B.even if C.ever since D.as sn as
【答案】D
【解析】考查狀語從句。句意為:在練習(xí)的時(shí)候小心受傷,—感到疼痛就停下來,D項(xiàng)為一……就……。
13.(2020.7 新高考海南卷 語法填空 )
Each vlume in the set explres a wide range f material, explains the basic cncepts f majr applicatins f digital systems, 7 discusses the influences they have n everyday life.
【答案】And
【解析】考查連詞。句意:系列中的每卷探索了廣泛的材料,解釋數(shù)字系統(tǒng)的主要應(yīng)用的基本概念,并討論了他們對日常生活的影響,前后句為并列關(guān)系,所以用連詞and,故答案為:and。
14.(2020.1 浙江卷 語法填空 )
It's als that they are n average healthier 10 mre prductive fr lnger. Therefre, they can wrk fr lnger, cnsume mre and in general be a bst t the ecnmy.
【答案】and
【解析】考查連詞。根據(jù)本空前后都為形容詞的比較級,故這里應(yīng)該填并列連詞。又因?yàn)閔ealthier和mre prductive不存在轉(zhuǎn)折含義,為遞進(jìn)關(guān)系。故答案:為and。
15.(2020.7 全國三卷語法填空)
5 he asked the villagers n the banks f the river where he culd find the legendary(傳奇的) artist, they smiled and pinted dwn the river.
【答案】When 或 As
【解析】考查連接詞。句意:當(dāng)他問河岸上的村民,他在哪里可以找到這位傳奇藝術(shù)家時(shí),他們笑著指著河的下游。本句為時(shí)間狀語從句,表示"當(dāng)……時(shí)候",且從句中動(dòng)詞asked為短暫性動(dòng)作動(dòng)詞,不能用while引導(dǎo),故應(yīng)用when或as引導(dǎo)。句首單詞首字母要大寫。故填When/As。
16.(2020.7 上海卷語法填空)
One f the earliest-knwn inventins is the bw and arrw, which is still used thrughut the wrld tday, 15, 000 years 1 it was first invented.
【答案】after
【解析】考查連詞。句意:已知最早的發(fā)明之一是弓箭,在它被發(fā)明15000年后,至今仍在全世界使用。根據(jù)句意可知,本空應(yīng)填連詞after。故答案為:after。
17.(2020全國一卷改錯(cuò))
First I cut the tmates int pieces but put them aside.
【答案】 but改為and
【解析】 考查連詞。句意:首先,我把西紅柿切成塊,放在一邊。根據(jù)句意可知前后句之間為順接關(guān)系,需要用and來連接,所以可知答案為but改為and。
18.【2019·江蘇卷·單項(xiàng)填空】23.The dctr shares his phne number with the patients __________ they need medical assistance.
A. if nlyB. as ifC. even thughD. in case
【答案】D
【解析】考查狀語從句的連詞。句意:醫(yī)生給了病人他的手機(jī)號碼,以防病人需要醫(yī)療援助。A. if nly要是……多好;B. as if好像,仿佛;C. even thugh即使,盡管;D. in case以備,以防,免得,引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。故選D。
19.【2019·天津卷·單項(xiàng)填空】13.Tm is s independent that he never asks his parents' pinin _________ he wants their supprt.
A. sinceB. nce
C. unlessD. after
【答案】C
【解析】考查連詞辨析。句意:湯姆是如此獨(dú)立,以至于他從來不征求父母的意見,除非他想得到他們的支持。since因?yàn)?;nce一旦;unless除非;after在……之后,根據(jù)題意,故選C。unless在此引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。
20.【2019·新課標(biāo)II卷·語法填空】I dn't see any reasn t give up wrk. I lve cming here and seeing my family and all the friends I have made_(make) ver the years. I wrk nt because I have t, ___67___ because I want t.”
【答案】but
【解析】考查并列連詞。根據(jù)句意邏輯可知,此處為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,句意:我工作不是因?yàn)槲也坏貌蛔?,而是因?yàn)槲蚁胱?。此處用but與前文nt 呼應(yīng),構(gòu)成“不是……而是 ……”之意,故填but。
21.【2018·江蘇】29. _______ yu can sleep well, yu will lse the ability t fcus, plan and stay mtivated after ne r tw nights.
A. Once B. UnlessC. If D. When
【答案】B
【解析】考查連詞詞義辨析及語境理解。句意:除非你睡得好,否則一兩個(gè)晚上之后,你會(huì)失去專注、計(jì)劃和保持動(dòng)力的能力。A. Once一旦;B. Unless除非;C. If如果;D. When當(dāng)……時(shí)候。故選B。
點(diǎn)睛:本題考查連詞辨析。解題時(shí)要區(qū)分清選擇項(xiàng)的含義與區(qū)別,再聯(lián)系句意進(jìn)行判斷,從而選出正確答案。
22.【2018·天津】4. Let's nt pick these peaches until this weekend ___________they get sweet enugh t be eaten.
A. ever since B. as ifC. even thugh D. s that
【答案】D
【解析】考查連詞短語詞義辨析及語境理解。句意:讓我們這個(gè)周末再摘這些桃子,這樣的話,它們吃起來就變得足夠的甜。A.ever since自那時(shí)起;B.as if好像;C.even thugh盡管;D.s that以便。從句為目的狀語從句,故用sthat引導(dǎo)。故選D。
點(diǎn)睛:本題考查連詞短語詞義辨析。解題時(shí)要區(qū)分清選擇項(xiàng)的含義與區(qū)別,再聯(lián)系句意可以判斷,這里考查s that引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句。
23.【2017·北京】25. ______ birds use their feathers fr flight, sme f their feathers are fr ther purpses.
A. Once B. If C. Althugh D. Because
【答案】C
【解析】試題分析:A.Once 一旦;B.If 如果;C.Althugh盡管;D.Because因?yàn)?。句意:盡管鳥兒們用羽毛來飛翔,但是他們的一些羽毛還有其他用途。根據(jù)語境可知前后之間是讓步關(guān)系,故選C。
考點(diǎn):考查連詞。
24.【2017·北京】28. If yu dn’t understand smething, yu may research, study, and talk t ther peple _______ yu figure it ut.
A. because B. thugh C. until D. since
【答案】C
【解析】試題分析:A.because因?yàn)?;B.thugh盡管;C.until直到;D.since目從。如果你無法理解某個(gè)東西,你可能會(huì)去研究,學(xué)習(xí)和他人探討直到你解決為止,根據(jù)句意可知選用until,直到,選C。
考點(diǎn):考查連詞。
【名師點(diǎn)睛】
從屬連詞的用法
1. 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句的從屬連詞
(1) 表示“當(dāng)…時(shí)候”或“每當(dāng)”的時(shí)間連詞。主要的 when, while, as, whenever。如:
Dn't talk while yu're eating. 吃飯時(shí)不要說話。
He came just as I was leaving. 我正要走時(shí)他來了。
(2) 表示“在……前(或之后)”的時(shí)間連詞。主要的有befre, after。如:
Try t finish yur wrk befre yu leave. 離開前設(shè)法把工作做完。
(3) 表示“自從”或“直到”的時(shí)間連詞。主要的有since, until, till。如:
She's been playing tennis since she was eight. 她從八歲起就打網(wǎng)球了。
Never truble truble till truble trubles yu. (諺)不要無事惹事。
(4) 表示“一………就”的時(shí)間連詞。主要的有as sn as, the mment, the minute, the secnd, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly, nce, n sner…than, hardly…when等。如:
I'll let yu knw as sn as I hear frm her. 我一接她的信就通知你。
(5) 表示“上次”、“下次”、“每次”等的時(shí)間連詞。主要的有every time(每次),each time(每次),(the) next time(下次),any time(隨時(shí)),(the) last time(上次),the first time(第一次)。如:
I'll tell him abut it (the) next time I see him.
我下一次見到他時(shí),我就把這個(gè)情況告訴他。
注意:every time, each time, any time前不用冠詞,(the) next time, (the) last time中的冠詞可以省略,而the first time中的冠詞通常不能省略。
2. 引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的從屬連詞。這類連詞主要有if, unless, as [s] lng as, in case 等。如:
D yu mind if I pen the windw?我開窗你不介意吧?
注意:在條件狀語從句中,通常要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來意義,而不能直接使用將來時(shí)態(tài)。不過,有時(shí)表示條件的 if之后可能用 will,但那不是將來時(shí)態(tài), 而是表示意愿或委婉的請求(will為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)。如:
If yu will sit dwn fr a few mments, I'll tell the manager yu're here. 請稍坐, 我這就通知經(jīng)理說您來了。
3. 引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的從屬連詞。主要的有because, as, since, seeing (that), nw (that), cnsidering (that) 等。如:
He distrusted me because I was new.他不信任我,因?yàn)槲沂切聛淼摹?br>25【2017·北京】22. —Peter, please send us pstcards ______ we’ll knw where yu have visited.
—N prblem.
A. but B. r C. fr D. s
【答案】D
【解析】試題分析:A. but 但是 B. r 或者 C. fr 因?yàn)? D. s因此 句意: Peter,請給我們寄明信片,因此我們就會(huì)知道你們?nèi)ツ挠斡[過,根據(jù)語境可知前后句之間是因果關(guān)系,故用s,選D。
考點(diǎn):考查并列連詞。
【名師點(diǎn)睛】
并列連詞的用法
1. 表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的并列連詞。這類連詞主要有 but, yet 等。如:
Smene brrwed my pen, but I dn't remember wh.有人借了我的鋼筆,但我不記得是誰了。
2. 表示因果關(guān)系的并列連詞。這類連詞主要有 fr, s 等。如:
The child had a bad cugh, s his mther tk him t the dctr.
這孩子咳得很利害,所以他媽媽帶他去看醫(yī)生。
注意:fr表示結(jié)果通常不能放句首,也不能單獨(dú)使用。
3. 表示并列關(guān)系的并列連詞。這類連詞主要有 and , r , either…r , neither…nr , nt nly…but (als) , bth…and , as well as 等。如:
He didn't g and she didn't g either. 他沒去,她也沒去。
The weather is mild tday; it is neither ht nr cld. 今天天氣很溫暖,不冷也不熱。
表并列、遞進(jìn)或順承關(guān)系
and,bth... and...,neither... nr...,nt nly... but als... ,as well as
表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系
but(不可與althugh/thugh連用), yet
表選擇關(guān)系
either... r... ,nt... but...,r,r else,rather than
表因果關(guān)系
fr(表“由于”,一般不放在句首),s
and與r用
于并列句
祈使句+and+陳述句,and表順承
祈使句+r+陳述句,r表轉(zhuǎn)折
while表對比
強(qiáng)調(diào)對比關(guān)系,意為“然而;而”
時(shí)間狀語從句
when, while, as, befre, after, since, till, until, immediately, as sn as, every time
地點(diǎn)狀語從句
where, wherever
讓步狀語從句
thugh/althugh, even if/even thugh, while, “疑問詞-ever”, “n matter+疑問詞”
條件狀語從句
if, nce, unless, in case, as/s lng as, n cnditin that
原因狀語從句
because, as, since, nw that, seeing that, in that, cnsidering that, fr the reasn that
結(jié)果狀語從句
s that, s/such... that
目的狀語從句
s that, in rder that, fr fear (that), in case
比較狀語從句
than, as... as, nt s... as
方式狀語從句
as, as if/as thugh
when,while,as
當(dāng)……的時(shí)候
He jumped up when the phne rang.
We listened while the teacher read.
The phne rang just as I was leaving.
(as強(qiáng)調(diào)主、從句動(dòng)作同時(shí)或幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生;while從句的謂語動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,不能是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞)
till,until
直到
Jane cmpleted her last nvel Persuasin in 1816,but it was nt published until after her death.(until要與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用; 要與非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用)
since
自從
It is tw years since he jined the army.他參軍兩年了。
It is tw years since he smked.他戒煙兩年了。
(其后所用動(dòng)詞不同,該動(dòng)詞所表示動(dòng)作持續(xù)時(shí)間的計(jì)算方法也不同)
the mment,the minute,the instant,the secnd;n ;;as sn as;directly,
immediately,nce
一……
就……
Tell him the news as sn as yu see him.
I recgnized her the mment (that) I saw her.
I want t see him the minute (that) he arrives.
I went hme directly I had finished wrk.
Once he arrives,we can start.
s that
結(jié)果
He didn’t plan his time well,s that he didn’t finish his wrk in time.
s+形容詞/副詞+that從句
如此……
以至于
……
Xia Ming is s clever that all his teachers like him.
s+形容詞+a/an+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+that從句
It is s beautiful a scenery that many peple lk lst in it.
s+ many/much/little/few+名詞+that從句
There was s little water in the jar that it was nt enugh fr all f us.
such+a/an+形容詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+that從句
We left in such a hurry that we frgt t lck the dr.
such+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞+that從句
They are such interesting bks that I want t read them nce mre.
thugh,althugh
雖然
Althugh/Thugh small,the cmpany has abut 1,000 buyers in ver 30 cuntries.(althugh和thugh用正常語序,可和yet連用,但不可和but連用)
as
雖然
Hard as/thugh he wrks,he makes little prgress.=Thugh he wrks hard,he makes little prgress.
(在讓步狀語從句中常用倒裝形式,可被thugh替換)
even if,even thugh
即使
Even thugh/if yu say s,I d nt believe it.
n matter what,whatever,n matter wh,whever,n matter which,whichever,n matter hw,hwever,n matter when,whenever
無論……
Whever breaks laws will be punished.=N matter wh breaks laws,he/she will be punished.
(“疑問詞+ever”=“n matter +疑問詞”,“疑問詞+ever”也可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句)
while
盡管,雖然
While he lves his students,he is very strict with them.
(一般位于句首,用于句中時(shí),譯為“然而”,表對照對比關(guān)系)
nt
無論(是否)
Whether yu believe it r nt,it is true.

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