As an evlutinary bilgist, bviusly, it wuld be amazing t bring back extinct creatures. But even if we can bring them back, we are nt ging t be able t cntrl hw they will evlve in the future. N man is an island and neither is any ther creature. We need an ecsystem in rder t survive. S we can think a lt abut the examples f reintrducing species int the envirnment, like the gray wlves int Yellwstne Natinal Park. Eclgy is very cmplicated and it certainly wasn't imprtant when we first intrduced rabbits int Australia, which was a ttal disaster eventually.
All animals like birds and mammals have t learn frm their parents. If we bring them back t life, wh are ging t be arund t teach them? We have examples where in Califrnia we've had the reprductin f the cndrs(大禿鷹). What scientists tried t d is feed the babies using a mther cndr puppet. When these pr creatures were released int the wild, they had an unnatural liking fr humans. They didn't behave the way they shuld have, fr cndrs.
Accrding t Perfrming Animal Welfare Sciety, a healthy elephant csts abut $70,000 per year t care fr and an elderly elephant csts a gd deal mre. Of curse, we are nt talking abut ne. We're talking abut many creatures. I dn't think these creatures will have a future.
1.Why des the authr mentin the film in the first paragraph?
A.T recall an amazing mvie.B.T prmte sme extinct species.
C.T intrduce the tpic t be discussed.D.T get t knw sme intelligent scientists.
2.What des the authr want t tell us by the examples in Paragraph 2?
A.Humans need a balanced ecsystem t survive.
B.T bring back extinct creatures was an unwise idea.
C.Helping endangered species prved t be beneficial t humans.
D.There were all srts f psitive effects f reintrducing species.
3.Which animal didn't act in its wn way?
A.The cndr.B.The gray wlf.
C.The rabbit.D.The elephant.
4.What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A.Is Jurassic Park an Amazing Mvie?
B.What D Creatures Need t Survive?
C.Shuld We Bring Extinct Animals Back t Life?
D.Hw Des an Evlutinary Bilgist Prtect Animals?
2. Mst kids can walk int a library r bkstre and find hundreds f bks t read. But it's nt that simple fr kids wh are blind. They read in a different way. Jenny Lee and ther braille(布萊葉盲文) transcribers take the printed wrds f a bk and change them int a cde f raised dts. Blind peple can read these dts with their fingers. T knw what braille feels like, take a ballpint pen and press hard nt a piece f paper. Then turn the paper ver and tuch the raised dt made by the pen pint.
When Lee first saw the dts f the braille alphabet, she wndered if she'd ever be able t read and write them easily. She tk a class and practiced hard fr abut six mnths befre she passed the final exam: she had t cnvert 35 pages f a bk int braille. Tday, Lee wrks fr a publisher. One f her jbs is t change children's bks int braille.
T d this, Lee first types the stry int a cmputer and then uses a cmputer prgram t translate it int the braille cde. Next, she lks ver the translatin several times t make sure it's mistake-free. After that, a cpy f the braille stry is printed with a special printer. Then Lee and a prfreader wrk tgether t find and crrect any mistake. When a bk is ready, many cpies f it are printed. Afterward, sme are sld thrugh websites and thers are sent t libraries.
Smetimes, ging ver a stry again and again gets tiring. That's when Lee takes a break. Several f Jenny Lee's c-wrkers, wh are blind, use guide dgs. When the animals aren't wrking, Lee likes spending a few minutes with them. T her, playing with dgs "is always a pick-me-up in the middle f the day".
"I lve this missin," Lee says. "Thrugh my brain pwer and my fingers, I am putting the dts int sme kids' hands."
1.Hw des the writer explain what braille feels like?
A.By explaining what braille wrds lk like.B.By describing hw blind peple read bks.
C.By asking readers t experience it themselves.D.By giving examples f different braille wrds.
2.What was Lee's first reactin t braille?
A.She was excited t get a new skill.B.She was amazed at the clever idea.
C.She realized she culd teach it herself.D.She believed it wuld be difficult t learn.
3.What des the underlined part "pick-me-up" in Paragraph 4 mst prbably mean?
A.A discussin t release wrk stress.B.Smething t imprve ne's appetite.
C.Smething t help restre ne's spirits.D.A free ride accmpanied by a guide dg.
4.What des Lee think f her jb?
A.Prfitable and hpeful.B.Tiring but meaningful.
C.Relaxing and helpful.D.Bring but challenging.
3.An Ageless Questin: When Is Smene "Old"?
What des "ld" really mean these days? This isn't a meaningless questin—nt nly des the definitin f "ld" have an ut-sized impact n hw we feel abut urselves (nt t mentin hw thers view us), but it als matters t plicymakers determining hw t plan fr aging ppulatins.
The United Natins histrically has defined lder persns as peple aged 60 years and ver (smetimes 65). It didn't matter whether yu lived in the United States, China r Senegal, even thugh life expectancy is quite different in each f thse cuntries. Everyne became ld at 60.
Researchers Sergei Scherbv and Warren Sandersn, wh study aging, are suggesting verturning the ne-size-fits-all definitin f "ld" acrss the glbe. Instead, they talk abut "prspective age", which lks t the future. Everyne with the same prspective age has the same expected remaining years f life.
Scherbv explained "yung" and "ld" are relative cncepts, and that their cmmn reference pint is life expectancy. It makes sense that "ld" wuld vary between natins, especially between mre- and less-develped cuntries, with differences in educatin, death rates, access t health care and life expectancy.
But wh is "ld" als varies widely between individuals. The pint, Scherbv says, is that persnal age is dependent n ur "characteristics"—understanding abilities, disability, health histry and even educatin levels. Thse with mre educatin tend nt t smke, exercise mre frequently, have better diets and have regular checkups—and, therefre, live lnger, meaning the beginning f their ld age cmes later, says Scherbv.
1.What is the first paragraph mainly abut?
A.Hw we feel abut urselves.B.Hw thers view us.
C.The imprtance f the definitin f "ld".D.The plan fr aging ppulatins.
2.What des the underlined phrase "prspective age" in Paragraph 3 refer t accrding t the text?
A.The expected remaining years f ne's life.B.The beginning f ne's ld age.
C.The differences f ur "characteristics".D.The age when ne becmes ld.
3.What similarity des Scherbv think "yung" and "ld" have?
A.The definitin.B.The age range.
C.The death rates.D.The reference pint.
4.Which f the fllwing helps ne t live lnger?
A.Exercising as much as pssible.B.Lsing weight.
C.Studying histry.D.Imprving the educatin level.
4. Dgs can't speak, but their brains respnd t spken wrds. Every dg wner knws that saying "Gd dg!" in a happy, high vice will make their pet jyfully wag its tail. That made scientists curius: What exactly happens in yur dg's brain when it hears praise, and is it similar t the way ur wn brain prcesses such infrmatin?
When a persn gets thers' cmpliments, the mre primitive, subcrtical auditry regins(皮層下聽覺區(qū)) first react t the intnatin—the emtinal frce f spken wrds. Next, the brain taps the mre recently evlved auditry crtex(聽覺皮層) t figure ut the meaning f the wrds, which is learned.
In 2016, a team f scientists discvered that dgs' brains, like thse f humans, cmpute the intnatin and meaning f a wrd separately—althugh dgs use their right brain t d s, whereas we use ur left ne. Still, a puzzle remained: D their brains g thrugh the same steps t prcess apprval?
It's an imprtant questin, because dgs are a speechless species, yet they respnd crrectly t ur wrds. Fr instance, sme dgs are capable f recgnizing thusands f names f individual bjects, and can link each name t a specific bject.
When the scientists studied scans f the brains f pet dgs, they fund that theirs, like urs, prcess the sunds f spken wrds in this manner—analyzing first the emtinal cmpnent with the lder regin f the brain, the subcrtical regins, and then the wrds' meaning with the newer part, the crtex.
See why dgs are s successful in partnering us? Dgs and humans last shared a cmmn ancestr sme 100 millin years ag, s it's likely that ur brains respnd t sunds in a similar way. As dmesticated animals that have evlved alngside humans in ur hmes fr the past 10,000 years, dgs make special use f it t prcess human emtins. Yu knw, what we say really matters t dgs!
1.Which f the fllwing can replace the underlined wrd "dmesticated"?
A.Abrad.B.Hme.C.Gentle.D.Intelligent.
2.What is the first step when a dg's brain ges thrugh t prcess apprval?
A.Linking it t an bject.B.Analyzing the emtin.
C.Wrking ut its meaning.D.Tapping the auditry crtex.
3.Hw des the writer develp the text?
A.By cmparing pinins.B.By raising examples.
C.By prviding answers t questins.D.By analyzing causes and effects.
4.What is the best title fr the text?
A.Dgs—Gd Listeners
B.Dgs—Perfect Partners
C.Dgs and Humans Share a Cmmn Ancestr Actually
D.Dgs Understand Spken Wrds the Same Way We D
5. A new study, published in the jurnal Frntiers in Veterinary Science, reveals that nn-human animals' tears are nt s different frm ur wn. The chemical similarities are s great, in fact, that the cmpsitin f ther species' tears—and hw they're adapted t their envirnments—may prvide insights int better treatments fr human eye disease.
Previusly, scientists had studied clsely nly the tears f a handful f mammals, including humans, dgs, hrses, camels and mnkeys. In the new study, Brazilian veterinarians analyzed the tears f reptiles and birds fr the first time, fcusing n seven species.
Tears, which are released frm tear tubes, frm a film ver the eye that's cmpsed f three ingredients: mucus, water and il. The mucus cats the eye's surface and helps t attach the film t the eye, the water is a natural salty slutin cntaining crucial prteins and minerals, and the il prevents the eye frm drying ut.
Humans are the nly knwn species t prduce emtinal tears; the expressin "crcdile tears", which refers t a persn's phny display f emtin, cmes frm the mysterius tendency f crcdiles t release tears as they eat.
But tears play key rles beynd weeping, ntes Linel Sebbag at Iwa State University, wh was nt invlved in the new research. They help with visin by lubricating and clearing the eye. They als prtect the eye against infectin and prvide nutritin fr the crnea, the eye's clear uter layer, which lacks bld tubes, he says.
Learning hw reptiles and birds use tears may als inspire new medicatins fr cnditins such as dry eye, which ccurs when tear tubes dn't prduce enugh il. The disease, cmmn in cats, dgs, and peple, can smetimes lead t blindness.
1.What is Paragraph 3 mainly abut?
A.The surce f tears.B.The cmpsitin f tears.
C.The classificatin f tears.D.The definitin f tears.
2.What des the underlined wrd "phny" in Paragraph 4 mean?
A.Tricky.B.Regretful.C.Cld.D.False.
3.Which statement des Linel Sebbag agree with?
A.Weeping cntributes t eye disease.B.The crnea has rich bld tubes.
C.Tears il and clear the eyes.D.Mre tears mean better visin.
4.What might be the best title fr the text?
A.Tears, a Barrier t EyesB.A Better Treatment fr the Eye Disease
C.Nn-human Tears Prmise New CuresD.Other Species' Tears Are Similar t Humans'
6.When learning a freign language, mst peple fall back n traditinal methds: reading, writing, listening and repeating. But if yu als gesture with yur arms while studying, yu can remember the vcabulary better, even mnths later. Linking a wrd t brain areas respnsible fr mvement strengthens the memry f its meaning.
As neurscientist Brian Mathias and his clleagues describe in the Jurnal f Neurscience, they had 22 German-speaking adults learn a ttal f 90 invented artificial wrds （such as "lamube" fr "camera" and "atesi" fr "thught"） ver fur days. While the test subjects first heard the new vcabulary, they were simultaneusly （同時地） shwn a vide f a persn making a gesture that matched the meaning f the wrd. When the wrd was repeated, they were suppsed t perfrm the gesture themselves. Five mnths later, they were asked t translate the vcabulary they had learned int German in a multiple-chice test.
At the same time, they had a device attached t their heads that sent weak pulses t their primary mtr crtex （皮層）-the brain area that cntrls vluntary arm mvements. When these interfering （干擾） signals were active, the subjects fund it harder t recall the wrds accmpanied by gestures. When the device sent n interfering signals （but still appeared t the subjects t be active）, they fund it easier t remember the wrds. The researchers cncluded that the mtr crtex cntributed t the translatin f the vcabulary learned with gestures. This applied t cncrete wrds, such as “camera, ” as well as abstract nes, such as “thught. ”
“Our results prvide evidence fr why learning techniques that invlve the bdy's mtr system shuld be used mre ften, ” says Mathias. “I think we underuse gesture in ur classrms. Peple use it spntaneusly （自發(fā)地）, if they're gd teachers and gd listeners. But we dn't necessarily bring it int the class if we dn't think abut it. ”
1. What were the subjects required t d in the test?
A. Repeat what ther subjects describe.
B. Fllw what the persn in the vide did.
C. Match the vcabulary with relative pictures.
D. Translate the vcabulary int a freign language.
2. Why were pulses sent t the subjects' mtr crtex?
A. T cntrl their bdy mvements.
B. T shelter ther interfering signals.
C. T identify the functin f the mtr crtex.
D. T cnfirm the abstract thughts in their mind.
3. What is Brian Mathias's expectatin f the research?
A. It will be carried ut mre frequently. B. It will invlve mre cncrete bjects.
C. It will be applied t classrm teaching. D. It will mtivate his clleagues t participate.
4. What is the best title fr the text?
A. Gd Learning Techniques Matter MreB. Repeating Strengthens Memry
C. Bdy Language Betters CmmunicatinD. Gestures Help Learn New Wrds
7.As a financial adviser, my clients cme t me seeking help with grwing their wealth. Perhaps the greatest lessn I share is that being rich isn't a dllar amunt; it is a perceptin that includes happiness, peace f mind, cmfrt and security. There's a big difference between being wealthy and feeling wealthy.
Actually, ne f the best ways I advise thers in building their wealth is this: The secret t having mre is giving mre. Studies have shwn that peple wh vlunteer weekly exhibit an increase in happiness. Dnating yur time makes yu grateful fr all that yu have, and yu'll have the unmatched jy and excitement f knwing yu made a huge impact fr the gd f thers.
Vlunteering enables yu t increase yur relatinship skills and encurages yu t have cnversatins with peple frm very different walks f life. Yu can even make new friends. It is als a wnderful activity that families can d tgether. This has the added benefit f serving as a gd rle mdel t yur children. I am encuraging my kids t vlunteer and experience the pwer f lve fr themselves.
Withut fail, every time I vlunteer, I have cnversatins that change my life in sme way. I was nce vlunteering at a lcal shelter and struck up a cnversatin with ther vlunteers. As we chatted, we all suddenly realized: The massive gratitude f thse receiving help acted like a nuclear bmb ging ff in ur hearts, and it als tuched the ther vlunteers, making us all realize hw truly blessed we are.
Giving ur time, mney and energy gives us a sense f achievement like nthing else. If "wealth" really is a perceptin f happiness, cmfrt and security, we must learn t get utside ur wn experience and understand what wealth means t ther peple.
1. What is the authr's understanding f wealth?
A. It is mre f a state f mind.B. It gives ne the duty t help thers.
C. It has smething t d with finance.D. It lifts peple's spirits like nthing else.
2.What makes a persn appreciate what he has already wned?
A. Winning peple's recgnitin.B.Spending time helping thers.
C.Making a deep impressin n thers.D. Imprving ne's interpersnal skills.
3.What is paragraph 3 mainly abut?
A. Benefits f vlunteering.B.Parents' rles in a family.
C. Imprtance f scial skills.D. Ways f being a vlunteer.
4.Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text?
A.A Rad t Real Wealth in LifeB.A Lessn in Wealth Management
C.A Different Way t Pursue HappinessD.A Life-changing Vlunteering Experience
8.When we see smene fr the first time, we interpret many tiny things frm their faces. But since the pandemic began, we have ften been interacting with peple whse faces we can nly half see. And this ges bth ways, weakening ur ability t ffer a friendly smile. S what des it mean t g mre than a year withut seeing smiles as steadily as we did befre?
A 2020 research paper in the Jurnal f Csmetic Dermatlgy fund that dividing the face int a visible half and invisible half might enhance the perceptin f negative emtins and decrease the perceptin f psitive emtins. “Emtins such as surprise that use the muth may be mistaken fr strngly negative emtins such as anger r sadness and a smile may seem diminished r less genuine when the teeth and lips are cvered, the authrs wrte.
Peter Revenaugh has been studying hw peple interpret faces fr years. He knws this firsthand. As a surgen wh ften wears masks arund patients, he is careful t use ther cues t be clear when, fr example, he is making a jke. Sme f my jkes fall flat, he said "because they’re nt really sure. They can’t see me smiling."
Ways t adjust t restricted facial cmmunicatin include making mre f an effrt t analyse psitivity. Peple can emplya cadence(抑揚頓挫)t their speech t guide thers, fr example. Crinkling the crners f the eyes, a lighter tne f the vice, all can help. Revenaugh has tried t use his eyes mre t express meaning. “Our eyes crinkle at the crner when we’re ding a true smile, and mst peple arund the wrld recgnize that as a happy feeling, he said.
And when Revenaugh is with a patient bth masked and he is jking?
“I’ll simply say, 'I’m jking.'" he said.
1. What can be inferred frm paragraph 2?
A. Surprise is mainly expressed thrugh the eyes.
B. Negative emtins always invlve the muth.
C. Half f ur emtins are mistaken due t wearing masks
D. The muth can be very helpful in interpreting an emtin
2. What gives Revenaugh an advantage in understanding the perceptin femtins?
A. His ccupatin.B. His persnality.
C. His sense f humr.D. His interpreting skills.
3. Hw des Revenaugh make sure his jkes dn’t fall flat?
A.By whispering his jkes t peple.
B.By making gestures with his hands.
C.By identifying his patients in a psitive way.
D.By telling his intentin directly t the patients.
4.What culd be the best title f the text?
A.Side Effects f Facial Cmmunicatin B.Bringing Back Smiles in the Pandemic
C.Hw t Imprve Masked Cmmunicatin D.Hw t Change the Way Peple Wear Masks
9.If it weren’t fr passinate peple, this wuld be a dull wrld indeed.
Peter Cavanagh, f Lpez Island certainly qualifies in the passinate categry, having taken 600,000 pictures f birds all ver the wrld in the past 13years. Cavanagh73is a retired prfessr in the University f Washingtn. He minred in math and is an instrument-rated pilt. His pictures mstly capture birds in flight nt n a perch(棲息).
“I have a sense f wnder at flight because it is the mst highly cmplex frm f mvement in the entire animal kingdm,” says Cavanagh. “Humans have spent mre than six centuries trying t imitate bird flight but still have nt prduced flying machines with all f the cmplexity, flexibility and perfrmance that is cmmnplace fr birds.” Fr birds, the math f it all just happens. A small bird such as the American kestrel, the smallest falcn(獵鷹)in ur regin at abut 4 unces, sits and waits fr prey.
Meanwhile, t achieve flight, a 90-tn cmmercial jet is filled with electrnics and cmputer systems. “Birds have flying abilities we have nt cme clse t matching in airplanes,” says Cavanagh. The Ryal Acrnautical Sciety in Lndn, in a January 2021 psting, tld h researchers at the University f Denmark did cmputer design f a Being 777 wing based n a bird’s wings. It was 5% lighter, which matters in fuel csts. In 2019, Airbus prduced a Bird f Prey" design that mimicked the eagle’s wing and tail structure fr flight cntrl.
Cavanagh enjys every minute f waiting and waiting, and waiting, starting at sunrise t capture thse images. “I am happiest in truly wild places where the human is a tlerated guest and they are the wrld f wild animals.”
1. What is Peter Cavanagh’s passin?
A. Math educatin.B. Bird phtgraphy.
C. Airplane engineering. D. Wilderness explratin.
2. Why did the authr mentin the American kestrel?
A.T cmpare the sizes and weights f the birds.
B.T shw the imprtance f math in bimechanics
C.T prve the unmatched flying abilities f birds.
D.T stress the diversity f native American species.
3. What des the underlined wrd “mimicked” mean in paragraph 4?
A. Imitated.B. Abandned.C. Outperfrmed.D. Discvered.
4.Which wrd best describes Peter Cavanagh’s attitude t nature accrding t the last paragraph?
A. Skeptical.B. Respectful.C. Objective.D. Indifferent.
10.When yu travel n a Lndn bus, we want yu t have the best experience pssible. If yu haven’t used ur services befre, here are sme tips fr yur reference.
Face cverings. Yu must wear a face cvering, ver yur nse and muth, fr the full uratin f jurneys n the public transprt netwrk. If yu d nt, yu culd be denied travel, receive a minimum ￡200 fine which will duble each time yu are caught nt wearing a face cvering, up t ￡6,400.
Quieter times and places. The quieter times t travel n public transprt are 08:15-16:00 and after 17:30 n weekdays, and befre nn and after 18:00 n weekends. These times may change as schls and ffices start t repen.
Cash-free travel. All buses in Lndn are cash-free. This means yu will need t have an Oyster card cntactless payment, r a valid ticket t travel n a Lndn bus.
Getting ff a bus. Next stp infrmatin is displayed n the infrmatin screens and annunced n all f ur buses. When yur stp is displayed and annunced please press the bell nce and in gd time. This lets the driver knw yu intend t get ff.
Bus Statin Cntrller Offices. Get help with travel advice, rute and bus stp infrmatin and departure times, reprt any safety cncerns r hand in lst prperty.
1. What is required when yu use the bus services?
A. Paying in cash.B. Wearing a mask.
C. Listening fr the bell.D. Travelling at quieter hurs.
2.What can passengers d at the cntrller ffice?
A. Recver lst items. B. Prvide sme services.
C. Read safety instructins. D. Apply fr an Oyster card.
3. Which statin can be travelers’ chice at midnight?
A. Vauxhall.B. Walthamstw.
C. Stratfrd Reginal. D. West Crydn.
答案以及解析
1.答案：1-4 CBAC
解析：1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句Nw sme very smart scientists are wrking n a way t revive, nt dinsaurs, but ther extinct species...可知, 作者提到《侏羅紀公園》這部電影是為了引出"是否應(yīng)該復(fù)活滅絕物種"的話題, 故選C項。
2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的 are nt ging t be able t cntrl hw they will evlve in the future.可知, 作者用兔子被引入澳大利亞后造成了一場大災(zāi)難的例子來告訴我們, 生態(tài)很復(fù)雜, 復(fù)活滅絕的生物是很不明智的, 故選B項。
3.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的When these pr creatures were released int the wild, they had an unnatural liking fr humans. They didn't behave the way they shuld have, fr cndrs.可知, 對于大禿鷹來說, 它們的行為不像正常狀態(tài), 故選A項。
4.主旨大意題。通讀全文可知, 本文以"是否應(yīng)該讓滅絕的動物復(fù)活?"為話題展開討論, 詳細陳述了不支持讓滅絕動物復(fù)活的原因; C項"我們應(yīng)該讓滅絕的動物復(fù)活嗎?"為最佳標題, 故選C項。
2.答案：1-4 CDCB
解析：1.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的 a ballpint pen and press hard nt a piece f paper. Then turn the paper ver and tuch the raised dt made by the pen pint.可知, 作者讓讀者觸摸圓珠筆在紙上扎出的點, 以此來親身體驗盲文是什么感覺, 故選C項。
2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的When Lee first saw the dts f the braille alphabet, she wndered if she'd ever be able t read and write them easily.可知, 李對自己是否能夠輕松閱讀并書寫盲文存疑, 再結(jié)合后文說她努力學(xué)習(xí)了六個月才通過最終考試可知, 她對盲文的第一反應(yīng)應(yīng)是覺得它很難學(xué)會, 故選D項。
3.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的Smetimes, ging ver a stry again and again gets few minutes with them.可推知, 這項工作單一重復(fù), 有時會讓人疲憊, 但是和狗一起玩的時間會令人放松; C項意為"幫助恢復(fù)精神的東西", 與畫線處為同義表達, 故選C項。
4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的關(guān)鍵詞tiring以及最后一段"Thrugh my brain pwer and my fingers, I am putting the dts int sme kids' hands."可知, 作者認為她的工作雖然累人但有意義, 故選B項。
3.答案：1-4 CADD
解析：1.主旨大意題。第一段中的What des "ld" really mean these days? This isn't a meaningless questin—nt it als...對人什么時候變"老"這一問題的重要性進行了闡述, 由此可推知, 第一段主要是關(guān)于"老"的定義的重要性, 故選C項。
2.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線部分后的定語從句which lks t the future以及進一步的解釋Everyne with the same prspective age has the same expected remaining years f life.可推知, 畫線短語prspective age意為"人的預(yù)期剩余壽命", 故選A項。
3.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的Scherbv explained "yung" and "ld" are relative cncepts, and that their cmmn reference pint is life expectancy.可知, "年輕"和"年老"是以預(yù)期壽命為共同參照點的對相對概念, 由此可推知, 謝爾波夫認為"年輕"和"年老"概念的相似之處是它們的參照點相同, 故選D項。
4.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句Thse with mre educatin tend nt t , therefre, live lnger, meaning the beginning f their ld age cmes later, says Scherbv.可知, 受教育程度較高的人壽命更長, 由此可推知, 提高教育水平有助于長壽, 故選D項。
4.答案：1-4 BBCD
解析：1.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞后的定語從句that have evlved alngside humans in ur hmes fr the past 10,000 years可知, 這些動物在過去的一萬年里與人類在家中共同進化, 結(jié)合上文的pet dgs和下文的in ur hmes可推知dmesticated意為"馴化的; 家養(yǎng)的", 故選B項。
2.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中的analyzing first the emtinal cmpnent with the lder regin f the brain可知, 狗的大腦分析夸贊的語言時, 首先要做的是分析話語的情感成分, 故選B項。
3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句What exactly happens in yur dg's brain when it hears praise, and is it similar t the way ur wn brain prcesses such infrmatin?和第三段最后一句Still, a puzzle remained: D their brains g thrugh the same steps t prcess apprval?以及最后一段第一句See why dgs are s successful in partnering us?可推知, 本文是通過提出問題并給出答案的方式組織內(nèi)容的, 故選C項。
4.主旨大意題。文章首段提出疑問"為什么狗能聽懂人類講話?"文章圍繞此進行分析, 得出結(jié)論, 最后一段中的Dgs and humans last shared a respnd t sunds in a similar way.說明狗和人類大約在一億年前擁有共同的祖先, 我們的大腦對聲音的反應(yīng)和狗對聲音的反應(yīng)很可能是類似的, 由此可推知, D項"狗理解話語的方式和我們一樣"為最佳標題, 故選D項。
5.答案：1-4 BDCC
解析：1.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段中的Tears, which are released frm tear , water and il.可知, 眼淚在眼睛上形成一層薄膜, 由三種成分組成: 黏液、水和油脂。下文具體闡釋三種成分, 由此可推知, 第三段主要講了眼淚的成分, 故選B項。
2.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞所在句可知, 鱷魚流淚不是因為情感, 而是因為鱷魚進食的時候會流淚, 所以"鱷魚的眼淚"指的是一個人虛假的情感表達, 由此可推知畫線詞phny意為"虛假的", 故選D項。
3.細節(jié)理解題。由題干中的Linel Sebbag可定位至倒數(shù)第二段, 由該段中的But tears play key rles beynd weeping, ntes Linel Sebbag at Iwa State clearing the eye.可知, 萊昂內(nèi)爾?塞巴格指出, 眼淚除了起哭泣的作用, 還通過潤滑和清潔眼睛來對視力產(chǎn)生幫助, 由此可推知, 萊昂內(nèi)爾?塞巴格可能會同意C項"眼淚可以潤滑和清潔眼睛"的觀點, 故選C項。
4.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段的一項新研究可知, 動物的眼淚可能為更好地治療人類眼疾提供了思路, 下文具體說明這一研究結(jié)論; C項"動物的眼淚預(yù)示著新的治療方法"為最佳標題, 故選C項。
6.答案：1-4 BCCD
解析：1.細節(jié)理解題。 根據(jù)第二段While the test subjects first heard the new vcabulary, they were simultaneusly (同時地） shwn a vide f a persn making a gesture that matched the meaning f the wrd. When the wrd was repeated, they were suppsed t perfrm the gesture themselves.(當測試對象第一次聽到新詞匯時，他們同時看到了一段視頻，視頻中有人做了一個與單詞意思相匹配的手勢。當這個詞被重復(fù)時，他們應(yīng)該自己做這個手勢。）可知，測試對象被要求重復(fù)視頻里的人所做的事。故選B。2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段The researchers cncluded that the mtr crtex cntributed t the translatin f the vcabulary learned with gestures.(研究人員得出結(jié)論，運動皮層有助于翻譯通過手勢學(xué)習(xí)的詞匯。）可知，發(fā)送脈沖是為了確認運動皮層的功能。故選C。3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段I think we underuse gesture in ur classrms.(我認為我們在課堂上沒有充分利用手勢。）可知，Brian Mathias認為這一研究可以用于課堂教學(xué)。故選C。4.標題歸納題。 根據(jù)第一段But if yu als gesture with yur arms while studying, yu can remember the vcabulary better, even mnths later. Linking a wrd t brain areas respnsible fr mvement strengthens the memry f its meaning.(但如果你在學(xué)習(xí)的時候也用手臂做手勢，即使幾個月后，你也能更好地記住詞匯。將一個單詞與大腦負責(zé)運動的區(qū)域聯(lián)系起來，可以加強對其含義的記憶。）可知，文章主要介紹了當學(xué)習(xí)一門外語時，大多數(shù)都采取了傳統(tǒng)的方法：讀、寫、聽和重復(fù)。但是如果你在學(xué)習(xí)的同時加上手勢動作，可以幫助你更好地記住詞匯。所以D.Gestures Help Learn New Wrds（手勢有助于學(xué)習(xí)新單詞）作為文章標題最為合適。故選D。
7.答案：1-4 ABAA
解析：1.推理判斷題。 根據(jù)第一段中 的“Perhaps the greatest lessn I share is that being rich isn't a dllar amunt; it is a perceptin that includes happiness, peace f mind, cmfrt and security.(也許我分享的最重要的經(jīng)驗是，富有不是錢的數(shù)目；這是一種包括幸福、心靈舒適和安全感的感知）”可推斷，作者對財富的理解是，它更多的是一種精神狀態(tài)。故選A。2.細節(jié)理解題。 根據(jù)第二段中的“Dnating yur time makes yu grateful fr all that yu have, and yu'll have the unmatched jy and excitement f knwing yu made a huge impact fr the gd f thers.(奉獻你的時間會讓你感激你所擁有的一切，你會擁有無與倫比的喜悅和興奮，因為知道你為他人的利益產(chǎn)生了巨大的影響）”可知，花時間幫助別人會讓一個人感激他已經(jīng)擁有的一切。故選B。3.主旨大意題。 根據(jù)第三段中的“This has the added benefit f serving as a gd rle mdel t yur children.(這樣做還有一個額外的好處，那就是給你的孩子樹立一個好榜樣）”及整段內(nèi)容可知，本段的重點都是闡述做志愿服務(wù)的好處。故選A。4.主旨大意題。 根據(jù)第一段中的“As a financial adviser, my clients cme t me seeking help with grwing their wealth.(作為一名理財顧問, 我的客戶來向我尋求財富增長的幫助)”和最后一段中的“If“wealth”really is a perceptin f happiness, cmfrt and security, we must learn t get utside ur wn experience and understand what wealth means t ther peple.(如果“財富”真的是一種幸福、 舒適和安全的感覺，我們必須學(xué)會走出自己的經(jīng)驗，了解財富對其他人意味著什么）”及全文內(nèi)容可知，文章主要介紹了對財富的正確認識，有錢不一定富有，當志愿者與別人分享時間、金錢、精力時，他們才是真正富有的人。由此可知，“A Rad t Real Wealth in Life(通往真正財富的道路）”作為文章標題最為合適。故選A。
8.答案：1-4 DADC
解析：1.推理判斷題。 根據(jù)第二段的“Emtins such as surprise that use the muth may be mistaken fr strngly negative emtins such as anger r sadness, and a smile may seem diminished r less genuine when the teeth and lips are cvered(用嘴表達的驚訝等情緒可能會被誤認為是憤怒或悲傷等強烈的負面情緒，而當牙齒和嘴唇被遮住時，微笑可能會顯得不那么真誠。）”可知，在詮釋一種情緒時，嘴巴很有幫助。故選D。2.推理判斷題。 根據(jù)第三段的“As a surgen wh ften wears masks arund patients, he is careful t use ther cues t be clear(作為一名外科醫(yī)生，他在病人身邊經(jīng)常戴著口罩，所以他會小心地使用其他線索來表達清楚）”可知，Revenaugh在理解情感感知方面有優(yōu)勢是因為他的職業(yè)，故選A。3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的“I'll simply say, I'm jking.(我會簡單地說，‘我在開玩笑’。）”可知，Revenaugh為了確保他的笑話不會失敗，他會直接告訴病人他的意圖，故選D。4.主旨大意題。 通讀全文， 尤其是第四段的“Ways t adjust t restricted facial cmmunicatin include making mre f an effrt t analyse psitivity. Peple can emply a cadence t their speech t guide thers, fr example. Crinkling the crners f the eyes, a lighter tne f the vice, all can help.(適應(yīng)有限的面部交流的方法包括努力分析積極的一面。例如，人們可以用自己的抑揚頓挫來引導(dǎo)別人。皺起眼角，輕聲細語，這些都有幫助。）”可知，本文主要講的是戴口罩會減少我們對于積極情緒的感知及如何應(yīng)對，也就是在戴著口罩的情況下如何進行有效的交流，因此最好的題目是C選項“Hw t Imprve Masked Cmmunicatin(如何改善蒙面溝通）”，故選C。
9.答案：1-4 BCAB
解析：1.考查細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干：What is Peter Cavanagh's passin?鎖定到第二段第一句：Peter Cavanagh, f Lpez Island certainly qualifies in the passinate categry, having taken 600,000 pictures f birds all ver the wrld in the past 13 years.因此選B。2.考查推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段中的：Humans have spent mre than six centuries trying t imitate bird flight but still have nt prduced flying machines with all f the cmplexity, flexibility and perfrmance that is cmmnplace fr birds.證明了鳥類無與倫比的飛行能力，我們還是望塵莫及。故選C。3.考查詞義理解題。根據(jù)劃線詞前面的：“In 2019, Airbus prduced a Bird f Prey”design以及它后面的：“the eagle's wing and tail structure fr flight cntrl”不難看出A Imitated(模仿）為正確答案。4.考查推理判斷題。從文章開頭第一句：If it weren't fr passinate peple, this wuld be a dull wrld indeed.以及最后一段的內(nèi)容，可知B是正確答案。
10.答案：1-3 BAC
解析：1.考查細節(jié)理解題。 根據(jù)題干：What is required when yu use the bus services?鎖定到：標題：Face cverings. 以及第二段第一行的：Yu must wear a face cvering, ver yur nse and muth, fr the full uratin f jurneys n the public transprt netwrk.可知 B 為正確答案。
2.考查細節(jié)理解題. 根據(jù)題干：What can passengers d at the cntrller ffice?鎖定到： 標題：Bus Statin Cntrller Offices.以及該段第二行的：... reprt any safety cncerns r hand in lst prperty.可知A 項為正確答案。3.考查細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干中的： midnight?可知只有C項符合要求（一周7天，每天24小時）。
Vauxhall Bus Statin
Mnday t Friday,06:30-22:00
Saturday/Sunday,10:00-18:00
33 Bndway, Lambeth SW8 2LN
Walthamstw Bus Statin
Mnday t Sunday06:30-22:00
Selbrne Rad, Waltham Frest E17 7JP
Stratfrd Reginal Bus Statin
24 hurs 7 days
Great Eastern Rad, Newham E15 1XD
West Crydn Bus Statin
Mnday t Saturday06:30-22:00
Sunday, 10:00-18:00
Statin Rad Crydn CR0 2RD

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