?閱讀理解 訓(xùn)練題
1.??? Every two weeks, the time period after which many people collect a paycheck, a language dies.
??? So concerning is the potential for language loss that the National Science Foundation launched the Documenting Endangered Languages program to advance knowledge related to endangered human languages. The launch of the program is even more urgent given the fact that about half of all current languages being used in the world have been classified in varying degrees of endangerment.
??? At the University of Arizona, which is an important site for language preservation, a number of researchers are involved in activities meant to document endangered and lost languages. Others are working to help preserve languages classified as "moribund", meaning that no children are learning their native languages as their first languages in their own homes.
??? A number of UA programs—some of them decades old—are dedicated to language preservation. Most recently, Christian Ruvalcaba, a graduate student, launched "The Language Capital Project" and created maps for corresponding website to help non-national language speakers to find and connect with one another.
??? "Languages allow people to create an identity for themselves and as community members," said Elizabeth Kickham, a visiting professor in the UA Department of Linguistics. "Language is so closely tied to culture: it not only reflects cultural practices, it is also influenced by them. Language and culture influence each other, so it's difficult to separate them. You can, but you will lose something when you do."
??? "One of the advantages of studying at the University of Arizona is the wealth of linguistic diversity to be found among the student population," said Kickham, who involved her students in language preservation training this semester.
??? "Exposure to diverse populations, including languages, enables a richer understanding of the human experience," Kickham said. "Languages are beautiful. When people hear someone speaking a language they needn't feel that the person doesn't know how to speak English but rather that person has a wealth of resources."
1.Why did the National Science Foundation launch the program?
A.To bring back lost languages.
B.To develop endangered languages.
C.To increase understanding of endangered languages.
D.To investigate the number of endangered languages.
2.What do the maps created by Ruvalcaba inform people about?
A.Where there is a website for lost languages.
B.Where non-national language speakers live.
C.Where they can learn the national language.
D.Where they can communicate in their native language.
3.What did Kickham want to point out according to what she said?
A.The influence of cultural practices. B.The importance of diverse languages.
C.A need for language preservation training. D.A better understanding of different cultures.
4.What is the best title for the text?
A.Language Loss Calls for Preservation B.Language Reflects Human Self-identity
C.Preserving Non-national Language D.Identifying the Causes of Language Loss
2.??? A new study published in the journal Nature Communications has concluded that a 100 percent change to organic(有機(jī)的) food production in England and Wales would actually lead to a great increase in greenhouse gas emissions. In turn, this would contribute to further climate change.
??? Although organic farming directly pours out fewer emissions than conventional farming—around 20 percent lower for crops and 4 percent for farm animals—it produces notably less food. As to this study's findings, total organic agriculture in England and Wales would produce 40 percent less food. With less food in the market, the countries would need to increase food imports, which would produce more global greenhouse gas emissions.
??? Organic farming also increases the amount of absorbing carbon, a process where carbon dioxide (CO2) is "absorbed" out of the atmosphere and captured by plants and stored in the soil. However, even a total change to organic farming would only be equal to a tiny part of the higher emissions from overseas land use.
??? "We predict a drop in total food production of 40 percent under a fully organic farming process, compared to conventional farming, if we keep to the same national diet," Dr. Adrian Williams, lead author and reader in Agni-Environmental Systems at Cranfield University, said in a statement. "This results from lower crop quantity, because output is limited by a lower supply of nitrogen, which is mainly from other crops or solid waste from cattle on the grassland."
??? Nevertheless, it is important to note that organic farming still holds some useful benefits for the environment, such as reducing exposure to chemicals and improving the varieties of creatures. In conclusion, the study suggests that organic farming will continue to play a key role in resolving the world's environmental problems. However, it's just one part of a much wider solution.
1.What will total organic agriculture bring to England?
A.More main food. B.More species crop.
C.More food imports. D.More fresh oxygen.
2.How does organic farming increase the amount of absorbing carbon?
A.By taking in CO2. B.By changing CO2.
C.By giving off CO2. D.By producing CO2.
3.What is the last paragraph mainly about?
A.The ways to reduce organic farming. B.The results caused by organic farming.
C.The solution to the environment problems. D.The advantages of organic farming.
4.Which of the following is the best title of the text?
A.Organic Farming, Green Food B.Organic Farming, Our Hope in Future
C.Organic Farming, a Mistake We Made D.Organic Farming, a Double-edged Sword
3.??? Human societies developed food preferences based on what was available and what the group decided it liked most. Those preferences were then passed along as socially learned behaviors, values, knowledge and customs that make up culture. Besides humans, many other social animals are believed to exhibit forms of culture in various ways, too.
??? In fact, according to a new study led by Harvard scientist Liran Samuni, bonobos(倭黑猩猩), one of our closest living relatives, could be the latest addition to the list.
??? The researchers studied the hunting and feeding habits of two neighboring groups of bonobos in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Analyzing the data, they saw many similarities in the lives of the two bonobo groups—the Ekalakala and the Kokoalongo. They also both have the access and opportunity to hunt the same kind of prey(獵物). This, however, is precisely where researchers noticed a striking difference.
??? The groups consistently preferred to hunt and feast on two different types of prey. The Ekalakala group went after an anomalure(鱗尾松鼠). The Kokoalongo group on the other hand, favored a duiker(小羚羊).
??? "It's basically like two human cultures exploiting a common resource in different ways," says Samuni. "Think about two cultures living close to each other but having different preferences: one prefers chicken while the other is more of a beef-eating culture."
??? Using statistical modeling, the researchers found that the only variable that could reliably predict prey preference was whether the hunters were team Ekalakala or team Kokoalongo.
??? The researchers haven't yet investigated how the bonobo groups learned this hunting preference, but through their analysis they were able to rule out ecological factors or genetic differences. Basically, it means all evidence points toward this being a learned social behavior.
??? "If our closest living relatives have some cultural traits(特征), then it's likely our ancestors already had some capacity for culture," Samuni says.
1.What do Paragraphs 3 and 4 mainly talk about?
A.The background of the study. B.The process of the study.
C.The findings of the study. D.The challenges of doing the study.
2.How does Samuni like the two bonobo groups' different hunting preferences?
A.They are an unusual phenomenon. B.They are a learned social behavior.
C.They contradict human cultures. D.They show bonobos' high intelligence.
3.Which of the following could influence the bonobos' prey preference?
A.The timing of hunting. B.Their hunting techniques.
C.The communities they belong to. D.Their surrounding environment.
4.What might the findings of the bonobos' hunting preference indicate?
A.When human society was born. B.How human society developed.
C.What helped human culture change. D.How human culture first appeared.
4.??? "We can't play tennis because you don't have the net." I was standing on a suburban street when Eric, the boy next door, said that to me. Two rackets in hand, I felt my face burning and anger spread through my 10-year-old body.
??? "I don't have the net? You don't have the net. Your father and mother don't have the net," I yelled, firing at him with what I thought was a hurt. I just had to make him understand that I had plenty of net. Eric was speechless. He admitted that indeed, he and his family had neither a tennis court nor the net, but he seemed unable to make sense of my reaction to this shortcoming.
??? As a new arrival to the United States, armed with limited English words, I had thought that "net" meant "manners". Eric didn't want to play with me because I lacked good manners. It was only after I stormed home that my brother, who had been in America for a decade, explained where I had gone wrong.
??? Language barriers are the most common communication barriers. Even when we speak the same language, understanding and being understood can be difficult, not to mention communicating in a foreign language. And confusion and amusement follows—a phenomenon that is common in sitcom. For example, in a 1970s British sitcom, a foreign student says "squeeze me", instead of "excuse me", to his young principal.
??? That's the thing with languages. Though the languages are technically the same, the meanings, implications and interpretations of words are different. No two people really speak the same one. But in order to be understood, we should be willing to use more words and expressions and have the patience to find out more about what is happening to get a whole picture of the situation.
1.Why was the author angry?
A.Eric refused to lend him a bat. B.He thought Eric was rude to him.
C.Eric laughed at his limited English. D.He had to play tennis without the net.
2.What made the author fail to understand Eric properly?
A.His bad manners. B.His poor background.
C.His limited vocabulary. D.His violent character.
3.Which of the following can replace the underlined word "stormed" in Paragraph 3?
A.Went angrily. B.Left hurriedly.
C.Attacked suddenly. D.Disappeared completely.
4.What does the author think of language barriers?
A.They are worsened by sitcoms.
B.They contribute to cultural differences.
C.They can be overcome by sending and receiving ideas.
D.They exist even between speakers of the same language.
5.??? There is more that comes with older age than graying hair and wrinkled skin. When humans reach their later years, they favor more established friends and their social circle is reduced.
??? Now, for what appears to be the first time, scientists have seen the same behavior in another species. Twenty years of observations of chimpanzees reveal that older males choose to hang out with their long-term friends at the expense of other relationships.
??? The researchers studied 78,000 hours of observations made between 1996 and 2016 that followed the social interactions of 21 male chimpanzees between the ages of 15 and 58 years old. They classified the chimps' relationships depending on the amount of time they sat with others and groomed them. They then rated the various pairings as mutual friendships, where both chimps seemed to enjoy the relationship; one-sided friendships, where one chimp was more keen to be friends than the other; and non-friendships, where neither chimp showed interest in the other.
??? When the scientists looked at the patterns of friendships, they found that the older chimps had more mutual friendships and fewer one-sided friendships than younger chimps. Another feature seen in older humans was also spotted in the chimps. As the males got older, their levels of aggression tailed off, meaning they started fewer fights and tended to intimidate others in their group less often.
??? The observations have left the researchers puzzled. According to an idea in psychology known as socio-emotional selectivity theory, or SST, older humans prefer more positive relationships because they are aware that time is running out. But many animal experts argue that chimpanzees lack the human sense of mortality(生命的有限性), suggesting something else is driving the behavior.
??? Robin Dunbar, a professor of evolutionary psychology at the University of Oxford, said, "in humans, the decline in social circles with age is due to declining social motivation to get out and meet people combined by lack of opportunity." "In chimpanzees, as older males compete less for mates, they may focus on close, reciprocal(互惠的) relationships with trusted partners," another professor said.
1.What do older male chimpanzees favor?
A.Old friendships. B.New bonds.
C.Wrinkled skin. D.Graying hair.
2.How did the researchers draw their conclusion about chimpanzees?
A.By turning to other scientists. B.By introducing a new concept.
C.By forming relationships with them. D.By analyzing two decades' observations.
3.What does the underlined word "intimidate" in Paragraph 4 mean?
A.Threaten. B.Motivate. C.Defend. D.Accompany.
4.According to the last paragraph, what accounts for declining social circles in chimpanzees?
A.Awareness of time. B.Less competition for mates.
C.Low motivation for socialization. D.Lack of the human sense of mortality.
6.??? Asthma(哮喘) attacks happen when people are allergic to something in the air. When attacks happen, the airways in their lungs tighten and make it hard to breathe. More troublesome, people do not know when an attack will happen. But now, smartphones can help stop attacks.
??? Propeller Health is a company in Wisconsin. It wants to help those with breathing problems by using technology along with medicine. The company fitted an inhaler(吸入器) with a Bluetooth sensor, which connects to a smartphone app. The inhaler is full of medicine that stops an asthma attack when breathed in. When the patient uses the inhaler, the smartphone records when and where the person has an attack. The app then stores the records for doctors. The app not only tells doctors about the attack but also helps them figure out if there is something happening around the patient that makes the asthma worse. Chris Hogg, a manager at Propeller Health, says collecting information from the inhaler is important. Technology like Bluetooth sensors is the future of health care. They will help doctors to decide what to pay attention to when treating patients.
??? Smart inhalers are part of a new direction in medical technology known as "connected health". Fewer than half of asthma patients take their medicine correctly, said Line Neuhauser, a professor studying asthma treatments. She said the Propeller Bluetooth sensor tells people if they have taken their medicine correctly, which helps to prevent attacks and hospitalization.
??? Another benefit of the sensor is that the company can collect information from many people. Then, they can see if certain areas set of more asthma attacks than others. "When we have a lot of users in the same region, we can do a lot to help them," Hogg said.
??? One of Propeller's biggest tests of their system was in Louisville, Kentuck. They gave 140 people the Bluetooth sensors with inhalers. The study found that being close to railroads or factories was the main cause of asthma. They also found that public areas, such as schools and churches, were also causing asthma attacks. After the test, Propeller gave the information to the city, and the city is making rules to clean up the air.
1.What is the serious problem facing people with asthma?
A.They have to stay at home. B.They may be attacked at any time.
C.They find it hard to breathe usually. D.They don't know what they are allergic to.
2.What do we know about the Bluetooth sensor from Paragraph 2?
A.It gives patients timely treatment.
B.It tells patients how to keep away from poor environments.
C.It helps patients call their doctors when their asthma attacked.
D.It helps offer useful information about patients to doctors.
3.Why is Propeller's test mentioned in the last paragraph?
A.To show how the Bluetooth sensors can help.
B.To show the popularity for the Bluetooth sensors.
C.To advise cities to take action to handle pollution.
D.To advise people with asthma to keep away from public areas.
4.What's the best title for the text?
A.Technology Helps People With Asthma B.How to Use Bluetooth Sensors
C.Asthma Has Become a Big Danger D.How to Deal With Asthma
7.??? Robots are getting better at doing human jobs. That's probably good for the economy—but there are some serious downsides, too.
??? Machines are expected to displace about 20 million manufacturing jobs across the world over the next decade, according to a report released by Oxford Economics, a global forecasting and quantitative analysis firm.
??? That means about 8.5% of the global manufacturing workforce could be displaced by robots. The report also notes that the move to robots tends to create new jobs as fast as it automates them; however, it could contribute to income inequality. The use of robots is on the rise: at this point, every new robot that is installed displaces 1.6 manufacturing workers on average, according to the Oxford Economics model.
??? Robots are becoming cheaper than many human workers, in part because of the falling costs of machines. And they are increasingly capable of functioning in more complex processes and varied contexts. On top of that, the demand for manufactured goods is rising.
??? One potential downsize to the robot revolution: automation could increase income inequality. "This great displacement will not be evenly distributed around the world, or within countries," according to the report. "Our research shows that the negative effects of robotization are disproportionately felt in the lower-income regions compared with higher-income regions of the same country."
??? The workers who drive knowledge and innovation within the manufacturing industry tend to be concentrated in larger cities, and those skills are harder to automate. That's why urban areas will deal better with the increased automation, according to the report.
??? On the whole, the increased use of automation will likely create new jobs at a pace comparable to the jobs that will be lost, which cancels out fears about permanent job destruction, according to the Oxford study. That said, the poorer regions that are expected to lose the most jobs will probably not benefit equally from this new job creation due to a gap in skills. That will lead to increased income inequality between cities and rural areas, as well as between regions.
1.What "downside" does the author mainly discuss?
A.People will not be able to find jobs in the future.
B.Robots will finally take the place of people.
C.Displacement by robots will increase income inequality.
D.Robots are becoming cheaper than many human workers.
2.What do the workers need to do to compete with robots in the future?
A.To make robots help them with the harder work.
B.To improve their innovative ability and knowledge.
C.To move to larger cities or more developed countries.
D.To make their skills faster and easier to be automated.
3.What is the main idea of the last paragraph?
A.The increased use of automation will create more jobs.
B.People needn't worry about permanent job destruction.
C.The poorer countries will not benefit from automation.
D.The income gap between cities and rural regions will widen.
4.What can we conclude from the passage?
A.Robots should be banned in the future because of the disadvantages.
B.Robots can do more and better than humans in complicated processes.
C.The increasing need for manufactured goods partly contributes to robotization.
D.The negative effects of robotization will be evenly distributed around the world.
8.??? Balancing preservation of the land with our desire to travel is a challenge for us travelers. When seeing cities face constant resource and waste problems, I couldn't help but think about how much travel can affect the environment.
??? Back in my youth, I was an environmental activist. But over the years, I leave the lights on. I fly a lot. I drink out of plastic bottles. I eat a lot of meat. And I love fish, especially tuna. However, recently, I've begun thinking harder about how travel affects the environment and how I affect the environment. In doing so, I've tried to be a lot more aware of my actions.
??? I don't know if there is an easy solution to this problem. The most environmentally friendly activity is not to travel at all, but that's unrealistic and too extreme. There's so much money in travel that I don't think the government and regulation can do much. Only when their profits are hurt will hotels, operators, and the industry as a whole begin to listen. Instead, it's all about the consumers. The only good way is to get people to be more environmentally conscious and make better decisions.
??? Consumers have a lot of power. Why did market start selling only sustainable fish and whole milk? Consumers wanted it. I think if we as travelers begin to demand more environmentally friendly practices and avoid companies with poor environmental records, we can change things.
??? Now, I recycle more. I use fewer plastic bottles and I shut off the lights. Most importantly, I use operators and stay at places that are reducing their environmental impact.
??? Travel can destroy the environment but it doesn't have to. We have the power to make things better. We can do small things and demand more of the places we stay and visit. We can and should demand more of places, and of ourselves.
1.Why does the writer list his actions over the years?
A.To explain his hobby.
B.To show he is wealthy.
C.To tell he is fond of traveling.
D.To indicate he has become less environmentally conscious.
2.What's the realistic way to solve the problem according to Paragraph 3?
A.People do not travel at all.
B.The government takes effective measures.
C.Tourism industry follows environmental rules.
D.Consumers become more environmentally conscious.
3.What can be learned from the last paragraph?
A.Travel will surely destroy the environment.
B.We can get a lot from the places we travel.
C.Few things travelers can do to protect the environment.
D.What travelers do can make a difference to the environment.
4.Which of the following might be the best title for the text?
A.My Experiences of Protecting the Environment
B.Can We Balance Travel and the Environment?
C.Is There an Easy Way to Solve Environmental Problems?
D.How Can We Travel in an Environmentally Friendly Way?
9.??? The average bear, it seems, is getting ever smarter. First, it turned out that at least one can use a comb. Now it appears that some can count, too.
??? Jennifer Vonk, from Oakland University, in Michigan, and Michael Beran, from Georgia State University, set three American black bears the task of distinguishing between numerically larger and smaller groups of dots(點(diǎn)) on a computer screen. In return for a food reward one bear, Brutus, would touch the more heavily dotted pattern with his nose. The others, Bella and Dusty, would touch the screen with their claws.
??? As the researchers report in Animal Behavior, the bears did best with patterns where the colored dots did not move and where more of them also took up a larger colored area. This could be explained by the bears' distinguishing the different areas of color rather than truly counting the dots. However, the three bears managed to pick out the bigger number of dots even in pairs of patterns where fewer dots took up a larger area.
??? Moving patterns, where each dot followed its own path around the screen, were more of a challenge. But Brutus, at least, was not defeated. He seemed to be counting mobile dots even when the scientists tried to mislead him by moving the total colored area of the dots at the same time.
??? It is not entirely surprising that bears should have a high degree of intelligence. They face a lot of challenges when trying to get food. They are, however, always alone, and so do not have the complex social systems that contribute to animal smarts. Perhaps, then, their maths skill developed because they cannot count on their friends for help.
1.What task did the scientists set for the three bears?
A.Distinguishing different dot patterns.
B.Figuring out different colors of dots.
C.Putting the dots into differently colored groups.
D.Picking out the group with a larger number of dots.
2.For the bears,the task was easier when _____.
A.the colored dots were moving slowly B.the dot patterns were regular in shape
C.the dots followed a path on the screen D.more dots covered a larger colored area
3.What may explain the bears' high degree of intelligence?
A.They learn skills from other animals. B.They face life challenges on their own.
C.They feed on a diverse range of food. D.They have complex social networks.
4.What can be a suitable title for the text?
A.Bears Taught to Distinguish Colors B.New Evidence of Bear Intelligence Found
C.Three Bears Learned How to Count D.The Smartest American Black Bear Brutus
10.??? During those barren winter months, with windows overlooking long-dead gardens, leafless trees, and lawns that seem to have an ashy look about them, nothing calms the uneasy nerves more than the vibrant green of plants surrounding the living spaces of one's home. People browse through garden stores just to get a smell of chlorophyll(葉綠素) and to choose a plant or two to bring spring back into their winter-gray lives.
??? Now there is even more of a need for "the green", in light of recent articles warning us of the dangers of chemicals that we, ourselves, introduce into our homes. Each time we bring clothes home from the cleaners, we release those chemicals into the closed-in air of our homes. Every cleanser releases its own kind of fumes.
??? Some of the chemicals are formaldehyde(甲醛), chlorine, benzene, styrene, etc. Read the labels on many home products, where the ingredients aren't even listed! During the winter, when those same windows are shut tight, we breathe in these chemicals—causing symptoms much like allergies. In fact, most people probably dismiss the effects of these chemicals simply as some allergy or other. The truth is that we are experiencing a syndrome that is called Multiple Chemical Sensitivity. Now, what has this got to do with green plants? Everything healthy! Research has been conducted with two types of plants that have actually removed much of these harmful chemicals from the air.
??? The two plants that seem to be the best bet for ridding one's home of such chemicals are ferns(蕨類植物) and palms. These plants release moisture as part of photosynthesis and, as they do, pull chemicals from the air into their leaves. Even NASA has conducted some greenhouse experiments for long-term space exploration. Within hours, their plants (palms) had removed almost all traces of formaldehyde in the room. Both species of plants are ancient, dating back more than a hundred million years. Another trait they share is that they both live long lives, 100 years or more. This we expect from trees, but ferns and palms are plants, which can grow to 65 feet in the proper setting! Even their individual leaves live for one to two years (ferns) and one to nine years (palms). Perhaps it is their primary qualities that have contributed to their ability to purify their environment.
1.Why does the author think we are in greater need of "the green" in our homes?
A.To bring our long-dead gardens back to life. B.To get rid of harmful chemicals trapped there.
C.To make us feel calmer and less worried. D.To serve as decorations as well as refresh us.
2.What can we know from the passage?
A.The source of these chemicals released in our homes hasn't been identified.
B.The chemicals can be removed immediately the two plants are put into use.
C.People tend to underestimate the effects of the chemical in the closed-in places.
D.People usually buy household products without referring to the labels of ingredients.
3.As for the two plants, their primary qualities friendly to indoor environment include _____.
A.the ability to absorb chemicals and live long
B.their adaptability to indoor environment
C.the fast growth and attractiveness of their leaves
D.the release of their moisture and fumes
4.Which of the following may be the best title for the passage?
A.Research in the New Millennium B.Common Houseplants May Purify Your Home
C.Hidden Dangers in Your Home D.NASA Experiment Finds the Cure


答案解析
1.答案：1-4 CDBA
解析：1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的National Science Foundation launched…related to endangered human languages.可知, 美國國家科學(xué)基金會啟動了"記錄瀕危語言"項(xiàng)目, 以豐富與人類瀕危語言相關(guān)的知識, 增加對瀕危語言的理解, 故選C項(xiàng)。
2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的Most recently, Christian Ruvalcaba...created maps for corresponding website to help non-national language speakers to find and connect with one another.可知, 克里斯蒂娜創(chuàng)建地圖是為了幫助非母語使用者找到彼此并相互聯(lián)系, 也就是說, 讓人們了解他們可以在哪里用自己的母語交流, 故選D項(xiàng)。
3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的Exposure to diverse populations, including languages, enables a richer understanding of the human experience可推知, 語言多樣化有助于加深對人類經(jīng)驗(yàn)的理解, 說明了語言多樣性的重要性, 故選B項(xiàng)。
4.主旨大意題。通讀全文可知, 本文在第一段提出某些語言在短時間內(nèi)迅速消亡的現(xiàn)象, 下文主要介紹了為保護(hù)語言各個組織和個人所作出的努力, 強(qiáng)調(diào)了保持語言多樣性的重要性, 由此可推知, A項(xiàng)"語言的消亡需要保護(hù)"為最佳標(biāo)題, 故選A項(xiàng)。
2.答案：1-4 CADD
解析：1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的...total organic agriculture in England and Wales would produce 40 percent less food. With less food in the market, the countries would need to increase food imports...可知, 有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)自身產(chǎn)量不足, 市場上的糧食減少, 因此英國需要增加食品進(jìn)口量, 故選C項(xiàng)。
2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句Organic farming also increases the amount of absorbing carbon...stored in the soil.可知, 二氧化碳從大氣中被"吸收", 被植物捕獲并保存在土壤中, 從而有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)通過吸收二氧化碳, 促進(jìn)碳吸收, 故選A項(xiàng)。
3.主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段關(guān)鍵表述useful benefits for the environment和organic farming will continue to play a key role in resolving the world's environmental problems可知, 該段主要講了有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)對環(huán)境的好處, 故選D項(xiàng)。
4.主旨大意題。通讀全文可知, 本文說明有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)有弊端, 比如提高溫室氣體排放量、引起氣候變化; 結(jié)合最后一段in conclusion后總結(jié)的內(nèi)容可知, 目前有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)也有好處, 比如減少接觸化學(xué)品和改善生物的種類。由此可推知, D項(xiàng)"有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)是一把雙刃劍"為最佳標(biāo)題, 故選D項(xiàng)。
3.答案：1-4 CBCD
解析：1.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段中的Analyzing the data, they saw many similarities和This, however, is precisely where researchers noticed a striking difference.可知, 研究人員研究兩組倭黑猩猩的獵食習(xí)慣和狩獵偏好, 認(rèn)為兩組既存在相同之處, 也存在顯著的不同, 由此可推知, 第三、四段展示了研究發(fā)現(xiàn), 故選C項(xiàng)。
2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段薩穆尼對研究結(jié)論的解釋It's basically like two human cultures exploiting a common resource in different ways可知, 這兩組動物狩獵偏好不同, 類似于以不同方式探索同一資源的兩種人類文化, 再結(jié)合倒數(shù)第二段中的Basically, it means all evidence points toward this being a learned social behavior.可知, 研究人員認(rèn)為這是一種習(xí)得性社會行為, 故選B項(xiàng)。
3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中的the researchers found that...team Kokoalongo可知, 研究人員預(yù)測, 影響倭黑猩猩狩獵行為的唯一變量在于狩獵者所屬的小組, 故選C項(xiàng)。
4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的If our closest living relatives have some cultural traits, then it's likely our ancestors already had some capacity for culture可知, 研究者通過研究倭黑猩猩的狩獵喜好, 認(rèn)為其與基因無關(guān), 是一種習(xí)得性社會行為, 倭黑猩猩作為"我們"的近親都展現(xiàn)出這種文化特征, 那么人類祖先也可能已經(jīng)具有社會文化能力, 由此可推知, 這有利于研究人類文化是如何出現(xiàn)的, 故選D項(xiàng)。
4.答案：1-4 BCAD
解析：1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的I had thought that "net" meant "manners". Eric didn't want to play with me because I lacked good manners.可知, 作者很生埃里克的氣, 是因?yàn)閚et在作者的認(rèn)知中等同于"禮貌", 他以為埃里克嫌棄自己沒有禮貌, 故選B項(xiàng)。
2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的As a new arrival to the United States, armed with limited English words, ...I lacked good manners.可知, 作者不理解埃里克, 是因?yàn)樽髡叱鮼碚У皆~匯有限, 導(dǎo)致對詞匯的理解出現(xiàn)偏差, 而誤會埃里克, 故選C項(xiàng)。
3.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容可知, 作者很生氣, 結(jié)合畫線詞所在句可推知, 作者怒氣沖沖地回家了, storm在此處意為"氣沖沖地疾走", 故選A項(xiàng)。
4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的Even when we speak the same language, ...a foreign language.可知, 作者認(rèn)為, 即使說同一種語言, 交流時也會出現(xiàn)語言障礙, 導(dǎo)致雙方理解出現(xiàn)偏差, 故選D項(xiàng)。
5.答案：1-4 ADAB
解析：1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句When humans reach their later years, they favor more established friends and their social circle is reduced.可知, 人類隨著年齡增長, 社交圈會縮小, 更在意身邊牢固的朋友關(guān)系; 結(jié)合第二段中的關(guān)鍵表述scientists have seen the same behavior in another species可知, 猩猩在這點(diǎn)上和人類一樣, 故選A項(xiàng)。
2.推理判斷題。第三段中的The researchers studied 78,000 hours...ages of 15 and 58 years old.介紹了科學(xué)家的研究方法和對象, 結(jié)合下文對這個研究的內(nèi)容的介紹、將大猩猩的友誼進(jìn)行分類等, 可推知科學(xué)家們通過研究二十年以來的觀測結(jié)果來得出結(jié)論, draw one's conclusion意為"得出結(jié)論", 故選D項(xiàng)。
3.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞所在句可知, 隨著年齡增長, 猩猩的攻擊性水平下降, 會發(fā)動更少的打斗, 由此可推知, 猩猩會更少做具有攻擊性的事情, 如威脅。畫線詞intimidate意為"恐嚇; 威脅", 故選A項(xiàng)。
4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的In chimpanzees, as older males compete less for mates, they may focus on close, reciprocal relationships with trusted partners...可知, 年長的雄性更專注于親密互惠的關(guān)系, 很少為配偶而競爭, 所以它們的社交圈縮小, 故選B項(xiàng)。
6.答案：1-4 BDCA
解析：1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的More troublesome, people do not know when an attack will happen.可知, 哮喘隨時都可能發(fā)作是哮喘患者面臨的嚴(yán)重問題, 故選B項(xiàng)。
2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的The app not only tells doctors about the attack...asthma worse.以及...collecting information from the inhaler is important.可知, 這款帶有吸入器的藍(lán)牙傳感器有助于向醫(yī)生提供關(guān)于病人的有用信息, 故選D項(xiàng)。
3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的The study found that being close railroads...making rules to clean up the air.可知, Propeller Health公司將測試結(jié)論告知了該市, 該市正在制定清潔空氣的規(guī)定, 由此可推知, 測試目的在于建議政府采取措施治理空氣污染, 故選C項(xiàng)。
4.主旨大意題。通讀全文, 根據(jù)第一段最后一句But now, smartphones can help stop attacks.和第二段中的It wants to help those with breathing problems by using technology along with medicine.可知, 本文主要介紹的是一款帶有吸入器的藍(lán)牙耳機(jī), 這種耳機(jī)有利于哮喘患者, 即科技幫助哮喘患者, 由此可推知, A項(xiàng)"科技幫助哮喘患者"為最佳標(biāo)題, 故選A項(xiàng)。
7.答案：1-4 CBDC
解析：1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中的One potential downsize to the robot revolution: automation could increase income inequality.可知, 機(jī)器人有一個潛在缺點(diǎn), 就是會加劇收入不平等, 題干中的downside意為"缺點(diǎn)", 故選C項(xiàng)。
2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段中的The workers who drive knowledge and innovation within the manufacturing industry...according to the report.可知, 制造業(yè)中的創(chuàng)新能力和知識技能更難實(shí)現(xiàn)自動化, 因此工人需要提高他們的創(chuàng)新能力和知識, 以在未來與機(jī)器人競爭。故選B項(xiàng)。
3.主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段中的That will lead to increased income inequality between cities and rural areas, as well as between regions.可知, 這將加劇城鄉(xiāng)以及地區(qū)之間的收入不平等, 且that指代本段上文內(nèi)容, 由此可推知, 最后一段具體說明城鄉(xiāng)收入差距將進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大, 故選D項(xiàng)。
4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的On top of that, the demand for manufactured goods is rising.可推知, 對制成品日益增長的需求在一定程度上推動了機(jī)器人化, 故選C項(xiàng)。
8.答案：1-4 DDDB
解析：1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第一句Back in my youth, I was an environmental activist.可知, 過去"我"是一個環(huán)保主義者, 下文中的But說明前后語義相反, 也就是說, 在最近幾年里, "我"已經(jīng)變得不那么有環(huán)保意識了。由此可推知, 提到這幾年作者的行為, 是表明作者環(huán)保意識減弱, 故選D項(xiàng)。
2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的The only good way is to get people to be more environmentally conscious and make better decisions.可知, 解決環(huán)保問題的實(shí)際方法是讓消費(fèi)者更具環(huán)保意識, 從而作出更好的決定, 故選D項(xiàng)。
3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段前兩句Travel can destroy the environment but it doesn't have to. We have the power to make things better.可知, 我們有能力讓事情變得更好, 也就是說, 游客做的事對環(huán)境有很大影響。D項(xiàng)中固定搭配make a difference意為"有作用; 有影響", 故選D項(xiàng)。
4.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段第一句Balancing preservation of the land with our desire to travel is a challenge for us travelers.可知, 作者提出了疑問: 能否將保護(hù)環(huán)境和旅游平衡好? 作者還以自己的親身經(jīng)歷舉例說明人們能在日常生活中為實(shí)現(xiàn)上述平衡而做的事, 由此可推知,?B項(xiàng)"我們能平衡旅行和環(huán)境保護(hù)嗎?"為最佳標(biāo)題, 故選B項(xiàng)。
9.答案：1-4 ADBB
解析：1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的...set three American black bears the task of distinguishing between numerically larger and smaller groups of dots on a computer screen.可知, 三只美國黑熊要在電腦屏幕上區(qū)分?jǐn)?shù)字上較大和較小的點(diǎn)組, 由此可知, 科學(xué)家們給這三只熊安排的任務(wù)是區(qū)分不同的點(diǎn)的模式, 故選A項(xiàng)。
2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的As the researchers report in Animal Behavior, the bears did best with patterns...took up a larger colored area.可知, 熊最擅長的圖案是那些不動的彩色的點(diǎn), 而且更多的點(diǎn)占據(jù)了更大的彩色區(qū)域, take up意為"占據(jù)(時間、空間)", 故選D項(xiàng)。
3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的It is not entirely surprising that bears should have a high degree of intelligence. They face a lot of challenges when trying to get food.可知, 熊的高智商表現(xiàn)在它們獨(dú)自面對生活的挑戰(zhàn), 故選B項(xiàng)。
4.主旨大意題。本文第一段說明熊變得更聰明了, 并介紹了一些新的發(fā)現(xiàn), 為證明熊是一種高智商動物提供了證據(jù), 由此可推知, B項(xiàng)"發(fā)現(xiàn)了證明熊的智力的新證據(jù)"為最佳標(biāo)題, 故選B項(xiàng)。
10.答案：1-4 BCAB
解析：1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第一句Now there is even more of a need for "the green", in light of recent articles warning us of the dangers...homes.可知, 作者認(rèn)為家里更需要"綠色"來清除空氣中的有害化學(xué)物質(zhì), 故選B項(xiàng)。
2. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的During the winter, when...Chemical Sensitivity.可知, 在室內(nèi)吸入甲醛等化學(xué)物質(zhì)引起的癥狀被人們當(dāng)成了過敏, 實(shí)際上人們得了多重化學(xué)物質(zhì)過敏癥, 根據(jù)其中的most people probably dismiss the effects of these chemicals simply as some allergy or other可知, 人們往往低估化學(xué)物質(zhì)在封閉場所的影響, 故選C項(xiàng)。
3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的These plants release moisture...their leaves.可知, 這些植物可以吸收空氣中的化學(xué)物質(zhì), 結(jié)合下文中Another trait they share is that they both live long lives, 100 years or more.可知, 植物的壽命很長, 這是這兩種植物對室內(nèi)環(huán)境友好的主要特征, 故選A項(xiàng)。
4.主旨大意題。通讀全文可知, 第一段介紹人們喜歡種植有活力的綠色植物來清除家里空氣中的化學(xué)物質(zhì), 根據(jù)文章最后一段中的Perhaps it is their primary qualities that have contributed to their ability to purify their environment.可知, 研究發(fā)現(xiàn)常見的綠色室內(nèi)植物可以凈化家里空氣, 由此可推知, B項(xiàng)"常見的室內(nèi)植物可以凈化你的家"為最佳標(biāo)題, 故選B項(xiàng)。

相關(guān)試卷

高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解強(qiáng)化練習(xí)題（10）（含解析）：

這是一份高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解強(qiáng)化練習(xí)題（10）（含解析），共16頁。

高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解強(qiáng)化練習(xí)題（7）（含解析）：

這是一份高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解強(qiáng)化練習(xí)題（7）（含解析），共15頁。

高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解強(qiáng)化練習(xí)題（6）（含解析）：

這是一份高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解強(qiáng)化練習(xí)題（6）（含解析），共15頁。

英語朗讀寶

相關(guān)試卷 更多

高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解強(qiáng)化練習(xí)題（3）（含解析）

高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解強(qiáng)化練習(xí)題（3）（含解析）
高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解強(qiáng)化練習(xí)題（9）（含解析）

高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解強(qiáng)化練習(xí)題（9）（含解析）
高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解強(qiáng)化練習(xí)題（8）（含解析）

高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解強(qiáng)化練習(xí)題（8）（含解析）
高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解強(qiáng)化練習(xí)題（4）（含解析）

高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解強(qiáng)化練習(xí)題（4）（含解析）
資料下載及使用幫助
版權(quán)申訴
版權(quán)申訴
若您為此資料的原創(chuàng)作者，認(rèn)為該資料內(nèi)容侵犯了您的知識產(chǎn)權(quán)，請掃碼添加我們的相關(guān)工作人員，我們盡可能的保護(hù)您的合法權(quán)益。
入駐教習(xí)網(wǎng)，可獲得資源免費(fèi)推廣曝光，還可獲得多重現(xiàn)金獎勵，申請 精品資源制作， 工作室入駐。
版權(quán)申訴二維碼
高考專區(qū)
歡迎來到教習(xí)網(wǎng)
  • 900萬優(yōu)選資源，讓備課更輕松
  • 600萬優(yōu)選試題，支持自由組卷
  • 高質(zhì)量可編輯，日均更新2000+
  • 百萬教師選擇，專業(yè)更值得信賴
微信掃碼注冊
qrcode
二維碼已過期
刷新

微信掃碼，快速注冊

手機(jī)號注冊
手機(jī)號碼

手機(jī)號格式錯誤

手機(jī)驗(yàn)證碼 獲取驗(yàn)證碼

手機(jī)驗(yàn)證碼已經(jīng)成功發(fā)送，5分鐘內(nèi)有效

設(shè)置密碼

6-20個字符，數(shù)字、字母或符號

注冊即視為同意教習(xí)網(wǎng)「注冊協(xié)議」及「隱私條款」
QQ注冊
手機(jī)號注冊
微信注冊

注冊成功

返回
頂部