科普說明文閱讀技巧
策略一：抓住文體特征：主題句：背景引入后\首句
四個部分：標(biāo)題（簡明揭示中心）、背景（引入）、主題（明確提出主題+詳細說明）--通過實驗、研究、舉例、對比等方式進行以及結(jié)尾--簡要概括中心
Wh-文章的主體是誰（即所要說明和描述的人或事物）
the findings f the research & backgrund
What-文章的主體做了什么（即主體表現(xiàn)出的特征、功能和用途）
Its feature,functins and usage
When and Where-何時何地（即何時何地表現(xiàn)Characteristic）
Hw-Hw did the research prefrm?
（The Data and Analysis f the Research）
Why-特性功能用途的原因（即Why is the research imprtant?）
策略二：抓關(guān)鍵句--首末句 +作者態(tài)度句；
策略三：抓出題處：⑴在列舉處命題。⑵在例證處命題，句中常用由as、such as、fr example、fr instance等引導(dǎo)作為例證，這些例句或比喻就成為命題者設(shè)問的焦點。（3）轉(zhuǎn)折but,yet,hwever,nevertheless,rather,thugh,althugh,while,in fact,as a matter f fact,n the ther hand,by cntrast）;。⑷在比較處命題，無端的比較、相反的比較、偷換對象的比較，經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)在干擾項中，考生要標(biāo)記并且關(guān)注到原文中的比較，才能順利地排除干擾。⑸在復(fù)雜句中命題，包括同位詞、插入語、定語、從句、不定式等，命題者主要考查考生對句子之間的指代關(guān)系和語法關(guān)系。
（6）帶總結(jié)歸納（thus,s,therefr,accrdingly,cnsequently,as a result,in a wrd,in summary,in brief）;
（7）表達觀點，總括的動詞(believe,think,assume,suggest,shw,cnclude,find that,draw the cnclusin that,discver that);
（8）問句--設(shè)問句\反問句（問句中的內(nèi)容和答案---即文章作者要介紹的主題或觀點）
策略四： “玩轉(zhuǎn)”生詞，長難句
對于不影響文章整體理解以及解題的生詞，忽略不計。
影響理解及解題關(guān)鍵生詞-一定要猜出。
策略五： 判斷推理題
不能夸大事實，過度推斷。
不能主觀臆斷，無中生有。
文中細節(jié)，事實不是推斷
典例分析
（2023·新高考I卷D）（2023·新高考I卷D）On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galtn published a paper which illustrated what has cme t be knwn as the “wisdm f crwds” effect. The experiment f estimatin he cnducted shwed that in sme cases, the average f a large number f independent estimates culd be quite accurate.
This effect capitalizes n the fact that when peple make errrs, thse errrs aren’t always the same. Sme peple will tend t verestimate, and sme t underestimate. When enugh f these errrs are averaged tgether, they cancel each ther ut, resulting in a mre accurate estimate. If peple are similar and tend t make the same errrs, then their errrs wn’t cancel each ther ut. In mre technical terms, the wisdm f crwds requires that peple’s estimates be independent. If fr whatever reasns, peple’s errrs becme crrelated r dependent, the accuracy f the estimate will g dwn.
But a new study led by Jaquin Navajas ffered an interesting twist (轉(zhuǎn)折) n this classic phenmenn. The key finding f the study was that when crwds were further divided int smaller grups that were allwed t have a discussin, the averages frm these grups were mre accurate than thse frm an equal number f independent individuals. Fr instance, the average btained frm the estimates f fur discussin grups f five was significantly mre accurate than the average btained frm 20 independent individuals.
In a fllw-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried t get a better sense f what the grup members actually did in their discussin. Did they tend t g with thse mst cnfident abut their estimates? Did they fllw thse least willing t change their minds? This happened sme f the time, but it wasn’t the dminant respnse. Mst frequently, the grups reprted that they “shared arguments and reasned tgether”. Smehw, these arguments and reasning resulted in a glbal reductin in errr. Althugh the studies led by Navajas have limitatins and many questins remain, the ptential implicatins fr grup discussin and decisin-making are enrmus.
1．What is paragraph 2 f the text mainly abut?
A．The methds f estimatin.B．The underlying lgic f the effect.
C．The causes f peple’s errrs.D．The design f Galtn’s experiment.
2．Navajas’ study fund that the average accuracy culd increase even if ________.
A．the crwds were relatively smallB．there were ccasinal underestimates
C．individuals did nt cmmunicateD．estimates were nt fully independent
3．What did the fllw-up study fcus n?
A．The size f the grups.B．The dminant members.
C．The discussin prcess.D．The individual estimates.
4．What is the authr’s attitude tward Navajas’ studies?
A．Unclear.B．Dismissive.C．Dubtful.D．Apprving.
（建議用時：10分鐘/篇）
1.（2023·山東臨沂·統(tǒng)考二模）Have yu ever wished yu culd be better rganised r mre sciable? Perhaps yu’re a cnstant wrrier, and yu’d prefer t be a little mre carefree?
Many surveys shw that at least tw-thirds f peple wuld like t change sme elements f their persnality. In the past, such desires appeared t be unachievable. Like the prverbial lepard that culd never change its spts, ur virtues and flaws were believed t be wven int the fabric f ur minds.
Recent scientific research, hwever, prves this expectatin f persnality’s permanence wrng. With the right psychlgical strategies and enugh effrt, many peple can successfully shape their cre persnalities int what they desire.
Our genes almst certainly play a rle: it’s why peple’s persnalities ften reflect their bilgical parents’ nes. The influence f ur scial envirnment was thught t end in early adulthd, as the brain reached maturity. If this were true, it wuldn’t be pssible t shift persnality at will. Yet that is exactly what psychlgy prfessr Nathan Hudsn and his clleagues have shwn with a series f grundbreaking studies.
The interventins in their studies typically invlve arranging regular activities that reflect the persnalities peple wish t adpt. A quiet persn wh wished t be mre utging, fr example, might have the gal f intrducing themselves t a stranger nce a week, r making small talk with the cashier at their lcal supermarket.
The aim is fr the thinking patterns and behaviurs they generate t becme habitual. In the first trial, prvided participants actually cmpleted thse arranged tasks, their persnalities shifted in the desired directin. Similarly exciting results culd be seen in a later trial. The differences f participants’ persnalities befre and after the interventin were still apparent three mnths after the experiment had ended. As Aristtle argued mre than 2,300 years ag, we becme what we repeatedly d.
The unexpected plasticity f ur minds shuld be gd news fr anyne wh wishes they were a bit mre sciable, rganised, r happy-g-lucky. Anther ptential benefit is that awareness f this research culd help imprve mental health.
1．Why is “l(fā)epard” mentined in paragraph 2?
A．T explain that ur minds cnsist f virtues and flaws.
B．T shw the similarity between lepards and human beings.
C．T prve a pssibility that peple can change their persnality.
D．T demnstrate the previus belief that persnalities remain fixed.
2．What can be inferred abut the “interventins”?
A．The tw trials reached different cnclusins.B．Activities are tailred t specific persnalitites.
C．The purpse is t better peple’s persnalities.D．Peple’s persnalities can be changed but can’t last.
3．What has Nathan Hudsn’s team shwn thrugh their studies?
A．The previus expectatin f persnality’s permanence was cnfirmed.
B．The influence f ur scial envirnment ends when the brain matures.
C．The desire t change sme elements f ur persnality can be achieved.
D．Our genes play a greater rle in ur persnality than scial envirnment.
4．What is the best title fr the text?
A．We Are What We DB．Habits Make Things Easier
C．Yur Persnality Is Nt Set In StneD．A Lepard Never Changes Its Spts
2.（2023·福建南平·統(tǒng)考三模）A recent paper describes bees rlling tiny wden balls, nt fr a reward, but apparently just fr fun. This discvery emphasizes a lng-standing cnflict in ur view f animals. On the ne hand, we want t find the features that distinguish humans frm ther animals: tls, language and a thery f mind. On the ther hand, we delight in finding animals that break thse bundaries: chimps, crws and nw bees that use tls, dlphins with signature whistles. But what d thse bundaries mean?
As a bilgist wh studies animal behaviur, I am puzzled by this effrt t rank animals by their capabilities. I applaud the desire t shw that animals are like us, but we can recgnize animals fr what they are, and be amazed at their abilities, withut having t make their behaviur mirrr that f humans.
Once we get ut frm the assumptin that animals have t be like peple with human mtivatins and feelings, we are freed up t cnsider the mechanisms (機理) behind the behaviurs. Fr example, the same sertnin (血清素) influences anxiety in humans and maze (迷宮) explratin in crayfish. In a tank divided int well-lit and shadwy areas, crayfish explre bth, but prefer the darker areas, cnsistent with their night lifestyle.
Des this mean crayfish experience anxiety? N. In the bees’ case, they might be exhibiting sme very interesting behaviur that has nthing t d with wanting t “have fun”—but we will never examine it if we simply assume they are playing just like peple. I am nt disparaging the bee researchers’ cnclusins, and I am nt trying t be a killjy, but there is smething abut all this humanizing that prevent explratin, instead f encuraging it.
5．What’s the purpse f paragraph 1?
A．T list ut facts.B．T raise an argument.
C．T aruse readers’ interest.D．T explain a cncept.
6．What can we learn frm paragraph 3?
A．Behaviur mechanisms wrk.B．Crayfish prefer the light sectins.
C．The assumptin prves reasnable.D．Animals are similar t human in mind.
7．What des the underlined wrd “disparaging” mean in paragraph 4?
A．Criticizing.B．Explaining.
C．Cnfirming.D．Acknwledging.
8．Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text?
A．Feelings: Guiding Human BeingB．Bundaries: Making N Sense
C．Humanizing: Cvering the TruthD．Animals: Mirrring Human Behaviurs
3.（2023·福建泉州·統(tǒng)考模擬預(yù)測）All human languages use vwels and cnsnants (元音和輔音) t express ideas. Mst primates (靈長類) cmmunicate almst using vwel-like calls, but nn-human great apes (猿), like chimpanzees, prduce cnsnant-like sunds t varying degrees. This raises the questin f where cnsnants came frm, says Adrian Lameira at the University f Warwick. T find it ut, he studied existing literature t see hw cmmn cnsnants are amng the great apes.
He fund that rangutans (猩猩), which spend mst f their time in the trees, prduce a greater number and variety f cnsnant sunds than grillas and chimpanzees living n the grund. “Orangutans have rich sunds like kiss sunds, scrapes and clicks.” says Lameira. They typically use these sunds while building nests r cmmunicating with their yung.
Lameira thinks that living in the trees may explain that Great apes are exprt at prcessing prtected fds, like nuts, which ften requires tls. While living in trees, hwever, rangutans must always use at least ne arm t maintain stability. They have therefre develped mre cmplex cntrl f their lips, tngues and jaws, allwing them t use their muths as a “fifth limb” rangutans can peel ranges just with lips, fr example.
This advanced mtr skill enables rangutans t make cnsnant-like sunds, argues Lameira. This culd mean that ur early ancestrs develped cnsnant sunds while hanging arund in the trees, t. “There’s a grwing sense that ur dependency n trees was much larger and deeper than we think,” says Lameira.
The link between feeding and sunds desn’t apply t smaller tree-living primates like mnkeys, argues Lameira, because their size and tails make them mre stable n branches and they eat differently.
“This is an interesting assumptin wrth testing,” says Chris Petkv at Newcastle University, thugh he questins sme aspects. As humans aren’t tree-living, there must be ther reasns why cnsnants remain, which culd be tested by characterising cnsnant-like sunds mre systematically acrss species, he says.
9．What des the underlined wrd “it” in paragraph 1 refer t?
A．Why vwels and cnsnants are used.B．What ideas the cnsnants express.
C．Where the cnsnants came frm.D．Hw cmmn the cnsnants are.
10．What fact can supprt Adrian Lamerica’s assumptin abut rangutans?
A．They build nests with their yung.B．They are skillful in emplying tls.
C．They shw stability in cntrlling arms.D．They gain advanced mtr skill f muths.
11．What can we infer frm Adrian Lameira’s findings?
A．Cnsnant sunds were made by ur earliest ancestrs.
B．Our ancestrs depended mre n trees than believed.
C．The link between feeding and sunds applies t mnkeys.
D．Mnkeys differ frm rangutans in eating habits.
12．What is Chris Petkv’s attitude t Adrian Lameira’s assumptin?
A．Oppsed.B．Puzzled.C．Cnfident.D．Cautius.
4.（2023·福建福州·統(tǒng)考模擬預(yù)測）During the summer f 2021, Beverly Wax had an experience that filled her with awe. It was the sight f her sn, Justin, dragging a 36-kilgram prtable air cnditiner upstairs. Beverly’s central air cnditining had stpped wrking in the middle f a 32℃ heat wave. She had mentined t her sn and he’d shwn up as a surprise. As she watched him sweat and struggle while fixing it, she felt a wave f gratitude and appreciatin.
Awe is that feeling we get when smething is s vast that it stps us in ur tracks. Often, it challenges r expands ur thinking. Research shws that awe experiences decrease stress and increase verall satisfactin. It can als help ur relatinships, making us feel mre sympathetic and less greedy, mre supprted by and mre likely t help thers.
Mst f us assciate awe with smething rare and beautiful: nature, music r a spiritual experience. But peple can bring abut awe, and nt just public heres. Often, this interpersnal awe is a respnse t life’s big, sweeping changes. We can be awed by ur nearest and dearest — the peple sitting next t us n the sfa, r chatting n the phne. But it happens in smaller mments, t. Jhn Bargh, a psychlgist, said he was truly awestruck by his then-five-year-ld daughter. When she heard anther child crying, she grabbed her ty, walked ver t the by and handed it t him.
Unfrtunately, we can’t make smene else behave in a way that’s awesme. But we can prepare urselves t ntice it when they d — and take steps t bst the emtin’s psitive effects.
13．Why des the writer tell Beverly’s stry?
A．T shw sympathy fr her.B．T cite an example f awe.
C．T express appreciatin t her sn.D．T start a discussin abut awe.
14．What is the benefit f awe?
A．It stps ur anxiety.B．It simplifies ur thinking.
C．It satisfies regular needs.D．It prmtes psitive emtins.
15．In which situatin can we feel awed between the nearest?
A．Admiring scenery in a natinal park.
B．Enjying classic music in a cncert hall.
C．Receiving a call frm a lng-lst friend.
D．Getting the signature f a famus athlete.
16．What can be implied frm the last paragraph?
A．Arise in time f truble.
B．Behave in an awesme way.
C．Sense amazement in daily life.
D．Increase chance f finding awe.
5.（2023·福建三明·統(tǒng)考三模）“Shyness can stp yu frm ding all the things in life that yu’d like t,” the Smiths nce sang. Hwever, research suggests that may nt be the case when wrking as a team.
Researchers have fund that when animals temper their persnalities because f scial rules, the efficiency f a grup t undertake risky missins—such as fraging (覓食) fr fd—is bsted. “We see this phenmenn happening when we mix tgether a schl f fish with wildly different persnalities: the very fearless individuals and the very shy individuals tend t cntrl what they wuld nrmally be ding when they stick with the rest f the grup,” said Dr. Sean Rands, the lead authr f the research at the University f Bristl.
Writing in the jurnal PLS Cmputatinal Bilgy, the researchers reprted hw they built a cmputer mdel t investigate the impact f scial cnventins and animals’ persnalities n the mvement f individuals within a grup. The mdel was based n an assumptin in which a grup f animals in a safe “hme” set ut t travel t a fd fraging site sme distance away.
The results revealed that when n scial cnventins were in place, their mvements were gverned by their persnalities alne—in ther wrds hw fearless r shy they were determined hw quickly they left hme and arrived at the fraging site. Hwever, when scial cnventins were intrduced, s that the individuals had t keep an eye n each ther and adjust their mvements accrdingly, the impact f persnality reduced with less variatin in hw quickly they reached the destinatin. The team fund where scial cnventins were present, the grup fraged mre efficiently than when individuals behaved independently. “We find that if individuals pay attentin t the ther members f the grup, the grup will tend t remain at the safe site fr lnger, but then travel faster twards the fraging site,” the team wrte.
Rands added that fr many scial animals, being part f a grup can bring huge benefits, and these can utweigh the influence f persnality.
17．Why are the Smiths’ wrds mentined in paragraph 1?
A．T give an example.
B．T make a cmparisn.
C．T lead in the tpic.
D．T intrduce the backgrund.
18．What will individuals d while staying with a grup?
A．Adjust their behavir.
B．Take n risky missins.
C．Ignre scial rules.
D．Travel t a distant fraging site.
19．What can we infer frm the results?
A．Persnalities alne determine mvements.
B．Individuals prefer t behave independently.
C．Grup wrk increases expsure t ptential risks.
D．Scial cnventins cntribute t wrking efficiency.
20．What is the best title fr the text?
A．Be Part f a Grup
B．Stay True t Yurself
C．Get Rid f Yur Shyness
D．Cntrl Yur Persnalities
6.（2023·福建龍巖·統(tǒng)考二模）Music is gd fr the health. And drumming may be best f all. As well as being physically demanding, it requires peple t synchrnise their limbs and t react t utside stimuli, such as what the rest f the band is up t. It is particularly helpful fr children wh have emtinal and behaviural difficulties.
Researchers at the Clem Burke Drumming Prject — an rganisatin named after Blndie’s drummer, wh was ne f its funders — have shwn that teaching such children t drum helps them t cntrl their reactins mre generally, t fcus mre effectively n tasks they are given, and t cmmunicate better with ther peple.
The prject’s latest wrk, published in the Prceedings f the Natinal Academy f Sciences by a team led by Marie-Stephanie Cahart f King’s Cllege, Lndn, ges a step further. It lks at the neurlgical (神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的) changes which accmpany these shifts. Ms Cahart and her clleagues recruited 36 autistic (自閉的) teenagers and split them int tw grups. One lt had drum lessns twice a week fr eight weeks. The thers did nt. At the beginning and end f the prject everyne was asked t stay still fr 45 minutes in a functinal magnetic-resnance imaging (fmri) machine, t see hw the activity f their brains had changed. Their behaviur, as reprted by their guardians, was als recrded.
As expected, mst f the drumming grup shwed psitive behaviural changes. And these were indeed reflected in their brains. The fmri scans shwed that several clusters f cnnectivity between parts f thse brains had strengthened during the experiment. In particular, tw regins invlved in attentin cntrl, the right drslateral prefrntal crtex (背外側(cè)前額葉皮層) and the right inferir frntal gyrus (額下回), frmed strng links, respectively, with places assciated with reflectin and with areas invlved in interpreting facial expressins. These changes in the brain’s “wetware” thus nicely match the changes in behaviur which learning t drum causes.
Nt a surprise, perhaps. But an encuraging cnfirmatin f drumming’s pwer t heal.
21．What des the underlined wrd “synchrnise” in paragraph 1 prbably mean?
A．Order.B．Shw.C．Strengthen.D．Adjust.
22．Why was the teenagers’ behavir recrded?
A．T bserve the psitive stimuli.B．T see its relatin with brain changes.
C．T shw behaviral differences.D．T demnstrate their facial cnnectin.
23．What can we learn abut drumming?
A．It cures mental illnesses.B．It aruses interest in music.
C．It shapes better behavir.D．It balances minds and behavir.
24．What is the text mainly abut?
A．Drumming benefits health.B．Hw t tackle peple less fcused.
C．A research n emtin and behavir.D．The links between drumming and brain.
7.（2023·福建龍巖·統(tǒng)考二模）A new study shws that rising levels f planet-warming gasses may reduce imprtant nutrients in fd crps.
Other studies have shwn that higher temperatures frm climate change and weather extremes will reduce fd prductin. But scientists are finding that rising levels f carbn dixide and ther planet-warming gasses threaten fd quality.
Researchers studied the effects f ne such gas—carbn dixide—n rice. They grew 18 kinds f rice in fields in China and Japan in a cntrlled envirnment. They set carbn dixide levels t what scientists are predicting fr ur planet by the end f the century. They fund that the resulting rice crps had lwer than nrmal levels f vitamins, minerals and prtein.
Rice grwn under high carbn dixide cnditins had, n average, 13 t 30 percent lwer levels f fur B vitamins and 10 percent less prtein. The crps als had 8 percent less irn and 5 percent less zinc (鋅) than rice grwn under nrmal cnditins.
The researchers said the effects f planet-warming gasses wuld be mst severe fr the prest citizens in sme f the least develped cuntries. These peple generally eat the mst rice and have the least cmplex diets, they nted. Scientists estimated that almst 150 millin peple might be at risk f having t little prtein r zinc in their diet by 2050.
One scientist, Sam Myers f Harvard University f Massachusetts, US, said that findings like this are an example f the surprises climate change creates. “My cncern is, there are many mre surprises t cme,” he said.
Myers nted that pllutin, lss f sme species, destructin f frests, and ther human activities are likely t prduce unexpected prblems. He said that yu cannt cmpletely change all the natural systems that living rganisms have grwn t depend n ver millins f years withut having effects cme back t affect ur wn health.
The new study suggests a way t lwer the nutritinal harm f climate change—t grw different frms f rice that have shwn t be mre resistant t higher carbn dixide levels.
25．Accrding t the latest study, hw d higher temperatures affect crps?
A．They remve the nutritin.B．They wrsen the quality.
C．They lwer the prductin.D．They decrease the species.
26．What can be inferred frm the text?
A．Asian crps cntain mre nutrients.B．Rice is grwn in restricted cnditins.
C．Crps grwn with lwer CO2 are healthier.D．Pr peple suffer a lt frm fd shrtage.
27．What des Sam Myers agree with?
A．Natural systems damage ur health.B．The nutritinal harm shuld be lwered.
C．Mre effects are caused by climate changes.D．Human activities result in health prblems.
28．What des the writer intend t d?
A．T intrduce a study.B．T clarify a fact.
C．T make a suggestin.D．T shw a cncern.
8.（2023·福建·統(tǒng)考模擬預(yù)測）Mst peple find sugar hard t resist. Our brains need lts f energy and sugary fds prvide plenty f it. But when calries are t readily available, it is easy t verd it. There has been n shrtage f research n sugar replacements withut the calries, but evidence frm animal and human studies has linked sme t weight gain. One prmising alternative is fund in the fruit f Synsepalum dulcificum (奇跡果), a plant native t West Africa. These s-called miracle berries dn’t taste sugary themselves, but if yu try smething sur afterwards it will taste unusually sweet.
In Benin, the fruit is eaten fresh and is mstly used as a sweetener t have with sur fds and drinks, says Dedeu frm a university in Benin. The berry with miraculin(奇跡果蛋白)is very appreciated by lcal cnsumers, especially the kids and peple with diabetes (糖尿病).
Despite the miracle berry’s prmise as a sugar replacement, it is nly prduced n a limited scale and isn’t available wrldwide. The berries dn’t travel well and the plant is slw t grw.
T create an alternative surce f miraculin, researchers at the University f Tsukuba in Japan have genetically engineered tmates t prduce the prtein, but this isn’t necessary, says Tchkpnhue whse team is wrking t help enlarge the prductin f miracle berries in West Africa. Earlier this year, a team at Hainan University in China published the genme(基因圖譜)f Synsepalum dulcificum, which may help.
Spanish start-up Baia Fd has plans t prmte sustainable grwth f the plant in Ghana and market the dried berries. Yu can rder tablets f freeze-dried miracle berries nline but they are pricey, csting arund ￡18 fr a pack f 10. If yu can affrd it, the berry’s taste-twisting pwer is fun t try at hme. Let the tablet melt n yur tngue, then try tasting acidic fds such as lemns. The effect shuld last between 15 and 60 minutes.
29．What d we knw abut Synsepalum dulcificum?
A．It cntains high calries.
B．It is related t weight gain.
C．It tastes unusually sweet.
D．It serves as a sugar replacement
30．What is paragraph 4 mainly abut?
A．Effrts made t btain mre miraculin.
B．Genme published t help d the research
C．Creatin advcated t prduce miracle berries.
D．Transfrmatins perfrmed t engineer tmates
31．What can we say abut tablets f freeze-dried miracle berries?
A．They are sur.B．They are inexpensive
C．They are accessibleD．They are prductive.
32．What is the authr’s attitude t getting the sugar alternative?
A．Dubtful.B．Optimistic.C．Defensive.D．Cnservative.
9.（2023·山東聊城·統(tǒng)考三模）After a year f severe drught, Califrnia has seen an abundance f rain since late autumn. Abby Wines, a ranger (護林員) at Death Valley Natinal Park in suthern Califrnia, predicted that the heavy rainfall wuld bring us the pprtunity t witness ne f nature’s mst spectacular displays f clr and life — a superblm — in 2023.
A superblm refers t a large amunt f wildflwer grwth that exceeds the average level fr a typical spring. It is actually a rare phenmenn that usually takes place in exceptinally wet winters. Seeds that may have slept in desert sil fr years finally receive enugh water t blssm in mre abundant numbers than yu wuld see in a typical year.
The sight f the superblm is truly breathtaking. Fields f gld, range, and purple flwers stretch as far as the eye can see, creating a blanket f clrs that can be seen frm space.
Hwever, climate change makes the phenmenn increasingly rare. In the distant past, these blms were ften excellent and enrmus. As develpment pushes farther ut, mre landscapes have been changed t agriculture, and as invasive plants utcmpetes the native seedlings, many f Califrnia’s spring flwer fields are disappearing. In additin, thusands f turists smetimes step n the flwers and sil, which harms the plant’s ability t adapt and thrive.
Nami Fraga, directr f cnservatin at the Califrnia Btanic Garden, pints ut that in prmting these lcatins where massive blms take place, there isn’t a lt f additinal infrmatin abut hw these are actually very fragile (脆弱的) ecsystems. Instead f prmting and sharing specific lcatins, it’s imprtant t educate the public abut the fragility f the ecsystems and the imprtance f staying n trails which peple are allwed t enter.
33．What is the key t a superblm accrding t Abby Wines?
A．Desert sil.B．Warm climate.
C．Sufficient rainfall.D．High-quality seeds.
34．What des the underlined wrd “exceeds” in paragraph 2 prbably mean?
A．Equals t.B．Ges beynd.
C．Cuts dwn.D．Sets up.
35．What is paragraph 4 mainly abut?
A．Reasns fr the superblm being rare.
B．Factrs in plants’ adapting t the envirnment.
C．The relatinship between climate and plants grwing.
D．The effect f agricultural develpment n plants flwering.
36．What des Nami Fraga advcate?
A．Prmting lcal turism by advertising superblms.
B．Recmmending turists perfect trails t enjy a superblm.
C．Strengthening the management f Califrnia Btanic Garden.
D．Leading the public t fcus mre n the eclgical envirnment.
10.（2023·山東濰坊·統(tǒng)考模擬預(yù)測）Curisity affects everything frm ur relatinships t ur educatin, but it’s nt easy t study it. With the help f Wikipedia thugh, researchers have nw dne just that, explring tw main types f curisity.
The resulting study was able t divide the individuals int tw previusly identified types, as far as curisity ges: the ‘busybdy’ wh explres a lt f diverse infrmatin, and the ‘hunter’ wh stays n a mre fcused track when it cmes t gaining knwledge.
“Wikipedia allwed bth intrverts (內(nèi)向) and extrverts t have equal pprtunity in curius practice, a limitatin in ther studies f curisity, while the ad-free search engine allwed individuals t truly be captains f their wn curisity ships,” says biphysicist Da?ielle Bassett, frm the University f Pennsylvania.
By recrding pages as ndes (節(jié)點) and analysing hw clsely they were related, Bassett and her clleagues were able t find bth busybdies and hunters in their pl f vlunteers — thse wh tended t jump all arund Wikipedia and thse wh were mre likely t stay n clsely related pages.
Hwever, the participants didn’t always stick t ne type f behaviur r the ther, and t find ut why the researchers used a wellbeing questinnaire given t the participants befre the study began, cvering tpics like seeking ut scial interactin and tlerating stress. Based n the surveys, a need t fill specific knwledge gaps seemed t drive hunter-style behaviur, while a desire t seek ut brand new infrmatin was an indicatr f a busybdy-style f Wikipedia brwsing (瀏覽) — taking larger leaps (跳躍) between ndes r pages. “We assume that a switch frm hunter t busybdy style might arise due t sensatin seeking, r the tendency t pursue nvel and exciting Infrmatin,” says Bassett.
These findings can be useful in a number f ways, including in infrming appraches t teaching. Curisity is als linked t emtinal wellbeing: peple wh are mre curius tend t be mre satisfied with life and less anxius. By making sure infrmatin is available in ways that are accessible, we can encurage curisity and prmte cntentment at the same time.
37．Why did the researchers use Wikipedia t d their study?
A．It culd aruse a higher level f curisity.
B．It charged n fees fr brwsing infrmatin.
C．It enabled intrverts t switch t extrverts.
D．It caused n disturbance t study participants.
38．What did the researchers find ut abut busybdies?
A．They tk smaller leaps between pages.
B．They tended t brwse lsely cnnected infrmatin.
C．They were anxius t narrw specific knwledge gaps.
D．They were mre likely t stick t their type f behavir.
39．What may drive hunters t becme busybdies?
A．The desire t seek nvelty.
B．A reductin in sensatin seeking.
C．A wish t knw like-minded individuals.
D．The need t dive deeply int a certain tpic.
40．What’s the cnsequence f prmting peple’s curisity?
A．Well-runded individuals.
B．Increased feelings f cntentment.
C．Greater ability t figure ut prblems.
D．Mre chances t becme tp teachers.
【答案】37．D 38．B 39．A 40．B
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章揭示了在維基百科的幫助下研究者所做的關(guān)于兩種主要的好奇心類型的研究，并得出結(jié)論：培養(yǎng)好奇心有助于人們焦慮的減輕和生活滿足感的增加。
37．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段““Wikipedia allwed bth intrverts (內(nèi)向) and extrverts t have equal pprtunity in curius practice, a limitatin in ther studies f curisity, while the ad-tree search engine allwed individuals t truly be captains f their wn curisity ships,” says biphysicist Da?ielle Bassett, frm the University f Pennsylvania.(“維基百科允許內(nèi)向者和外向者在好奇心實踐中有平等的機會，這是其他好奇心研究的局限，而無廣告搜索引擎允許個人真正成為自己好奇心船的船長，”賓夕法尼亞大學(xué)的生物物理學(xué)家Da?ielle Bassett說)”可知，他們使用維基百科進行這項研究的一個原因是，維基百科上沒有廣告，參與研究的人員可以做自己好奇心的主人來進行網(wǎng)頁瀏覽。由此推知，維基百科不會對參與研究的人員好奇心形成干擾。故選D項。
38．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“the ‘busybdy’ wh explres a lt f diverse infrmatin(探索大量不同信息的“好事的人”)”及第五段“while a desire t seek ut brand new infrmatin was an indicatr f a busybdy-style f Wikipedia brwsing (瀏覽) — taking larger leaps (跳躍) between ndes r pages.(而尋求全新信息的愿望是維基百科瀏覽的好事的人的一個標(biāo)志——在節(jié)點或頁面之間發(fā)生了更大的跳躍)”可知，好事的人喜歡跳轉(zhuǎn)到不同的頁面去探索大量信息。由此可知，他們傾向于瀏覽松散連接的信息。故選B項。
39．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段““We assume that a switch frm hunter t busybdy style might arise due t sensatin seeking, r the tendency t pursue nvel and exciting Infrmatin,” says Bassett.(“我們認為，從獵人風(fēng)格到好事風(fēng)格的轉(zhuǎn)變可能是由于尋求感覺，或者追求新穎和令人興奮的信息的傾向，”巴塞特說)”可知，對于尋求新奇的渴望可能促使獵人風(fēng)格到好事者風(fēng)格的轉(zhuǎn)變。故選A項。
40．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Curisity is als linked t emtinal wellbeing: peple wh are mre curius tend t be mre satisfied with life and less anxius.(好奇心也與情緒健康有關(guān)：好奇心更強的人往往對生活更滿意，焦慮更少)”可知，好奇心越強越會使人獲得更多滿足感。由此推知，激發(fā)人們的好奇心會增強人們的滿足感。故選B項。

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