高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)題型專題03 閱讀理解之人物傳記類（2份打包，解析版+原卷版）-試卷下載-教習(xí)網(wǎng)

Part 1題型總覽
【題型綜述】
人物傳記類閱讀理解在近年高考中頻繁出現(xiàn)，主要以介紹科學(xué)家、文學(xué)家等杰出人物在各自領(lǐng)域所取得的重大成就，尤其注重介紹這些杰出人物如何克服身體殘缺、自然環(huán)境和社會(huì)環(huán)境所造成的各種困難。體裁一般是記敘文，寫作手法多采用時(shí)間、空間或邏輯線索貫穿文章始終。
【技巧點(diǎn)撥】
人物傳記類文章多為記敘文，命題以細(xì)節(jié)為主，推理為輔。應(yīng)特別注意對(duì)人物的外貌、語言、動(dòng)作和思想的描寫，從而把握人物性格特點(diǎn)和作者的情感態(tài)度。閱讀時(shí)，我們可以先瀏覽題干，看一下哪幾道題是有關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)理解的，抓住題干關(guān)鍵詞，然后再到文章中查找并閱讀與之有關(guān)的句子。
【讀相關(guān)詞】
wisdm n．智慧；明智
intelligent adj. 聰明的；智能的
gifted adj. 有才能的
utging adj. 愛交際的；外向的
utstanding adj. 杰出的
virtue n．美德；正直的品行
ptimistic adj. 樂觀主義的
achievement n．成就；成績；功績
admire v. 欽佩；欣賞
attractive adj. 有魅力的
cnfident adj. 自信的
enthusiastic adj. 熱情的
creative adj. 富有創(chuàng)造力的
energetic adj. 精力旺盛的
bigraphy n.傳記
autbigraphy n. 自傳;自傳體小說
fantasy n. 想象;幻想;幻想作品
nvelist n. 小說家
event n. 重要的事;重大事件;賽事;演藝會(huì)
incident n. 生活中印象深刻的小事;不尋?；虿挥淇斓男∈?政治事件/事變
witness v. 當(dāng)場看到;目擊
witness n. 目擊者;見證人
intellectual a.腦力的;推理的;有智慧的
talented/gifted a. 有才藝的
persnable a .品貌兼優(yōu)的
brilliant a. 絕妙的;明亮的;才華橫溢的
apprachable a. 和藹可親的;淺顯易懂的
demanding a. 要求高的;要求急嚴(yán)的
absent-minded a. 心不在焉的
cnservative a. 保守的;守舊的
knw-all a. 博學(xué)多知的
sense f humur 幽默感
be ready t 樂于
mdest and hnest 謙虛誠實(shí)
adapt (neself) t 適應(yīng)于……
have difficulty in ding sth. 做某事有困難
be eager t d sth. 渴望做某事
be regarded as 被認(rèn)為是
have a gift fr 在……方面有天賦
wrk hard at 努力做
devte ne's life t 致力于
graduate frm 從……畢業(yè)
taken an active part in 積極參加
pen-minded and ptimistic 樂觀開朗
be admitted t 被……錄取；考入
g abrad fr further studies 出國深造
be hnred fr 因……而受到尊敬
Part 2真題感悟
Passage 1
【真題詳解】
【2020·天津卷】
“They tell me that yu’d like t make a statue(塑像) f me-is that crrect, Miss Vinnie Ream?”
The deep, gentle vice helped calm the nervus girl. Asking a favr f the President f the United States was n casual matter, especially fr a seventeen-year-ld girl.
“Yes, sir,” she replied, her dark eyes meeting his. “I wuldn’t have du ask yu, but my teacher, Mr. Mills, says I am ready. I plan t make it in an admirable manner. “
President Lincln smiled. “Painters, sculptrs-they’ve all tried t make the best f this rdinary face, but I’m afraid there’s nt much hpe. What did yu have in mind, Miss Ream? A bust(半身像)?”
Befre Vinnie culd say yes, the President hurried n, a shade f aplgy in his vice.
“Of curse-I shuldn’t have asked. A full-length pse wuld be much t big a prject fr a yung wman yur size. “
Vinnie’s face turned red. She realized she lked like a child, with her tiny figure. “Small des nt mean weak, sir,” she defended herself. “I was brn in the cuntry f Wiscnsin. I’ve driven teams f hrses and carried water. Making a full-length clay(粘土) figure wuld nt exhaust my strength-and that is what I intend t d!”
The President’s eyes, brightened at her shw f spirit. “Srry, madam, I have underestimated yu as I didn’t knw yur backgrund.”
But his smile faded as he rubbed his beard with bny fingers, in thught. “Miss Ream,” he sighed, “I’d like t let yu d it, but as yu knw, we are in the middle f a war. Hw culd I pssibly take the time t pse fr a sculpture nw? I hardly have a minute t myself.”
Vinnie glanced arund and nted the size f his ffice. “I wrk quickly,” she said. Her vice was sft but cnfident as she pinted t the crner near the windws. “If I were t bring my clay here and wrk fr three hurs every afternn, I culd cmplete mst f the prject while yu are at yur desk.”
The President seemed t cnsider her idea seriusly. He gt up and shk Vinnie’s hand warmly, “I’ve heard that yu are a talented yung wman, and I have fund yu charming and intelligent as well. I cannt make my decisin immediately, but yu will hear frm me sn.”
The very next day, Vinnie received an invitatin frm the President.
41．What gave Vinnie cnfidence t make her request f President Lincln?
A．Her aggressive persnality.
B．Mr. Mills’s encuraging remark.
C．President Lincln’s gentle vice.
D．Her interest in a challenging jb.
42．Hw did President Lincln first respnd t Vinnie’s request?
A．Pleased.
B．Thrilled.
C．Regretful.
D．Dubtful.
43．Vinnie cnfirmed her ability t make a full-length statue by highlighting ______.
A．her experience frm ther prjects
B．her inncent childhd in the cuntry
C．the heavy labr she had dne befre
D．the skill she picked up in Wiscnsin
44．Vinnie wanted t chse the crner near the windws t ______.
A．a(chǎn)chieve effects f natural lighting
B．keep all her tls within easy reach
C．bserve the President at a right angle
D．a(chǎn)vid disturbing the president’s wrk
45．What message des the stry cnvey?
A．A strng-willed sul can reach his gal.
B．Experience helps t prmte excellence.
C．Ups and dwns make ne strng.
D．Devtin requires enthusiasm.
【答案】41．B42．D43．C44．D45．A
【解析】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要記敘了Vinnie Ream向林肯總統(tǒng)提出給他做一個(gè)全身雕像的請(qǐng)求，一開始林肯總統(tǒng)對(duì)此表示懷疑，在Vinnie的不斷努力爭取后，最終第二天Vinnie收到了林肯總統(tǒng)的邀請(qǐng)。
41．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的”I wuldn't have dared t ask yu, but my teacher, Mr. Mills, says I am ready. I plan t make it in an admirable manner. “可知，我本來不敢問你，但我的老師Mills先生說我準(zhǔn)備好了。我打算用一種令人欽佩的方式來做這件事。由此可知，Mills先生的話給了Vinnie向林肯總統(tǒng)提出要求的底氣。故選B。
42．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中的”O(jiān)f curse- I shuldn't have asked. A full-length pse wuld be much t big a prject fr a yung wman yur size.”可知，當(dāng)然-我不應(yīng)該問的。對(duì)于你這種身材的年輕女性來說，全身雕像太大了。由此可推知，林肯總統(tǒng)首先對(duì)Vinnie的請(qǐng)求表示懷疑。故選D。
43．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段中的”I've driven teams f hrses and carried water. Making a full-length clay figure wuld nt exhaust my strength-and this is what I intend t d!”可知，我趕過馬隊(duì)，提過水。做一個(gè)全身雕像不會(huì)耗盡我的力量-我還正想這樣呢！此可知，Vinnie通過強(qiáng)調(diào)她以前所做的繁重勞動(dòng)，證實(shí)了她有能力制作一個(gè)全身雕像。故選C。
44．推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第四段中的”Miss Ream,” he sighed, “I'd like t let yu d it, but as yu knw, we are in the middle f a war. Hw culd I pssibly take the time t pse fr a sculpture nw? I hardly have a minute t myself. “可知，總統(tǒng)提到自己沒有時(shí)間擺姿勢來讓Vinnie做雕像。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中的”Vinnie glanced arund and nted the size f his ffice. “I wrk quickly,” she said. Her vice was sft but cnfident as she pinted t the crner near the windws. “If I were t bring my clay here and wrk fr three hurs every afternn, I culd cmplete mst f the prject while yu are at yur desk. “可知，Vinnie環(huán)顧四周，注意到了他辦公室的大小?！蔽腋傻煤芸?，”她說。她指著靠近窗戶的那個(gè)角落，聲音柔和而自信?！比绻野盐业恼惩翈У竭@里來，每天下午工作三個(gè)小時(shí)，我就可以在你辦公的時(shí)候完成大部分的項(xiàng)目?！庇纱丝赏浦?，上文中總統(tǒng)提到自己沒有時(shí)間擺姿勢來讓Vinnie做雕像，于是Vinnie想選擇靠近窗戶的角落，是為了避免干擾總統(tǒng)的工作。故選D。
45．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章主要記敘了Vinnie Ream向林肯總統(tǒng)提出給他做一個(gè)全身雕像的請(qǐng)求，一開始林肯總統(tǒng)對(duì)此表示懷疑，在Vinnie的不斷努力爭取后，最終第二天Vinnie收到了林肯總統(tǒng)的邀請(qǐng)。由此可推知，這個(gè)故事表達(dá)了意志堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的人能達(dá)到目標(biāo)的思想。故選A。
【強(qiáng)重難詞】
statue n.塑像
sculptrs n. 雕刻家
brighten vi. 明亮；變亮；活躍；快樂高興vt. 使閃亮；使生輝；使快樂高興
in an admirable manner以令人欽佩的方式
a shade f aplgy一絲歉意
a talented yung wman一個(gè)有天賦的年輕女性
bny fingers纖瘦的手指
【析長難句】
1. Making a full-length clay(粘土) figure wuld nt exhaust my strength-and that is what I intend t d!”
【解析】本句中的Making a full-length clay是動(dòng)名詞做主語，what引導(dǎo)的是表語從句。
【譯文】做一個(gè)完整的泥人不會(huì)耗盡我的力氣——而這正是我想做的!”
【仿寫】_______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
2. “If I were t bring my clay here and wrk fr three hurs every afternn, I culd cmplete mst f the prject while yu are at yur desk.”
【解析】本句中的if引導(dǎo)的是條件狀語從句，從句使用了虛擬語氣；主句中的while引導(dǎo)的是時(shí)間狀語從句。
【譯文】“如果我把我的粘土帶來這里，每天下午工作三個(gè)小時(shí)，我可以在你在書桌旁辦公的時(shí)候完成大部分項(xiàng)目?！?br>【仿寫】_______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
3. “I’ve heard that yu are a talented yung wman, and I have fund yu charming and intelligent as well.
【解析】本句中的heard 后面是that引導(dǎo)的是賓語從句，fund yu charming and intelligent是“find sb. adj.賓語補(bǔ)足語的結(jié)構(gòu)
【譯文】我聽說你是個(gè)很有才華的年輕女子，我覺得你既迷人又聰明。
【仿寫】_______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
Passage 2
【2020·全國新高考II山東卷】
Jenifer Mauer has needed mre willpwer than the typical cllege student t pursue her gal f earning a nursing degree. That willpwer bre fruit when Jennifer graduated frm University f Wiscnsin-Eau Claire and became the first in her large family t earn a bachelr's degree.
Mauer, f Edgar, Wiscnsin, grew up n a farm in a family f 10 children. Her dad wrked at a jb away frm the farm, and her mther ran the farm with the kids. After high schl, Jennifer attended a lcal technical cllege, wrking t pay her tuitin（學(xué)費(fèi)）, because there was n extra mney set aside fr a cllege educatin. After graduatin, she wrked t help her sisters and brthers pay fr their schling.
Jennifer nw is married and has three children f her wn. She decided t g back t cllege t advance her career and t be able t better supprt her family while ding smething she lves: nursing. She chse the UW-Eau Claire prgram at Ministry Saint Jseph's Hspital in Marshfield because she was able t pursue her fur-year degree clse t hme. She culd drive t class and be hme in the evening t help with her kids. Jenifer received great supprt frm her family as she wrked t car her degree: Her husband wrked tw jbs t cver the bills, and her 68-year-ld mther helped take care f the children at times.
Thrugh it all, she remained in gd academic standing and graduated with hnrs. Jennifer sacrificed（犧牲）t achieve her gal, giving up many nights with her kids and missing imprtant events t study. “Sme nights my heart was breaking t have t pick between my kids and studying fr exams r papers,” she says. Hwever, her children have learned an imprtant lessn witnessing their mther earn her degree. Jennifer is a first-generatin graduate and an inspiratin t her family-and that's pretty pwerful.
4. What did Jennifer d after high schl? （）
A. She helped her dad with his wrk.
B. She ran the family farm n her wn.
C. She supprted herself thrugh cllege.
D. She taught her sisters and brthers at hme.
5. Why did Jennifer chse the prgram at Ministry Saint Jseph's Hspital in Marshfield? （）
A. T take care f her kids easily. B. T learn frm the best nurses.
C. T save mney fr her parents. D. T find a well-paid jb there.
6. What did Jennifer sacrifice t achieve her gal? （）
A. Her health. B. Her time with family.
C. Her reputatin. D. Her chance f prmtin.
7. What can we learn frm Jenifer's stry? （）
A. Time is mney. B. Lve breaks dwn barriers.
C. Hard wrk pays ff. D. Educatin is the key t success.
【答案】4. C 5. A6. B 7. C
【文章大意】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了Jennifer在家里不能提供大學(xué)教育的情況下，通過自己的努力，以及家人的幫助完成了四年學(xué)位。她的努力不僅讓自己以優(yōu)異的成績畢業(yè)，還給家人，尤其是她的三個(gè)孩子樹立了榜樣，讓他們得到了激勵(lì)。
4.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的After high schl, Jennifer attended a lcal technical cllege, wrking t pay her tuitin, because there was n extra mney set aside fr a cllege educatin.(高中畢業(yè)后，Jennifer上了一所當(dāng)?shù)氐募夹g(shù)學(xué)院來支付她的學(xué)費(fèi)，因?yàn)榧依餂]有額外的錢用來支付大學(xué)教育)可知，高中畢業(yè)后Jennifer通過自己掙錢來完成大學(xué)教學(xué)，因?yàn)榧依餂]有額外的錢。C. She supprted herself thrugh cllege.(她自食其力讀完了大學(xué))符合以上說法，故選C項(xiàng)。
5.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的She chse the UW-Eau Claire prgram at Misnistry Saint Jseph’s Hspital in Marshfield because she was able t pursue her fur-year degree clse t hme. She culd drive t class and be hme in the evening t help with her kids.(她選擇了位于馬什菲爾德的圣約瑟夫醫(yī)院的UW-Eau Claire項(xiàng)目，因?yàn)樗梢栽陔x家近的地方攻讀四年的學(xué)位。她可以開車去上課，晚上可以回家照顧孩子）可知，Jennifer選擇位于馬什菲爾德的圣約瑟夫醫(yī)院的UW-Eau Claire項(xiàng)目是因?yàn)殡x家近，這樣便于照顧她的三個(gè)孩子。A. T take care f her kids easily.(為了方便照顧她的孩子)符合以上說法，故選A項(xiàng)。
6.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的Jennifer sacrificed t achieve her gal, giving up many nights with her kids and missing imprtant events t study.(Jennifer為了實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的目標(biāo)犧牲了很多，她放棄了很多個(gè)和孩子待在一起的晚上，錯(cuò)過了很多重要的活動(dòng))可知，為了實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的目標(biāo)Jennifer放棄了和家人待在一起的時(shí)光。B. Her time with family.(她與家人的時(shí)光)符合以上說法，故選B項(xiàng)。
7.C推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的Thrugh it all, she remind in gd academic standing and graduated with hnrs.(雖然經(jīng)歷了這些，但她一直保持著良好的學(xué)術(shù)地位，并以優(yōu)異的成績畢業(yè))和Hwever, her children have learned an imprtant lessn witnessing their mther earn her degree. Jennifer is a first-generatin graduate and an inspiratin t her family-and that’s the pretty pwerful.(然而，她的孩子們?cè)谝娮C母親獲得學(xué)位的過程中得到了重要的一課。Jennifer是第一代畢業(yè)生，這對(duì)她的家庭來說是一種激勵(lì)——這是非常強(qiáng)大的。)可知，Jennifer在艱苦的環(huán)境中通過自己的努力不僅以優(yōu)異的成績畢業(yè)，還給孩子樹立了榜樣，同時(shí)也讓家人得到了激勵(lì)。由此推測，我們可以從Jennifer的故事中學(xué)到：努力總會(huì)有回報(bào)。C. Hard wrk pays ff.(努力會(huì)得到回報(bào))符合以上說法，故選C項(xiàng)。
【固重難詞】
willpwer n.意志力
typical adj. 典型的；特有的；象征性的
pursue vt. 繼續(xù)；追求
sacrifice n. 犧牲；祭品；供奉vt. 犧牲；獻(xiàn)祭；虧本出售
inspiratin n. 靈感；鼓舞；吸氣；妙計(jì)
set aside fr專門留出時(shí)間做
advance her career推進(jìn)她的職業(yè)生涯
cver the bills支付賬單
earn a bachelr's degree. 獲得學(xué)士學(xué)位
attend a lcal technical cllege參加當(dāng)?shù)氐募夹g(shù)學(xué)校
pay her tuitin付學(xué)費(fèi)
achieve her gal實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)
【析長難句】
1. After high schl, Jennifer attended a lcal technical cllege, wrking t pay her tuitin（學(xué)費(fèi)）, because there was n extra mney set aside fr a cllege educatin.
【解析】本句含有一個(gè)because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句，主句中的wrking為現(xiàn)在分詞短語做狀語。
【譯文】高中畢業(yè)后，詹妮弗進(jìn)入了當(dāng)?shù)氐囊凰夹g(shù)學(xué)院，通過工作來支付學(xué)費(fèi)，因?yàn)闆]有多余的錢供她上大學(xué)。
【仿寫】_______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
2. She decided t g back t cllege t advance her career and t be able t better supprt her family while ding smething she lves: nursing.
【解析】本句是個(gè)復(fù)合句，advance her career推進(jìn)她的職業(yè)生涯 while+ding做狀語，she lves 為定語從句，修飾smething
【譯文】她決定回到大學(xué)去發(fā)展自己的事業(yè)，并在做自己喜歡的事情——護(hù)理的同時(shí)更好地支持她的家庭。
【仿寫】_______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
3. That willpwer bre fruit when Jennifer graduated frm University f Wiscnsin-Eau Claire and became the first in her large family t earn a bachelr's degree.
【解析】本句是主從復(fù)合句，其中when引導(dǎo)的是時(shí)間狀語從句，graduated frm…是從……畢業(yè)，t earn…為動(dòng)詞不定式短語做后置定語，修飾the first in her large family。
【譯文】當(dāng)詹妮弗從威斯康辛大學(xué)歐·克萊爾畢業(yè)，成為她大家庭中第一個(gè)獲得學(xué)士學(xué)位的人時(shí)，她的意志力終于開花結(jié)果了。
【仿寫】_______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
4. Jennifer sacrificed（犧牲）t achieve her gal, giving up many nights with her kids and missing imprtant events t study.
【解析】本句中的t achieve…..為動(dòng)詞不定式短語做目的狀語，giving up…. 和 missing imprtant event…為現(xiàn)在分詞做伴隨狀語，t study…為動(dòng)詞不定式做目的狀語
【譯文】珍妮弗為了實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的目標(biāo)做出很大的犧牲，她放棄了和孩子在一起的夜晚，錯(cuò)過了許多重要的活動(dòng)。
【仿寫】_______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
【真題詳解】
Part 3專題強(qiáng)化
Passage 1【真題自測】
【2018·全國卷3】
While famus freign architects are invited t lead the designs f landmark buildings in China such as the new CCTV twer and the Natinal Center fr the Perfrming Arts, many excellent Chinese architects are making great effrts t take the center stage.
Their effrts have been prven fruitful. Wang Shu, a 49-year-ld Chinese architect, wn the 2012 Pritzker Architecture Prize — which is ften referred t as the Nbel Prize in architecture — n February 28. He is the first Chinese citizen t win this award.
Wang serves as head f the Architecture Department at the China Academy f Art (CAA). His ffice is lcated at the Xiangshan campus(校園) f the university in Hangzhu, Zhejiang Prvince. Many buildings n the campus are his riginal creatins.
The style f the campus is quite different frm that f mst Chinese universities. Many visitrs were amazed by the cmplex architectural space and abundant building types. The curves(曲線) f the buildings perfectly match the rise and fall f hills, frming a unique view.
Wang cllected mre than 7 millin abandned bricks f different ages. He asked the wrkers t use traditinal techniques t make the bricks int walls, rfs and crridrs. This creatin attracted a lt f attentin thanks t its mixture f mdern and traditinal Chinese elements(元素).
Wang’s wrks shw a deep understanding f mdern architecture and a gd knwledge f traditins. Thrugh such a balance, he had created a new type f Chinese architecture, said Tada And, the winner f the 1995 Pritzker Prize.
Wang believes traditins shuld nt be sealed in glass bxes at museums. "That is nly evidence that traditins nce existed," he said.
"Many Chinese peple have a misunderstanding f traditins. They think traditin means ld things frm the past. In fact, traditin als refers t the things that have been develping and that are still being created, " he said.
"Tday, many Chinese peple are learning Western styles and theries rather than fcusing n Chinese traditins. Many peple tend t talk abut traditins withut knwing what they really are, " said Wang.
The study f traditins shuld be cmbined with practice. Otherwise, the recreatin f traditins wuld be artificial and empty, he said.
24．Wang’s winning f the prize means that Chinese architects are ___________.
A．fllwing the latest wrld trend
B．getting internatinal recgnitin
C．wrking harder than ever befre
D．relying n freign architects
25．What impressed visitrs t the CAA Xiangshan campus mst?
A．Its hilly envirnment.
B．Its large size.
C．Its unique style.
D．Its diverse functins.
26．What made Wang’s architectural design a success?
A．The mixture f different shapes.
B．The balance f East and West.
C．The use f ppular techniques.
D．The harmny f ld and new.
27．What shuld we d abut Chinese traditins accrding t Wang?
A．Spread them t the wrld. B．Preserve them at museums.
C．Teach them in universities. D．Recreate them in practice.
【答案】
24．B25．C26．D27．D
【解析】
這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章主要報(bào)道了中國建筑設(shè)計(jì)師王澍在其作品中融合中國傳統(tǒng)建筑文化，獲得了建筑界的諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)——普利策獎(jiǎng)，這讓中國建筑現(xiàn)在得到了國際認(rèn)可。
24．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段的內(nèi)容可知，王澍獲得2012年普利策獎(jiǎng)，而普利策獎(jiǎng)相當(dāng)于建筑界的諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)，他是第一個(gè)獲此獎(jiǎng)的中國人，故推知中國建筑現(xiàn)在得到了國際認(rèn)可。故B項(xiàng)正確。
25．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段對(duì)CAA校園的描述可知，它的設(shè)計(jì)風(fēng)格獨(dú)特，與大多數(shù)中國大學(xué)的校園很不同，許多游客感對(duì)復(fù)雜的建筑空間和豐富的建筑類型感到吃驚，故C正確。
26．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第六段1995年普利策獎(jiǎng)的獲得者Tada And的評(píng)語可知，王澍設(shè)計(jì)的成功之處是把中國傳統(tǒng)元素融入現(xiàn)代設(shè)計(jì)，并保持兩者的和諧，故D正確。
27．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段和倒數(shù)第三段中In fact, traditin als refers t the things that have been develping and that are still being created可知，傳統(tǒng)的研究要與實(shí)踐相結(jié)合，在實(shí)踐中進(jìn)行再創(chuàng)造，否則就會(huì)是人工的和空的，故D正確。
【點(diǎn)睛】根據(jù)事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)，推斷合理信息。推理題要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基礎(chǔ)上，作出一定判斷和推論，從而得到文章的隱含意義和深層意義。推理題所涉及的內(nèi)容可能是文中某一句話，也可是某幾句話，但做題的指導(dǎo)思想都是以文字信息為依據(jù)，既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根據(jù)的推理，也不能根據(jù)表面文字信息做多步推理。也就是說，要做到判斷有據(jù), 推論有理，忠實(shí)原文。切忌用自己的觀點(diǎn)代替作者的本意，切忌片面思考，得出片面結(jié)論。
此題的第一小題和第四小題為推理判斷題。第1題根據(jù)第二段第二句可知Wang Shu 獲得2012年普利策獎(jiǎng)，相當(dāng)于建筑界的諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)，再根據(jù)第三句他是第一個(gè)獲此獎(jiǎng)的中國人可知，中國建筑現(xiàn)在得到了國際認(rèn)可，因得到認(rèn)可才能獲獎(jiǎng)。此題的解題關(guān)鍵時(shí)根據(jù)原文的兩個(gè)信息句進(jìn)行的判斷，而ACD原文中沒有提及。
Passage 2【真題自測】
【2016·全國卷2】
A new cllectin f phts brings an unsuccessful Antarctic vyage back t life.
Frank Hurley’s pictures wuld be utstanding—undubtedly first-rate pht-jurnalism—if they had been made last week. In fact, they were sht frm 1914 thrugh 1916, mst f them after a disastrus shipwreck(海灘), by a cameraman wh had n reasnable expectatin f survival. Many f the images were stred in an ice chest, under freezing water, in the damaged wden ship.
The ship was the Endurance, a small, tight, Nrwegian-built three-master that was intended t take Sir Ernest Shackletn and a small crew f seamen and scientists, 27 men in all, t the suthernmst shre f Antarctica’s Weddell Sea. Frm that pint Shackletn wanted t frce a passage by dg sled(雪橇) acrss the cntinent. The jurney was intended t achieve mre than what Captain Rbert Falcn Sctt had dne. Captain Sctt had reached the Suth Ple early in 1912 but had died with his fur cmpanins n the march back.
As writer Carline Alexander makes clear in her frceful and well-researched stry The Endurance, adventuring was even then a thrughly cmmercial effrt. Sctt’s last jurney, cmpleted as he lay in a tent dying f cld and hunger, caught the wrld’s imaginatin, and a film made in his hnr drew crwds. Shackletn, a netime British merchant-navy fficer wh had gt t within 100 miles f the Suth Ple in 1908, started a business befre his 1914 vyage t make mney frm mvie and still phtgraphy. Frank Hurley, a cnfident and gifted Australian phtgrapher wh knew the Antarctic, was hired t make the images, mst f which have never befre been published.
13．What d we knw abut the phts taken by Hurley?
A. They were made last week.
B. They shwed undersea sceneries.
C. They were fund by a cameraman.
D. They recrded a disastrus adventure.
14．Wh reached the Suth Ple first accrding t the text?
A. Frank Hurley.
B. Ernest Shackletn.
C. Rbert Falcn Sctt.
D. Carline Alexander.
15．What des Alexander think was the purpse f the 1914 vyage?
A. Artistic creatin.
B. Scientific research.
C. Mney making.
D. Treasure hunting.
【答案】13．D14．C15．C
【解析】
試題分析：本文屬于記敘文。講述了Frank的圖片記錄了一次海難，文章介紹了與這次航?；顒?dòng)相關(guān)的具體內(nèi)容。
13．D 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段第二句“they were sht frm 1914 thrugh 1916, mst f them after a disastrus ”可知這些照片記錄的是1914年左右發(fā)生的一次海難事故。故D項(xiàng)正確。
14．C 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“Captain Sctt had reached the Suth ”可知第一個(gè)到達(dá)南極的是Captain Sctt。故C項(xiàng)正確。
15．C 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二句“... started a business befre his 1914 vyage t make mney frm mvie and still phtgraphy”可知Alexander認(rèn)為他的這次航行就是為了掙錢。故C項(xiàng)正確。
【名師點(diǎn)睛】
本文三題均考查了細(xì)節(jié)理解題。在完成細(xì)節(jié)題時(shí)，要特別注意排除干擾項(xiàng)。如第小題13中的A項(xiàng)“They were made last week”屬于“顛倒黑白”類干擾項(xiàng)，根據(jù)第二段第一句“Frank Hurley’s pictures... undubtedly first-rate pht-jurnalism—if they had been made last week.”可知，如果這些照片是上周所拍，那么就會(huì)是一流的。實(shí)際上這些照片是1914年左右拍攝的。說明A項(xiàng)明顯錯(cuò)誤。
干擾項(xiàng)的設(shè)置方法除了“顛倒黑白”之外，通常還有以下幾種方式：
1. 張冠李戴。命題者把文章作者的觀點(diǎn)與他人的觀點(diǎn)混淆起來，題干問的是作者的觀點(diǎn)，選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)的卻是他人的觀點(diǎn)；或者題干問的是他人的觀點(diǎn)，卻把作者的觀點(diǎn)放到選項(xiàng)中去。
2. 偷梁換柱。干擾項(xiàng)用了與原文相似的句型結(jié)構(gòu)和大部分相似的詞匯，卻在不易引人注意的地方換了幾個(gè)詞匯，造成句意的改變。
3. 無中生有。干擾項(xiàng)往往是生活的基本常識(shí)和普遍接受的觀點(diǎn)，但在原文中并無相關(guān)的信息支持點(diǎn)，這種選項(xiàng)的設(shè)置往往與問題的設(shè)問毫不相干。
考點(diǎn)：考查記敘文閱讀
Passage 3【新題模擬】
（2021·安徽黃山市·高三期末） My 7-year-ld daughter Leeny always has her nse in a bk. She even tk t reading in the car n the lng drive t summer camp, which was where she lst the bk. This is the first lst library bk in my life. My family has always been vereducated, but we were pr. I didn’t wn bks. I brrwed bks. Hwever, my daughters have mre bks nw than I wned my whle childhd, and I knwingly cntribute t it by adding t the stacks(堆).S it's prbably my fault that when Leeny realized she had lst the bk, she shrugged(聳肩). “Srry. I can't find it,” she said. “It’s nly $ 20, right? What’s the big deal?”
I felt the need t make her feel respnsible fr the bk. She agreed t help me clean the chicken cp (籠子)in trade fr my paying the library fine. I thught this idea was very clever because cleaning the cp is sme wrk I had been aviding fr mnths. It was summertime and dust flated in the air. But my girl, my animal-lving mini-me, thught shveling chicken pp(鏟雞糞)was the mst fun she'd had n a Saturday mrning in a lng time. She didn't feel any f the emtins that punishment is suppsed t intrduce. In fact, she lked as if she might lse anther n purpse in rder t clean the cp again. I std, smewhat dumbfunded, watching her.
It tk me a while t realize what had happened, why my punishment had failed s cmpletely and why I didn't care. The fact is that I had Leeny help me clean the chicken cp. I was there, t, shveling chicken pp, fetching the clean straw and feed. Leeny's little sister, Vicki, was inside watching a cartn while my husband paid bills. Only Leeny and I were utside. She had me all t herself fr the first time since Vicki was brn, and she was enjying all the attentin fr nce. I dn't knw what she learned abut respnsibility, but I fund that I didn't care abut the bk any mre. We bnded ver that unpleasant jb and spent quality time tgether: mther, daughter, and chicken pp.
1．Hw des Leeny find reading?
A．It is very challenging. B．It is better t be dne in a library.
C．It is full f enjyment. D．It csts a large frtune.
2．The underlined wrd “it” in Paragraph 1 refers t the fact that .
A．the authr's daughters wn t many bks
B．the authr's daughter ften lst library bk
C．the authr culd never have enugh bks t read
D．the authr didn't wn many bks
3．Hw did the authr feel after she saw Leeny's cleaning wrk?
A．Ashamed. B．Astnished. C．Embarrassed. D．Upset.
4．What's the best title fr the passage?
A．What I we t Leeny: mre attentin
B．My daughter drve me crazy, but I felt grateful
C．Surprise: my daughter lves cleaning chicken cps
D．My punishment failed, but I didn't care
【答案】
1．C2．A3．B4．D
【分析】
本文是記敘文。文章主要講述作者以打掃雞籠作為對(duì)女兒丟書的懲罰的故事。通過這次“懲罰”使作者和女兒共享了一次美妙的親子時(shí)光。
1．
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“My 7-year-ld daughter Leeny always has her nse in a bk. She even tk t reading in the car n the lng drive t summer camp. ”（我7歲的女兒Leeny總是專心致志地看書。她甚至在去夏令營的途中看書）推測，Leeny很喜歡看書，對(duì)Leeny而言讀書是一件很快樂、享受的事情。故選C項(xiàng)。
2．
指代猜測題。根據(jù)第一段“Hwever, my daughters have mre bks nw than I wned my whle childhd, and I knwingly cntribute t it by adding t the stacks. ”（然而，我的女兒們現(xiàn)在所擁有的書比我整個(gè)童年時(shí)期擁有的書都多。我明明知道她們有很多書了，
還不斷地為她們購置新書，增加她們的圖書擁有量。）可知，it此處指代的是女兒們擁有太多書的事實(shí)。故選A項(xiàng)。
3．
觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第三段“I std, smewhat dumbfunded, watching her.”（我站在那，有點(diǎn)驚訝地看著她。）可知，作者原本想以打掃雞籠作為對(duì)女兒丟書的懲罰，沒想到女兒干起這件苦差事來卻樂在其中，這讓作者覺得很驚訝。故選B項(xiàng)。
4．
標(biāo)題判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“I dn't knw what she learned abut respnsibility, but I fund that I didn't care abut the bk any mre.”（我不知道關(guān)于責(zé)任，她學(xué)到了什么。但是我發(fā)現(xiàn)我不再在意書了。）可知，文章講述了女兒丟書后，作者本想以打掃雞籠作為懲罰，沒想到女兒卻樂在其中。作者對(duì)這件事進(jìn)行了有益反思，打掃雞籠讓作者和女兒共享了一次美妙的親子時(shí)光。雖然懲罰的計(jì)劃落空了，但作者已不在意了。故選D項(xiàng)。
Passage 4【新題模擬】
（2021·天津西青區(qū)·高三期末）Betty and Harld have been married fr years. But ne-thing still puzzles ld Harld. Hw is it that he can leave Betty and her friend Jan sitting n the sfa, talking, g ut t a ballgame, cme back three and a half hurs later, and they're still sitting n the sfa?
Talking? What in the wrld, Harld wnders, d they have t talk abut?
Betty shrugs(聳肩).Talk? We're friends.
Researching this matter called friendship, psychlgist Lillian Rubin spent tw years interviewing mre than tw hundred wmen and men. N matter what their age, their jb, their sex, the results were cmpletely clear: wmen have mre friendships than men, and the difference in the cntent and the quality f thse friendships is “marked and unmistakable.”
Mre than tw-thirds f the single men Rubin interviewed culd nt name a best friend. Thse wh culd were likely t name a wman. Yet three-quarters f the single wmen had n prblem naming a best friend, and almst always it was a wman. Mre married men than wmen named their wife/husband as a best friend, mst trusted persn, r the ne they wuld turn t in time f emtinal distress(痛苦).“Mst wmen,” says Rubin, “identified at least ne, usually mre, trusted friends t whm they culd turn in a trubled mment, and they spke penly abut the imprtance f these relatinships in their lives.”
“In general,” writes Rubin in her new bk, “wmen's friendships with each ther rest n shared emtins and supprt, but men's relatinships are marked by shared activities. ”“Fr the mst part”, Rubin says, “interactins between men are emtinally cntrlled-a gd fit with the scial requirements f “manly behavir.”
“Even when a man is said t be a best friend,” Rubin writes, “the tw share little abut their innermst feelings. While a wman's clsest female friend might be-the first t tell her t leave a failing marriage, it wasn't unusual t hear a man say he didn't knw his friend's marriage was in serius truble until he appeared ne night asking if he culd sleep n the sfa.”
5．What ld Harld cannt understand r explain is the fact that : ___
A．wmen have s much t share
B．he finds his wife difficult t talk t
C．wmen shw little interest in ballgames
D．he is treated as an utsider rather than a husband
6．Rubin's study shws that fr emtinal supprt a married wman is mre likely t turn t______.
A．her parents B．her husband C．a(chǎn) male friend D．a(chǎn) female friend
7．Accrding t the passage, which type f behavir is NOT expected f a man by sciety?
A．Ging ut t ballgames t ften.
B．Cmplaining abut his marriage truble.
C．Spending t much time with his friends.
D．Ending his marriage withut gd reasn.
8．Which f the fllwing statements is best supprted by the last paragraph?
A．Men keep their private feelings t themselves.
B．Wmen depend n thers in making decisins.
C．wmen are mre serius than men abut marriage.
D．Men ften take sudden actin t end their marriages.
9．The research dne by psychlgist Rubin centers arund________.
A．emtinal prblems in marriage B．happy and successful marriages
C．friendships f men and wmen D．interactins between men and wmen
【答案】
5．A6．D7．B8．A9．C
【分析】
本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了女性對(duì)于友誼和男性對(duì)于友誼不同的態(tài)度和做法。
5．
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“What in the wrld, Harld wnders, d they have t talk abut?（哈羅德想知道，他們到底要談什么？）”可知，Harld不能理解她們到底有多少要聊的內(nèi)容。故選A項(xiàng)。
6．
推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第五段“Yet three-quarters f the single wmen had n prblem naming a best friend, and almst always it was a wman. Mre married men than wmen named their wife/husband as a best friend, mst trusted persn, r the ne they wuld turn t in time f emtinal distress(痛苦). “Mst wmen,” says Rubin, “identified at least ne, usually mre, trusted friends t whm they culd turn in a trubled mment, and they spke penly abut the imprtance f these relatinships in their lives.””（然而，四分之三的單身女性可以毫不猶豫地說出最好的朋友，而且?guī)缀醵际桥?。與女性相比，更多的已婚男性將自己的妻子/丈夫視為最好的朋友、最信任的人，或者在情緒低落時(shí)可以求助的人?！按蠖鄶?shù)女性，”魯賓說，“至少有一個(gè)，通常更多，值得信賴的朋友，她們可以在遇到麻煩的時(shí)候向他們傾訴，并且公開談?wù)撨@些關(guān)系在她們生活中的重要性?！保笨赏茢啵鸦榕詾榱双@得情感上的支持，更傾向于求助于女性朋友。故選D項(xiàng)。
7．
推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第五段“Fr the mst part, Rubin says, interactins between men are emtinally cntrlled-a gd fit with the scial requirements f "manly behavir.（在很大程度上，男人之間的交往在情感上是受控制的，這很符合“男子漢氣概”的社會(huì)要求。）”和最后一段“While a wman's clsest female friend might be-the first t tell her t leave a failing marriage, it wasn't unusual t hear a man say he didn't knw his friend's marriage was in serius truble until he appeared ne night asking if he culd sleep n the sfa.(雖然一個(gè)女人最親密的女性朋友可能是第一個(gè)告訴她離開一段失敗的婚
姻，但聽到一個(gè)男人說直到他朋友有一天晚上出現(xiàn)問他，他才知道他朋友的婚姻陷入了嚴(yán)重的麻煩，這也并不罕見。)”可推斷，社會(huì)不接受一個(gè)男人抱怨婚姻問題。故選B項(xiàng)。
8．
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Even when a man is said t be a best friend,” Rubin writes, “the tw share little abut their innermst feelings.”（“即使一個(gè)男人被說成是最好的朋友，”魯賓寫道，“他們也很少分享內(nèi)心深處的感受?！保笨芍?，男人總是把自己的感情藏在心里。故選A項(xiàng)。
9．
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Researching this matter called friendship, psychlgist Lillian Rubin spent tw years interviewing mre than tw hundred wmen and men.（為了研究這個(gè)叫做友誼的問題，心理學(xué)家莉莉安·魯賓花了兩年時(shí)間采訪了200多名男女。）”可知，魯賓的實(shí)驗(yàn)圍繞男性與女性的友誼為中心的。故選C項(xiàng)。
Passage 5【新題模擬】
（2021·天津西青區(qū)·高三期末） Papa, as a sn f a dirt-pr farmer, left schl early and went t wrk in a factry,fr educatin was fr the rich then.S, the wrld became his schl.With great interest, he read everything he culd lay his hands n, listened t the twn elders and learned abut the wrld beynd his tiny hmetwn."There's s much t learn," he'd say.“Thugh we're brn stupid, nly the stupid remain that way.”He was determined that nne f his children wuld be denied(拒絕)an educatin.
Thus, Papa insisted that we learn at least ne new thing each day.And dinner time seemed perfect fr sharing what we had learned.We wuld talk abut the news f the day;n matter hw insignificant, it was never taken lightly.Papa wuld listen carefully and was ready with sme cmment,always t the pint.
Then came the mment-the time t share the day's new learning.
Papa, at the head f the table, wuld push back his chair and pur a glass f red wine,ready t listen.
Felice, “he'd say,”tell me what yu learned tday.“l(fā)earned that the ppulatin f Nepal is...”
Silence.
Papa was thinking abut what was said, as if the salvatin(拯救)f the wrld wuld depend upn it.“The ppulatin f ”he'd say.“Get the map; let's see where Nepal is.” And the whle family went n a search fr Nepal.
This same experience was repeated until each family member had a turn.Dinner ended nly after we had a clear understanding f at least half a dzen such facts.
As children, we thught very.little abut these educatinal wnders.Our family,hwever,was grwing tgether,sharing experiences and participating in ne anther’s educatin And by lking at us,listening t us, respecting ur input, affirming(肯定)ur value; giving us a sense f dignity, Papa -was unquestinably ur mst influential teacher.
Later during my training as a future teacher studied with sme f the mst famus
educatrs.They were imparting(傳授)what Papa had knwn all alng-the value f cntinual learning.His technique has served me well all my life.Nt a single day has been wasted, thugh I can never tell when knwing the ppulatin,f Nepal might prve useful.
10．What d we knw frm the first paragraph?
A．Thse brn stupid culd nt change their life.
B．The pr culd hardly affrd schl educatin.
C．The twn elders wanted t learn abut the wrld.
D．The authr's father was brn in a wrker's family.
11．The underlined wrd"it" in the secnd paragraph refers t“______”.
A．the news B．the request C．the cmment D．the pint
12．It can be learned frm the passage that the authr_________.
A．enjyed talking abut news
B．knew very well abut Nepal
C．felt regret abut thse wasted days
D．a(chǎn)ppreciated his father's educatinal technique
13．What is the greatest value f "dinner time" t the authr?
A．Shwing talents. B．Cntinual learning.
C．Family get-tgether. D．Winning Papa's apprval.
14．The authr's father can be best described as ________.
A．a(chǎn) wiseman willing t share his knwledge
B．a(chǎn) parent insistent n his children's educatin
C．a(chǎn)n educatr expert at training future teachers
D．a(chǎn) teacher strict abut everything his students did
【答案】
10．B11．A12．D13．B14．B
【分析】
這是一篇記敘文。作者的父親雖然目不識(shí)丁，但非常重視對(duì)孩子的教育，要求他們每天學(xué)習(xí)新知識(shí)。
10．
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段第一句“Papa, as a sn f a dirt-pr farmer, left schl early and went t wrk in a factry,fr educatin was fr the rich then.”（爸爸是一個(gè)赤貧農(nóng)民的兒子，很早就輟學(xué)到一家工廠工作，因?yàn)槟菚r(shí)教育是富人的事。）可知，教育是夫富人的事情，窮人幾乎負(fù)擔(dān)不起學(xué)校教育。故選B項(xiàng)。
11．
詞義猜測題。根據(jù)文章第二段第三句“We wuld talk abut the news f the day;n matter hw insignifican”（我們會(huì)談?wù)摦?dāng)天的新聞，無論多么微不足道的新聞）可知，這里的it代指上文的news，指的是他們每天談?wù)摰男侣?。故選A項(xiàng)。
12．
推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段第二、三句“They were imparting(傳授)what Papa had knwn all alng-the value f cntinual learning.His technique has served me well all my life.”（他們正在傳授爸爸一直都知道的東西——不斷學(xué)習(xí)的價(jià)值。他的技術(shù)使我受益終生。）可知，作者父親傳遞的堅(jiān)持學(xué)習(xí)的思想，這種思想讓作者在一生中受益匪淺，可見作者對(duì)父親的教育理念是心存感激的。故選D項(xiàng)。
13．
推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段第二句“Thus, Papa insisted that we learn at least ne new thing each day.And dinner time seemed perfect fr sharing what we had learned.”（因此，爸爸堅(jiān)持我們每天至少要學(xué)一件新東西。晚餐時(shí)間似乎很適合分享我們所學(xué)到的東西。）和最后一段第二句“They were imparting(傳授)what Papa had knwn all alng-the value f cntinual learning.”（他們正在傳授爸爸一直都知道的東西——不斷學(xué)習(xí)的價(jià)值。）可知，對(duì)作者來說，“晚餐時(shí)間”最大的價(jià)值是爸爸堅(jiān)持每天學(xué)習(xí)新東西，及不斷學(xué)習(xí)的價(jià)值。故選B項(xiàng)。
14．
推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章“Thus, Papa insisted that we learn at least ne new thing each day.And dinner time seemed perfect fr sharing what we had learned.”（因此，爸爸堅(jiān)持我們每天至少要學(xué)一件新東西。晚餐時(shí)間似乎很適合分享我們所學(xué)到的東西。）可知，作者的爸爸是一位堅(jiān)持每天讓孩子學(xué)習(xí)一件新東西，是一位堅(jiān)持對(duì)孩子教育的家長。故選B項(xiàng)。
序號(hào)
內(nèi)容
Part 1
題型總覽
題型綜述技巧點(diǎn)撥讀相關(guān)詞
Part 2
真題感悟
真題詳解強(qiáng)重難詞析長難句..
Part 3
專題強(qiáng)化
真題自測新題模擬

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