Unit 3The wrld f science
T knw the use f present prefect passive.T d sme exercises using the present perfect passive.T knw sme careers in science.
現(xiàn)在完成時 (have/has + v-ed)表示說話時已經(jīng)完成的動作，而且這個動作的結(jié)果對現(xiàn)在仍有影響;表示動作發(fā)生在過去，但一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并且有可能繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去。
D yu knw the structures and meanings f the present perfect tense and passive vice?
被動語態(tài)助動詞be +及物動詞的過去分詞be隨主語的人稱、數(shù)和時態(tài)的變化而變化。當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)動作承受者，不必說出執(zhí)行者或含糊不清的執(zhí)行者時，多用被動語態(tài)。
Present perfect passive
Lk at the sentences frm the reading passage and answer the questins.
a I guess yu have been asked abut the title f yur bk befre.b New inventins like 3D printers have been used t make replacement hearts and bne parts.
1 What has happened t “yu” in sentence (a)?
Smene has asked “yu” abut the title f yur bk befre.
2 Wh has used new inventins t make replacement hearts and bne parts in sentence (b)?
Peple have used 3D printers t make replacement hearts and bne parts.
Cmpare them with the fllwing sentences and answer the questins.
c I guess smene has asked yu abut the title f yur bk befre.d Peple have used new inventins like 3D printers t make replacement hearts and bne parts.
3 What is the difference between the tw grups f sentences? In the first grup, the wrds in red shw the use f the passive frm with the subjects, while in the secnd grup, the wrds in red shw the use f the active frm with the subjects.4 Why des the authr chse t use the passive frm instead f the active frm in the reading passage?The authr chses t use the passive frm instead f the active frm t emphasise what has been dne, rather than wh r what des the actin.
Nw lk fr mre sentences with the present perfect passive in the reading passage.
1. The New Age f Inventin has just been published.2. In?additin,?imprtant advances have been made in medicine and envirnmental science thanks t increasing cmputer pwer.3. New inventins like 3D printers have been used t make replacement hearts and bne parts.
have / has + been + v-ed
Hw d we frm the present perfect passive vice?
have /has + v-ed
現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)意義及結(jié)構(gòu)表示動作發(fā)生在過去, 到現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)完成或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響。動詞和被修飾主語構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系?？隙ㄊ剑篽ave/has + been + v-ed否定式：have/has + nt + been + v-ed一般疑問句：Have/Has +主語+ been +v-ed?特殊疑問句：疑問詞+have/has +been+ v-ed?
現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)有兩種情況：1) 表過去開始的被動動作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，常連用的時間狀語有：fr+段時間，since +時間狀語(從句)，these days, s far, up t nw, in the last/ past few years等。 如： This class have been taught by Mr. Brwn fr tw years. His Chinese has been imprved a lt since he came t China. Rwling’s nvels have been translated int many freign languages s far.
2) 表某被動動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，常與already, yet, just, ever, never, recently等連用。如： The bike has nt been repaired yet. I have already been intrduced t Mr. Smith.
并不是所有動詞都有被動語態(tài)。happen, take place, break ut, belng t, cst, last等不及物動詞或詞組無被動語態(tài)。Great changes have taken place in China since 1978.
1. 現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)與一般過去時被動語態(tài)的區(qū)別 一般過去時被動語態(tài)表示一個被動的動作發(fā)生在過去，其結(jié)果對現(xiàn)在沒有影響； 現(xiàn)在完成時被動語態(tài)的動作或狀態(tài)盡管發(fā)生在過去，但側(cè)重說明該動作或狀態(tài)對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。
The machine has been repaired．機(jī)器已經(jīng)修好了。(動作發(fā)生在過去，對現(xiàn)在有影響，修好了。)The machine was repaired yesterday．機(jī)器昨天修了。(只說明動作發(fā)生在昨天。)
2. 動詞短語是一個不可分割的整體，在被動語態(tài)中要保持其完整性，其中的介詞或副詞不可省略。 e.g. The rphans have been taken gd care f here． 孤兒們在這里受到很好的照顧。
Rewrite the underlined parts using the present perfect passive.
Within the next 80 years, ur lives may be changed beynd recgnitin by 3D printing. It has already affected many things in ur lives, right dwn t the fd we eat. Fr instance, sme restaurants in Lndn have served 3D-printed hamburgers t custmers.
Many things in ur lives have
3D-printed hamburgers have been served t custmers by sme restaurants in Lndn.
already been affected
But perhaps the mst significant success that peple have achieved t date is in machine. They have made human bdy parts, including a beating heart, with 3D printing technlgy. And it is nt just humans wh are benefiting- in Brazil, peple have given a new 3D-printed shell t a turtle injured in a frest fire!
But perhaps the mst significant success that has been achieved t date is in machine.
Human bdy parts, including a beating heart, have been made with 3D printing technlgy.
a new 3D-printed shell has been given t a turtle injured in a frest fire!
3 Imagine yu are Dr Mre. Lk at the pictures and tell the plice abut the damage and lss t yur lab. Use the present perfect passive where apprpriate.
The windw has been brken.The lck n the dr has been brken.
My tw laptps have been stlen.Beakers and test tubes have been destryed.The bk case has been pened, and sme files have been taken away while thers have been thrwn everywhere.The rbt has been damaged.
the buildings, destry, earthquake
The buildings have been destryed by the earthquake.
Lk at the pictures, first list sme key wrds, and then make up sentences using the present perfect passive vice.
The machine has been replaced by the cmputer.
in ur city, a new bridge, build
A new bridge has been built in ur city.
recently,many trees,plant,alng the rad
Many trees have been planted alng the rad recently.
seven Harry Prter bks,J. K. Rwling, s far,write
Seven Harry Prter bks have been written by J. K. Rwling s far.
Talk abut smething that has been dne.
I recently went back t my hmetwn where I haven’t been back fr a lng time.
A new shpping mall has been built. The rad system has been changed. The library has been mved.
I.用括號內(nèi)動詞的正確形式填空。1. The same mistake _____________ (make) many times.2. Mre than 100 famus films ________________ (shw) in the city since July.3. Althugh it ______________ (play) many times, he still lves it.?4. Three new schls ________________ (pen) in ur city in the past 5 years.
has been made
has been played
have been pened
II. 用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)重組下列句子。a new hspital fr wmen and children, build, in Beijing2. mre and mre trees, cut dwn, by farmers
A new hspital fr wmen and children has been built in?Beijing.
Mre and mre trees have been cut dwn by farmers.
3. abut 300 buildings and huses, destry, in the earthquake4. a lt f mney, spend, prtect the ld temple
Abut 300 buildings and huses have been destryed in the earthquake.
A lt f mney has been spent prtecting the ld temple.
Careers in science
Lk at the pictures and answer the questins.
physicist mathematician
1. What d yu knw abut these careers?
A physicist is a persn wh des research cnnected with physics r studies physics.A mathematician is a persn wh is trained in the study f numbers and calculatins.
gegrapher bilgist
chemist astrnmer
A chemist is a persn wh des research cnnected with chemistry r wh studies chemistry.An astrnmer is a scientist wh studies the stars, planets, and ther natural bjects in space.
A gegrapher is a persn wh studies gegraphy r is an expert in it.A bilgist is a persn wh studies r wrks in the field f bilgy.
2. What famus scientists can yu name in these fields?
Isaac Newtn
Albert Einstein
mathematician
Jhann Carl Friedrich Gauss
Antine-Laurent de Lavisier
Edmnd Halley
Alfred Lthar Wegener
Gregr Jhann Mendel
Cmplete the intrductins abut different scientists with the wrds in Activity 4. Pay attentin t the language that describes their careers.
Gu Shujing (1231-1316) was a famus Chinese ___________ f the Yuan Dynasty. He invented twelve new instruments t study stars and planets. He als develped a calendar which is as accurate as the Gregrian calendar. A muntain n the Mn and a minr planet are named after him.
British ________ Charles Darwin (1809-1882) is best knwn fr his wrk On the rigin f Species, in which he explains changes in species due t natural selectin. His ideas deeply influence ur understanding f the relatinship between humans and nature.
Li Dayuan (ca 466-527) was a famus writer and ___________ f the Nrthern Wei Dynasty. He did field research acrss China and studied mre than a thusand rivers and streams, alng with the landscape, histry and culture f the surrunding areas.
Marie Curie (1867-1934) was a wrld –famus ________ and was first awarded the Nbel Prize in 1903 fr her extrardinary wrk n radiactivity. She was als regarded as a brilliant _________, and was again awarded the Nbel Prize in 1911 fr the islatin f pure radium.
Chen Jingrun (1933-1996) was ne f the wrld’s leading _______________. His wrk n Chen’s Therem made an imprtant advance twards prving Gldbach’s Cnjecture, the greatest unslved prblem in number thery.
Wrk in pairs. Think abut ther careers in science and discuss what interest yu mst.I’m interested in the wrk f a(n)… because…
Review grammar.Read the text n Page 26-27 again and underline all the sentences f the present perfect and present perfect passive vice.

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