高中英語外研版 (2019)必修第三冊Unit 3 The world of science學案-學案下載-教習網(wǎng)

Section Ⅱ　Using language

1.beyond prep.無法……；超出(某個數(shù)量、水平或限度)；晚于，遲于　adv.在更遠處，往更遠處(教材原句)Within the next 80 years, our lives may be changed beyond recognition by 3D printing.在未來的80年里，3D打印可能會讓我們的生活發(fā)生翻天覆地的變化。?The beauty of the West Lake is beyond description.西湖的美麗簡直無法形容。?The problem was quite beyond him.他根本無法理解這個問題。?I know what I'll be doing for the next three weeks but I haven't thought beyond that.我知道我未來三周要做什么，但再往后我還沒有想過。?Snowdon and the mountains beyond were covered in snow.斯諾登山和更遠的山脈都被積雪覆蓋著。[歸納探究]beyond recognition 認不出來，面目全非beyond description 無法形容beyond repair 無法修理beyond belief 無法相信beyond compare 無與倫比beyond one's wildest dreams 某人做夢也想不到beyond one's reach 在某人夠不著的地方[即學即練]　完成句子①The town centre had changed __________________________ (認不出來).②The whole problem was hard to solve. It __________________________ (他無法理解).③他的成功令人難以置信，因為他的對手非常有經(jīng)驗。His success was ________________________ since his competitor was so experienced.④她在昨天音樂會上的表演無與倫比。Her performance at yesterday's concert was ________________________． 2.significant adj.重要的，影響深遠的?The most significant thing you should keep in mind is that most of the questions are easy if you make use of correct methods.你應該牢記的最重要的事情是，如果你使用正確的方法的話，大部分問題是容易的。?Most people attach great significance to education.大多數(shù)人重視教育。?The discovery of the new drug is of great significance to people suffering from heart problems.這種新藥的發(fā)現(xiàn)對患有心臟病的人具有重要意義。?They performed significantly better in all the other tests.他們在所有其他的測試中明顯表現(xiàn)得更好。[歸納探究](1)a significant achievement 重大成就a highly significant discovery 有重大意義的發(fā)現(xiàn)play a significant role in 在……中發(fā)揮重要作用It is significant that... ……很重要。be significant＝be of significance 重要的(2)attach (great/little) significance to 認為……(很/幾乎不)重要be of (great/no/little) significance to... 對……(很/不/幾乎不)重要[一句多譯]　我認為，練習書法對學生的成長有著重要的意義。In my view, practicing handwriting is very significant to the students' growth.＝In my view, practicing handwriting is of great significance to the students' growth.[即學即練]　單句語法填空①Most students think it significant to join the English corner, though a few haven't realized the ________ (significant) of it.②Learning strategies，________ which the teachers attach significance, haven't drawn enough attention of students.③The new drug has great ________ (significant) for the treatment of the disease.④The plan to be carried out is ________ great significance to people's life there. 3.injure v．使受傷，弄傷(教材原句)And it is not just humans who are benefiting—in Brazil, people have given a new 3D-printed shell to a turtle injured in a forest fire!而且不僅僅是人類受益——在巴西，人們給了一只在森林大火中受傷的烏龜一個新的3D打印的龜殼！?The main thing is to attend to the injured.首要任務是照顧傷者。?Don't do that. You will do yourself an injury.別那樣做。你會把自己弄傷的。?Too much smoking will injure the voice.吸煙太多會損害嗓音。[歸納探究]injure sb./sth./oneself 使某人/某物受傷injure one's pride/feelings 傷害某人的自尊/情感be badly/seriously injured 嚴重受傷the injured 受傷的人do sb.an injury/do an injury to sb. 傷害某人[單詞積累]　injured adj.受傷的　　injury n．傷害；損害An injured man was taken to the hospital, where the doctors found he suffered severe injuries to the head and arms and they wondered who had injured him.一個受傷的人被送到了醫(yī)院，在那里醫(yī)生發(fā)現(xiàn)他的頭部和胳膊都受到了嚴重的傷害，他們很疑惑是誰傷害了他。[即學即練]　單句語法填空①The ________ (injure) was quite painful and I couldn't move my arm for a month—I hated that.②The woman ________ (injure) in the car crash is still under treatment in hospital.③A month before my first marathon, one of my ankles ________ (injure) and this meant not running for two weeks, leaving me only two weeks to train. 4.accurate adj.準確的；精確的；逼真的(教材原句)He also developed a calendar which is as accurate as the Gregorian calendar.他還研制了一種和公歷一樣精確的歷法。?Her report of what happened was accurate in every detail of the facts.她對發(fā)生的情況的報道在事實的每項細節(jié)方面都準確無誤。?He can speak English fluently and accurately.他能準確流利地說英語。?While working out the problem, you should pay more attention to the accuracy.在解決問題的時候，你應該多注意準確性。[歸納探究]be accurate in 在……方面準確an accurate account/aim 準確的敘述/目標to be accurate 精確地說[聯(lián)想拓展]與accurate意義相近的詞：correct adj.正確的　exact adj.準確的　right adj.正確的[單詞積累]　accurately adv.精確地，準確地accuracy n．準確，精確[即學即練]　完成句子①精確地說，有205名記者參會了。________________，205 reporters attended the meeting.②我們希望在預測地震方面變得更加精確。We hope to become ________ predicting the earthquakes.③需要核實這些數(shù)據(jù)的準確性。There is a need to check the ____________ of these figures. 5.cure vt.治愈；治好　n．療法，治療(教材原句)Currently, there's no cure for Alzheimer's, but scientists are researching ways to improve the quality of life for people living with the disease.目前，還沒有治愈阿爾茨海默病的方法，但是科學家們正在研究改善患有這種疾病的人的生活質量的方法。?To my satisfaction, this medicine cured me of my cold.讓我感到滿意的是，這種藥治好了我的感冒。?Parents try to cure their children of bad habits.父母努力糾正孩子的不良習慣。?The government is trying to seek a good cure for unemployment.政府正在努力尋找解決失業(yè)的好辦法。[歸納探究](1)cure sb.of sth. 治好某人的??；矯正某人的不良行為(2)a cure for sth. 某疾病的治療方法There is no cure for... 沒有辦法治愈……[易錯辨析]　cure強調“治愈”(結果)。treat強調“治療”(過程)。[即學即練]　單句語法填空①Although this medicine can cure you ________ your illness, it has a bad effect on you.②Empathy can be a cure ________ loneliness, sadness, anxiety, and fear.③With the help of my parents and teachers, I ________ (cure) myself of some bad learning habits and made progress in my study. 熟記下列重要短語①to date 迄今，到目前為止②due to 由于，歸因于③for instance 例如④name...after... 以……的名字命名⑤field research 實地研究⑥make an advance towards 在……方面取得進展⑦the majority of 大多數(shù)⑧be recognized as 被認為是⑨along with 與……一道；與……一起

現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)一、語法現(xiàn)象感知①I haven't seen much of him recently/lately.②He has already obtained a scholarship.③Have they found the missing child yet?④The watch has just been cleaned and repaired (by them).⑤The important problem has been discussed for nearly two weeks.⑥The report has been written by him for two days.⑦The experiment has been done successfully.二、語法規(guī)則理解1．①②③句為________時的________語態(tài)?，F(xiàn)在完成時的主動語態(tài)的基本構成為________。2．④⑤⑥⑦句為現(xiàn)在完成時的________語態(tài)，現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)的基本構成為________。3．在現(xiàn)在完成時“have/has done”結構中，當主語是第________人稱單數(shù)時，用has，其他情況則用have。4．根據(jù)④⑤⑥⑦句可得出結論：一般而言，當句子的主語與謂語動詞構成________關系時，往往用被動語態(tài)形式。5．在①②③句中，由于句子的主語與謂語動詞之間構成________關系，故采用現(xiàn)在完成時的主動語態(tài)。6．根據(jù)以上句子可得知，常與現(xiàn)在完成時搭配的時間狀語有______________________，另外，______________________也是現(xiàn)在完成時的時間標志。微點撥?。?）現(xiàn)在完成時的基本含義：①過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成一定的影響。②過去的動作或狀態(tài)持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并且已經(jīng)完成。（2）常與現(xiàn)在完成時搭配的時間狀語有since， so far， in the past/last few years， lately， recently， up to now/until now等。（3）現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)的構成：have/has been done。

現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)主動語態(tài)表示主語為動作的執(zhí)行者；被動語態(tài)表示主語為動作的承受者?，F(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)強調過去的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結果，或一個動作從過去一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在但主語為動作的承受者，表示“……已經(jīng)被……”?，F(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)結構是“主語＋has/have＋been＋過去分詞”。?How long has the machine been used?這臺機器使用有多久了？?The dirty clothes have been washed.臟衣服都已經(jīng)洗了。一、現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)的含義1．動作已經(jīng)完成(發(fā)生)，強調對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結果；動作從過去一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。2．主語與謂語動詞之間為被動/動賓關系。?Our classroom has been cleaned. You needn't clean it now.我們的教室已經(jīng)打掃過了，你現(xiàn)在沒必要再打掃了。?These flowers have been watered. You can go home now.這些花已經(jīng)被澆過水了，你現(xiàn)在可以回家了。二、現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)的幾種常規(guī)用法1．用于不知道動作執(zhí)行者是誰時。His bike has been stolen.他的自行車被人偷了。(不清楚是被誰偷的)2．用于動作執(zhí)行者是泛指或不言自明時。Not a book in the library has been taken away.圖書館里的書沒有一本被人拿走。(沒人拿書，泛指)3．用于動作的執(zhí)行者不是人時。The house has been washed away by the storm.那棟房子已經(jīng)被暴風雨沖走了。微點撥　現(xiàn)在完成時的標志詞：“for＋一段時間”，since， already， ever， yet， so far， up to/until now， in the last/past few years/days/minutes/ months等。三、現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)的否定和疑問句式1．現(xiàn)在完成時被動語態(tài)的否定式由“主語＋ have/has＋not＋been＋及物動詞的過去分詞＋其他成分”構成。The car has not been repaired.這輛汽車還沒有修好。2．現(xiàn)在完成時被動語態(tài)的一般疑問式由“Have/Has＋主語＋been＋及物動詞的過去分詞＋其他成分”構成。—Has her work been finished?——她的工作完成了嗎？—Yes，it has.——是的，完成了。—Have the cars been repaired?——這些汽車修好了嗎？—No，they haven't.——不，還沒有。3．現(xiàn)在完成時被動語態(tài)的特殊疑問式由“特殊疑問詞＋ have/has＋主語＋been＋及物動詞的過去分詞＋其他成分”構成。?How long has her work been finished?她的工作完成多久了？?Who has been helped by the new computer?誰已經(jīng)得到了這臺新計算機的幫助？?How many new words have been learned by the students？這些學生已經(jīng)學會了多少個新單詞？四、現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)需要注意的問題1．現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)有兩個助動詞，即have/has和been，兩者缺一不可。2．注意與一般過去時的被動語態(tài)的區(qū)別：一般過去時的被動語態(tài)表示一個被動的動作發(fā)生在過去某個時候，不強調對現(xiàn)在的影響；而現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)的動作或狀態(tài)盡管發(fā)生在過去，但側重說明該動作或狀態(tài)對現(xiàn)在造成的影響和結果。?The house was built last year.這房子是去年建造的。?The house has been built.這房子已經(jīng)建好了。3．由finish, buy, start, begin, post, return, borrow，join，marry，open等非延續(xù)性動詞構成的現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)不能與表示一段時間的狀語如for four days，how long等連用，若與這些時間狀語連用，需要改換動詞或時態(tài)。譯：這本書買了多久了？誤：How long has this book been bought?正：When was this book bought？/How long have you had the book?注意：但這類動詞的否定式可表示動作的持續(xù)過程，具有延續(xù)性，因而可與since或for引導的時間段連用。No books have been bought since last week.自上周以來，沒有人來買過書。4．短語動詞是一個不可分割的整體，在被動結構中要保持其完整性，不可省略短語動詞中的介詞或副詞。The orphan has been well looked after.這位孤兒一直受到很好的照顧。

Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．More than 100 famous films ________________ (show) in the city since July.2．Since your work ________________ (finish), you can have a rest now.3．How many cars ________________ (produce) in the factory since 1990?4．Three new schools ________________ (open) in our city in the past five years.5．It's the first time that the computer ____________ (check) since I bought it.6．Great changes ________ (take) place in my hometown in the past ten years.7．—We want to sit at the table near the window.—I'm sorry, but it ________________ (take) already.8．It's said that the bridge ________________ (close) for repairs for months.9．Our classroom ________________ (clean), you needn't clean it now.10．Up to now, I ____________ (finish) two-thirds of the work.Ⅱ.短語填空pay attention to, as...as, name after, due to, along with，be regarded as, the number of, for instance, cure...of...，beyond recognition1．These data are not ____________ accurate ____________ those taken from the field research.2．OntheOriginofSpecies explains changes in species ____________ natural selection.3．The painting ____________ one of the most significant horse paintings in the history of Chinese art.4．____________ the language that describes careers as astronomer, chemist and biologist.5．Within the next 80 years, our lives may be changed ____________ by 3D printing.6．____________ families seeking shelter rose by 17 percent.7．Phillimore Island ____________ its discoverer, Sir Robert Phillimore.8．I was prepared to go ____________ whatever the majority decided.9．These jobs are more dangerous than truck driving, ____________， training lions.10．To be frank, if you don't stop smoking you cannot ____________ the disease.Ⅲ.將下列句子變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)1．Jack's boss has always praised him for his devotion to work.→________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2．The programmer has programmed the robots to act just like human beings.→________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3．They have put the computer into a robot.→________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4．We have already finished the work.→________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5．He has given the child some interesting books.→________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________6．Have they returned the book yet?→________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________7．The typhoon has damaged the bridges because of its strong wind.→________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Ⅳ.完成句子1．他已被挑選出來參加運動會。He ________________ to take part in the sports meeting.2．橋的建造還沒有完成。The construction of the bridge ____________________________．3．問題還沒有解決。The problem ____________________ yet.4．很抱歉，但這些信件還沒有被打印出來。I'm sorry, but the letters ________________ yet.5．這項計劃已被討論了近兩個小時。The plan ____________________ for nearly two hours.6．去度帶薪假的時間和地點尚未決定。When and where to go for the on-salary holiday ____________________ yet.7．這些男孩們多次被告知不要在那個湖里游泳。The boys ________________ many times not to swim in that lake.8．在你的作業(yè)沒完成之前你不應該離開學校。You shouldn't leave school before your homework ________________________________．9．在新技術的幫助下，在過去的幾年里越來越多的新物質被發(fā)現(xiàn)。With the help of new technology, more and more new substances ____________________ in the past years. Section Ⅱ　Using language要點精研·探究學習1．①beyond recognition　②was beyond him?、踒eyond belief④beyond compare2．①significance?、趖o?、踫ignificance?、躱f3．①injury?、趇njured　③was injured4．①To be accurate?、趍ore accurate in/at?、踑ccuracy5．①of　②for?、踓ured語法新知·對接課堂二、1．現(xiàn)在完成；主動；have/has done　2.被動；have/has been done　3.三　4.動賓　5.主動/主謂　6.recently, lately, yet, for nearly two weeks/for two days; since, so far, up to now, until now, in the past/last few years/days/minutes等課時達標·隨堂自測Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．have been shown　2.has been finished　3.have been produced　4.have been opened　5.has been checked6．have taken　7.has been taken　8.has been closed9．has been cleaned　10.have finishedⅡ.短語填空1．a(chǎn)s；as　2.due to　3.is regarded as　4.Pay attention to5．beyond recognition　6.The number of　7.is named after　8.along with　9.for instance　10.be cured ofⅢ.將下列句子變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)1．Jack has always been praised by his boss for his devotion to work.2．The robots have been programmed to act just like human beings by the programmer.3．The computer has been put into a robot by them.4．The work has already been finished by us.5．The child has been given some interesting books by him./Some interesting books have been given to the child by him.6．Has the book been returned by them yet?7．The bridges have been damaged by the typhoon because of its strong wind.Ⅳ.完成句子1．has been selected　2.has not been finished　3.has not been solved　4.have not been typed　5.has been discussed　6.has not been decided　7.have been told　8.has been finished9．have been discovered

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