實義動詞也叫行為動詞，有實在意義，能獨立作謂語。按其句法功能可分為及物動詞和不及物動詞；按其動作發(fā)生的方式、發(fā)生過程的長短可分為延續(xù)性動詞和非延續(xù)性動詞。
1.及物動詞 及物動詞本身意義不完整，需接賓語才能使其意思表達完整。及物動詞常用于以下幾種結(jié)構(gòu)中：
（1）主語+及物動詞+賓語I ften play sccer. 我經(jīng)常踢足球。
（2）主語+及物動詞+賓語+賓語補足語They cnsider him the best writer. 他們認為他是最優(yōu)秀的作家。
（3）主語+及物動詞+賓語+不定式Mr. Li encuraged me t study hard. 李老師鼓勵我努力學(xué)習(xí)。
（4）主語+及物動詞+疑問代詞/疑問副詞+不定式I dn't knw where t g. 我不知道要去哪里。
（5）主語+及物動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語He wanted t buy himself a new pair f shes. 他想給自己買雙新鞋。
2.不及物動詞 不及物動詞本身意義完整，無須接賓語，構(gòu)成"主語+謂語"的句型，若要跟賓語，其后必須加上相應(yīng)的介詞，構(gòu)成"主語+謂語+介詞+賓語"的句型。如：We shuld listen t the teacher carefully. 我們應(yīng)該認真聽老師講課。【注意】有些動詞既可作及物動詞又可作不及物動詞，如：begin, learn, read, imprve, study等。
延續(xù)性動詞&非延續(xù)性動詞（1）延續(xù)性動詞也叫持續(xù)性動詞，表示動作是可以持續(xù)的，可以與表示一段時間的狀語連用。如：wrk, live, keep, study, sleep, rain, lie, knw, read等。Yu can keep the dictinary fr three weeks. 這本字典你可以借三周。（2）非延續(xù)性動詞也叫短暫性動詞，表示瞬間動作，一般不和表示一段時間的狀語連用。如：cme, g, begin, clse, die, brrw, stp, leave等。He left his hmetwn ten years ag. 十年前他離開了家鄉(xiāng)。
系動詞本身有詞義，但不能單獨作謂語，其后必須接表語，構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)，說明主語的狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)、特征或身份。具體分類如下：
英語中的助動詞有be （am, is, are, was, were）, d （des, did）, have （has, had）, shall, will, shuld, wuld等。助動詞本身沒有意義或意義不完整，不可單獨作謂語，只能和它后面的動詞一起構(gòu)成謂語，以表示時態(tài)、語態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)，還可構(gòu)成否定、疑問或強調(diào)的句型。
情態(tài)動詞本身有一定的含義，表示說話人的情感和態(tài)度，不可單獨作謂語，必須和其他動詞連用構(gòu)成謂語。
情態(tài)動詞的特點：（1）其后接動詞原形；（2）無人稱和數(shù)的變化（have t除外，主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時用has t）；（3）具有助動詞的作用，可構(gòu)成否定句、疑問句及用于簡略答語。
1.can和culd的用法
2.may和might的用法
3.must, have t和need的用法
4.shuld和had better的用法
5.shall, will和wuld的用法
6.can't和mustn't的用法
（1）由"Must I..."引出的一般疑問句，肯定回答用"Yes, yu must."；否定回答用"N, yu needn't/dn't have t."。如：—Must I finish the reprt tnight?我必須今晚完成這篇報告嗎？—N, yu needn't/dn't have t. Yu can bring it next Mnday.不，你不必。下周一帶來就行。
（2）由"May I..."引出的一般疑問句，肯定回答用"Yes, yu may."或"Yes, please./Certainly./..."；否定回答用"N, yu can't/mustn't."或"I'm afraid nt..."。如：—May I take phts here?我能在這里拍照嗎？—N, yu can't/mustn't. Lk at the sign there.不，你不可以拍照。看下那邊的標牌。
1.—Kelly, this is Steve.—Yes, I knw. We've already ___ urselves.
A.fferedB.turnedC.intrducedD.learned
2.Dn't simply ___ the crwd. Being yurself is the best rule.
A.satisfyB.changeC.fllwD.cntrl
3.—Dinner is ready. Help yurself, please.—Ww! The sup and the meat ___ really great.
A.tasteB.sundC.turnD.get
4.[2017安徽中考] —Mum, I've signed fr the bx. What's in it?—I'm nt sure. It ___ be a present frm yur uncle.
A.needB.mustC.mayD.will
5.—I'm crazy abut Chinese culture and I've travelled t China many times.—N wnder that yu ___ speak Chinese s well.
A.mustB.needC.shuldD.can
6.[2023黃山一模] It is a gd habit t___ all yur things in crrect places.
A.put awayB.put upC.put utD.put ff
7.[2023泰州中考] Mst neighburs ___ the habit f square dancing t create a quieter envirnment fr us.
A.get intB.care abutC.carry nD.give up
8.[2023自貢中考改編] —Ms. White, I am sad that I didn't pass the test.—Keep trying. Success ___ hard wrk.
A.depends nB.gives awayC.leads tD.picks up
1.I knew that by wasn't Jim. Jim never w____（佩戴） glasses befre.
2.Smiling is the best way t f____ （面對） every prblem.
3.These grapes were p______（摘） frm the garden just nw.
4.On the tp f the muntain can yu see the sun r_________（上升） clearly.
5.Mary has _______（提出） sme useful advice abut this prject.
閱讀短文，從方框中選擇適當?shù)脑~填空，使短文通順、意思完整。每空限填一詞，每詞限用一次。
Last March I lst the camera that my parents bught fr me. I 1._____ it n the bus. I called the bus cmpany t check if they 2.______ find it, but it wasn't there.
I was really sad. Then I 3.________ t get a new ne by myself. I started 4._________ f ways t make and save mney. My parents usually
give me ￡8 every week, s the first thing I 5._____ was t keep the mney in my piggy bank.
I als ffered t 6._____ my uncle lk after his dg when he was away. After sme time, my uncle's neighbrs saw me. They 7._______ me if I culd help with their cats and dgs, t. And I said yes.
In less than three mnths I had enugh mney t 8._____ a new camera. It was the same as the ne I had lst, but t me it was much nicer. I paid fr it with the mney I made and it 9._____ very different. This experience teaches me what it means t 10.______ hard and I have learned that yu must be careful with the things yu have, because they take a lt f hard wrk.
1.We shuld ften review ur ntes after class t avid ___ the same mistakes.
A.wastingB.gettingC.repeatingD.fixing
2.—Our schl will hld the sprts meeting frm next Thursday t Friday.—Right. Players will ___ in twelve sprts, including table tennis and vlleyball.
A.adviseB.believeC.imagineD.cmpete
3.[2023樂山中考改編] —Hw des the apple juice ___?—Gd. I'd like t have anther glass.
A.tasteB.smellC.lkD.sund
4.The cake ___ s gd that I can't wait t have a bit f it.
A.tastesB.smellsC.sundsD.feels
5.If yu can___ what yu have and d smething t help thers, yu will find yur life is full f pleasure.
A.cuntB.valueC.regretD.fix
6.Nancy was chsen fr "The Mst Beautiful Student" because she is hnest and always ___ her wrd.
A.breaksB.keepsC.supprtsD.frgets
7.The real difference between an excellent persn and a cmmn persn is that the excellent persn can ___ his r her time.
A.describeB.manageC.acceptD.believe
8.—Are yu sure yu are taking me t the bank?—Believe me, this ___ be the wrng rad.
A.needn'tB.shuldn'tC.mustn'tD.can't
9.This ping-png ball ___ be Ted's. He's the nly ne that can play ping-png.
A.needB.mustC.canntD.shuldn't
10.We ___ take a taxi. It's nly a few blcks away.
A.needn'tB.can'tC.mustn'tD.culdn't
11.—Alex, cme dwn t play ftball.—I can't. Mm said I ___ clean my bedrm befre ding anything else.
A.had tB.willC.used tD.can
12.Tny always gives his seat t the ld peple after they ___ the bus r the subway.
A.get nB.put nC.get ffD.put ff
13.Sally, ___ yur sunglasses. The sun is s bright.
A.put upB.put nC.put awayD.put dwn
14.Jessica is s helpful that she always ___ ur cat when we're n hliday.
A.finds utB.hears frmC.lks afterD.puts up
15.Yu'd better ___ the imprtant pints yur teacher said in class and review them carefully after class.
A.write dwnB.lk frC.find utD.cut ut
16.—Last night I called yu twice but culdn't ___.—I was taking a walk with my parents then.
A.g ffB.get thrughC.call backD.cme ver
17.Passengers are required t sit in their seats and wear seat belts（安全帶） t keep safe when the plane is ___.
A.pulling tgetherB.running utC.shwing upD.taking ff
18.—Yur dance is excellent！—Thank yu. I ___ dancing while studying in Beijing.
A.picked upB.gt upC.put upD.came ut
1.Jane always c_______（收集）stamps as she thinks each small picture tells us a stry.
2.Gd music can t______（打動） bth yur heart and mine.
3.[2023合肥瑤海區(qū)一模] He's always an active man and always e_______（期待） that things are ging the right way.
4.I feel alive in the garden. It seems the garden has c_________（使連接） me t nature.
5.In spring, we can ften h____（聽到） birds sing.
語篇填空 請根據(jù)首字母、漢語提示及短文內(nèi)容寫出所缺單詞。
I'm an ec-cunsellr（環(huán)保顧問） at my schl. It's a jb I have been ding fr 6 mnths, and it's smething I 1.e______（喜愛） a lt. As an ec-cunsellr, I'm respnsible fr making sure that ur schl des as much as it can fr ur envirnment. There are six ther students wh d the same jb as me. We 2.m______（開會） every tw weeks. And we discuss what we can d t 3.r______（達成） ur gal.
We encurage students t 4.p ________（保護） the envirnment. Fr example, last mnth we made a plan t 5.s_____（阻止） students frm littering. We put up psters arund ur schl. I 6.m______（做） a speech in a schl assembly（全校師生大會）. It has already 7.w________（起作用）, and yu can hardly ever see any rubbish n the flr in the schl.
This mnth we 8.p ______（計劃） t get students t play a rle in recycling. We have nw 9.p _____（放置） different bins fr glass, paper and plastics in every classrm. If we all 10.u_____（使用） the bins, ur schl will be a much better place. Let's try ur best tgether!

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