英 語
注意事項：
1．答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號填寫在答題卡上。
2．回答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號?；卮鸱沁x擇題時，將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無效。
3．考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。
第一部分知識運用（共兩節(jié),滿分30分）
第一節(jié)完形填空（共10小題;每小題1.5分,共15分）
閱讀下面短文, 掌握其大意, 從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中, 選出最佳選項, 并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。
As a child, I was truly afraid f the dark and f getting lst; these fears were very real and caused me sme uncmfrtable mments.
Maybe it was the strange way things lked and sunded in my familiar rm at night that 1 me s much. There was never ttal 2 , but a streetlight r passing car lights made clthes hung ver a chair take n the 3 f a wild animal. Out f the crner f my eye, I saw the curtains seem t mve when there was n wind. A tiny sund in the flr wuld seem a hundred times luder than in the daylight. My 4 wuld run wild, and my heart wuld beat fast. I wuld 5 very still s that the “enemy” wuld nt discver me.
Anther f my childhd fears was that I wuld get lst, 6 n the way hme frm schl. Every mrning I gt n the schl bus right near my hme — that was n prblem. After schl thugh, when all the buses were 7 up alng the street, I was afraid that I’d get n the wrng ne and be taken t sme unfamiliar neighbrhd. On schl r family trips t a park r a museum, I wuldn’t let the leaders ut f my sight.
Perhaps ne f the wrst fears f all I had as a child was that f nt being liked r 8 by thers. Being ppular was s imprtant t me then, and the fear f nt being liked was a 9 ne.
One f the prcesses f grwing up is being able t recgnize and 10 ur fears. Understanding the things that frightened us as children helps us achieve greater success later in life.
1．A．wundedB．destryedC．surprisedD．frightened
2．A．quietnessB．darknessC．emptinessD．lneliness
3．A．spiritB．heightC．bdyD．shape
4．A．beliefB．feelingC．imaginatinD．dubt
5．A．lieB．hideC．restD．wake
6．A．especiallyB．ccasinallyC．prbablyD．cnstantly
7．A．calledB．backedC．linedD．packed
8．A．prtectedB．guidedC．believedD．a(chǎn)ccepted
9．A．strictB．pwerfulC．heavyD．meaningful
10．A．a(chǎn)vidB．celebrateC．vercmeD．cntain
【答案】
1．D 2．B 3．D 4．C 5．A 6．A 7．C 8．D 9．B 10．C
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者小時候所恐懼的一些事情。
1．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：也許是夜晚在我熟悉的房間里，事物奇怪的樣子和聲音讓我如此害怕。A. wunded受傷；B. destryed破壞；C. surprised使驚訝；D. frightened使害怕。根據(jù)第一段“As a child, I was truly afraid f the dark and f getting lst; these fears were very real and caused me sme uncmfrtable mments.(小時候，我真的很怕黑，很怕迷路；這些恐懼是真實存在的，給我?guī)砹艘恍┎皇娣臅r刻)”可知，事物奇怪的樣子和聲音讓作者害怕。故選D。
2．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：從來沒有完全的黑暗，但路燈或過往的汽車燈光使掛在椅子上的衣服呈現(xiàn)出野生動物的形狀。A. quietness安靜；B. darkness黑暗；C. emptiness空；D. lneliness孤獨。根據(jù)后文“but a streetlight r passing car lights”可知，有燈光，說明沒有完全的黑暗。故選B。
3．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：從來沒有完全的黑暗，但路燈或過往的汽車燈光使掛在椅子上的衣服呈現(xiàn)出野生動物的形狀。A. spirit精神；B. height高度；C. bdy身體；D. shape形狀。根據(jù)后文“f a wild animal”可知，路燈或過往的汽車燈光使掛在椅子上的衣服呈現(xiàn)出野生動物的形狀。故選D。
4．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我的想象力會變得瘋狂，我的心會跳得很快。A. belief相信；B. feeling感覺；C. imaginatin想象力；D. dubt懷疑。根據(jù)上文“Out f the crner f my eye, I saw the curtains seem t mve when there was n wind. A tiny sund in the flr wuld seem a hundred times luder than in the daylight.(從眼角余光，我看到窗簾在沒有風(fēng)的時候好像在動。地板上微小的聲音會比白天的聲音大上百倍)”可知，作者在黑暗里會想象一些不存在的東西，故選C。
5．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我會靜靜地躺著，這樣“敵人”就不會發(fā)現(xiàn)我。A. lie撒謊，躺下；B. hide隱藏；C. rest休息；D. wake醒來。根據(jù)后文“very still s that the “enemy” wuld nt discver me”指作者靜靜地躺著。故選A。
6．考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：我童年的另一個恐懼是我會迷路，尤其是在放學(xué)回家的路上。A. especially尤其，特別；B. ccasinally偶爾；C. prbably可能；D. cnstantly不斷地。根據(jù)后文“n the way hme frm schl”指作者尤其在回家的路上會迷路。故選A。
7．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：但放學(xué)后，當(dāng)所有的公共汽車都在街上排隊時，我擔(dān)心自己會坐錯車，被帶到一個不熟悉的社區(qū)。A. called打電話；B. backed支持；C. lined排隊；D. packed打包。根據(jù)后文“up alng the street”指所有的公共汽車都在街上排隊，line up表示“排隊”。故選C。
8．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：也許我小時候最害怕的事情之一就是不被別人喜歡或接受。A. prtected保護；B. guided指導(dǎo)；C. believed相信；D. accepted接受。根據(jù)上文“f nt being liked r”可知，作者害怕不被喜歡或接受。故選D。
9．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：那時，受歡迎對我來說非常重要，而不被喜歡的恐懼是一種強大的恐懼。A. strict嚴(yán)格的；B. pwerful強大的；C. heavy沉重的；D. meaningful有意義的。根據(jù)上文“Being ppular was s imprtant t me then”可知，作者渴望被人喜歡，受歡迎很重要，因此不被喜歡的恐懼是一種強大的恐懼。故選B。
10．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：成長的過程之一就是能夠認(rèn)識并克服我們的恐懼。A. avid避免；B. celebrate慶祝；C. vercme克服；D. cntain包含。根據(jù)后文“Understanding the things that frightened us as children helps us achieve greater success later in life.(了解小時候讓我們害怕的事情有助于我們在以后的生活中取得更大的成功)”可知，這里指認(rèn)識和克服恐懼。故選C。
第二節(jié)語法填空（共10小題;每小題1.5分,共15分）
A
閱讀下面短文，在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。
The passengers n the bus watched with sympathy as Susan made her way carefully up the steps. She paid the driver and then, using her hands t feel the seats, 11 (settle) in ne f them. It had been years since Susan became blind. As the result f an accident, she 12 (thrw) int a wrld f darkness. Susan’s husband Mark watched her sink int despair and he was determined t use every pssible means t help her wife. Mark vlunteered 13 (ride) the bus with Susan each mrning and evening until she culd manage it by herself.
【答案】11．settled 12．was thrwn 13．t ride
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文，講述了Susan因一次事故導(dǎo)致雙目失明，她的丈夫 Mark 幫助她適應(yīng)黑暗的日常生活。
11．考查動詞時態(tài)。句意：她付錢給司機，然后用手摸了摸座位，坐在其中一個座位上。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，and連接paid和settle兩個動作。根據(jù)語境此處描述過去發(fā)生的事情，用一般過去時，故填settled。
12．考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：由于一次事故，她陷入了黑暗的世界。thrw neself int意為“使某人陷入……之中”。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，thrw和she(herself)是動賓關(guān)系，要用被動語態(tài)。由于講述的是發(fā)生事故后的事情，所以要用一般過去時，且主語是第三人稱單數(shù)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。故填was thrwn。
13．考查不定式做賓語。句意：馬克每天早晚自愿和蘇珊一起乘公共汽車，直到她自己能應(yīng)付為止。vlunteer 之后要用不定式做賓語。故填t ride。
B
閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空，在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。
The African penguin is expected t g extinct in the wild in just ver a decade, given its current ppulatin decline. The main reasn is a lack f fd caused by disturbance t cean cnditins frm glbal heating and 14 (cmpete) frm the cmmercial fishing industry. Accrding t a study, recently scientists 15 (identify) a pssible additinal cause, ne that is an entirely new threat and that further 16 (prevent) the penguins frm finding fd: nise pllutin frm marine ships in a bay.
【答案】14．cmpetitin 15．have identified 16．prevents
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章分析了非洲企鵝數(shù)量的下降的原因。
14．考查名詞。句意：主要原因是全球變暖對海洋環(huán)境的干擾和商業(yè)捕魚業(yè)的競爭造成了食物短缺。分析句子可知，提示詞與名詞disturbance是并列關(guān)系，作介詞賓語，用名詞cmpetitin，意為“競爭”。故填cmpetitin。
15．考查動詞時態(tài)語態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：根據(jù)一項研究，最近科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個可能的額外原因，這是一個全新的威脅，進一步阻止企鵝尋找食物：海灣中船舶的噪音污染。分析句子可知，identify(發(fā)現(xiàn))是句中謂語動詞，與主語scientists之間是主動關(guān)系，句中有時間狀語recently，應(yīng)使用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)，又因主語是復(fù)數(shù)名詞，所以謂語動詞也應(yīng)使用復(fù)數(shù)形式。綜上，謂語應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時主動語態(tài)，復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填have identified。
16．考查動詞時態(tài)語態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：根據(jù)一項研究，最近科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個可能的額外原因，這是一個全新的威脅，進一步阻止企鵝尋找食物：海灣中船舶的噪音污染。分析句子可知，prevent(阻止)是定語從句中謂語動詞，與關(guān)系代詞that(即先行詞ne)之間是主動關(guān)系，陳述客觀事實，用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)，又因主語是單數(shù)代詞，所以謂語動詞也應(yīng)使用單數(shù)形式。綜上，謂語應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時主動語態(tài)，單數(shù)形式。故填prevents。
C
閱讀下面短文，在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。
Physical bks have advantages 17 seeing wrds with ne’s wn eyes can help t hld attentin mre tightly. It is als 18 (easy) t find specific parts f the bk again if the mind wanders while reading. Hwever, audibks ffer a different kind f experience, 19 (allw) the listener t becme fully immersed in the stry and engage different parts f the brain. Listening t an audibk has been shwn t develp greater empathy, as listeners hear the emtin 20 (cnvey) by the narratr. Inflectin and intnatin are mre easily understd thrugh hearing rather than reading. The intensity and imagery f the stry can be heightened by listening t an audibk, making the experience even mre enjyable.
【答案】17．because 18．easier 19．a(chǎn)llwing 20．cnveyed
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了實體書和有聲書各自的優(yōu)勢。
17．考查原因狀語從句。句意：實體書有其優(yōu)勢，因為用自己的眼睛看到文字可以幫助更牢牢地集中注意力。分析句子意思可知，空后的“用自己的眼睛看到文字可以幫助更牢牢地集中注意力”是空前的“實體書有其優(yōu)勢”的原因，且此處強調(diào)直接原因，空處應(yīng)用從屬連詞because引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句。故填because。
18．考查形容詞比較級。句意：如果在閱讀時走神，也更容易找到書中的具體部分。根據(jù)上下文可知，此處在討論實體書的優(yōu)勢，隱含比較的意思，應(yīng)該是表示“更容易找到書中的具體部分”，空處應(yīng)用easy的比較級形式easier。故填easier。
19．考查非謂語動詞。句意：然而，有聲書提供了一種不同的體驗，讓聽者完全沉浸在故事中，并調(diào)動大腦的不同部分。分析句子可知，空處作句子的伴隨狀語，是非謂語動詞，allw和audibks邏輯上是主動關(guān)系，空處應(yīng)用allw的現(xiàn)在分詞形式allwing。故填allwing。
20．考查非謂語動詞。句意：聽有聲書可以培養(yǎng)更強的同理心，因為聽者聽到了敘述者所傳達的情感。分析句子可知，空處是修飾the emtin的后置定語，是非謂語動詞，cnvey和the emtin邏輯上是被動關(guān)系，空處應(yīng)用cnvey的過去分詞形式cnveyed。故填cnveyed。
第二部分 閱讀理解（共兩節(jié), 38分）
第一節(jié)（共14小題; 每小題2分, 共28分）
閱讀下列短文, 從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中, 選出最佳選項, 并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。
A
Get invlved with ur research
Sme f ur research prjects rely n the genersity f peple like yu. Whether it’s using yur hme PC, taking part in a clinical trial, r simply vlunteering yur time fr a study, yu may be able t cntribute t sme f the grund-breaking prjects which make the University f Oxfrd a wrld leader in research. Watch this space fr ways in which yu culd get invlved.
Seeking pr sleepers fr insmnia (失眠) research
Truble sleeping? Researchers frm the Sleep & Circadian Neurscience Institute are evaluating different interventins aimed at imprving sleep. We are lking fr pr sleepers between the ages f 18 and 65. Participatin will invlve spending vernights in the sleep labratry at Oxfrd, mnitring yur sleep/wake cycle, and cmpleting cmputerised tasks. If yu are interested, please cntact the research team at insmnia@
Vlunteers with lazy eye wanted
We are lking fr vlunteers with a histry f lazy eye t take part in ur brain scanning study. We are lking fr healthy vlunteers aged 18-45 with a histry f lazy eye. Yu will als be asked questins abut yur medical histry t check yur suitability fr an MRI scan. Call 01865 223622 fr mre infrmatin.
Oxfrd Vaccine Grup
The Oxfrd Vaccine Grup is an independent multi-disciplinary (多學(xué)科的) clinical trials grup. OVG wrks twards the gal f develping new and imprved vaccines fr the preventin f infectin in adults and children, enhancing the understanding f immunity and studying the epidemilgy f infectius diseases. T get mre infrmatin, please see the OVG website.
Oxfrd Experimental lab fr the Scial Sciences
The Oxfrd Internet Institute, tgether with the Business Schl, is recruiting individuals t participate in cmputer-based experiments invlving nline surfing behavir as well as ecnmic and plitical decisin-making. We pay ur subjects well, there are n special skills required and yu dn’t have t cme t the lab in persn Cntact us at scialscience.study @ fr mre infrmatin.
21．What is the main purpse f the passage?
A．T ffer medical help t patients.B．T lk fr experienced researchers.
C．T intrduce new research prgrams.D．T recruit vlunteers fr research prjects.
22．The gal f VG is t________.
A．carry ut clinical trialsB．prduce better vaccines
C．learn mre abut infectinD．study the causes f diseases
23．Yu can finish the experiment n yur hme PC if yu jin________.
A．Oxfrd Vaccine GrupB．Insmnia research grup
C．Oxfrd Experimental labD．Brain Scanning study grup
【答案】21．D 22．B 23．C
【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章說明了牛津大學(xué)在招募志愿者，著重介紹了可以志愿參與的四種研究項目。
21．推理判斷題。文章第一部分Get invlved with ur research中提到“Sme f ur research prjects rely n the genersity f peple like yu. Whether it’s using yur hme PC, taking part in a clinical trial, r simply vlunteering yur time fr a study, yu may be able t cntribute t sme f the grund-breaking prjects which make the University f Oxfrd a wrld leader in research. Watch this space fr ways in which yu culd get invlved.”我們的許多研究項目需要像你這樣的志愿人士參與。你可以通過電腦參與，也可以參與臨床試驗，或者只是花一點時間來參與研究，通過這些途徑你都可以為牛津大學(xué)突破性的項目做出自己的貢獻。以下是你可以參與的項目。由此可推斷文章旨在招募志愿者加入研究項目。D項符合文意，故選D項。
22．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。文章Oxfrd Vaccine Grup中提到“OVG wrks twards the gal f develping new and imprved vaccines fr the preventin f infectin in adults and children, enhancing the understanding f immunity and studying the epidemilgy f infectius diseases.”O(jiān)VG的目的在于研發(fā)新的疫苗、改進舊的疫苗。預(yù)防成人和兒童傳染病。增強人們對免疫的了解以及研究傳染病的流行病學(xué)。B項意為“生產(chǎn)更好的疫苗”，符合文意。故選B項。
23．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。文章最后一部分Oxfrd Experimental lab fr the Scial Sciences中提到“We pay ur subjects well, there are n special skills required and yu dn’t have t cme t the lab in persn ”，意為“我們的項目報酬豐厚，不需要特殊的技能，參與者不需要親自來實驗室就可以參加”。所以加入Oxfrd Experimental lab fr the Scial Sciences，在家里的電腦上就可以完成實驗。故選C項。
B
D yu listen t quiet music t help yu wind dwn befre sleep? Hwever, this practice culd be cunter-prductive, accrding t a new study by Michael K. Scullin and clleagues at Baylr University. The wrk, published in Psychlgical Medicine, fund that bedtime music was assciated with mre sleep disruptins and that instrumental music is even wrse than music with lyrics.
In the first study, 199 nline participants living in the US reprted n their sleep quality and music listening frequency and timing, as well as their beliefs abut hw this affected their sleep. Almst all—87%—believed that music imprves sleep, r at least des nt disrupt it. Hwever, the team fund that mre verall time spent listening t music was assciated with prer sleep and daytime sleepiness. Just ver three quarters f the participants als reprted experiencing frequent “earwrms”—having a sng r tune “stuck” and replaying in their minds. A quarter reprted experiencing these during the night at least nce per week, and these peple were six times as likely t reprt pr sleep quality. The team’s analysis suggested that listening specifically t instrumental music near bedtime was linked t mre sleep-related earwrms and prer sleep quality.
The team then ran an experimental study n 48 yung adults. After arriving at the sleep lab at 8:45 p. m., participants went t a quiet bedrm, where they cmpleted questinnaires that included measures f stress, sleep quality and daytime sleepiness. They als had electrdes applied, ready fr the night-time plysmngraphy t recrd their brain wave activity, as well as heart rate and breathing, and reprted n hw relaxed, nervus, energetic, sleepy and stressed they felt. At 10:00 p. m., they were given sme “dwntime”, with quiet music playing. Half were randmized t hear three sngs while the ther half heard instrumental-nly versins f these same sngs.
Participants reprted decreases in stress and nervusness and increased relaxatin after listening t either set f sngs, and als shwed decreases in bld pressure. S-as earlier studies have als suggested- quiet music at bedtime was indeed relaxing at the time. Hwever, a quarter f the participants wke frm sleep with an earwrm, and the plysmngraphy data shwed that instrumental versins f the sngs were mre likely t induce these awakenings as well as ther sleep disruptins, such as shifts frm deeper sleep t lighter sleep. Taken tgether, the findings represent “causal evidence fr bedtime instrumental music affecting sleep quality via triggering earwrms” the team writes.
Why instrumental-nly sngs shuld have a bigger impact than music with lyrics isn’t clear. The three sngs used in this study were chsen because they were likely t be familiar. Hearing them withut the lyrics might have prmpted the participant’s brains t try t add the wrds, which might have made earwrms mre likely. If this is the case, all instrumental music may nt have the same effect. Hwever, the data frm the first study is cnsistent with the idea that instrumental music generally is mre f a prblem.
24．Accrding t the passage, the participants in bth studies______.
A．were required t listen t light musicB．felt their sleeping prblems reslved
C．had their sleeping quality mnitredD．prvided feedback n bedtime music
25．What des the underlined wrd “induce” in Paragraph 4 prbably mean?
A．Lead t.B．Impact n.C．Break in.D．Fcus n.
26．What can we learn frm the passage?
A．Earwrms are mainly caused by music with lyrics.
B．Bedtime music leads t high bld pressure and anxiety.
C．Quiet music imprves sleeping quality while lud music harms sleep.
D．Bth familiar and unfamiliar instrumental music can cause sleeping prblems.
27．The passage is mainly abut______.
A．hw instrumental music disturbs sleep
B．the pssible negative effect f bedtime music
C．hw peple can imprve their sleep quality
D．differences between music with and withut lyrics
【答案】24．D 25．A 26．D 27．B
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了一項最新研究表明：睡前音樂會導(dǎo)致更多的睡眠中斷，樂器音樂甚至比有歌詞的音樂更糟糕。
24．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。文章第二段講到“A quarter reprted experiencing these during the night at least nce per week, and these peple were six times as likely t reprt pr sleep quality. (四分之一的人報告說，他們每周至少在夜間經(jīng)歷一次這種情況，而這些人報告睡眠質(zhì)量差的可能性是其他人的六倍。)”以及第四段講到“Participants reprted decreases in stress and nervusness and increased relaxatin after listening t either set f sngs, and als shwed decreases in bld pressure. (參與者報告說，聽了這兩首歌后，壓力和緊張情緒減輕，放松感增強，血壓也有所下降。)”可知，根據(jù)文章，兩項研究的參與者都提供睡前音樂反饋。故選D。
25．詞義猜測題。文章第四段講到“Hwever, a quarter f the participants wke frm sleep with an earwrm, and the plysmngraphy data shwed that instrumental versins f the sngs were mre likely t induce these awakenings as well as ther sleep disruptins, such as shifts frm deeper sleep t lighter sleep. (然而，四分之一的參與者從睡夢中醒來時患上了耳蟲，多導(dǎo)睡眠圖數(shù)據(jù)顯示，這些歌曲的器樂版本更有可能引發(fā)這些覺醒以及其他睡眠中斷，例如從深度睡眠轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)檩p度睡眠。)”可知，第4段中帶下劃線的單詞“induce”可能的意思是“導(dǎo)致”。故選A。
26．推理判斷題。文章最后一段講到“If this is the case, all instrumental music may nt have the same effect. Hwever, the data frm the first study is cnsistent with the idea that instrumental music generally is mre f a prblem. (如果是這樣的話，所有的器樂可能都不會有相同的效果。然而，第一項研究的數(shù)據(jù)與器樂通常更成問題的觀點一致。)”可知，從這篇文章推斷出熟悉和不熟悉的器樂都會導(dǎo)致睡眠問題。故選D。
27．主旨大意題。本文介紹了一項最新研究表明：睡前音樂會導(dǎo)致更多的睡眠中斷，樂器音樂甚至比有歌詞的音樂更糟糕。尤其文章第一段講到“The wrk, published in Psychlgical Medicine,fund that bedtime music was assciated with mre sleep disruptins and that instrumental music is even wrse than music with lyrics. (這項發(fā)表在《心理醫(yī)學(xué)》上的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，睡前音樂與更多的睡眠中斷有關(guān)，器樂甚至比有歌詞的音樂更糟糕。)”可知，這篇文章主要是關(guān)于睡前音樂可能帶來的負(fù)面影響。故選B。
C
The wrld’s ceans will likely lse abut ne-sixth f their fish and ther creatures within 100 years if climate change cntinues n its current path. Every degree Celsius that the wrld’s ceans warm, their bimass is expected t drp five percent, a study fund.
The study predicts that if there is n change in the rate f wrldwide greenhuse gas prductin, there will be a 17-percent lss f bimass by the year 2100. But, if the wrld reduces carbn pllutin, bimass lsses culd be limited t nly abut 5 percent.
Warming temperatures are the biggest issue. But climate change als prduces ceans that are mre acidic and have less xygen. This als harms sea life. Much f the wrld depends n the ceans fr fd r wrk.
The findings make sense and the pssible effects f the predicted lsses f animal life are huge. “Climate change has the ptential t cause serius new cnflicts ver cean resurce use as the human ppulatin cntinues t grw,” said scientists.
Marine bilgist Bris Wrm, wh helped run the study, added that the “building blcks f marine life—planktn and bacteria—may decline less heavily.”
“Thse marine animals that we use directly, and care abut mst deeply, are predicted t suffer the mst,” said Wrm. He wrks at Canada’s Dalhusie University.
Scientists had already believed climate change wuld likely reduce future cean life. But past cmputer-based studies lked at nly part f the picture r used nly ne mdel. The latest study used six different cmputer mdels t give the best picture lk yet, William Cheung said.
University f Gergia marine bilgist Samantha Jye was nt part f the research. But she praised the study as well researched and extremely detailed, and called it “an urgent call fr actin”.
28．What des the underlined wrd “bimass” in paragraph 1 refer t?
A．Ocean temperature.B．Ttal marine life.
C．Sea cnditin.D．Ocean level.
29．Why d scientists think that climate change might cause cnflicts?
A．It may reduce the sea resurce.B．It leads t the extinctin f marine life.
C．It pllutes the envirnment f the cean.D．It may increase the wrld ppulatin.
30．Which sea animals will be harmed the wrst by sea warming?
A．The largest nes.B．The nes in deep ceans.
C．The bacteria n sea surface.D．Thse we humans need mst.
【答案】28．B 29．A 30．D
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了如果氣候變化持續(xù)升溫，世界的海洋中的魚類和其他生物可能會在未來100年內(nèi)損失約六分之一。同時文章介紹了氣候變化對海洋以及人類產(chǎn)生的其他影響。
28．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞前面的句子“The wrld’s ceans will likely lse abut ne-sixth f their fish and ther creatures within 100 years if climate change cntinues n its current path. (如果氣候繼續(xù)以目前的方式變化，世界海洋可能會在100年內(nèi)失去大約六分之一的魚類和其他生物。)”以及“Every degree Celsius that the wrld’s ceans warm(全球海洋溫度每升高一度)”以及劃線詞后面的內(nèi)容“is expected t drp five percent(預(yù)計會下降5%)”可知，此處指出隨著氣候變化的影響，世界海洋中的魚類和其他生物會失去大約六分之一；由此可知，全球海洋溫度每升高一度，海洋中的生物總數(shù)預(yù)計會下降5%。因此劃線詞與B選項“Ttal marine life.( 海洋生物總數(shù)。)”為同義詞。故選B。
29．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“The findings make sense and the pssible effects f the predicted lsses f animal life are huge.“Climate change has the ptential t cause serius new cnflicts ver cean resurce use as the human ppulatin cntinues t grw,” said scientists.(這些發(fā)現(xiàn)是有道理的，預(yù)測的動物生命損失可能產(chǎn)生巨大影響?？茖W(xué)家們說：“隨著人口的持續(xù)增長，氣候變化有可能在海洋資源利用方面引發(fā)新的嚴(yán)重沖突。”)”可知，隨著人口增長，氣候變化可能會導(dǎo)致人類在海洋資源利用方面引發(fā)新的嚴(yán)重沖突，的原因是氣候變化使得海洋動物生命周期變短，即資源不斷減少。故選A。
30．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段““Thse marine animals that we use directly, and care abut mst deeply, are predicted t suffer the mst,” said Wrm. He wrks at Canada’s Dalhusie University.(沃姆說：“那些我們直接使用、最關(guān)心的海洋動物預(yù)計將遭受最大的損失?！彼诩幽么筮_爾豪斯大學(xué)工作)”可知，那些人類直接使用、最關(guān)心的海洋動物預(yù)計將遭受最大的損失，即人類最需要的海洋動物將遭受最大的傷害。故選D。
D
When we think abut lives filled with meaning, we ften fcus n peple whse grand cntributins benefited humanity. Abraham Lincln,Martin Luther King and Nelsn Mandela surely felt they had a wrthwhile life. But hw abut us rdinary peple,struggling in a typical existence?
There is an imprtant element t cnsider. Think abut the first butterfly yu stp t admire after a lng winter r imagine the scenery at the tp f a hill after a fresh hike. Smetimes existence delivers us small mments f beauty. When peple are pen t appreciating such experiences, these mments may enhance hw they view their life. This element is defined as EA (experiential appreciatin) by Jshua Hicks, a psychlgical prfessr at Texas A &M University.
Recently, he and his research team set ut t figure ut whether EA was related t a persn’s sense f meaning in a series f studies that invlved mre than 3,000 participants. At an initial test, researchers had participants rate their agreement f different cping strategies t relieve their stress. They fund peple wh managed stress by fcusing n their appreciatin fr life’s beauty als reprted experiencing life as highly meaningful.
Researchers then cnducted a series f experiments, in which they gave participants specific tasks and, nce mre, asked them t reprt hw strngly they identified with statements linked t purpse, etc. In ne case, participants wh watched an awe-inspiring vide reprted having a greater sense f EA and meaning in life, cmpared with thse wh watched mre neutral vides. After reflecting n the results cllected frm the participants, researchers cnfirmed their riginal thery.
But applying that insight can be difficult.Our mdern, fast-paced, prject-riented lifestyles fill the day with targets and gals. We are n the g, and we attempt t maximize utput bth at wrk and at leisure.
This fcus n future utcmes makes it all t easy t miss what is happening right nw. Yet life happens in the present mment. We shuld slw dwn, let life surprise us and embrace the significance in the everyday life.
31．Why are the butterfly and the scenery n a hill mentined in paragraph 2?
A．T intrduce a cncept.
B．T attract readers’ interest.
C．T demnstrate the beauty f nature.
D．T shw the necessity f prtecting nature.
32．Hw did the researchers cnduct the study?
A．By designing different strategies t reduce stress
B．By studying previus research data.
C．By shting vides starring the participants.
D．By analyzing the respnse frm the participants.
33．Wh tends t find life mre meaningful accrding t the text?
A．A persn wh always gets her life well-rganized.
B．A persn wh ften hears mtivating speeches.
C．A persn wh leads a fast-paced life
D．A persn wh always expects future results.
34．What life philsphy des the authr shw in the last paragraph?
A．N pains, n gains.
B．Thse wh believe in their ability can d anything.
C．Live yur life ne day at a time.
D．Being n sea, sail; being n land, settle.
【答案】31．A 32．D 33．B 34．C
【導(dǎo)語】本文為一篇說明文。研究表明，能欣賞生活中的美麗的人更能發(fā)現(xiàn)生活的意義，而我們現(xiàn)代、快節(jié)奏、以項目為導(dǎo)向的生活方式讓我們忽略當(dāng)下正在發(fā)生的事情，因此，我們應(yīng)當(dāng)活在當(dāng)下。
31．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段提出問題“普通人的生命對比有偉大貢獻的人是否有意義？”及第二段“Think abut the first butterfly yu stp t admire after a lng winter r imagine the scenery at the tp f a hill after a fresh hike. Smetimes existence delivers us small mments f beauty. When peple are pen t appreciating such experiences, these mments may enhance hw they view their life. This element is defined as EA(experiential appreciatin)by Jshua Hicks, a psychlgical prfessr at Texas A &M University.(想想你在漫長的冬天后停下來欣賞的第一只蝴蝶，或者想象一次徒步旅行后山頂上的風(fēng)景。有時候，生活帶給我們美好的瞬間。當(dāng)人們樂于欣賞這樣的經(jīng)歷時，這些時刻可能會增強他們對生活的看法。這個元素被德克薩斯農(nóng)工大學(xué)的心理學(xué)教授Jshua Hicks定義為EA（體驗性欣賞）)”可知，文章第二段通過引出在山上欣賞美麗的蝴蝶和美景的例子來引入一個概念——體驗性欣賞。故選A。
32．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“At an initial test, researchers had participants rate their agreement f different cping strategies t relieve their stress.(在最初的測試中，研究人員讓參與者評估他們對緩解壓力的不同應(yīng)對策略的認(rèn)同程度)”和第四段中“Researchers then cnducted a series f experiments,in which they gave participants specific tasks and, nce mre, asked them t reprt hw strngly they identified with statements linked t purpse, etc.(研究人員隨后進行了一系列實驗，在實驗中，他們給參與者特定的任務(wù)，并再次要求他們報告他們對與目的相關(guān)的陳述的認(rèn)同程度，等等)”以及“After reflecting n the results cllected frm the participants, researchers cnfirmed their riginal thery.(在反思了從參與者那里收集到的結(jié)果后，研究人員證實了他們最初的理論)”可知，研究者通過分析參與者的不同反應(yīng)來進行研究。故選D。
33．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第三段“In ne case, participants wh watched an awe-inspiring vide reprted having a greater sense f EA and meaning in life, cmpared with thse wh watched mre neutral vides.(在一個案例中，觀看了令人敬畏的視頻的參與者報告說，與觀看更多中性視頻的參與者相比，他們對EA和生活意義的感覺更強)”可推知，經(jīng)常聽鼓舞人心的演講的人更能找到生活的意義。故選B。
34．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“This fcus n future utcmes makes it all t easy t miss what is happening right nw. Yet life happens in the present mment. We shuld slw dwn, let life surprise us and embrace the significance in the everyday life.(這種對未來結(jié)果的關(guān)注使得我們很容易忽略當(dāng)下正在發(fā)生的事情。然而，生活就發(fā)生在當(dāng)下。我們應(yīng)該慢下來，讓生活給我們驚喜，擁抱日常生活中的意義)”可知，作者在最后一段告訴我們，應(yīng)該生活在當(dāng)下。故選C。
第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分，共10分)
根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。選項中有兩項為多余選項。
Art is all arund us. It can be fund everywhere, including fancy galleries, peple’s living rms, and n the sides f buildings. S, why is art imprtant?
It prmtes expressin and creativity. As humans, we’re naturally drawn t art as a frm f expressin and cmmunicatin. 35 It’s a way fr them t express themselves befre they’re able t speak. In fact, participatin in the arts may even assist kids with language, mtr skills, and visual learning develpment.
36 . When smene applies fr a jb, there are certain skills they need t have like data analysis r bkkeeping. Hwever, many emplyers als understand the very imprtant need fr the skills which are hard t measure and ften difficult t define. Sme examples include a persn’s ability t adapt t change, think creatively, r cllabrate with team members.
It prvides histrical cntext. 37 . This is why peple dedicate their lives t studying cave art, Shakespearean plays, and s much mre. When we take the time t dive int art created in the past, we can learn abut ther generatins and eras. We can study art t find ut what thse befre us were facing and hw they vercame it. 38 .
In therapy (療法) settings, art als prvides an pprtunity fr digging deeper and expressing emtins that are difficult t discuss. 39 . In ne imprtant study, children between 6 and 12 were asked t draw a huse as a distractin after thinking abut smething upsetting. This grup was able t imprve their md when cmpared with children wh were instructed t draw the negative event r simply cpy anther drawing.
A．It helps all f us develp necessary sft skills.
B．These are its majr benefits.
C．It can help peple handle mental prblems.
D．Art and human histry g hand-in-hand.
E．Similarly, future generatins will learn abut current events by the art we leave behind.
F．Hw des it have an impact n ur life?
G．Children lve t draw, sing and dance.
【答案】35．G 36．A 37．D 38．E 39．C
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文。文章主要分析了藝術(shù)重要的原因。
35．根據(jù)下文“It’s a way fr them t express themselves befre they’re able t speak.”（這是他們在會說話之前表達自己的一種方式。）和“In fact, participatin in the arts may even assist kids with language, mtr skills, and visual learning develpment.”（事實上，參與藝術(shù)活動甚至可以幫助孩子提高語言、運動技能和視覺學(xué)習(xí)能力。）可知，下一句中的“them”和“they”指的是“孩子”，選項G. Children lve t draw, sing, and dance.（孩子們喜歡畫畫、唱歌和跳舞。）與下文句意相連，“them”和“they”指代G中的“Chidren”，“It”指代G中提到的“draw, sing and dance”，銜接合理。故選G。
36．空處為該段的主題句，分析了藝術(shù)重要的原因之一。根據(jù)下文“Hwever, many emplyers als understand the very imprtant need fr the skills which are hard t measure and ften difficult t define. Sme examples include a persn’s ability t adapt t change, think creatively, r cllabrate with team members.”（然而，許多雇主也明白對那些難以衡量和定義的技能的重要需求，一些例子包括一個人適應(yīng)變化、創(chuàng)造性思考或與團隊成員合作的能力。）可知，該段主要表達了很多工作都需要員工具有一定的軟技能，選項A. It helps all f us develp necessary sft skills.（它幫助我們所有人發(fā)展必要的軟技能。）指出了藝術(shù)可以幫助人們發(fā)展必要的軟技能，這是藝術(shù)重要的原因之一，符合本段主題。故選A。
37．根據(jù)上一句“It prvides histrical cntext.”（它提供了歷史背景。）和下一句“This is why peple dedicate their lives t studying cave art, Shakespearean plays, and s much mre.”（這就是為什么人們畢生致力于研究洞穴藝術(shù)，莎士比亞戲劇，以及更多的東西。）可知，藝術(shù)具有歷史背景，通過研究藝術(shù)，可以發(fā)掘更多的歷史知識，可見藝術(shù)和歷史是戚戚相關(guān)的。選項D. Art and human histry g hand-in-hand.（藝術(shù)和人類歷史是密不可分的。）表達了這層含義，下一句中的“This”指的就是選項D所表達的內(nèi)容，語意銜接合理，符合語境。故選D。
38．根據(jù)上一句“We can study art t find ut what thse befre us were facing and hw they vercame it.”（我們可以通過學(xué)習(xí)藝術(shù)來了解前人所面臨的問題，以及他們是如何克服的。），選項E. Similarly, future generatins will learn abut current events by the art we leave behind.（同樣，子孫后代將通過我們留下的藝術(shù)來了解當(dāng)前的事件。）進一步解釋說明了“It prvides histrical cntext.”（藝術(shù)可以提供歷史背景。）這一段落主旨，我們可以通過藝術(shù)了解前人，同樣我們的后代也可以通過藝術(shù)了解我們，語意銜接合理，符合主題。故選E。
39．根據(jù)上一句“In therapy (療法) settings, art als prvides an pprtunity fr digging deeper and expressing emtins that are difficult t discuss.”（在治療環(huán)境中，藝術(shù)也提供了一個深入挖掘和表達難以討論的情感的機會。）和下文“This grup was able t imprve their md when cmpared with children wh were instructed t draw the negative event r simply cpy anther drawing.”（與那些被指導(dǎo)畫消極事件或只是復(fù)制另一幅畫的孩子相比，這組孩子的情緒得到了改善。）可知，藝術(shù)能夠幫助孩子們挖掘和表達情感，并改善情緒，選項C. It can help peple handle mental prblems.（它可以幫助人們解決心理問題。）表達了這層含義，也是該段的主題句。故選C。
第三部分 書面表達(共兩節(jié)，32分)
第一節(jié)(共4小題;第40、41題各2分，第42題3分，第43題5分，共12分)
閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問題。
Habit frmatin is the prcess by which behaviurs becme autmatic. Peple develp cuntless habits as they explre the wrld, whether they are aware f them r nt. Understanding hw habits take shape may be helpful in changing bad habits.
Habits are built thrugh learning and repetitin. A persn is thught t develp a habit in the curse f pursuing gals by beginning t assciate certain cues(刺激) with behaviural respnses that help meet the gal. Over time, thughts f the behaviur and ultimately the behaviur itself are likely t be triggered(觸發(fā)) by these cues.
A “habit lp(環(huán))” is a way f describing several related elements that prduce habits. These elements are called the cue, the rutine, and the reward. Fr example, stress culd serve as a cue that ne respnds t by eating, which prduces the reward﹣the reductin f stress. While a rutine invlves repeated behaviur, it’s nt necessarily perfrmed in respnse t a deep﹣rted urge, as a habit is.
Old habits can be difficult t shake, and healthy habits are ften harder t develp. But thrugh repetitin, it’s pssible t frm new habits. The amunt f time needed t build a habit will depend n multiple factrs, including the individual and the intended behaviur. While yu are able t pickup a new habit in a few weeks, it takes many mnths t build a healthy habit. Take sme time t think abut what leads t bad habits and re﹣evaluate what yu get ut f them (r dn’t). Cnsider and keep in mind why yu want t make a change, including hw the change reflects yur values.
40．Hw are habits built?

41．In what way is a rutine different frm a habit?

42．Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
Picking up a new habit takes a few week, while building a healthy habit takes a shrter time.

43．What benefit(s) have yu gt frm ne f yur gd habits?(In abut 40 wrds)

【答案】40．Habits are built thrugh learning and repetitin. 41．A rutine invlves repeated behaviur while a habit is a deep﹣rted urge. 42．Picking up a new habit takes a few week, while building a healthy habit takes a shrter time. Because building a healthy habit takes many mnths. 43．I have a gd habit f ging t bed early and getting up early. Therefre, I can study energetically every mrning, which makes me study efficiently. Als, I am very healthy.
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。習(xí)慣的形成是行為自動形成的過程。人們在探索世界的過程中養(yǎng)成了無數(shù)的習(xí)慣，不管他們是否意識到這些習(xí)慣。文章主要說明了習(xí)慣是如何形成的以及對人的影響。
40．考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中“Habits are built thrugh learning and repetitin.(習(xí)慣是通過學(xué)習(xí)和重復(fù)建立起來的)”可知，習(xí)慣是通過學(xué)習(xí)和重復(fù)建立起來的。故填Habits are built thrugh learning and repetitin.。
41．考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中“While a rutine invlves repeated behaviur, it’s nt necessarily perfrmed in respnse t a deep﹣rted urge, as a habit is.(雖然一個常規(guī)包括重復(fù)的行為，但它不一定是為了應(yīng)對深度﹣根深蒂固的沖動，就像習(xí)慣一樣)”可知，常規(guī)不同于習(xí)慣在于：常規(guī)是重復(fù)的行為，而習(xí)慣是深度﹣根深蒂固的沖動，故填A(yù) rutine invlves repeated behaviur while a habit is a deep﹣rted urge.。
42．考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段中“While yu are able t pickup a new habit in a few weeks, it takes many mnths t build a healthy habit.(雖然你可以在幾周內(nèi)養(yǎng)成一個新的習(xí)慣，但是要養(yǎng)成一個健康的習(xí)慣卻需要好幾個月的時間)”可知，養(yǎng)成一個新的習(xí)慣需要好幾周，而要養(yǎng)成一個健康的習(xí)慣卻需要好幾個月的時間。所以句子“Picking up a new habit takes a few week, while building a healthy habit takes a shrter time.”中“a shrter time”錯誤，應(yīng)該為many mnths，故填Picking up a new habit takes a few week, while building a healthy habit takes a shrter time. Because building a healthy habit takes many mnths.。
43．開放試題，言之有理即可。題干問“你的一個好習(xí)慣給你帶來了什么好處？（大約40個字）”，答案可以是：我有早睡早起的好習(xí)慣。因此，我可以每天早上精力充沛地學(xué)習(xí)，這使我學(xué)習(xí)效率高。而且，我很健康。故填I(lǐng) have a gd habit f ging t bed early and getting up early. Therefre, I can study energetically every mrning, which makes me study efficiently. Als, I am very healthy.。
第二節(jié)(20分)
44．假設(shè)你是紅星中學(xué)高三學(xué)生李華。你校組織了主題為“愛閱讀，愛思考”的系列讀書活動。請你用英文給英國筆友Jim 寫一封郵件，向他介紹該活動。內(nèi)容包括：
1. 活動目的及形式;
2. 個人收獲及后續(xù)計劃。
注意：1. 詞數(shù)100左右;
2. 開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計入總詞數(shù)。
Dear Jim,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
Hw are yu ding? I am writing t tell yu abut sme details abut the activity “Lve reading, Lve thinking” rganized by my schl, Red Star High Schl.
The purpse f this activity is t encurage students t develp the habit f reading and t enhance ur critical thinking abilities. The activities include bk sharing sessins, reading cntests, bk reviews, and discussins n varius tpics related t literature.
Persnally, I find this activity very meaningful and inspiring. I have fund that it has bradened my hrizns, enriched my knwledge and stimulated my interest in reading. After the activity, I plan t cntinue t read widely and t share my insights with my classmates.
I wuld lve t hear yur thughts n this. Lking frward t yur reply.
Best regards,
Yurs,
Li Hua
【導(dǎo)語】本篇書面表達屬于應(yīng)用文。要求考生給英國好友Jim介紹學(xué)校組織的主題為“愛閱讀，愛思考”的系列讀書活動。
【詳解】1.詞匯積累
活動：activity→event
鼓勵：encurage→inspire
提高：enhance→imprve
各種各樣的：varius→a variety f
2.句式拓展
簡單句變復(fù)合句
原句：I am writing t tell yu abut sme details abut the activity “Lve reading, Lve thinking” rganized by my schl, Red Star High Schl.
拓展句：I am writing t tell yu abut sme details abut the activity “Lve reading, Lve thinking” which was rganized by my schl, Red Star High Schl.
【點睛】【高分句型1】I am writing t tell yu abut sme details abut the activity “Lve reading, Lve thinking” rganized by my schl, Red Star High Schl.(運用了過去分詞作后置定語）
【高分句型2】I have fund that it has bradened my hrizns, enriched my knwledge and stimulated my interest in reading.(運用了that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句)

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