一、比喻(Simile)
一種最常見的修辭方法,喻體、本體、比喻詞同時出現(xiàn)的,是將具有某種共同特征的兩種基本上不相同事物連接起來的一種修辭手法。常見比喻詞有l(wèi)ike,as,as…as,as if,as thugh, f,cmpared t及be similar t等。
試比較:
Jenny was very happy. Jenny很開心。
升級:Jenny culdn't resist her inner jy, flying int the dr like a bird. Jenny控制不住內(nèi)心的喜悅,像小鳥一樣飛進了家門。 很明顯,用了比喻升級后,Jenny開心的畫面躍然紙上,非常生動。
格式:本體 + 比喻詞 + 喻體
注意:本體與喻體一般為兩個不同事物 (如屬同類,應(yīng)具不同性質(zhì)或特征),比喻方可成立。如:
① Peter is as tall as his father.
② Peter is as tall as a twer.
上述例句中,例 ① 不算明喻,只是一個比較句,因為Peter及其father同屬人類;例 ② 才是比喻句,因為Peter與twer分屬人與物。
方法一:like
示例:
1. 還沒等警察到來,他像閃電一樣地跑了。
He mved like lightening befre the plice came.
2. 她像是一朵枯萎的花低著頭。
She hung her head like a dying flwer.
3. 我感覺自己像漂浮在悲傷的海洋中。
I feel like I am flating in an cean f sadness.
詞塊積累:
like a duck t water 如魚得水 like a drwned cat 落湯雞
like a cat n ht bricks 熱鍋上的螞蟻 like a rat in a hle 如甕中之鱉
spring up like mushrm 如雨后春筍般出現(xiàn) spend mney like water揮金如土
用法體驗:
1. The smile n her face shne like a diamnd. (情感描寫)
她臉上的笑容像鉆石一樣閃閃發(fā)光。
2. The scenery alng the jurney is just like a breath-taking landscape painting. (景物描寫)
沿路的風(fēng)景就像一幅美麗的山水畫卷。
3. The icy wind started hwling, cutting my face like a sharp knife. (景物描寫)
寒風(fēng)開始咆哮,像鋒利的小刀一樣刺痛了我的臉。
4. 繁星像珊珊發(fā)光的珠寶一樣裝飾了浩瀚的天空。
Clusters f stars decrated the vast sky like sparkling jewels. (景物描寫)
5. 他坐在那里,盯著空白的屏幕,像是一個鬼魂在尋找他的影子。
He sits there staring at the blank screen like a ghst searching fr his reflectin.(動作描寫)
公式:本體 + like + 喻體 + that從句 / 非謂語動詞
示例:
星光熠熠生輝,像好奇的孩子一樣盯著我們。
The stars sparkled vividly, like a curius child glazing at us.
The stars sparkled vividly, like a curius child, that glazed at us.
再如:
a curius child (lking at us with anticipatin) 一個好奇的孩子(期待地看著我們)
naughty children (lking at us with curisity) 頑皮的孩子(好奇地看著我們)
a quiet bserver (verlking us with passin) 安靜的觀察者(熱切地俯瞰著我們)
an ld friend (witnessing ur delight) 一位見證我們快樂的老朋友
用比喻改寫句子:
1. The stars shne in the sky.
--- The bright stars scattered in the sky, like gems twinkling brilliantly.
2. The trees waved.
--- The trees waved wildly in the air, like drunken man trembling frm side t side.
方法二:as … as …
示例:
1. 我們面前的景色美如一幅畫。
The scenery befre us is as beautiful as a picture.
2. 這輛公交車走得像蝸牛一樣慢。
The bus went as slwly as a snail.
3. 聽到這個消息我感到很難過,就像熱鍋上的螞蟻一樣坐立不安。
Hearing the news, I felt s srry, as restless as ants n a ht pan.
詞塊積累:
as busy as a bee 忙忙碌碌 as hungry as a wlf 饑腸轆轆
as prud as a peacck 傲如孔雀 as easy as ABC極其容易
as firm as a rck 堅如磐石 as light as a feather輕如鴻毛
as cl as a cucumber 泰然自若 as sure as a gun千真萬確
as sft as water 柔情似水 as pure as snw 純凈如雪
as clear as crystal 清如水晶 as weak as water 軟弱無力,弱不禁風(fēng)
as unique as a fingerprint 獨一無二 as drunk as a muse 爛醉如泥
用法體驗:
1. 他茫然地看著試卷,頭腦如同筆記本一樣的空白。
He lked at the test with a stare as blank as his ntebk.
2. 我正沿著馬路走著,這時一只大狗突然站在我前面,有大象那么大。
I was walking alng the rad when suddenly this enrmus dg std in frnt f me. It was as big as an elephant.
3. 她臉上的笑容和夏天的太陽一樣充滿活力。
The smile n her face was as vibrant as the sun n a summer day.(情感描寫)
4. 父親沖到兒子的學(xué)校后,才發(fā)現(xiàn)這座建筑已經(jīng)變成一片廢墟。
Father rushed t his sn's schl, nly t discver the building was as flat as pancake. (景物描寫)
5. 我伸手去摸她的臉,發(fā)現(xiàn)她的臉像冰一樣冰冷。
I reached ut t tuch her face, which was as cld as the ice. (人物描寫)
方法三:as if / as thugh
示例:
1. 我的腿動不了了,就好像給固定在地板上似的。
I culdn't mve my legs. It was as if they were stuck t the flr.
2. 瞧他那樣子 好像幾個月沒好好吃過一頓飯似的。
He lks as thugh he hasn't had a square meal fr mnths.
3. 整個這件事我記得很清楚,就仿佛是昨天發(fā)生似的。
I remember the whle thing as if it happened yesterday.
用法體驗:
1. 老師看著我的眼睛,仿佛看到了我靈魂深處封閉的自我。
The teacher lked at my eyes as if she were seeing my inner self lcked away inside.(動作描寫)
2. 她眼睛濕潤,把兒子擁進懷里,仿佛想把他的呼吸擠出來。
She swept her sn int her arms with her eyes wet as if she wanted t squeeze the breath ut f him.(動作描寫)
3. 他的頭發(fā)越來越白了,簡直像蓋了一頭皚皚的霜雪。
Her hair grew greyer and greyer, as if it were cvered with snw and frst.(肖像描寫)
4. 她感覺自己心好像從她的身體里被撕開了。
She felt as if her heart had been ripped frm her bdy.(情感描寫)
5. 地上覆蓋著櫻花,這個國家似乎覆蓋著粉紅色的雪。
The cuntry, cvered with cherry tree flwers, lks as thugh it is cvered with pink snw.(場景描寫)
素材積累:
風(fēng):The icy wind started hwling, like a sharp knife scratching my face.
太陽:The mrning sunlight flded in thrugh the curtain, like pieces f gld dancing n the flr.
樹:Tall trees lined up n bth sides f the street, like sldiers thrwing lng shadws n the grund.
云:The white cluds hang lw in the sky, like pieces f cttn sailing with the wind.
雨:The dreadful rain was puring dwn, like mnsters beating wildly against the windws.
花:The flwers dtted the garden, like spirits dancing gracefully in the air.
綜合體驗:
1. Night fell. The darkness was thin, like sme sleazy dress that has been wrn and wrn fr many winters and always lets the cld thrugh t the bnes. 夜色降臨, 暮色稀薄, 猶如穿過了數(shù)個冬季的敝衣, 難以抵御刺骨的嚴寒。
2. A fire still fluttered in the grate, like a bird trying t find its way ut f the rm. 一團火還在壁爐爐膛里舞動著,就像一只掙脫束縛的鳥。
3. The last leaf f autumn fluttered t the grund, like a drp f autumn’s tear, melting silently in his verwhelming srrw. 秋天的最后一片葉子像一滴秋天的眼淚一樣飄落在地上,在他壓倒性的悲傷中默默融化。
二、擬人(Persnificatin)
擬人(persnificatin):擬人手法是把無生命的事物(諸如動物、植物、物體、思想或抽象概念等)比作人,賦予它們?nèi)说奶匦浴⑼獗?、思維、動作,即把本來適用于人的詞匯用于物,使之人格化,使語言生動,形象,更有感染力。
方法一:把自然現(xiàn)象當(dāng)作人來描寫
示例:
1)The feathery snwflakes danced in the night air. 鵝毛般的雪花在空中飛舞。
2)The mist swallwed him up. 薄霧把他包圍起來。
3)The vlcan spit ut lava frm its muth. 火山口噴出巖漿。
4)The mn played hide and seek (捉迷藏) with the cluds. 月亮和云彩做迷藏一樣時隱時現(xiàn)。
5)The mist swallwed him up. 薄霧把他包圍起來。
技法體驗:
1)The breeze gently kissed her cheeks. (景物描寫)
微風(fēng)輕柔地親吻著她的臉龐。
2)The feathery snwflakes danced in the night air, making a beautiful picture. (景物描寫)
鵝毛般的雪花在空中飛舞,像一幅美麗的圖畫。
3)The icy wind started hwling, stinging my face. (景物描寫)
寒風(fēng)開始咆哮,刺痛了我的臉。
4)Stars winked at me in a darkening sky. (景物描寫)
夜空中星星向我眨眼睛。
5)Immediately, an abslute darkness ruled the frest. (景物描寫)
頃刻間,黑暗統(tǒng)治了森林。
方法二:把含蓄抽象的概念當(dāng)作人來描寫
示例:
1)Fear seized / swallwed him.(情感描寫)
恐懼吞噬了他。
2)Anger chked my wrds.(情感描寫)
我氣得說不出話來。
3)A gd idea suddenly struck me.
我突然想到一個好主意。
技法體驗:
1)Anxiety trn him int pieces.(情感描寫)
她焦慮不安,十分崩潰。
2)Cnfidence deserted him.(情感描寫)他沒信心了。
3)Excitement deprived me f all pwer f speech.(情感描寫)
我興奮的啥也說不出來了。
4)Excitement deprived me f all pwer f speech.(情感描寫)
我興奮的啥也說不出來了。
5)Anxiety trn him int pieces.(情感描寫)她焦慮不安,十分崩潰。
方法三:把動物當(dāng)作人來描寫
技法體驗:
1)Birds n the tree are singing a beautiful sng. (景物描寫)
樹上的小鳥在樹上唱著美妙的歌曲。
2)The frgs are giving a cncert---mixed chrus. (景物描寫)
青蛙在舉辦音樂會---混聲大合唱。
3)Fireflies patrl the grass with small lanterns. (景物描寫)
螢火蟲提著小燈籠在草叢中巡邏。
4)In the dead f night, the crickets played n the terrace f the huse.
寂靜的夜,蟋蟀旁若無人地在房子的陽臺上玩。(景物描寫)
三、排比(Parallelism)
也稱平行, 是把結(jié)構(gòu)相同或相似、意思密切相關(guān)、語氣一致的詞語或句子成串地排列的一種修辭方法,利用意義相關(guān)或相近,結(jié)構(gòu)相同或相似和語氣相同的詞組 (主、謂、動、賓) 或句子并排 (三句或三句以上),達到一種增強語氣、 充分抒情、 集中說理的作用。
示例:
1. If there is anyne ut there wh still dubts that America is a place when all things are pssible,wh still wnders if the dream f ur funders is alive in ur time,wh still questins the pwer f ur demcracy, tnight is yur answer.
這三個排比組合句是奧巴馬競選總統(tǒng)獲勝演講的開場白。通過這三個排比句, 奧巴馬言簡意賅地表達了他獲勝的意義:顯示出 “美國夢” 的獨特性和普遍價值, 肯定他的獲勝是對美國政治文化傳統(tǒng)的繼承而不是背離。
2. As a player, Lang Ping brught hnur and glry t her cuntry. As a cach, she led the China wmen’s vlleyball team t medals at wrld champinships and the Olympics. As a persn, Lang Ping is lved by fans at hme and abrad.
人物介紹,運用三個 as a ...描述出了郎平無論是作為一名運動員還是一名教練亦或是一個人, 她都是非常成功的。句意為:作為一名球員,郎平給她的國家?guī)砹藰s譽和榮耀。作為一名教練,她帶領(lǐng)中國女排在世界錦標(biāo)賽和奧運會上獲得獎牌。 作為一個人, 郎平深受國內(nèi)外粉絲的喜愛。
3. Music gave me happiness. ... Music gave me strength and brught me relief. ... Mrever, music gave me hpe and a sense f satisfactin. ...
作者運用三個 music gave me... 排比句, 層層遞進,增強了語言感染力, 排比手法的運用突出了音樂帶給我的積極影響。句意為:音樂給了我幸福。音樂給了我力量,給我?guī)砹私饷?。而且,音樂給了我希望和滿足感。
4. When it cmes t wildlife prtectin, all species --- the gd, the bad, and the ugly --- shuld be treated equally.
運用三個排比短語,強調(diào)了不管什么樣的野生動物都應(yīng)該受到平等對待和保護。句意為:當(dāng)涉及到野生動物保護時, 所有物種——好的、壞的和丑陋的——都應(yīng)該得到平等的對待。
5. A list f buildings undestryed was nw nly a few ad dresses. A list f the brave men and wmen wuld fill a library. A list f all thse killed will never be made.
運用三項 “a list f ...” 排比, 闡述了地震的破壞性。句意為:幸存的建筑清單上現(xiàn)在只有幾個地址了。 英雄的名單則可以填滿一個圖書館。 而遇難者的名單卻再也無法統(tǒng)計了。
技法體驗:
1. Mther was very busy gathering the laundry, dusting the furniture and washing the dishes.(動作描寫)
母親正忙著收拾要洗的衣服, 撣去家具上的灰塵, 洗碗。
2. Whether in class, at wrk, r at hme, James was always busy.(情景描寫)
無論是在課堂上, 在工作中, 還是在家里, 詹姆斯總是很忙。
3. Dn’t make prmise when yu are in jy. Dn’t reply when yu are sad. Dn’t take decisin when yu are angry.(生活哲理)
別在喜悅的時候許下承諾;別悲傷的時候做出回答;別在憤怒的時候做出決定。
4. Pain makes yu strnger, tears make yu braver, heartbreak makes yu wiser, s thank the past fr a better future.(哲理)
痛苦, 會讓你更強大; 眼淚, 會讓你更勇敢; 心碎, 會讓你更睿智,所以為了更好的未來感謝過去吧。
5. This is nt nly just what I wanted, but als just what I needed.
這不僅是我想要的,也是我需要的。
6. The mrning sun shne n the grund warmly and gently,the gentle warm wind blew sftly n the face and the tall green trees waved quietly n the radsides.(場景描寫)
素材積累:
1. stream溪流
The afternn sunlight fell n the grass, the wind blew lightly, and the water flew silently dwn the stream.
2. fire(flame)火災(zāi)
Ht air envelped the rm, the lights glwed in the smke, and flames spread wildly in all directins.
3. beach海邊
The mild sunlight fell n the sand, the air blew sftly frm the sea, and the crwds played happily n the beach.
4. lake湖邊
The thin cluds flew slwly in the sky, the tall green trees waved wildly in the wind, and the sunlight shne n the lake.
5. classrm
Lights shne brightly n the flr, tidy desks and chairs lined up neatly, and the students listened t the teacher attentively.
6. playgrund
Blazing sunlight burned like an ven, ht air surrunded the playgrund, the crwds were cheered wildly the runners.

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