讀后續(xù)寫題的解題思路和以往的高考英語命題作文不同,要求考生首先要研讀所給語篇,就是要理解話題的內(nèi)容,并理解命題者想要通過這個語篇傳遞的意義和意圖。這個“言外之意” 就是課標上所說的主題意義。 這就要求學生不僅要讀懂字面含義,還要理清文章的脈絡(luò),明白故事的發(fā)展進程、前因后果、人物情感等。在此基礎(chǔ)上,順著文章的思路,根據(jù)線索,發(fā)揮想象,對其后的情節(jié)進行合理的預測。學生只有深挖文本,積極探求主題意義,才有可能使文章表達更全面;只有對主題語境和語篇的理解足夠深,才能挖掘出特定主題所承載的文化信息和情感暗線,在解決問題的過程中,有機滲透情感、態(tài)度和價值觀。在完成讀寫的過程中,樹立正確的世界觀、人生觀和價值觀。
學生在故事情境下,通過讀和寫的方式理解并表達(語言能力),在讀寫過程中對故事的發(fā)展做出正確的價值判斷(思維品質(zhì)),在有限的時間內(nèi)積極運用和主動調(diào)適學習策略(學習能力),做符合社會主義核心價值觀的 “人” 和 “事”(文化意識),充分體現(xiàn)了高考的核心功能 —— 落實立德樹人根本任務(wù)。一篇好的讀后續(xù)寫具備“優(yōu)質(zhì)的語言,精彩的思想,嚴謹?shù)倪壿嫛?。但續(xù)寫的實踐過程中,大多數(shù)學生續(xù)寫時出現(xiàn)內(nèi)容缺乏構(gòu)思,情節(jié)缺乏邏輯性,與原文融合度差等問題。故此,筆者長期跟蹤學生,在教學中不斷探索,將續(xù)寫中的情節(jié)構(gòu)思與創(chuàng)設(shè)分享如下:
一、讀
“讀” 的環(huán)節(jié)要做到以下5件事情:
1. Reading fr characters(確定人物個數(shù),理清人物關(guān)系,確定誰是主角,畫像人物性格)
2. Reading fr plt(了解故事梗概,厘清情節(jié)走向)
必須明白:情節(jié)與故事是有區(qū)別的,情節(jié)是有前后的邏輯關(guān)系,而故事則像敘事;主題是控制情節(jié)的幕后主帥,人物性格是情節(jié)發(fā)展的內(nèi)在根據(jù),情節(jié)和性格互為表里,人物性格是情節(jié)發(fā)展的內(nèi)在根據(jù),情節(jié)發(fā)展是人物性格的外在表現(xiàn)。作者可以根據(jù)自己情感傾向的需要出發(fā),創(chuàng)造一系列的事情并進行整合。逐漸升級的沖突是情節(jié)發(fā)展的原動力。場面是情節(jié)時空切換的重要標記,我們可以假設(shè)故事開始為A階段,結(jié)束為E階段,那么中間的切割為BCD階段,將故事切割成幾個場面,并進行有意義的安排。
Plt is the way an authr creates and rganizes a chain f events in a narrative. The plt must fllw a lgical, attractive frmat that draws the reader in. Plt differs frm “stry” in that it highlights a specific and purpseful cause-and-effect relatinship between a sequence f majr events in the narrative.
情節(jié)包含以下五個部分:
Expsitin故事的開端,通常作者會在這個階段介紹背景,或設(shè)置場景,介紹故事的人物等。
Rising actin故事的發(fā)展(上升階段),是引出沖突或矛盾的過程。千萬不要忽略在Expsitin和Rising actin的交匯點,有一個不可或缺的內(nèi)容 —— Cnflict(沖突)。因為有了這個沖突或矛盾,才可能推動故事的進一步發(fā)展。
Climax故事的高潮,也是沖突最為激烈的地方,通常是最能激發(fā)讀者閱讀欲望的,最精彩的部分。
Falling actin故事的下降階段,也是要逐漸掃清故事中還沒有填好的“坑”,逐漸收尾。
Reslutin故事的結(jié)局,整個故事到此結(jié)束。如下圖所示:
3. Find the theme(解碼主題詞,提煉給定材料的主題)
示例:A stranger helped me ut when my jeep had truble n the rad.
The theme can be: “Lve can be passed n” 或 “Kindness has n bundary”.
4. Predict the ending(研讀首句,圍繞主線,預設(shè)故事走向和結(jié)局)
對段首語進行分析、設(shè)問, 將預測的故事情節(jié)以問題的形式呈現(xiàn)。
示例:
P1:But ne day I met Anna in the market, my frmer classmate, wh tld me shcking news.
設(shè)問1:What is the shcking news exactly?
設(shè)問2:What is the reactin when I heard the shcking news?
設(shè)問3:…
Nte:By raising questins n yur wn, yu can prduce mre details f the develpment f the stry. When yu shape the characters, pay attentin t 3 “tin”:Actin; Reactin; Emtin.
5. List the utline(列出關(guān)鍵詞句,連貫句群)
plt 1 --- respnse 1; plt 2 --- respnse 2……
示例1:
示例2:
二、寫
(一)如何續(xù)寫合理情節(jié):
1. 兩段首句定第一段
示例:
Para 1: My father said firmly, "if he desn't bite me when I try t pick him up t put him in the car, then we have a new dg"
Para 2: We tk him t the vet, wh said the dg appeared t be in gd health.
第一段內(nèi)容:Finally the dg was raised.
續(xù)寫第一段的內(nèi)容設(shè)計既要考慮與上文的融洽銜接,同時也要考慮本段和第二段開頭語的呼應和銜接,而后者是容易忽視的部分。
2. 二段首句定一段尾
示例:
Para 2: We tk him t the vet, wh said the dg appeared t be in gd health.
第一段尾句:
1). Unfrtunately, all ur effrts were in vain and he was still very thin.
2). Wrried abut his lw spirits and lack f nutritin, we decided t send him t the pet hspital.
3). Hwever, a few days later, the dg seemed t be sick, nt eating anything given t him.
3. 二段首主題定二段
第二段的內(nèi)容由第二段首句與正能量結(jié)尾來確定,與文章開頭遙相呼應,要“情理之中,意料之外”,傳播正能量。
示例:
Para 2: We tk him t the vet, wh said the dg appeared t be in gd health.
第二段內(nèi)容:The vet gave the dg medical care,and the dg became a member f the family.
4. 材料大意升華主旨
快速提煉給定材料的大意,升華主題。
示例:
Paragraph 1:Mather said firmly, "If he desn’t bite me when I try t pick him up t put him in the car then we have a new dg."
Paragraph 2:We tk him t the vert(獸醫(yī))wh said the dg appeared t be in gd health.
Main idea:My family fund a lnely hmeless dg a few weeks ag, walking alng the rad in the cuntryside and wanted t bring him hme/raise him.
The theme:
1). Animals are friends. Please respect friends and cherish the friendship.
2). We are ne family n the same planet and ur lives shuld be equal.
3). Live in harmny with animals and build a harmnius sciety.
4). We learned a lessn frm the experience that kindness and sympathy made a big difference t ur life.
續(xù)寫第二段是文章的結(jié)尾,要關(guān)注與文章開頭的遙相呼應,凸顯主題,升華主題,弘揚真善美,傳播正能量。
(二) 如何創(chuàng)設(shè)微情節(jié)
1. “矛盾激化”
With + 惡化的情況,sb. was n the edge f breaking dwn, ttally at a lss what t d.
隨著情況的惡化,某人快要崩漬了,完全不知道該怎么辦。
例1 “北極熊”【2020·浙江卷】
“當那只熊第二次試圖用它巨大的爪子 (massive paws) 推倒 (tear dwn) 柵欄 (fence)時,我們幾乎崩潰了,完全不知所措”。
--- With the bear trying t tear dwn the fence with his massive paws at the secnd attempt, we were n the edge f breaking dwn, ttally at a lss what t d.
2. “希望漸微”
Every pssible trick thugh/as sb. had attempted,…
盡管某人已經(jīng)使出了渾身解數(shù),…… (情況沒有好轉(zhuǎn))。
例2 “海上遇險”
盡管我已經(jīng)使出了渾身解數(shù),但沒有人注意到我,因為他們離我太遠了。
--- Every pssible trick thugh / as I had attempted, n ne nticed me cnsidering that we were separated by a lng distance.
3. “回憶如潮”
When ...,all thse + adj.+ memries / things crwded int ne 's mind.
當……時,所有那些……的回憶都涌入了某人的腦海中。
例3 “女兒的電話”
當我看著 (gaze at) 天使般 (angel-like) 的女兒,所有那些我拒絕傾聽的場景 (scene) 都涌人了我的腦海。
--- When I gazed at my angel-like daughter, all thse scenes where I had refused t listen crwded int my mind.
4. “悔不當初”
Realizing what a desperate situatin sb. was in, sb. thught t neself, “If nly I had (nt) dne ...
意識到自己身處如此絕望的境地后,某人心想,“如果我 (沒有)……就好了。
例4 “荒野求生”【2016·浙江卷】
意識到她的處境是如此令人絕望,Jane 心想:“如果我沒有跟 Tm 吵架(quarrel)就好了。”
--- Realizing what a desperate situatin she was in, Jane thught t herself, “If nly I had nt quarreled with Tm.
5. “解決矛盾”
例5 “荒野求生”【2016·浙江卷】
突然,Jane 看見遠處 (at a distance) 有一個湖。她突然想到,湖邊(lakeside) 也許是發(fā)出求救信號 (signals fr help) 的最佳地點。她毫不猶豫地以最快的速度 (at the fastest pace) 向湖邊趕去 (set ut fr the lake)。
--- Suddenly, Jane caught sight f a lake at a distance. It ccurred t her that the lakeside might be perfect spt t send ut signals fr help. Withut the slightest hesitatin, she set ut fr the lake at the fastest pace.
6. “痛改前非”
例6 “媽媽罷工”
意識到這個問題后,Arthur 下定決心要有所改變。他沒有像以前那樣亂丟東西(litter),而是花了將近一個小時把玩具都收拾 (put sth away) 好,甚至還把襪子放進了洗衣籃(hamper)里。
--- Having realized the prblem, Arthur made up his mind that he wanted a change. Instead f littering like befre, he spent nearly an hur in putting the tys away, and even putting his scks int the hamper.
7. “真情感化”
例7 “媽媽的鼓勵”
被媽媽的話打動了,Dra 感到羞愧和興奮混雜(a mixture f)著在她的心中涌動。直到那時她才意識到,失敗真的不算什么(nthing)。
--- Struck by her mm’s wrds, Dra felt a mixture f shame and excitement welling up in her heart and surging thrugh her. Only then did she realize that failure is really nthing.
8. “正向結(jié)局”
例8 “Pppy的新伙伴”【2020·浙江卷】
不久,兩只可愛的小動物分享了玩具,成了好朋友,開心地在家里玩耍。爸爸媽媽相視而笑,終于放下心來(wrry relieve)。他們絕沒有料到 Pppy會這么高興。
--- Befre lng, with the tys shared, the tw lvely creatures became gd friends, playing in the huse delightedly. Wrry relieved, Mm and Dad smiled at each ther. By n means had they expected Pppy t be s happy.
9. “主題升華”
例9. 正是這段經(jīng)歷使孩子們認識到,困難與團結(jié)(unity)相比是微不足道(nthing)的。
It was this experience that made the children realize that difficulty is nthing cmpares with unity.
例10. 老師的話語自此一直縈繞 (ech) 在我的腦海中。即使是現(xiàn)在,我也不斷地想起那段經(jīng)歷,我學到了: 語言是扇窗,讓我看到更廣闊的世界。
The teacher's wrds kept eching in my mind ever since. Even nw, I am cnstantly reminded f the experience, where I gt the lessn that language is a windw which allws me t see a bigger wrld.
三、升格
“敘述”的功能主要是推動情節(jié)的發(fā)展?!懊鑼憽绷η笸ㄟ^呈現(xiàn)細節(jié)強調(diào)任務(wù)的性格特點。精彩的描寫往往更容易提高文章的可讀性,給閱卷老師留下深刻的印象。試比較:
1. She pushed the dr pen and saw her mther sitting in the rm sadly.
2. Opening the dr slwly and carefully, she caught sight f her mther, wh sat mtinlessly with her eyes staring blankly int space and tears rlling dwn her cheeks.
以上兩句話描繪的是同一個場景:女兒推開房門發(fā)現(xiàn)母親傷心地坐在房間里。
句1主要采用了敘述的方式,雖然交代清楚了場景和事件,語言上也沒有錯誤,但是句子顯得平淡無味,屬于基本合格的句子。
而在句2中,作者具體地描寫了母親茫然地盯著前方,眼淚順著面頰流了下來的樣子,雖然沒有出現(xiàn)sad一詞,但是通過這些細節(jié)讀者很容易感受到母親當時的心情。
那么,如何升格續(xù)寫作品?
一、詞匯具體化
示例:
1. My mm is nice.(形容詞)
--- It was filled with surprises and amusements, all because f my mther--- lving, sweet, yet absent-minded and frgetful.
2. I recmmend taking sme gifts.(名詞)
--- I recmmend taking sme gifts such as fresh fruits and interesting bks.
3. Suddenly, a rabbit came ut.(動詞)
--- Suddenly, a little rabbit jumped ut in frnt f my hrse.
二、句式多樣化
1. 巧用“無靈主語”凸顯情感、動作、營造氛圍:
Anger and bitterness had seized me cntinually fr weeks and a deep exhaustin fllwed this passinate struggle.
2. 獨立主格(含with復合結(jié)構(gòu))賦能生動描寫:
Gerge and I std there dumbfunded watching him finishing the whle jb, gratitude and admiratin rushing in my heart.
Sptting the puppy, Pppy was enraptured, with her eyes becming mellw and affectinate.
3. 虛擬語氣
We had n idea where we were and it was getting dark. I was almst n the edge f break dwn. If nly I hadn’t fllwed the rabbit int the frest!
4. 修辭手法:比喻,擬人,排比等。(略)
綜合示例:
1. A frwn nailed t his face, familiar seriusness ntably cnveyed in his tne, my teammate apprached every detail with great singular aim which thrughly struck my heart, mtivating me t try desperately t prve myself.
他總是皺眉,他的語調(diào)中傳達著熟悉的嚴肅感,我的同伴始終朝著同一個目標去處理每一個細節(jié),這完全讓我震撼,激勵著我極力想要證明自己。
2. Hardly had Dr. Gullicksn infrmed me f that, a cursing current f general cncern flded int my inner wrld hence I paid him a visit. Fr the first time I sptted a sense f vulnerability n his firm face and his face culd be etched with tremendus tiredness.
格利克森博士一告訴我這一點,一股關(guān)懷的熱流就涌入了我的內(nèi)心世界,因此我去拜訪了他。我第一次在他堅定的臉上發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種脆弱的感覺,疲勞刻在他的臉上。Act
Jane was afraid. Jane picked stnes and made them in the frm f SOS
Respnse
體現(xiàn)情感變化:Afraid --- hpeful --- Exhausted
Image
A wman, SOS
Act
The helicpter saw the SOS and they hugged each ther.
Respnse
動作:Jane ran twards Tm.
情感變化:Hpeful --- thrilled
Image
They hug each ther.
環(huán)境
心理
動作
不斷惡化
即將崩潰
不知所措
動作
結(jié)果
已經(jīng)使出渾身解數(shù)
情況沒有好轉(zhuǎn)
外界刺激
心理
當……時
喚醒……的回憶
外界刺激
心理
情況非常糟糕
如果……就好了
微情節(jié)構(gòu)建
可搭配句型
環(huán)境
“救命稻草”
某人突然看到/聽到/聞到……
Suddenly, sb. caught sight f heard/ smelt ...
心理
“靈光一閃”
某人突然想到……
It flashed thrugh ne’s mind that It ccurred t sb. that ...
動作
“立即行動”
某人毫不猶豫地…
Withut the slightest hesitatin, sb.
微情節(jié)構(gòu)建
可搭配句型
心理
意識到了問題,下定決心要改變……
意識到了問題,某人下定決心……
Having realized the prblem, sb. made up ne's mind that ...
動作
痛改前非
某人沒有……,而是……
Instead f ding ..., sb. did ...
微情節(jié)構(gòu)建
可搭配句型
環(huán)境
“外界刺激”
① 當……時,某人喉嚨哽住。
Sb.'s thrat tightened when ...
② 被……所觸動,某人內(nèi)心充滿了……
Struck by ..., sb. was seized with +情緒
③ 被……所觸動,某人感到一股強烈的……在內(nèi)心升騰、奔涌。
Struck by.., sb. felt a great sense f+ 情緒 + welling up in sb.'s heart and surging thrugh sb..
情緒
“受到觸動”
心理
“有所感悟”
Only then did sb. realize ...
微情節(jié)構(gòu)建
可搭配句型
引出正向結(jié)局
沒過多久,…… Befre lng,
一………就…… The mment...,...
幸運的是…… Luckily / Frtunately,..
終于,…… Finally / Eventually,..
結(jié)果…… Sth. turned ut t be / It turned ut that
正向結(jié)局之喜出望外
某人絕沒有料到……會如此…
By n means / Under n circumstances had sb. expected sth. t be s + adj.
正向結(jié)局之死里逃生
盡管某人又……又……,但是某人的內(nèi)心充滿了……
Adj and adj. thugh sb was, sb.'s heart was filled with nthing else but...
句式①
Only then did sb. realize ..
Nt until then did sb. realize ...
如果沒有這次經(jīng)歷,某人就不會有機會學到這樣一課:……
句式②
Had it nt been fr this experience, sb. wuld nt have gt the chance tlearn the lessn that ...
正是這次經(jīng)歷讓某人意識到/學到了……
句式③
It was this experience that made sb. realize/ learn that ...
句式④
這段故事/畫面/場景/話語自此一直縈繞在某人的腦海中。即使是現(xiàn)在,某人也不斷地想起那段經(jīng)歷,從中某人學到了……
The stry/picture/scene/wrds kept lingering/eching in sb.'s mind ever since. Even nw, sb. be cnstantly reminded f the experience, where sb. gt the lessn that ...

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這是一份專題05 “三種手法”優(yōu)化續(xù)寫表達-備考2024年新高考英語讀后續(xù)寫六大招式,共9頁。試卷主要包含了明喻 等內(nèi)容,歡迎下載使用。

英語朗讀寶

相關(guān)試卷 更多

專題03 “三招式”完成動作描寫-備考2024年新高考英語讀后續(xù)寫六大招式

專題03 “三招式”完成動作描寫-備考2024年新高考英語讀后續(xù)寫六大招式

專題01 “三首歌” 學會環(huán)境描寫-備考2024年新高考英語讀后續(xù)寫六大招式

專題01 “三首歌” 學會環(huán)境描寫-備考2024年新高考英語讀后續(xù)寫六大招式

專題 02 讀后續(xù)寫(如何巧妙構(gòu)思讀后續(xù)寫的故事情節(jié))-2024年新高考英語滿分作文讀后續(xù)寫高分突破+萬能金句

專題 02 讀后續(xù)寫(如何巧妙構(gòu)思讀后續(xù)寫的故事情節(jié))-2024年新高考英語滿分作文讀后續(xù)寫高分突破+萬能金句

專題 02 讀后續(xù)寫(如何巧妙構(gòu)思讀后續(xù)寫的故事情節(jié))-2023年新高考英語滿分作文讀后續(xù)寫高分突破+萬能金句

專題 02 讀后續(xù)寫(如何巧妙構(gòu)思讀后續(xù)寫的故事情節(jié))-2023年新高考英語滿分作文讀后續(xù)寫高分突破+萬能金句

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