Unit 9　LearningSection Ⅳ　GrammarVerbs followed by verb-ing form：跟動詞-ing形式的動詞有:admit，advise，avoid，can′t help，can′t stand，consider， delay，deny，enjoy，fancy，finish，give up，imagine，keep，mind，miss，practise，put off，risk，suggest， ...Verbs followed by infinitive：跟動詞不定式的動詞有：afford，agree，appear，arrange，ask，attempt，choose，decide，expect，fail，help，intend learn，manage，offer，plan，persuade，pretend，promise，refuse，seem，tell， wish，would like / love / prefer， ...Verbs followed by either verb-ing form or infinitive include既可跟動詞-ing形式也可跟動詞不定式的動詞有：(1) begin，continue， intend，start These verbs have slightly different meanings or the same meanings when they are followed by either verb-ing form or infinitive. 這些動詞后跟動詞-ing形式或不定式意思上區(qū)別不大，或意思相同。? He started to build / building his own laboratory.(2) hate， like，love，preferMany liking or disliking verbs are most commonly followed by verb-ing form，but can also be followed by an infinitive.大部分表示“喜歡”或“不喜歡”的動詞常跟動詞-ing形式，也可以跟動詞不定式。(3) forget，mean，regret，remember，stop，tryThese verbs carry different meanings when they are followed by verb-ing form or infinitive.這些動詞后用動詞-ing 形式和用不定式意思不同。? regret to do sth＝Y(jié)ou feel sorry before you do sth. 做某事前，感覺遺憾、惋惜。I regret to say that the meeting wasn′t successful.? regret doing sth＝Y(jié)ou do sth and then feel sorry about it. 做了某事后，感到懊悔She regrets mentioning it to me.? remember to do sth ＝ You remember things that you have to do later. 記著一會兒要做的事。He didn′t remember to check it out.? remember doing sth ＝Y(jié)ou remember that you did sth earlier. 記得曾做過某件事Do you remember seeing him there?? stop to do sth ＝ You interrupt an activity in order to do sth else. 停下正在做的事開始做另一件事。They stopped to have a snack.? stop doing sth＝ You are doing sth and then you interrupt this activity. 停上正在做的事。We stopped talking because we heard a strange noise outside.? try to do sth＝ You make an effort to do sth. 努力、盡力做某事。I tried to ring you but I couldn′t get through.? try doing sth = You do sth to find out if it produces a result you want. 試著做某事，看是否可以達(dá)到預(yù)期的結(jié)果。I′ll try baking bread tonight.2 Subject-Verb Agreement 主謂一致We need to change the form of predicate verbs / auxiliary verbs to make sure the subject and verb agree with each other in numbers. We pay special attention to the simple present tense and the auxiliary verbs：be，do / does and have / has. 為了確保謂語動詞和助動詞在人稱和數(shù)上與主語保持一致，我們需要改變謂語動詞或助動詞的形式。特別要注意一般現(xiàn)在時和助動詞：be，do/does和have/has。In the simple present tense，the subject determines if we need to add -s to the predicate verb.在一般現(xiàn)在時的句子中，主語決定謂語動詞是否需要加s。? He knows that some people are smart.(We add -s to show the subject is singular.)? They know that some people are smart. (We do not add -s，because the subject is plural.)In other tenses，the auxiliary verbs be，do and have ensure the subject agrees with the verb.當(dāng)句子是其他時態(tài)時，助動詞be，do和have 使主語與動詞在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。? We have been losing brain cells every day. (The verb have shows the subject is plural)? He has been reading the book. (The verb has shows the subject is singular.)When the conjunction or appears in the subject，the noun closest to the predicate verb takes the agreement.當(dāng)主語中出現(xiàn)連詞or的時候，謂語動詞的數(shù)與其最靠近的名詞保持一致。? The boy or his friends run every day. (Since the closest noun friends is plural，the verb agrees with the plural noun.)? His friends or the boy runs every day. (Since the closest noun the boy is singular the verb agrees with the singular noun.)When any of these words appear in the subject, the predicate verb agrees with the subject in the same way as a singular noun：verb-ing form，each，either，neither，everyone，anyone，nobody and no one. 當(dāng)句子的主語是動-ing 形式，以及 each，either，neither， everyone，anyone，nobody，no one 等詞時，謂語動詞采用單數(shù)形式。? Each of the children gets a book to read.? Writing your notes clearly helps you remember the things betterHowever，if modal verbs come before the predicate verb or the auxiliary verb，we do not change the verb； we use the bare infinitive. 但是，如果句中的謂語動詞或助動詞前面有情態(tài)動詞，謂語動詞用原形。? He swims every day. (Since there is no modal verb，we add -s to the verb to show the subject is singular)? He can swim. (The modal verb can does not allow us to add -s to the verb to show the subject is singular.)選擇正確的答案1. The old man planned ___________(to build/ building) a new house the next year.?2. My sister is considering _______________(changing/to change) her present job.?to buildchanging3. Unluckily，the boy failed __________(passing/to pass) the final exam.?4. He promised ______________ (to offer/offering) us some practical advice.?5. A large amount of money ___________(was/were) wasted on the project.?6. Not only the girl but also her parents _______(is/are) fond of the film.?to passto offerwasare語法探究一、接動詞-ing形式或不定式的動詞admit，advise，avoid，can′t help，can′t stand，consider，delay，enjoy，fancy，finish，give up，imagine，keep，mind，miss，practise，put off，risk，suggest 等Eg. I really can′t stand working with such a selfish person.我確實(shí)無法忍受和這樣自私的人一起共事。These days my brother is practising speaking English.這些天我哥哥正在練習(xí)說英語。afford，agree，appear，arrange，ask，attempt，choose，decide，expect，fail，help，intend，learn，manage，offer，plan，persuade，pretend，promise，refuse，seem，tell，wish，would like/love/prefer 等Eg. Her parents couldn′t afford to send her to school at the time.當(dāng)時她的父母沒有錢送她去上學(xué)。Later，she chose to be a teacher in the countryside.后來，她選擇在鄉(xiāng)下做了一名老師。Don′t worry! He has promised to help us when we get into trouble.不用擔(dān)心!他已經(jīng)答應(yīng)在我們遇到麻煩時幫助我們。單句語法填空①Do you mind ____________(open) all the windows now??②In the end the boy admitted _________(cheat) in the exam.③When she grew up，she chose __________(be) a doctor.?④The man decided to delay __________(announce) the result.⑤He managed _____________(find) an empty room for the homeless children.?openingcheatingto beannouncingto find①begin，continue，intend，start這些動詞后跟動詞 -ing 形式或不定式意思上差別不大，或意思相同。He started to build/building his own laboratory.他開始建造他自己的實(shí)驗(yàn)室。②hate，like，love，prefer大部分表示“喜歡”或“不喜歡”的動詞常跟動詞 -ing形式，也可以接不定式，但有時在意思上略有區(qū)別。Eg. I hate driving along on a long journey. 我不喜歡獨(dú)自一人長途開車。 He hates to lie to his mother. 他討厭對他的媽媽撒謊。③forget，mean，regret，remember，stop，try這些動詞后面用動詞 -ing 形式和用不定式意思不同。regret to do sth 遺憾地要去做某事regret doing sth 做了此事之后感到后悔Eg. I regret to say that the meeting wasn′t successful. 我很遺憾地說，這個會議沒有成功。 She regrets mentioning it to me. 她后悔向我提及此事。remember to do sth 記得要去做某事remember doing sth 記得曾做過某事Eg. Remember to send an email to your mother. 記得給你媽媽發(fā)一封郵件。 Do you remember seeing him there? 你記得在那里見到他了嗎?stop to do sth 停下正在做的事，開始做另一件事stop doing sth 停止正在做的事情Eg. They stopped to have a rest. 他們停下來休息。 We stopped talking because we heard a strange noise outside. 我們停止了談話,因?yàn)槲覀兟牭酵饷嬗衅婀值穆曇?。try to do sth 努力、盡力做某事try doing sth 試著做某事，看是否可以達(dá)到預(yù)期的結(jié)果Eg. I tried to ring you but I couldn′t get through.我盡力給你打電話,但是我打不通。I′ll try baking bread tonight.今晚我要嘗試烤面包。翻譯句子① 很遺憾地告訴你，你被解雇了。 ____________________________________________②我記得被我父母帶到公園的事情。 ____________________________________________I regret to tell you that you have been fired.I remember being taken to the park by my parents.③ 很抱歉，但是我的本意并不是要傷害你。 ____________________________________________ ④ 不要忘記在周末給你父母寫信。 ____________________________________________I′m sorry，but I didn′t mean to harm you.Don′t forget to write to your parents at weekends.二、主謂一致 英語中主語和謂語保持一致——即謂語動詞的形式必須隨著主語人稱和數(shù)的變化而變化——叫主謂一致。Eg. The peasant and writer is making a speech in the meeting room.那位農(nóng)民作家正在會議室里發(fā)表演講。(一)語法結(jié)構(gòu)的一致注意 ：①當(dāng)and連接的兩個詞或詞組表達(dá)的是同一個人、物或概念時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。如果這兩個詞都是名詞，則第二個名詞前不用冠詞。Eg. The peasant and writer is making a speech in the meeting room.那位農(nóng)民作家正在會議室里發(fā)表演講。②主語后有 with，together with，like，but，as well as，except，including，rather than，besides 等引導(dǎo)的詞或短語時，謂語動詞要和前面的主語保持一致。Eg. The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory.老師帶著一些學(xué)生正在參觀工廠。Eg. Each student and each teacher was given a ticket. 每個學(xué)生和老師都發(fā)了一張票。 Every man and every woman is at work. 所有人都在工作。Eg. Not only the students but also the teacher hasn′t come. 學(xué)生們和老師都沒來。 Neither the children nor the mother likes this kind of music.孩子們和媽媽都不喜歡這種音樂。Either you or I am to blame.你或我該受責(zé)備。There is a book and two pens on the desk.書桌上有一本書和兩支鋼筆。單句語法填空①The student，together with his classmates，__________ (go) to the park every Sunday.?②Either the man or his brothers ________________(invite) to the party last night.?goeswere invited③ Not only food but also some clothes _______________ (send) to that area.?④ It is you，rather than your sister，________ (be) to blame for the accident.?have been sentareEg. Two miles is too far for the child. 兩英里路程對這個孩子來說太遠(yuǎn)了。(二) 意義一致原則Eg. Our class is better than any other class at playing football in our school.在我們學(xué)校，我們班在踢足球方面比其他任何班都好。(強(qiáng)調(diào)整體)His family are waiting for him to come back from abroad.他的家人正在等他回國。(強(qiáng)調(diào)個體)Eg. The police are searching for the lost child. 警察正在尋找那個失蹤的孩子。Eg. Since everyone is here，let′s begin our meeting. 既然大家都到了，我們開會吧。Eg. None of them knows/know the answers. 他們中沒有人知道答案。 None of the information about him has been received. 沒收到一點(diǎn)關(guān)于他的消息。表示國家、機(jī)構(gòu)、事件、作品等名稱的專有名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Eg. One Thousand and One Nights tells people lots of mysterious folklore.《一千零一夜》給人們講了許多神秘的民間傳說。The United Nations plays an important role in the international affairs.聯(lián)合國在國際事務(wù)中起著重要作用。Eg. How to solve the problem is to be discussed at the meeting.如何解決這個問題要在會上討論。Whether he will help us with it doesn′t matter too much.他是否幫我們處理它關(guān)系不大。Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.在陽光下讀書對你的眼睛有害。翻譯句子① 全家人正在吃飯，這時有人敲門。 _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________②他們中沒有人愿意在臺上展示自己。 _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________The family were having supper when someone knocked at the door.None of them are willing to present themselves on the platform.③ 什么時候舉行會議還沒決定。_____________________________________________ _____________________________________________④考試前聽音樂能使你放松。_____________________________________________ _____________________________________________When to hold a meeting hasn′t been decided yet.Listening to music before the exam can make you relaxed.(三) 需要注意的幾種情況Eg. About three fourths of the surface of the earth is water. 地球表面大約四分之三是水。 About 50 percent of the students in our school are girls. 我們學(xué)校大約百分之五十的學(xué)生是女生。Eg. This new type of buses is now on show. (Buses of this new kind are now on show.) 現(xiàn)在正展出一種新型的公共汽車。Eg. All kinds of difficulties have to be overcome.必須克服各種各樣的困難。A series of debates between the lecturers was scheduled for the next weekend.講師之間一系列的辯論安排在下周末舉行。Eg. A number of students are from the south. 不少學(xué)生來自南方。Eg. The number of students from the south is large.來自南方的學(xué)生數(shù)量很多。A variety of toys are on sale in that shop.那個商店出售各種各樣的玩具。The variety of goods on sale in that shop is surprising.那個商店出售的貨物品種多得驚人。一、單句語法填空① Two thirds of the money _________________(spend) on this project.?② In the old days，this kind of knives ____________(use) to cut the hard things.?③ A series of accidents ___________________(happen) in this street so far.?has been spentwas usedhave happened二、翻譯句子④ 參加這個活動的人的數(shù)量是500。_______________________________________________⑤ 四分之三的村民現(xiàn)在生活得很幸福。_______________________________________________The number of the people taking part in the activity is 500.Three quarters of the villagers are leading a happy life now.本課結(jié)束This lesson is overTHANKS!

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高中英語北師大版 (2019)必修 第三冊電子課本

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