
①The new Peple’s Republic f China saw Dr Lin Qiazhi playing a key rle. 中華人民共和國成立后,林巧稚醫(yī)生發(fā)揮了重要的作用。(playing...作賓語補(bǔ)足語)
②I saw her whispering smething int her ear, bviusly nt wanting t be heard.我看見她在他耳邊悄聲說了些什么,顯然是不想被聽見。(whispering...作賓語補(bǔ)足語)
①現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí),賓語往往是其邏輯主語,其與賓語存在邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系,表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行,強(qiáng)調(diào)過程或一種狀態(tài)。
They use cmputers t keep the traffic running smthly.他們利用電腦讓交通順暢。
②當(dāng)“動(dòng)詞+賓語+賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換為被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),原來作賓語補(bǔ)足語的現(xiàn)在分詞便轉(zhuǎn)換為主語補(bǔ)足語。
A ck will be immediately fired if he is fund smking in the kitchen.如果廚師被發(fā)現(xiàn)在廚房吸煙,他會(huì)被立即開除。(smking作主語補(bǔ)足語)
3能用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語的幾類動(dòng)詞(短語)
(1)表示感覺、感官或意愿的動(dòng)詞(短語),常見的有see、hear、feel、find、ntice、bserve、watch、lk at、listen t、wish、want等。
One day, when she was five years ld,Hanna hand her mther saw a man eating ut f a garbage can.漢娜五歲時(shí),有一天她和媽媽看到一個(gè)人從垃圾箱中翻找東西吃。
Listening t music at hme is ne thing; ging t hear it being perfrmed live is quite anther.在家里聽音樂是一回事,去現(xiàn)場聽又是另一回事。(現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式作賓補(bǔ))
易混辨析·see、hear、feel、watch等感官動(dòng)詞之后用現(xiàn)在分詞和動(dòng)詞不定式(常省略t)作賓語補(bǔ)足語的區(qū)別:前者表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行,后者表示或強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的全過程。
She felt the tears rll dwn her cheeks.她感到眼淚順著臉頰流了下來。
She felt the tears rlling dwn her cheeks.她感到眼淚正順著臉頰流下來。
(2)表示指使意義的使役動(dòng)詞,常見的有have、get、set、keep、leave等。
He had us laughing during the lunchtime.他讓我們在午飯時(shí)間一直笑個(gè)不停。
His remark left me wndering what he was driving at.他的評論使我想知道他到底是什么意思。
④現(xiàn)在分詞用于“with+賓語+賓補(bǔ)”的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中
I culdn't cncentrate n my study with the nise ging n.噪聲一直持續(xù)著,我無法專心學(xué)習(xí)。
重點(diǎn)2
現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語
教材原句
①... her brther cmplained, thinking f the high tuitin fees.想到高額的學(xué)費(fèi),她哥哥抱怨道······(thinking f...作時(shí)間狀語)[P16]
②Thinking f all the peple still in need f help,Dr Lin pened a private clinic.想到還有那么多人需要幫助,林醫(yī)生便開了一家私人診所。(Thinking f...作原因狀語)[P16]
③Thugh Lin Qiazhi never married, she was knwn as the “mther f ten thusand babies”,having delivered ver 50,000 babies in her lifetime.林巧稚雖然終身未婚,但她被譽(yù)為“萬嬰之母”,一生共接生過5萬多個(gè)嬰兒。(having delivered...為現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式作時(shí)間狀語)
一、現(xiàn)在分詞的時(shí)態(tài)意義
一般式(ding/being dne):現(xiàn)在分詞表示的動(dòng)作與句子謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生,不分先后。完成式(having dne/having been dne):現(xiàn)在分詞表示的動(dòng)作先于句子謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生,強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的先后順序。
Seeing that she was ging ff t sleep,I asked if she'd like t take that little dll t her bed.看到她要去睡覺了,我問她是否想把那個(gè)小玩具娃娃帶到床上。(see與其邏輯主語I之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,與句子謂語asked表示的動(dòng)作幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生)
Having wrked fr tw days, Steve managed t finish his reprt n schedule.工作兩天后,史蒂夫按時(shí)完成了報(bào)告。(wrk與其邏輯主語Steve之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,且wrk這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在managed t finish 這一動(dòng)作之前)
二、現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語
現(xiàn)在分詞可在句中作狀語,表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、結(jié)果、伴隨、方式、讓步等,相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語從句。
1.作時(shí)間狀語,為了強(qiáng)調(diào),還可與when、while 等連詞連用。
Reflecting n(=While/When reflecting n) her vlunteer experience,Tina felt prud f what she managed t achieve tgether with her lcal clleague.回想自己的志愿經(jīng)歷,蒂娜為自己與當(dāng)?shù)赝鹿餐〉玫某删透械津湴痢?br>Having been given such a gd chance, hw culd she let it slip away?人家給了她一個(gè)這么好的機(jī)會(huì),她怎么能輕易放過?
2.作原因狀語,相當(dāng)于because、since、as引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句。
Nt knwing(=Because he didn't knw) hw t wrk ut the difficult physics prblem, he asked the teacher fr help.因?yàn)椴恢廊绾谓膺@道物理難題,他向老師求助。
Having been asked t wrk vertime that evening,I missed a wnderful film.那天晚上我被要求加班,因此錯(cuò)過了一場精彩的電影。
3.作條件狀語,其邏輯主語應(yīng)為句子的主語,相當(dāng)于一個(gè)條件狀語從句。
Wrking hard (= If yu wrk hard), yu'll succeed.如果你努力工作,你會(huì)成功的。
4.作結(jié)果狀語,相當(dāng)于一個(gè)結(jié)果狀語從句?,F(xiàn)在分詞短語在句中作結(jié)果狀語時(shí),通常位于句末,前面有逗號?,F(xiàn)在分詞前可以加thus、therefre、hence等詞。
She fell ff the bike,(thus) breaking her left leg.她從自行車上摔了下來,結(jié)果摔斷了左腿。
易混辨析,現(xiàn)在分詞和動(dòng)詞不定式作結(jié)果狀語的
區(qū)別:現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語表示自然而然的結(jié)果,而動(dòng)詞不定式作結(jié)果狀語往往表示出乎意料的結(jié)果,常常與nly連用。
He hurried there, nly t find the train had left.他匆匆趕到那里,卻發(fā)現(xiàn)火車已經(jīng)開走了。
5表示方式或伴隨,說明動(dòng)作發(fā)生的背景或情況。
Jane mved aimlessly dwn the tree-lined street,nt knwing where she was heading.簡在林蔭道上漫無目的地走著,不知道她要往哪里去。
Like ancient sailrs, birds can find their way using the sun and the stars.像古代的水手一樣,鳥類可以利用太陽和星星找到它們的路。(use與其邏輯主語birds之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,using...在句中作方式狀語)
6.作讓步狀語,相當(dāng)于一個(gè)讓步狀語從句。有時(shí)現(xiàn)在分詞前可以帶有連接詞althugh、even if、even thugh等。
Thugh lacking mney and supprt frm his family,he managed t cmplete the task by himself, which brught him cnfidence and experience.盡管缺少資金和家人的支持,他還是靠自己完成了任務(wù),這給了他信心和經(jīng)驗(yàn)。
7.評注性狀語:有些慣用的現(xiàn)在分詞(短語)在句中可以沒有邏輯主語而獨(dú)立存在,表明說話者的態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)等。常見的有:
generally speaking 一般說來
strictly speaking 嚴(yán)格說來
frankly/hnestly speaking 坦白說/老實(shí)說
judging frm/by...根據(jù)······判斷
cnsidering(that)...考慮到······
seeing...因?yàn)?,由于·····?br>Generally speaking, when taken accrding t the directins, the medicine has n side effects.通常說來,當(dāng)按照說明書服用時(shí),這個(gè)藥沒有副作用。
Judging frm his face n which there was a cnfident smile, we knew that he didn’t lse heart.從他帶著自信的笑臉來看,我們知道他沒有灰心。
特別注意
分詞作狀語時(shí),其邏輯主語須與句子的主語一致。若不一致,分詞須另帶主語,從而構(gòu)成復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語。這種結(jié)構(gòu)稱為“分詞獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)”,可以表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、方式或伴隨情況等。分詞可以是現(xiàn)在分詞,也可以是過去分詞。若分詞與其邏輯主語之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系,則用現(xiàn)在分詞;若分詞與其邏輯主語之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系,則用過去分詞。
After a while,a grup f wmen came alng,each balancing a pt f water n her head.過了一會(huì)兒,來了一群婦女,每個(gè)人的頭上都穩(wěn)穩(wěn)地頂著一罐水。[教材P20]
The meeting being ver,all f us went hme.開完會(huì)后我們都回家了。
Weather permitting, we will g fr a picnic.天氣允許的話,我們就去野餐。
Everything taken int cnsideratin, his plans seems t be mre wrkable.從各方面考慮,他的計(jì)劃似乎更可行。
課時(shí)檢測(紅色部分為答案)
Ⅰ. 單句語法填空
1. With s many things bthering(bther) me, I hpe yu can ffer me sme practical suggestins.
2. With mre and mre farmers rushing(rush) int city, their children’s educatin is a prblem.
3. The next thing he saw was smke rising(rise)frm the huse.
4. Having wrked(wrk) all day, they are very tired.
5. Listen! D yu hear smene calling(call) fr help?
6. The manager wuld like t see his plan carried(carry) ut as sn as pssible.
7. He was s angry that he threw the ty n the grund, breaking(break) it int pieces.
8. The girl was nticed quarreling(quarrel)with an ld man at 9 ’clck yesterday.
9. Appraching(apprach) the city center, we saw a stne statue f abut 10 meters in height.
10. Ging(g) straight dwn the rad, yu will find the hspital.
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1. While wrking in the factry, he was an advanced wrker.
在工廠工作時(shí), 他是一名先進(jìn)工人。
2. I nticed a man running ut f the bank when I gt ff the car.
我下車的時(shí)候注意到一個(gè)男人正從銀行里跑出來。
3. Seeing thse pictures, she remembered her childhd.
看到那些畫, 她想起了自己的童年。
4. I felt my heart beating vilently.
我覺得我的心在猛烈地跳動(dòng)。
5. Having made full preparatins, we are ready fr the examinatin.
我們已經(jīng)作好了充分準(zhǔn)備, 現(xiàn)在可以考了。
6. With anther prblem appearing, many custmers are dissatisfied.
隨著另一個(gè)問題的出現(xiàn), 許多消費(fèi)者不滿意了。
7. Nt knwing the gld cins hidden under the stne, many peple didn’t attempt t mve it.
由于不知道石頭底下藏著金幣, 很多人都沒有嘗試去搬走它。
8. Yu can’t have yur sn studying all day lng at the weekend.
你不能讓你的兒子周末整天都待在家里學(xué)習(xí)。
9. It has rained fr ver ten days, causing the river t rise.
下了十多天雨, 致使河水上漲。
10. They shuld nt leave us wndering what they will d next.
他們不應(yīng)該不讓我們知道他們下一步要做什么。
Ⅲ. 語法填空
After eating a diet f bread, hamburgers and spaghetti fr three
1. __________(mnth), I began t miss Chinese fd. Luckily, in 2. __________ internatinal city like New Yrk, I have little difficulty 3. __________(find) a Chinese restaurant. Hwever, the Chinese fd, which the lcals cnsider
4. ___________ their favrite, is nt exactly the Chinese fd I enjy in Beijing. I can always find such s-called “Chinese fd” as hney chicken n the menu,
5. __________ I actually have never even heard f it befre.
One day, I went t a Chinese restaurant with my lcal friends. After the meal, each f us 6. __________(give) a dumpling-shaped ckie. Once I bit int it, I realized smething nt quite right. I fund a piece f paper with a message that read, “This frtune’s n gd, try anther. ” At first I 7. __________(think) it must be a trick f the restaurant. When I tld this t my friends, they burst int
8. __________(laugh) and asked, “Are yu really frm China? ”
But it desn’t mean there is n place in New Yrk where I can satisfy my stmach. I always head t China Twn when I 9. __________(extreme) miss the fd f my hmeland. 10. ___________(fllw) the ht and spicy smell, I can always find the mst typical(典型的) Chinese fd that excites me in the city.
【文章大意】講述了作者在無法忍受外國飯菜之后, 尋找中國食物的歷程和其中發(fā)生的趣事。
1. 【解析】mnths??疾榭蓴?shù)名詞單復(fù)數(shù)。根據(jù)句意, 三個(gè)月是復(fù)數(shù), 應(yīng)使用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填mnths。
2. 【解析】an??疾椴欢ü谠~。此處泛指紐約這個(gè)城市, 沒有特指的意思, 故使用不定冠詞。又因后面的internatinal為元音音素開頭。故填an。
3. 【解析】finding??疾榉侵^語動(dòng)詞。此句的謂語為have, have difficulty (in) ding sth. 為固定搭配, 意為“做某事有困難”。使用動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語。故填finding。
4. 【解析】as。考查固定搭配。句意: 然而, 中國菜, 當(dāng)?shù)厝苏J(rèn)為是他們最喜歡的, 并不是我在北京吃的中國菜。cnsider as為固定搭配, 意為“認(rèn)為……是……”。故填as。
5. 【解析】but??疾檫B詞。根據(jù)句意, 前文作者提到這些所謂的中國菜, 下文提到作者其實(shí)并沒有見過, 此處有轉(zhuǎn)折對比的意思。故填but。
6. 【解析】was given。考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。餅干是別人給我們的, 故應(yīng)使用被動(dòng)語態(tài), 又因?yàn)榇耸掳l(fā)生在過去, 故應(yīng)使用一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài), 又因是我們中的每一個(gè)人, 應(yīng)使用第三人稱單數(shù)。故填was given。
7. 【解析】thught。考查一般過去時(shí)。句意: 一開始我以為這一定是餐館的把戲。整篇文章在講述一個(gè)過去發(fā)生的經(jīng)歷, 文章的時(shí)態(tài)基調(diào)是過去時(shí), 此處無特殊情況。故填thught。
8. 【解析】laughter??疾楣潭ù钆?。句意: 他們突然大笑起來, 問道: ”你真的是中國人嗎? , 此處的笑是與前面他們沒笑作比較。且burst int laughter為固定搭配, 意為“突然大笑”。故填laughter。
9. 【解析】extremely??疾楦痹~。句意: 當(dāng)我極度想念我家鄉(xiāng)的食物時(shí), 我總是去中國城。此處extreme修飾miss, miss為動(dòng)詞, 修飾動(dòng)詞使用副詞, extreme的副詞形式為extremely。故填extremely。
10. 【解析】Fllwing。考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。fllw與主語I是主謂關(guān)系, 故用動(dòng)詞-ing形式作狀語。
Ⅳ.語法主題運(yùn)用
請根據(jù)下面漢語提示寫一篇小短文。
1. 在回家的路上, 我們看到一個(gè)大樹枝躺在馬路上。(動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語)
2. 考慮到它會(huì)帶來麻煩, 我們決定把它移走。(動(dòng)詞-ing形式分詞作原因狀語)
3. 在一些過路人的幫助之下, 我們成功地把它移到一邊。(with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu))
4. 看到我們的所作所為, 人們?yōu)槲覀儫崃夜恼啤?動(dòng)詞-ing形式作時(shí)間狀語)
On ur way hme, we saw a big branch lying n the rad. Cnsidering it might cause sme truble, we decided t mve it away. With sme passers-by helping us, we managed t remve it. Seeing what we had dne, many peple applauded warmly.
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