高考英語北師大版一輪復(fù)習(xí)教案：語法填空第二講　形容詞和副詞 Word版含解析

這是一份高考英語北師大版一輪復(fù)習(xí)教案：語法填空第二講　形容詞和副詞 Word版含解析，共7頁。
第二講　形容詞和副詞1．[2015·四川高考]Andy is content with the toy. It is________ (good) he has ever got.答案：the best　根據(jù)句意可知，空格處用形容詞的最高級，且最高級前須加定冠詞the。2．[2015·浙江高考]Most of us, if we know even a little about where our food comes from, understand that every bite put into our mouths was ________ (former) alive.答案：formerly　根據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)可知此處填副詞修飾形容詞alive。句意：要是我們對食物的來源稍有了解，我們多數(shù)人就會明白，我們吃到嘴巴里的每一口食物都曾經(jīng)是活生生的生命。3．[2014·大綱全國卷]Henry was away from home for quite a bit and ________ (rare) saw his family.答案：rarely'根據(jù)語境可知，由于離家很遠，所以很少見到他的家人。4．[2014·大綱全國卷]Raymond's parents wanted him to have ________ (good)  possible education.答案：the best'根據(jù)題干中的possible可推知設(shè)空處需用形容詞的最高級，故答案為the best。5．[2014·湖北高考]Hardly had  Sabrina finished  her words  when  Albert said ________ (sharp),  “Don't be so mean，”  pointing a finger  of warning at her.答案：sharply'本處需用副詞形式作said的狀語，故填sharply。6．[2013·天津高考]I think watching TV every evening is a waste of time－there are ________ (much) meaningful things to do.答案：more　根據(jù)題意可以判斷此處應(yīng)該與看電視相比，有更多有意義的事情可做。故填much的比較級more。7．[2013·課標(biāo)全國卷Ⅰ]It may not be a great suggestion. But before a ________ (good) one is put forward, we'll make do with it.答案：better　根據(jù)上句中“not a great suggestion”可知在一個好的辦法出現(xiàn)之前，應(yīng)為比較級。8．[2013·安徽高考]It's said that the power plant is now ________ (two) as large as what it was.答案：twice　根據(jù)句式結(jié)構(gòu)可以看出，此處考查“倍數(shù)表達法”，two的倍數(shù)表達為twice。9．[2012·課標(biāo)全國卷Ⅰ]The result is not very important to us, but if we do win, then so much the ________ (good)．答案：better　句意：結(jié)果對我們來說并不是非常重要，但是如果我們確實贏了的話，那就更好了。so much the better “那就更好了”，固定結(jié)構(gòu)。10．[2012·山東高考]Be ________ (reason)—you can't expect me to finish all this work in so little time.答案：reasonable　句意：講點道理吧——你不能指望我在如此短的時間內(nèi)完成所有的工作。Be后需用形容詞作表語。　閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。[2014·遼寧高考]Jonny: Hey!   I'm just practicing Tai  Chi (太極). Would you  like to join me?Peter: I know nothing about it. Is it difficult?Jonny: It seems easy, but you need a lot of practice. You just follow  me like this.Peter: OK. Don't laugh ___61___me. I may look funny.Jonny: Bend your knees slightly and reach out your arms like tree  branches, naturally and___62___(soft). Try to keep your body   straight. Move slowly, then be sure to keep your balance and don't let your body shake.Peter: I cannot control my body well. My legs become   ___63___(pain)．Jonny: Keep___64___(hold) your position for a while. It helps develop   your strength and flexibility. Raise your leg and let___65___   stay in the air for seconds.Peter: I feel my legs shaking. I cannot do this any longer.Jonny: Be patient!  Tai Chi___66___(call) “shadow boxing”  in English. It asks you to act like water: to be flexible as well___67___  strong. In real competition, a Tai  Chi master borrows  the strength of the competitor and uses this energy to fight   back. The___68___(hard) you try to beat him, the more likely you will get hit. He controls you!Peter: Unbelievable! Oh...,  ___69___ you don't mind, I'll stop and take a deep ___70___.Step 1：通讀全文，掌握主旨大意。本文講述的是Jonny和Peter在談?wù)搶W(xué)習(xí)打太極拳的一些動作。Step 2：逐題解答，確定答案。61．at?？疾楣潭ǘ陶Z。根據(jù)語義確定答案。62．softly。分析結(jié)構(gòu)不難發(fā)現(xiàn)空格與and前的naturally并列，可知答案。63．painful。在系動詞之后應(yīng)該填形容詞作表語，考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。64．holding?？疾?/span>keep用法。keep后應(yīng)該跟哪種動詞形式作賓語呢？65．it。考查代詞。根據(jù)語義此處代替的是上文中的your leg。66．is_called。根據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)分析，此處填謂語，注意考慮時態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致。67．as。考查固定搭配，結(jié)合語義確定答案。68．harder?？疾楣潭ň涫?/span>“the＋比較級，the＋比較級”結(jié)構(gòu)。69．if。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知兩個謂語出現(xiàn)需填連詞，將兩句子連接，結(jié)合語義確定答案。70．breath?？疾榫湟饫斫?，也是固定短語。Step 3：代入驗證。需考慮語法結(jié)構(gòu)正確且語義符合邏輯，語法結(jié)合語義才能確保萬無一失。
 知識清單(1)形容詞作定語、表語、賓補等基本功能；(2)副詞作狀語修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語及句子；(3)形容詞及副詞的級別：原級、比較級及最高級；(4)與形容詞副詞相關(guān)的固定句式；(5)形容詞及副詞的特殊用法及幾組副詞的區(qū)別。學(xué)情分析考生在形容詞和副詞的學(xué)習(xí)過程中存在著以下幾點問題：(1)考生對形容詞及副詞的基本功能不熟悉；(2)在具體語境中，對形容詞與副詞的使用容易出現(xiàn)混淆；(3)分辨不清隱性條件，導(dǎo)致比較級或最高級使用錯誤；(4)不能準(zhǔn)確熟練掌握形容詞、副詞的句式結(jié)構(gòu)。考點一　形容詞、副詞的基本功能1形容詞在句子中通常充當(dāng)(1)定語：修飾名詞或代詞；(2)表語：位于系動詞之后；(3)賓補：對賓語進行補充說明。[典例1]　[2016·浙江重點中學(xué)適應(yīng)測試]Jane was so ________ (thirst) for the news of her lost child that she was almost driven ________ (madly)．[解析]　thirsty; mad　第一空在句中作表語，填形容詞thirsty，第二空是“drive sb. mad”的變式，故空格在句中作補語，對主語進行補充說明，故填mad。[典例2]　[2016·寧夏銀川中學(xué)期中]We need to learn to make use of this ________ (value) tool to communicate and display ourselves.[解析]　valuable　該空在句中作定語修飾名詞tool，故填value的形容詞valuable。2副詞在句子中作狀語，修飾動詞，也可以修飾形容詞、其他副詞或整個句子。[典例3]　[2016·黑龍江大慶質(zhì)檢一]He jumped out of bed, pulled on some clothing, marched ________ (firm) up the stairs and walked into his neighbor's flat.[解析]　firmly　根據(jù)空格所在位置可知此處修飾動詞marched，故填副詞firmly。[典例4]　[2016·山西四校聯(lián)考二]My parents always felt that I was a good child, but ________ (fortunate), it was not to be so.[解析]　unfortunately　根據(jù)but確定此處表示不幸的是，橫線所填內(nèi)容作狀語，修飾整個句子，故填副詞unfortunately。考點二　形容詞、副詞的級別　　1形容詞/副詞原級的用法類似用法的詞：[典例5]　[2016·陜西五校一模]What a bargain! The price of this dress is not half as ________ (many) as that of the skirt.[解析]　much　本題考查“as＋adj.＋as”結(jié)構(gòu)，此處修飾不可數(shù)名詞price，故填much。2形容詞和副詞比較級的用法(1)A＋謂語＋形容詞/副詞比較級＋than＋B(2)隱性條件下的比較級用法，即：在句中沒有比較級標(biāo)志性詞than，而是通過語境來分辨是否用比較級。[典例6]　[2016·河南鄭州質(zhì)量預(yù)測一]Even ________ (early) than this, local Indians had told European travelers about a great city hidden in the trees.[解析]　earlier　根據(jù)“than”可知，此處考查副詞early的比較級，故填earlier。[典例7]　[2016·吉林實驗中學(xué)模擬一]You'd better write the report again by doing ________ (much) research and looking for figures.[解析]　more　此處說應(yīng)再寫報告，通過做研究并尋找數(shù)據(jù)。可知此處應(yīng)為比較級，表示“更多”的研究，故填 more。3表示三者或三者以上的比較應(yīng)用最高級，其結(jié)構(gòu)為“主語＋謂語＋最高級＋范圍”，通常最高級前有定冠詞“the”。[典例8]　[2016·河北唐山一中測試]Well, actually I think it was ________ (good) I had ever had at school.[解析]　the best　根據(jù)“I had ever had at school”可知用最高級。
考點三　形容詞/副詞相關(guān)句式　　1the＋形容詞/副詞比較級……，the＋形容詞/副詞比較級……The harder you work, the greater progress you will make.你越努力，取得的進步越大。2the＋比較級＋of the two (＋名詞)The taller of the two boys is my brother.兩個男孩中高個的是我弟弟。3否定詞與比較級連用表示最高級I have never spent a more worrying day since I graduated.自從我畢業(yè)以來，這是我度過的最擔(dān)心的一天。注意：?1?類似用法的結(jié)構(gòu)：can't...too＋adj./adv.＝can't...＋adj./adv.＋enough表示“無論……也不為過”。?2?英語中有些詞沒有比較級，但仍可表示比較級的意思，通常與介詞to連用，不與than共同使用，如：senior， junior， superior， inferior等。[典例9]　[2016·四川南充市一診]Mr Stevenson is great to work for—I really couldn't ask for a ________ (good) boss.[解析]　better　此處考查“否定詞與比較級”連用表最高級用法，故填better。意為：我不可能找一個更好的老板。[典例10]　[2016·福建廈門質(zhì)檢]Mr Black is very happy because the clothes made in his factory have never been ________ (popular)．[解析]　more popular　句意：布萊克先生很高興，因為他的工廠生產(chǎn)的服裝從沒像現(xiàn)在這樣受歡迎。根據(jù)題中have never(從來沒有)得知句中隱含著與過去的比較，故填more popular。4倍數(shù)表達法倍數(shù)表達法的幾種常見結(jié)構(gòu)：(1)A is＋倍數(shù)＋比較級＋than＋B(2)A is＋倍數(shù)＋as＋原級＋as＋B(3)A is＋倍數(shù)＋the＋名詞(size, length, height等)＋of＋B(4)A is＋倍數(shù)＋that＋of＋B(5)A is＋倍數(shù)＋what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句長江是珠江的三倍長。(一句多譯)①The Yangtze River is twice longer than the Pearl River.②The Yangtze River is three times as long as the Pearl River.③The Yangtze River is three times the length of the Pearl River.④The length of the Yangtze River is three times that of the Pearl River.考點四　其他特殊情況　　1修飾形容詞/副詞比較級的詞rather, much, still, even, far, by far (后置); a lot, a little, a great deal, a bit等。[典例11]　[2016·浙江重點中學(xué)適應(yīng)檢測]The college examination is rather easier this year than I have expected.翻譯：_________________________________________________[答案]　今年高考比我所預(yù)料的容易很多。2形容詞作狀語形容詞作狀語通常對句子主語的屬性或特征進行說明。[典例12]　[2016·安徽安慶一中一模]After the long journey, the three of them went back home, ________ (tire) but ________ (please)．[解析]　tired;pleased　本題考查形容詞作狀語的結(jié)構(gòu)，表明“他們?nèi)死鄄⒖鞓分?/span>”3“-ed”及“-ing”構(gòu)成的形容詞的區(qū)別在英語中，表示“使人處于某種情緒、狀態(tài)”的動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞及過去分詞，均可轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞來使用?，F(xiàn)在分詞轉(zhuǎn)化成的形容詞表“令別人處于……的情緒”，而過去分詞轉(zhuǎn)化成的形容詞表示“自身有這種情緒狀態(tài)”。常見的有：interest, surprise, satisfy, confuse, excite, disappoint, puzzle等。[典例13]　[2016·陜西渭南一模]The poor girl appeared so ________—she must have seen something ________ on her way home.  (frighten)[解析]　frightened; frightening　第一空說明小女孩自身害怕了，故填-ed的形容詞；第二空說明是令人恐懼的東西，故填-ing的形容詞。4幾組形式不同的副詞區(qū)別　　　例句：I deeply regret your misfortune.I dug deep before I found water.5連接性副詞如：furthermore, otherwise, else, moreover, though, instead, however等。6of＋抽象名詞＝抽象名詞對應(yīng)的形容詞[典例14]　[2016·廣東惠州一調(diào)]Theory without practice is of little help.(同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)＝Theory without practice is ________.[解析]　helpless　句意：沒有實踐的理論是沒有什么用的。本題考查be of＋抽象名詞＝同根形容詞。NO.1  解題步驟1.根據(jù)空格在句子中的功能和作用，來判斷該題考查內(nèi)容。2．根據(jù)考查內(nèi)容鏈接相關(guān)語法點，并根據(jù)語境來確定答案。 NO.2  解題技巧1.注意形容詞和副詞的位置(1)名詞前和系動詞后一般要使用形容詞；(2)動詞前后、助動詞后、形容詞前、句首和句尾一般使用副詞。[典例15]　[2016·甘肅蘭州質(zhì)檢]Actually, only proper amount of homework in proper form is ________ (accept)．[解析]　acceptable　根據(jù)空格位置在系動詞后可知填形容詞(注意構(gòu)詞法)。[典例16]　[2016·廣州深圳一調(diào)]He had a radio in his hand and was dancing ________ (merry) to the music.[解析]　merrily　根據(jù)空格位于動詞之后，介詞之前，可知此處填副詞。2．判斷和解答有關(guān)比較等級的題要注意以下幾點：(1)as...as之間要用原級；(2)如果兩者之間有than，或者沒有than，但上下文暗含了比較的意味時，要用比較級；(3)如果是三者或三者以上進行比較或者有in, of等介詞短語表示比較范圍，要用最高級；(4)比較級前可以有even, much, far, a great deal, a lot, a bit, a little, some, any等詞語；(5)最高級前可以有the second, the very, much the, (by) far the, nearly the, almost the等詞語。[典例17]　[2016·河南開封一模]Of all living things, human beings are the ________ (clever)．[解析]　cleverest/most clever　根據(jù)“Of all living things”可判斷此處填最高級。[典例18]　[2016·廣東省梅州一模]“Everyone is so much ________ (smart) than I am，” he thought.[解析]　smarter　根據(jù)后文的than以及much可知此處應(yīng)使用形容詞比較級。 針對語法填空題，在學(xué)習(xí)形容詞和副詞時，要注意以下幾點：1．準(zhǔn)確掌握形容詞及副詞的詞性轉(zhuǎn)換規(guī)律以及比較級和最高級變化規(guī)則，保證拼寫正確。2．熟練掌握形容詞及副詞在句中的基本功能，并有意識的觀察其位置。3．牢固掌握形容詞及副詞的等級結(jié)構(gòu)，確保結(jié)構(gòu)準(zhǔn)確無誤。4．過渡性副詞的使用不容忽視，其在語法填空中考查考生對語境的辨別能力。