?高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)題型專練（新高考）17
閱讀理解之推理判斷題
【考試方向】推理判斷題主要考查學(xué)生根據(jù)文章的字面意思，通過(guò)語(yǔ)篇邏輯關(guān)系，研究細(xì)節(jié)的暗示，推敲作者的態(tài)度，理解文章的寓意等。推理判斷題屬于主觀性較強(qiáng)的高層次閱讀理解題。做這類題時(shí)，考生應(yīng)在理解全文的基礎(chǔ)上，從文章本身所提供的信息出發(fā)，運(yùn)用邏輯思維，同時(shí)借助一定的常識(shí)進(jìn)行分析、推理、判斷。
提問(wèn)整篇文章或某句某段的含蓄意思時(shí)，問(wèn)句中都含有infer, imply, indicate, suggest (推斷，暗指)等詞。對(duì)付這類題時(shí)我們不僅要弄懂文章字面的意思，更重要的是要知道文章潛在的含義，和作者所給的提示。同時(shí)要對(duì)文章的含義和作者的暗示作合理的猜測(cè)和推論。這種問(wèn)題的提問(wèn)方式通常有：
1.From paragraph 4 we can infer that. / What can be inferred from the passage? / From the last paragraph we can infer that .
2.We can infer from the text that…/ What can we learn from…? / We can conclude from the
passage that…
3.The last sentence of the first paragraph most probably implies that.
4.The author implies that by the year 2080, .
5.To solve the present social problems the author suggests that we should.
6.The author mentions the fact that…to show.
7. This passage would most likely be found in _________?
8.The author’s attitude toward …is _________?
9. The tone of the passage can best be described as _________?
這些提問(wèn)方式的答案一般在短文中不可能直接找到，必須根據(jù)提問(wèn)中的某些關(guān)鍵字眼與短文中相應(yīng)的有關(guān)內(nèi)容加以邏輯推理或演算，從而得出某些作者并未說(shuō)明卻已在字里行間所暗含的意思及觀點(diǎn)。具體的說(shuō)，考生應(yīng)當(dāng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)：
1.首先要注意一定要忠實(shí)于原文，以文章提供的事實(shí)和線索為依據(jù)。立足已知，推斷未知，遵循“詞不離句，句不離段，段不離篇”的原則。千萬(wàn)不能主觀臆想，憑空想象，隨意揣測(cè)，更不能以自己的觀點(diǎn)代替作者的觀點(diǎn)。
2.要吃透文章的字面意思，從字里行間捕捉有用的提示和線索，這是推理的前提和基礎(chǔ)。有的推斷，考生完全可以根據(jù)文章中所闡述的細(xì)節(jié)，再結(jié)合自己所掌握的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)、有關(guān)背景知識(shí)或常識(shí)來(lái)幫助進(jìn)行分析、推敲，從而得出符合文章原意的結(jié)論。
3.要對(duì)文字的表面信息進(jìn)行挖掘加工，由表及里，由淺入深，從具體到抽象，從特殊到一般，通過(guò)分析、綜合、判斷等，進(jìn)行深層處理，合乎邏輯地推理。不能就事論事，斷章取義，以偏概全。
4. 要把握句、段之間的邏輯關(guān)系，了解語(yǔ)篇的結(jié)構(gòu)，同時(shí)還要體會(huì)文章的基調(diào)，揣摩作者的態(tài)度，摸準(zhǔn)邏輯發(fā)展方向，悟出作者的言外之意。
5.在解答推理性問(wèn)題時(shí)，一定要注意確定推理依據(jù)的位置或范圍。應(yīng)清楚所要解答的問(wèn)題需要針對(duì)某個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行推斷，還是針對(duì)主題思想、作者的意圖進(jìn)行推斷。針對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)的推斷可運(yùn)用scanning的方法，迅速在材料中確定推理依據(jù)的位置或范圍，然后再進(jìn)行推理判斷。針對(duì)主題思想作推斷時(shí)，則常常要縱覽全篇文章。
【答題技巧】
1. 細(xì)節(jié)推斷題
要求考生根據(jù)語(yǔ)篇關(guān)系，推斷具體細(xì)節(jié)，如時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物關(guān)系、人物身份、事件、具體信息等?？忌獜奈恼卤旧硭峁┑男畔⒊霭l(fā)，抓住關(guān)鍵的信息詞，運(yùn)用邏輯思維，并借助一定的常識(shí)進(jìn)行分析、推理、判斷。
【真題再現(xiàn)】（2020·北京高考真題） Certain forms of AI are indeed becoming ubiquitous. For example, algorithms (算法) carry out huge volumes of trading on our financial markets, self-driving cars are appearing on city streets, and our smartphones are translating from one language into another. These systems are sometimes faster and more perceptive than we humans are. But so far that is only true for the specific tasks for which the systems have been designed. That is something that some AI developers are now eager to change.
Some of today’s AI pioneers want to move on from today’s world of “weak” or “narrow” AI, to create “strong” or “full” AI, or what is often called artificial general intelligence (AGI). In some respects, today’s powerful computing machines already make our brains look weak. A GI could, its advocates say, work for us around the clock, and drawing on all available data, could suggest solutions to many problems. DM, a company focused on the development of AGI, has an ambition to “solve intelligence”. “If we’re successful,” their mission statement reads, “we believe this will be one of the most important and widely beneficial scientific advances ever made.”
Since the early days of AI, imagination has outpaced what is possible or even probable. In 1965, an imaginative mathematician called Irving Good predicted the eventual creation of an “ultra-intelligent machine…that can far surpass all the intellectual (智力的) activities of any man, however clever.” Good went on to suggest that “the first ultra-intelligent machine” could be “the last invention that man need ever make.”
Fears about the appearance of bad, powerful, man-made intelligent machines have been reinforced (強(qiáng)化) by many works of fiction — Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein and the Terminator film series, for example. But if AI does eventually prove to be our downfall, it is unlikely to be at the hands of human-shaped forms like these, with recognisably human motivations such as aggression (敵對(duì)行為). Instead, I agree with Oxford University philosopher Nick Bostrom, who believes that the heaviest risks from A GI do not come from a decision to turn against mankind but rather from a dogged pursuit of set objectives at the expense of everything else.
The promise and danger of true A GI are great. But all of today’s excited discussion about these possibilities presupposes the fact that we will be able to build these systems. And, having spoken to many of the world’s foremost AI researchers, I believe there is good reason to doubt that we will see A GI any time soon, if ever.
9.What does the underlined word “ubiquitous” in Paragraph I probably mean?
A.Enormous in quantity. B.Changeable daily.
C.Stable in quality. D.Present everywhere.
10.What could AGI do for us, according to its supporters?
A.Help to tackle problems. B.Make brains more active.
C.Benefit ambitious people. D.Set up powerful databases.
11.As for Irving Good’s opinion on ultra-intelligent machines, the author is ____________.
A.supportive B.disapproving
C.fearful D.uncertain
12.What can be inferred about AGI from the passage?
A.It may be only a dream.
B.It will come into being soon.
C.It will be controlled by humans.
D.It may be more dangerous than ever.
【答案】9.D 10.A 11.B 12.A
【分析】
這是一篇議論文。文章主要就通用人工智能(AGI)實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性進(jìn)行了論述。
9.詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞所在句后面的For example, algorithms (算法) carry out huge volumes of trading on our financial markets, self-driving cars are appearing on city streets, and our smartphones are translating from one language into another(例如，算法在我們的金融市場(chǎng)上進(jìn)行大量交易，自動(dòng)駕駛汽車出現(xiàn)在城市街道上，我們的智能手機(jī)正在從一種語(yǔ)言翻譯成另一種語(yǔ)言)可知，人工智能在我們生活中用處十分廣泛。由此推知，劃線詞所在句意為“某些形式的人工智能確實(shí)正在變得無(wú)處不在”，即劃線詞與D選項(xiàng)“Present everywhere.(在任何地方存在)”意思接近。故選D項(xiàng)。
10.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段AGI could, its advocates say, work for us around the clock, and drawing on all available data, could suggest solutions to many problems(AGI的倡導(dǎo)者說(shuō)，AGI可以24小時(shí)為我們工作，并利用所有可用的數(shù)據(jù)，可以提出許多問(wèn)題的解決方案)可知，AGI(通用人工智能)的倡導(dǎo)者認(rèn)為，AGI(通用人工智能)可以提出許多問(wèn)題的解決方案，幫助我們解決問(wèn)題。因此，A選項(xiàng)“Help to tackle problems(幫助解決問(wèn)題)”符合題意。故選A項(xiàng)。
11.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段Since the early days of AI, imagination has outpaced what is possible or even probable. In 1965, an imaginative mathematician called Irving Good predicted the eventual creation of an “ultra-intelligent machine…that can far surpass all the intellectual (智力的) activities of any man, however clever.”(自從人工智能的早期，想象力已經(jīng)超過(guò)了可能。1965年，一位富有想象力的數(shù)學(xué)家歐文·古德預(yù)言，最終將創(chuàng)造出一臺(tái)“超智能機(jī)器……它將遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)任何一個(gè)人的智力活動(dòng)，無(wú)論他有多聰明?！?可知，作者認(rèn)為Irving Good對(duì)“超智能機(jī)器”的想象力超出了實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能，作者并不贊成他的觀點(diǎn)，因此B項(xiàng)“disapproving(不贊成)”符合題意。故選B項(xiàng)。
12.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一句And, having spoken to many of the world's foremost AI researchers, I believe there is good reason to doubt that we will see A GI any time soon, if ever. (而且，在與世界上許多頂尖的人工智能研究人員交談后，我相信有充分的理由懷疑我們是否會(huì)很快看到AGI)可推斷出，通用人工智能（AGI）或許只是一個(gè)夢(mèng)想，A選項(xiàng)“It may be only a dream(它也許僅僅是一個(gè)夢(mèng)想)”符合題意。故選擇A項(xiàng)。
2. 因果推斷題
要求考生根據(jù)已知結(jié)果推測(cè)導(dǎo)致結(jié)果的可能原因或根據(jù)已有的原因推斷可能的結(jié)果?？忌獪?zhǔn)確掌握文章的內(nèi)涵，理解文章的真正含義。最關(guān)鍵的是要找準(zhǔn)事物間存在的因果關(guān)系信息，根據(jù)已有信息，進(jìn)行分析判斷推理，從而推出最符合邏輯的原因或判斷出最可能導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果。
【真題再現(xiàn)】（2020·海南高考真題）Rainforests are home to a rich variety of medicinal plants, food, birds and animals. Can you believe that a single bush（灌木叢）in the Amazon may have more species of ants than the whole of Britain! About 480 varieties of trees may be found in just one hectare of rainforest.
Rainforests are the lungs of the planet-storing vast quantities of carbon dioxide and producing a significant amount of the world's oxygen. Rainforests have their own perfect system for ensuring their own survival; the tall trees make a canopy（樹(shù)冠層）of branches and leaves which protect themselves, smaller plants, and the forest animals from heavy rain, intense dry heat from the sun and strong winds.
Amazingly, the trees grow in such a way that their leaves and branches, although close together, never actually touch those of another tree. Scientists think this is the plants' way to prevent the spread of any tree diseases and make life more difficult for leaf-eating insects like caterpillars. To survive in the forest, animals must climb, jump or fly across the gaps. The ground floor of the forest is not all tangled leaves and bushes, like in films, but is actually fairly clear. It is where dead leaves turn into food for the trees and other forest life.
They are not called rainforests for nothing! Rainforests can generate 75%of their own rain. At least 80 inches of rain a year is normal-and in some areas there may be as much as 430 inches of rain annually. This is real rain-your umbrella may protect you in a shower, but it won't keep you dry if there is a full rainstorm. In just two hours, streams can rise ten to twenty feet. The humidity（濕氣）of large rainforests contributes to the formation of rainclouds that may travel to other countries in need of rain.
1.What can we learn about rainforests from the first paragraph?
A.They produce oxygen. B.They cover a vast area.
C.They are well managed. D.They are rich in wildlife.
2.Which of the following contributes most to the survival of rainforests?
A.Heavy rains B.Big trees.
C.Small plants. D.Forest animals.
3.Why do the leaves and branches of different trees avoid touching each other?
A.For more sunlight. B.For more growing space.
C.For self-protection. D.For the detection of insects.
4.What can be a suitable title for the text?
A.Life-Giving Rainforests B.The Law of the Jungle
C.Animals in the Amazon D.Weather in Rainforests
【答案】1.D 2.B 3.C 4.A
【分析】
本文是說(shuō)明文。熱帶雨林被稱為“世界上最大的藥房”，因?yàn)槌^(guò)25%的現(xiàn)代藥物是由其植物提煉。熱帶雨林也享有“地球之肺”的美譽(yù)，因其植物的光合作用凈化地球空氣的能力尤為強(qiáng)大。僅亞馬遜熱帶雨林產(chǎn)生的氧氣就占全球氧氣總量的1/3。
1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段Rainforests are home to a rich variety of medicinal plants, food, birds and animals.得知，熱帶雨林蘊(yùn)藏了豐富多彩的藥用植物、食物以及鳥(niǎo)禽猛獸?？芍?，熱帶雨林有豐富的野生動(dòng)物，故選D。
2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段Rainforests have their own perfect system for ensuring their own survival; the tall trees make a canopy（樹(shù)冠層）of branches and leaves which protect themselves, smaller plants, and the forest animals from heavy rain, intense dry heat from the sun and strong winds.得知，熱帶雨林有自己完美的生存體系，高大的樹(shù)木有枝干，樹(shù)葉的樹(shù)冠層保護(hù)樹(shù)木本身、小植物、動(dòng)物們免受大雨和太陽(yáng)強(qiáng)風(fēng)帶來(lái)的干燥熱浪的傷害。可知，大樹(shù)有助于熱帶雨林生存，故選B。
3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段Scientists think this is the plants' way to prevent the spread of any tree diseases and make life more difficult for leaf-eating insects like caterpillars.得知，科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為這是植物阻止任何樹(shù)木疾病擴(kuò)散和讓比如毛毛蟲(chóng)這種食用樹(shù)葉的昆蟲(chóng)難以生存。可以判斷出不同樹(shù)木的樹(shù)葉和樹(shù)枝避免彼此觸碰是為了自我保護(hù)，故選C。
4.主旨大意題。本文首先講述了熱帶雨林蘊(yùn)藏了豐富多彩的藥用植物、食物以及鳥(niǎo)禽猛獸。其次，熱帶雨林就是地球的肺——它吸納了大量的二氧化碳，并制造了全球氧氣的很大部分。然后，雨林可以自我形成所需降雨的75%，而龐大的熱帶雨林濕氣則可以形成雨云，這些雨云則可以飄往那些缺雨水的國(guó)家?？梢耘袛喑霰疚淖罴褬?biāo)題是“給予生命的熱帶雨林”，故選A。
3. 人物性格、心情處境、態(tài)度及觀點(diǎn)等推斷題
高考閱讀測(cè)試中有些題目考查學(xué)生對(duì)文章作者的主導(dǎo)思想、被描寫人物語(yǔ)氣、言談話語(yǔ)中流露的情緒、性格傾向和作用或文中人物的態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)等方面的理解。做這一類題時(shí)一定注意：
（1）由表及里地準(zhǔn)確把握字里行間的意思，切勿用自己的主觀想法或觀點(diǎn)代替作者的思想觀點(diǎn)。
（2）特別注意那些描寫環(huán)境氣氛的語(yǔ)言，以及表達(dá)感情，態(tài)度觀點(diǎn)的詞語(yǔ)。要特別注意作者在文章中的措辭，尤其是感情色彩的形容詞。
（3）能結(jié)合自己平時(shí)積累的有關(guān)英語(yǔ)國(guó)家的文化傳統(tǒng)、風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣等背景知識(shí)來(lái)識(shí)別評(píng)價(jià)。
干擾項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)：
1. 是自己的某種看法或觀點(diǎn)
2. 是社會(huì)的一種普遍種傾向
3. 是與本文無(wú)關(guān)或與作者相反的觀點(diǎn)或看法等
解題技巧：
1. 問(wèn)全文主體事物的(包括主題)，可以根據(jù)闡述主題或有關(guān)主體事物的相關(guān)句中表達(dá)感情色彩的形容詞、副詞或動(dòng)詞確定作者的態(tài)度；
2. 如果問(wèn)的是對(duì)某一具體事物的態(tài)度，則可以定位到具體相關(guān)句，然后確定答案。
【真題再現(xiàn)】（2020·海南高考真題）The end of the school year was in sight and spirits were high. I was back teaching after an absence of 15 years, dealing with the various kinds of "forbidden fruit" that come out of book bags. Now was the spring of the water pistol.
I decided to think up a method of dealing with forbidden fruit.
"Please bring that pistol to me," I said. "I'm going to put it in my Grandma's Box."
"What's that?" they asked.
"It's a large wooden chest full of toys for my grandchildren," I replied,
"You don't have grandchildren," someone said.
"I don't now." I replied. "But someday I will. When I do, my box will be full of wonderful things for them."
My imaginary Grandma's Box worked like magic that spring, and later. Sometimes. students would ask me to describe all the things I had in it. Then I would try to remember the different possessions I supposedly had taken away—since I seldom actually kept them. Usually the offender would appear at the end of the day, and I would return the belonging.
The-years went by, and my first grandchild Gordon was born. I shared my joy with that year's class. Then someone said, "Now you can use your Grandma's Box." From then on instead of coming to ask their possessions back, the students would say, "That's okay. Put it in your Grandma's Box for Gordon."
I loved talking about the imaginary box, not only with my students but also with my own children. They enjoyed hearing about all the forbidden fruit I had collected. Then one Christmas I received a surprise gift—a large, beautifully made wooden chest. My son Bruce had made my Grandma's Box a reality.
5.What was the author's purpose in having the conversation with the students?
A.To collect the water pistol. B.To talk about her grandchildren.
C.To recommend some toys. D.To explain her teaching method.
6.What do the underlined words "the offender" in paragraph 8 refer to?
A.The student's parent. B.The maker of the Grandma's Box.
C.The author's grandchild. D.The owner of the forbidden fruit.
7.What did the students do after they learned about the birth of Gordon?
A.They went to play with the baby. B.They asked to see the Grandma's Box.
C.They made a present for Gordon. D.They stopped asking their toys back.
8.What can we infer about the author?
A.She enjoys telling jokes. B.She is a strict and smart teacher.
C.She loves doing woodwork. D.She is a responsible grandmother
【答案】5.A 6.D 7.D 8.B
【分析】
這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講敘了作者為收集學(xué)生們帶到學(xué)校的玩具，想出了一個(gè)“奶奶的盒子”的辦法。到后來(lái)，作者的第一個(gè)孫子出生，學(xué)生們也不再來(lái)要求歸還他們的財(cái)物了，作者也在某一年圣誕節(jié)收到了兒子制作的大木箱，將“奶奶的盒子”變成了現(xiàn)實(shí)。
5.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“I was back teaching after an absence of 15 years, dealing with the various kinds of "forbidden fruit" that come out of book bags. Now was the spring of the water pistol.(在缺席了15年之后，我又回到了教書的地方，處理從書包里掏出的各種各樣的“禁果”?，F(xiàn)在流行的是水槍)”以及第三段中“‘Please bring that pistol to me,’ I said. ‘I'm going to put it in my Grandma's Box.’(“請(qǐng)把那支水槍給我，”我說(shuō)?！拔乙阉旁谖摇棠痰暮凶印??！?”由此可知，作者與學(xué)生進(jìn)行對(duì)話的目的是收集水槍。故選A。
6.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞后文“I would return the belonging”結(jié)合上文提到作者把學(xué)生帶到學(xué)校的玩具稱為“禁果”，且作者的“盒子”里裝的就是“禁果”，所以作者等到這些禁果的擁有者在一天結(jié)束的時(shí)候出現(xiàn)，然后就會(huì)歸還他們的物品。由此可知，劃線詞意思為“禁果的擁有者”。故選D。
7.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“From then on instead of coming to ask their possessions back, the students would say, ‘That's okay. Put it in your Grandma's Box for Gordon.’(從那時(shí)起，學(xué)生們不再來(lái)要求歸還他們的財(cái)物，而是說(shuō)：“沒(méi)關(guān)系。把它放在你“奶奶給戈登的盒子”里)”由此可知，學(xué)生們?cè)诘弥烁甑堑某錾?，他們不再索要玩具。故選D。
8.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章中作者要收集學(xué)生們從書包里掏出的各種各樣的“禁果”，說(shuō)明作者對(duì)待學(xué)生很嚴(yán)格；同時(shí)作者又想出了“奶奶的盒子”這個(gè)的方法來(lái)收集學(xué)生們的玩具，說(shuō)明作者很聰明，由此可推知，作者是一個(gè)嚴(yán)格而聰明的老師。故選B。
4. 篇章結(jié)構(gòu)推斷題
根據(jù)不同文章的內(nèi)容和寫作目的，作者會(huì)采取記敘、描寫、議論、說(shuō)明或應(yīng)用文體。作者也會(huì)采用敘述、例證、比較對(duì)照等不同的組織結(jié)構(gòu)。不同文體的閱讀難度、要求和任務(wù)不同，閱讀方法也應(yīng)不同。增強(qiáng)對(duì)篇章結(jié)構(gòu)的理解能力有助于提高閱讀質(zhì)量。
【真題再現(xiàn)】Have you ever wondered why birds sing? Maybe you thought that they were just happy. After all, you probably sing or whistle when you are happy.
Some scientists believe that birds do sing some of the time just because they are happy. However, they sing most of the time for a very different reason. Their singing is actually a warning to other birds to stay out of their territory.
…
1. How does the writer explain birds’ singing?
A. By comparing birds with human beings.
B. By reporting experiment results.
C. By describing birds’ daily life.
D. By telling a bird’s story.
【答案】A
【解析】由文章第一、二兩段可知作者是把鳥(niǎo)兒和人類進(jìn)行對(duì)比。
5. 文章結(jié)論推斷題
由具體到一般，對(duì)已知的事實(shí)進(jìn)行歸納總結(jié)性推斷稱為結(jié)論。
【真題再現(xiàn)】（2020·江蘇高考真題）For those who can stomach it, working out before breakfast may be more beneficial for health than eating first, according to a study of meal timing and physical activity.
Athletes and scientists have long known that meal timing affects performance. However, far less has been known about how meal timing and exercise might affect general health.
To find out, British scientists conducted a study. They first found 10 overweight and inactive but otherwise healthy young men, whose lifestyles are, for better and worse, representative of those of most of us. They tested the men’s fitness and resting metabolic (新陳代謝的) rates and took samples (樣品) of their blood and fat tissue.
Then, on two separate morning visits to the scientists’ lab, each man walked for an hour at an average speed that, in theory, should allow his body to rely mainly on fat for fuel. Before one of these workouts, the men skipped breakfast, meaning that they exercised on a completely empty stomach after a long overnight fast (禁食). On the other occasion, they ate a rich morning meal about two hours before they started walking.
Just before and an hour after each workout, the scientists took additional samples of the men’s blood and fat tissue.
Then they compared the samples. There were considerable differences. Most obviously, the men displayed lower blood sugar levels at the start of their workouts when they had skipped breakfast than when they had eaten. As a result, they burned more fat during walks on an empty stomach than when they had eaten first. On the other hand, they burned slightly more calories (卡路里), on average, during the workout after breakfast than after fasting.
But it was the effects deep within the fat cells that may have been the most significant, the researchers found. Multiple genes behaved differently, depending on whether someone had eaten or not before walking. Many of these genes produce proteins (蛋白質(zhì)) that can improve blood sugar regulation and insulin (胰島素) levels throughout the body and so are associated with improved metabolic health. These genes were much more active when the men had fasted before exercise than when they had breakfasted.
The implication of these results is that to gain the greatest health benefits from exercise, it may be wise to skip eating first.
13.The underlined expression “stomach it” in Paragraph 1 most probably means “______”.
A.digest the meal easily B.manage without breakfast
C.decide wisely what to eat D.eat whatever is offered
14.Why were the 10 people chosen for the experiment?
A.Their lifestyles were typical of ordinary people.
B.Their lack of exercise led to overweight.
C.They could walk at an average speed.
D.They had slow metabolic rates.
15.What happened to those who ate breakfast before exercise?
A.They successfully lost weight. B.They consumed a bit more calories.
C.They burned more fat on average. D.They displayed higher insulin levels.
16.What could be learned from the research?
A.A workout after breakfast improves gene performances.
B.Too much workout often slows metabolic rates.
C.Lifestyle is not as important as morning exercise.
D.Physical exercise before breakfast is better for health.
【答案】13.B 14.A 15.B 16.D
【分析】
本文是說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了一項(xiàng)研究，結(jié)果表明對(duì)于那些能忍受的人來(lái)說(shuō)，不吃早餐鍛煉可能對(duì)健康更有益。
13.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)下文working out before breakfast may be more beneficial for health than eating first可知，早餐前鍛煉可能比先吃飯?jiān)馘憻拰?duì)健康更有益，因此推斷這里說(shuō)的是那些不吃早飯先鍛煉的人，因此推斷劃線詞與B項(xiàng)“不吃早飯能應(yīng)付”意思相近。故選B。
14.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的They first found 10 overweight and inactive but otherwise healthy young men, whose lifestyles are far better and worse, representative of those of most of us.可知，他們首先找到了10個(gè)超重的，不活躍但健康的年輕人，他們的生活方式可以說(shuō)更好，也可以說(shuō)更糟，代表了我們大多數(shù)人。因此可知，實(shí)驗(yàn)時(shí)選擇的10個(gè)人的生活方式代表了普通人。故選A。
15.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段的As a result, they burned more fat during walks on an empty stomach than when they had eaten first. On the other hand. they burned slightly more calories(卡路里), on average, during the workout after breakfast than after fasting.可知，結(jié)果，他們空腹散步時(shí)燃燒的脂肪比他們首先吃東西時(shí)所燃燒的脂肪要多。 另一方面。平均而言，他們?cè)谠绮秃箦憻挄r(shí)燃燒的卡路里略多于禁食后。因此可知，鍛煉前吃早飯消耗更多一點(diǎn)的熱量。故選B。
16.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段The implication of these results is that to gain the greatest health benefits from exercise, it may be wise to skip eating first.可知，這些結(jié)果的暗示，為了從運(yùn)動(dòng)中獲得最大的健康益處，先不吃東西可能更明智。因此推斷早飯前的體育鍛煉對(duì)健康更有益。故選D。
【題型演練】
1
Claire Wyatt, a 24-year-old British volunteer, led eight Cambodians living with disabilities on a 155-mile bike ride from Phnom Penh, the nation’s capital, to Siem Reap to raise money and deliver supplies to those in need in the coronavirus pandemic(新冠病毒大流行).
“Leading this trip was an incredibly special experience for me,” said Claire. “Not only was I encouraged by the determination of each and every rider, but also the team taught me every day not to focus on their disability.”
When she was first asked to lead the trip, Claire admitted, she was feeling nervous about her team traveling such a distance in just a few days because cycling with a disability can come with added physical and emotional challenges.
One team member named Dy, who lost an arm in an accident, biked using just one arm to balance. Another named Vulta could only pedal on one side due to polio(小兒麻痹). Despite all the difficulties, Claire realized quickly that she didn’t have to worry about her team. She saw them deal with rough area that she had seen abled cyclists give up on before.
The volunteers covered the distance in just four days, not only helping so many people across the country, but also overcoming huge difficulties to get there.
“The best thing about this ride is that the riders have all volunteered their time to do this. They are so enthusiastic about Cambodia and raising money for others in need,” said Claire. “The money raised will feed 99 families in Siem Reap.”
Claire recalled her favorite moment of the experience, when one of the cyclists pushed an exhausted teammate up a hill for 2 miles. “One moment that stood out for me was when Naret, our only female rider, was feeling tired,” she said. “Her fellow rider gently put his hand on her back and pushed her for 2 miles! They were encouraging each other to push through the tiredness.”
1. Why did Claire and eight Cambodians cycle 155 miles?
A. To challenge themselves. B. To help out needy people.
C. To take part in a competition. D. To raise money for the disabled.
2. What worried Claire before the ride?
A. She might be injured on the road.
B. She would be unable to lead the team.
C. Her team might be looked down on.
D. Her team couldn’t finish the route.
3. Which of the following can best describe the team?
A. Confident, calm and friendly.
B. Honest, patient and open-minded.
C. Strong-minded, brave and caring.
D. Curious, creative and experienced.
4. What did Claire think of the journey?
A. It could have taken less time.
B. It was amazing and inspiring.
C. It changed her idea about human nature.
D. It was more difficult than she had expected.
【答案】1. B 2. D 3. C 4. B
【解析】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了24歲的英國(guó)志愿者Claire Wyatt帶領(lǐng)8名柬埔寨殘疾人，從柬埔寨首都金邊騎行155英里，到Siem Reap籌集資金，并為那些在冠狀病毒大流行中需要幫助的人提供物資的故事。
1. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Claire Wyatt, a 24-year-old British volunteer, led eight Cambodians living with disabilities on a 155-mile bike ride from Phnom Penh, the nation’s capital, to Siem Reap to raise money and deliver supplies to those in need in the coronavirus pandemic(新冠病毒大流行).”（ 24歲的英國(guó)志愿者Claire Wyatt帶領(lǐng)8名柬埔寨殘疾人，從柬埔寨首都金邊騎行155英里，到Siem Reap籌集資金，并為那些在冠狀病毒大流行中需要幫助的人提供物資。）可知，Claire和8個(gè)柬埔寨人騎行155英里是為了幫助那些需要幫助的人。故選B項(xiàng)。
2. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“When she was first asked to lead the trip, Claire admitted, she was feeling nervous about ... with a disability can come with added physical and emotional challenges.”（Claire承認(rèn)，當(dāng)她第一次被要求帶領(lǐng)這次旅行時(shí)，她對(duì)她的團(tuán)隊(duì)在短短幾天內(nèi)走這么遠(yuǎn)的路程感到緊張，因?yàn)闅埣踩蓑T自行車可能會(huì)帶來(lái)額外的身體和情感上的挑戰(zhàn)。）可知，她擔(dān)心她的團(tuán)隊(duì)不能完成這么遠(yuǎn)的路程。故選D項(xiàng)。
3. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“One team member named Dy, who lost an arm in an accident, biked using just ... ... that she had seen abled cyclists give up on before.”（一個(gè)名叫Dy的隊(duì)員在一次事故中失去了一只手臂，他騎自行車只用一只手臂來(lái)保持平衡。另一個(gè)名叫 Vulta 的人由于脊髓灰質(zhì)炎只能一邊蹬踏。盡管困難重重，克萊爾很快意識(shí)到她不必?fù)?dān)心她的團(tuán)隊(duì)。她看到他們處理崎嶇的地區(qū)，她以前見(jiàn)過(guò)健全的騎自行車的人會(huì)放棄。）和第五段“The volunteers covered the distance in just four days, not only helping so many people across the country, but also overcoming huge difficulties to get there.”（ 志愿者們僅用了四天的時(shí)間就跑完了全程，不僅幫助了全國(guó)各地這么多的人，而且克服了巨大的困難。）以及第六段中Claire 所說(shuō)的話“The best thing about this ride is that the riders have all volunteered their time to do this. They are so...in Siem Reap.”（這次騎行最好的一點(diǎn)是，騎手們都自愿花時(shí)間來(lái)做這件事。他們對(duì)柬埔寨充滿熱情，為其他需要幫助的人籌集資金?；I集到的資金將供應(yīng)Siem Reap省的99個(gè)家庭。）可知，這是一個(gè)有堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的意志，勇敢而有愛(ài)心的團(tuán)隊(duì)。故選C項(xiàng)。
4. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中Claire 所說(shuō)的話“Leading this trip was an incredibly special experience for me. Not only was I encouraged by the determination of each and every rider, but also the team taught me every day not to focus on their disability.”(領(lǐng)導(dǎo)這次旅行對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)是一次難以置信的特殊經(jīng)歷。每位車手的決心不僅鼓舞了我，車隊(duì)也每天教導(dǎo)我不要把注意力集中在他們的殘疾上。)以及后文所描述的團(tuán)隊(duì)經(jīng)歷，可知Claire認(rèn)為這次旅行是令人驚異并鼓舞人心的。故選B項(xiàng)。
2
Money might not grow on trees, but scientists have confirmed that gold is found in the leaves of some plants. Researchers from Australia say that the presence of the particles (顆粒) in a eucalyptus (桉樹(shù)) tree’s leaves shows that deposits (礦藏) are buried many meters below. They believe that the discovery offers a new way to find the valuable metal in difficult-to-reach areas.
Dr Mel Lintern said: “We have found a lot of the easy particles in Australia in this way. Now we are trying to find the more difficult ones that are buried tens of meters below. And the trees are providing us with a method to be able to do this.”
Using a vast machine that uses X-rays to explore matter in detail—they found gold in the leaves and small thin branches.
“We need 500 eucalyptus trees growing over a gold deposit to have enough gold in the tress themselves to make a gold ring,” said Dr Lintern. However the presence of the particles pointed to richer deposits buried more than 30m below. He added, “We believe that the trees are acting like a pump(水泵). They are bringing life-giving water from their roots, and in doing so, they are taking smaller gold particles up into the leaves.”
The scientists said that research on plants could offer a better and simpler method to discover gold deposits. Dr Lintern said: “Not only do we believe it is a way of saving the exploration cost, because exploring for these deposits can be quite expensive, it also reduces the damage to the environment because we are taking a very small amount from the trees themselves, as well as the leaves and branches on the ground. The plant-analyzing(解析) method is certain to work!”
5. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?
A. A New Way to Protect Metal Deposits.
B. Newly-discovered Gold Deposits.
C. Gold in Trees leading to Hidden Deposits.
D. Gold Found in Eucalyptus Trees in Australia.
6. From paragraph 3, we can know that __________.
A. the amount of the valuable metal in a eucalyptus tree’s leaves was very small
B. a pump takes smaller gold particles up into the leaves
C. a tree growing over a gold deposit have enough gold to make a gold ring
D. the roots can take water and deposits up into the leaves
7. Which of the following cannot describe the planting-analyzing method?
A. useless B. cheap C. environmentally-friendly D. simple
8. We can infer that Dr. Lintern_____________.
A. is doubtful about the plant-analyzing method
B. is confident of the plant-analyzing method
C. is very satisfied with what he has achieved in mining
D. is tired of discovering gold deposits in the wild
【答案】5. C 6. A 7. A 8. B
【解析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章說(shuō)明了科學(xué)家證明在一些植物的葉子中可以發(fā)現(xiàn)黃金，研究證明桉樹(shù)葉子中顆粒的存在表明沉積物埋在地下許多米。這一發(fā)現(xiàn)為在難以到達(dá)的地區(qū)找到這種有價(jià)值的金屬提供了一種新方法。
5. 主旨大意題。文章說(shuō)明了科學(xué)家證明在一些植物的葉子中可以發(fā)現(xiàn)黃金，研究證明桉樹(shù)葉子中顆粒的存在表明沉積物埋在地下許多米。這一發(fā)現(xiàn)為在難以到達(dá)的地區(qū)找到這種有價(jià)值的金屬提供了一種新方法。由此可知，短文的最佳標(biāo)題為“樹(shù)里的金子通向隱藏的礦藏”。故選C項(xiàng)。
6. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Using a vast machine that uses X-rays to explore matter in detail—they found gold in the leaves and small thin branches.（他們使用一臺(tái)使用x射線的大型機(jī)器來(lái)詳細(xì)探索物質(zhì)，在樹(shù)葉和細(xì)小的樹(shù)枝上發(fā)現(xiàn)了黃金。）”可知，通過(guò)使用x射線的大型機(jī)器進(jìn)行詳細(xì)探索，在樹(shù)葉和細(xì)小的樹(shù)枝上發(fā)現(xiàn)了黃金，可以推斷，桉樹(shù)葉子中貴重金屬的含量非常小。故選A項(xiàng)。
7. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“research on plants could offer a better and simpler method to discover gold deposits.（對(duì)植物的研究可以為發(fā)現(xiàn)金礦提供一種更好、更簡(jiǎn)便的方法。）”可知，植物解析方法是簡(jiǎn)單的。根據(jù)“it is a way of saving the exploration cost（這是節(jié)約勘探成本的一種方法）”可知，植物解析方法是便宜的。根據(jù)“it also reduces the damage to the environment（它也減少了對(duì)環(huán)境的破壞）”可知，植物解析方法是保護(hù)環(huán)境的。故“沒(méi)用的”無(wú)法描述種植解析方法。故選A項(xiàng)。
8. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段Dr. Lintern 所說(shuō)的話“The plant-analyzing(解析) method is certain to work!（植物解析法一定會(huì)起作用的?。笨芍?，Dr. Lintern對(duì)植物解析方法很有信心。故選B項(xiàng)。
3
When our second baby was coining, I couldn’t help worrying about my older daughter. Would the introduction of a sibling(兄弟姐妹) be a problem for her? Would she like a sibling? My husband and I read all the books we could find on preparing for a sibling and came up with a plan of action to help our daughter get used to it.
Our plan went really smoothly for the first year of our daughters, living together. But as the little one grew and became a person with opinions and feet that walked and hands that could pick up toys easily, things got more difficult.
Having more than one kid is a management challenge — one I failed at daily. I immediately turned to a bestseller Siblings Without Rivalry by Adele Faber and Elaine Mazlish — and it was helpful. But it paid more attention to older siblings and those who are closer in age than our two.
And, then, two months ago I received a copy of Dr. Laura Markham’s Peaceful Parent, Happy Siblings, and it changed my parenting forever. It is a step-by-step guide to calming conflict and creating connection and even friendship between siblings. From laying the groundwork for emotional connection so kids are less likely to act out on their siblings, to managing fights, this is a great guide to helping your kids get along. And it actually includes examples you can relate to.
My husband and I are parenting differently and better since reading it. The book is of practical value and really worth reading. If you are thinking of adding another child to your family or you have trouble with the ones you have pick it up.
9. What worried the author?
A. When to have a second baby.
B. How to balance her work and life.
C. Whether her second baby would be healthy.
D. Whether her older daughter would accept a sibling.
10. How did their plan work when the second kid grew older?
A. It turned out rather rewarding. B. It proved quite reasonable.
C. It didn’t function effectively. D. It was very efficient.
11. What did the author think of the book Siblings Without Rivalry?
A. It was not helpful at all. B. It didn’t work so well for her family.
C. It eased conflicts in the family. D. It worsened her parenting problems.
12. What’s the author’s purpose in writing this text?
A. To entertain readers with family stories.
B. To inform readers of parenting problems.
C. To recommend a book to potential readers.
D. To warn parents of the cost of raising kids.
【答案】9. D 10. C 11. B 12. C
【解析】這是一篇記敘文。作者講述了在第二個(gè)女兒成長(zhǎng)過(guò)程中，經(jīng)過(guò)不斷摸索，終于發(fā)現(xiàn)Laura Markham博士的書《平和的父母，快樂(lè)的兄弟姐妹》有效地提供了適合她家庭的教育方式。
9. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“ Would the introduction of a sibling(兄弟姐妹) be a problem for her? Would she like a sibling? (有個(gè)兄弟姐妹的介紹對(duì)她來(lái)說(shuō)會(huì)是個(gè)問(wèn)題嗎?她想要一個(gè)兄弟姐妹嗎?)”可知，作者擔(dān)心的是她的大女兒是否愿意再要一個(gè)兄弟姐妹。故選D項(xiàng)。
10. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“But as the little one grew and became a person with opinions and feet that walked and hands that could pick up toys easily, things got more difficult. (但是，當(dāng)這個(gè)小家伙長(zhǎng)大，成為一個(gè)有想法、腳可以走路、手可以很容易地拿起玩具的人，事情變得越來(lái)越困難。)”可知，第二個(gè)孩子長(zhǎng)大后，他們的計(jì)劃沒(méi)有有效地發(fā)揮作用。故選C項(xiàng)。
11. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“ I immediately turned to a bestseller Siblings Without Rivalry by Adele Faber and Elaine Mazlish — and it was helpful. But it paid more attention to older siblings and those who are closer in age than our two. (我立刻看了Adele Faber和Elaine Mazlish的暢銷書《沒(méi)有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的兄弟姐妹》——這本書很有幫助。但它更多地關(guān)注年長(zhǎng)的兄弟姐妹和那些比我們兩個(gè)女兒年齡相近的人。)”可知，《沒(méi)有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的兄弟姐妹》這本書對(duì)作者的家庭來(lái)說(shuō)，不是很起作用。故選B項(xiàng)。
12. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“The book is of practical value and really worth reading. If you are thinking of adding another child to your family or you have trouble with the ones you have pick it up. (這本書很實(shí)用，確實(shí)值得一讀。如果你正在考慮再要一個(gè)孩子，或者你對(duì)已經(jīng)生的孩子有困難，就可以拿起它來(lái)。)”可知，作者寫這篇文章的目的是向潛在的讀者推薦《平和的父母，快樂(lè)的兄弟姐妹》這本書。故選C項(xiàng)。
4
Electric cars with heavy batteries should face higher taxes due to harmful particles(小顆粒) released by their tyres and their impact on the road surface, experts have recommended.
It is known that switching to electric cars will remove pollutants from exhausts(廢氣). However, models with large batteries capable of travelling 300 miles between charges emit(排放）up to 8 percent more particles from tyres and road wear than petrol cars, according to a report by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. It says electric vehicles should also be charged tolls(過(guò)路費(fèi)) aimed at reducing emissions.
Drivers could also be encouraged to buy lighter electric cars by linking vehicle taxes to weight, the Paris-based think tank(專家組) adds. It calls for a “reevaluation of the net environmental benefits” of electric cars and suggests that they should not be given “blanket support”. “Road traffic regulations should consider both exhaust and non - exhaust emissions from all vehicles and should take into account factors like vehicle weight and tyre composition, it says. “While exhaust emissions are heavily regulated, there are no limits on the pollution a car can cause from tyres, brakes and road surfaces. With strict controls on tailpipe emissions and rapid development of electric vehicles, non — exhaust emissions are quickly becoming the major source of particles from road transport,” the think tank says.
Electric cars are almost ￡90 cheaper to insure than petrol cars due to electric cars having fewer moving parts, which makes them less likely to break down, according to a study by Compare the market, the price comparison website.
13. Why should electric cars with heavy batteries face higher taxes?
A. Because they are more expensive.
B. Because they release more exhausts.
C. Because their tyres threaten the environment.
D. Because their batteries need charging frequently.
14. What can we learn about electric cars from Paragraph 2?
A. Their drivers don’t pay tolls at present.
B. They emit 8 percent less particles than petrol cars.
C. They can remove pollutants from exhausts and batteries.
D. Their power can be switched between electricity and petrol.
15. Which of the following will the think tank support?
A. Electric vehicle taxes should be decided by its cost.
B. The pollution caused from car brakes can be ignored.
C. Tailpipe emissions are still the major source of particles.
D. The benefits of electric cars to the environment are over estimated.
16. What accounts for cheaper insurance of electric cars?
A. Fewer vehicle failures. B. Better tyre composition.
C. Lower vehicle weight. D. More advanced functions.
【答案】13. C14. A15. D16. A
【解析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了專家建議使用重電池的電動(dòng)汽車應(yīng)面臨更高的稅收，因?yàn)樗鼈兊妮喬メ尫庞泻Φ念w粒，影響路面，威脅環(huán)境。
13. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Electric cars with heavy batteries should face higher taxes due to harmful particles(小顆粒) released by their tyres and their impact on the road surface, experts have recommended. (專家建議，由于輪胎釋放的有害顆粒和對(duì)路面的影響，使用重電池的電動(dòng)汽車應(yīng)面臨更高的稅收。)”可知，重電池的電動(dòng)汽車要面臨更高的稅收，因?yàn)樗鼈兊妮喬ネ{環(huán)境。故選C項(xiàng)。
14. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“It says electric vehicles should also be charged tolls(過(guò)路費(fèi)) aimed at reducing emissions. (該組織表示，電動(dòng)汽車也應(yīng)該征收通行費(fèi)，以減少排放。)”可推知電動(dòng)汽車的司機(jī)現(xiàn)在不用交過(guò)路費(fèi)。故選A項(xiàng)。
15. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“It calls for a “reevaluation of the net environmental benefits” of electric cars and suggests that they should not be given “blanket support”. (報(bào)告呼吁“重新評(píng)估”電動(dòng)汽車的“凈環(huán)境效益”，并建議不應(yīng)給予電動(dòng)汽車“全面支持”。)”可知，專家組認(rèn)為電動(dòng)汽車對(duì)環(huán)境的好處被高估了。故選D項(xiàng)。
16. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Electric cars are almost ￡90 cheaper to insure than petrol cars due to electric cars having fewer moving parts, which makes them less likely to break down, according to a study by Compare the market, the price comparison website. (根據(jù)價(jià)格比較網(wǎng)站“比較市場(chǎng)”的一項(xiàng)研究，電動(dòng)汽車的保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)用比汽油車便宜近90英鎊，因?yàn)殡妱?dòng)汽車的活動(dòng)部件較少，這使得它們不太可能發(fā)生故障。)”可知，因?yàn)殡妱?dòng)汽車很少發(fā)生車輛故障，所以電動(dòng)汽車的保險(xiǎn)更便宜。故選A項(xiàng)。
5
Anna Akter, a nine-year-old student at a floating school in Bangladeshi remote Natore district, says she might have missed out on her education during annual floods without her boat-based classroom. The same goes for Khushi Khatun, who also studies at the boat school where she gets free tuition and materials. “Had there been no such school, she would have had to walk two kilometers along a muddy path or take a boat journey which may have discouraged her from studying, said her father, a farmer in Pangasia village.
Each year, much of the Bangladesh countryside is hit by flooding. With around two thirds of the country's 160 million people living in rural areas, during a normal rainy season, some 1.5 million students are estimated to be affected by floods.
The boats first served as the school bus, collecting children from different riverside stops. Instead of the students going to school, the school reaches them,” said Mohammed Rezwan, founder of Shidhulai Swanirvar Sangstha, the non-profit organization that introduced the country's first floating school system.
Rezwan, an architect, was born and brought up in Natore district, and he himself was lucky as he didn't miss school in the rainy season thanks to his family's boat. While at university, it occurred to him that if children couldn't make it to school, their classroom should go to them. So he established Shidhulai Swanirvar Sangstha in 1998 with $ 500 from his savings and scholarship money, and the floating school concept was launched in 2002.
The floating schools cover an area of 2 square km, offering primary level education to local children who might otherwise have stayed away from school. Shidhulai Swanirvar Sangstha now also trains adult villagers on children's and women's rights, nutrition and health, and how to farm ducks and fish alongside vegetables in “floating gardens, helping them adapt to the impacts of climate change.
17. What do the two girls do during the rainy season?
A. They study at a boat school. B. They go to a tuition-school.
C. They stay away from school. D. They take a boat to school.
18. What is special about a floating school?
A. The boat serves as a school bus. B. The boat is used as a classroom.
C. It never stops at a fixed spot. D. It offers free schooling to all children.
19. What made Rezwan start the floating school system?
A. His desire to make money. B. His interest in teaching.
C. His childhood experience. D. The farmers' request.
20. What is the purpose of this text?
A. To show the effects of climate on schools. B. To explain the climate of Bangladesh.
C. To praise Rezwan for his selfless acts. D. To introduce a new school system.
【答案】17. A 18. B 19. C 20. D
【解析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。孟加拉國(guó)設(shè)立了第一個(gè)水上學(xué)校系統(tǒng)，可以在雨季讓學(xué)生們不中斷學(xué)習(xí)。文章介紹了推出這一學(xué)校系統(tǒng)的非營(yíng)利組織Shidhulai Swanirvar Sangstha的創(chuàng)始人Mohammed Rezwan是如何產(chǎn)生水上學(xué)校這一想法的以及介紹了水上學(xué)校的一些背景知識(shí)。
17. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Anna Akter, a nine-year-old student at a floating school in Bangladeshi remote Natore district, says she...where she gets free tuition and materials.(Anna Akter是孟加拉國(guó)偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)納托雷區(qū)一所水上學(xué)校的一名九歲學(xué)生，她說(shuō)，如果沒(méi)有她的水上教室，她可能就錯(cuò)過(guò)了每年洪水期間的教育機(jī)會(huì)。Khushi Khatun也是如此，她也在水上學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)，在那里她可以獲得免費(fèi)的學(xué)費(fèi)和材料)”可知，這兩個(gè)女孩在雨季時(shí)，在一所水上學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)。故選A。
18. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“The boats first served as the school bus, collecting children from different riverside stops. Instead of the students going to school, ...that introduced the country's first floating school system.( 這些船首先充當(dāng)了校車的角色，從不同的河邊站點(diǎn)收集孩子們。引入該國(guó)第一個(gè)水上學(xué)校系統(tǒng)的非營(yíng)利組織Shidhulai Swanirvar Sangstha的創(chuàng)始人Mohammed Rezwan說(shuō)：“與其說(shuō)是學(xué)生去上學(xué)，不如說(shuō)是學(xué)校到了他們身邊。”)”以及倒數(shù)第二段中“While at university, it occurred to him that if children couldn't make it to school, their classroom should go to them.(上大學(xué)時(shí)，他突然想到，如果孩子們不能去上學(xué)，那么他們的教室就應(yīng)該為他們而來(lái))”可推知，水上學(xué)校的特別之處是這條船被用作教室。故選B。
19. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Rezwan, an architect, was born and brought up in Natore district, and he himself was lucky as..., their classroom should go to them.(Rezwan是一名建筑師，他在納托雷區(qū)出生長(zhǎng)大，他自己也很幸運(yùn)，因?yàn)樗业拇屗谟昙緵](méi)有缺課。上大學(xué)時(shí)，他突然想到，如果孩子們不能去上學(xué)，那么他們的教室就應(yīng)該為他們而來(lái))”可知，是Rezwan的童年經(jīng)歷促使他開(kāi)設(shè)了水上學(xué)校。故選C。
20. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“The boats first served as the school bus, collecting children from different riverside stops. ... school system.( 這些船首先充當(dāng)了校車的角色，從不同的河邊站點(diǎn)收集孩子們。引入該國(guó)第一個(gè)水上學(xué)校系統(tǒng)的非營(yíng)利組織Shidhulai Swanirvar Sangstha的創(chuàng)始人Mohammed Rezwan說(shuō)：“與其說(shuō)是學(xué)生去上學(xué)，不如說(shuō)是學(xué)校到了他們身邊。”)”結(jié)合文章說(shuō)明了孟加拉國(guó)設(shè)立了第一個(gè)水上學(xué)校系統(tǒng)，可以在雨季讓學(xué)生們不中斷學(xué)習(xí)。文章還介紹了推出這一學(xué)校系統(tǒng)的非營(yíng)利組織Shidhulai Swanirvar Sangstha的創(chuàng)始人Mohammed Rezwan是如何產(chǎn)生水上學(xué)校這一想法的以及介紹了水上學(xué)校的一些背景知識(shí)?？赏浦?，這篇文章的目的是介紹一種新的學(xué)校系統(tǒng)。故選D。
6
In the past few decades, parental fears over their children's “fragile” egos (脆弱的自我) have dominated thinking. Rather than using failure to improve, participation and effort have become what is celebrated. Parents now see failure as a terrible disaster with negative consequences as opposed to something their children could recover and grow from.
In a recent study, administrators at Harvard observed that despite awesome grades, the kids entering college seem unable to take care of themselves and think for themselves. The study points to the fact that for all their lives their parents have taken care of every need, told them what path to follow and if any difficulty occurs, have made sure to fix it for them. As a result, children have lost the ability to feel competent and to be in charge of their own lives.
I was a baseball player. When the opportunity to coach my son's team came up, I was in two minds. I wanted my kids to do activities without their dad hanging around. But an old friend happened to be the head coach and he convinced me to help out. I coached it well, rarely having a hand in training my son. I found out the learning opportunities on and off the field were even better than I had imagined.
Last season, our team lost 0-13. In the post-game meeting, my message was, “You have to learn how to lose if you ever want to win.” When saying this to the team, I was met with blank stares. When I said it to the parents, there was some nodding but not everyone was on board. Shouldn't I be praising the kids for their every action? Why didn't I put only the best players at the “important” positions? How come I didn't replace kids who were struggling with players who could do better?
Luckily, the parents eventually got my message and I didn't get any push-back at all. They desired to learn more about life lessons that failure could teach their kids. And the team began to win games after early losses.
21. What does children's failure mean to parents?
A. Children's self-reflection.
B. Destructive effects on children.
C. A steppingstone to children's success.
D. Parental irresponsibility in raising children.
22. What prevents children thinking independently based on the study?
A. The rapidly-developing society.
B. Parents' high expectations of children.
C. Children's wrong attitude towards failure.
D. Too much parental intervention in children's life.
23. How did the author feel when offered the chance to coach his son's team?
A. Excited. B. Confident.
C. Hesitant. D. Uninterested.
24. What do the three questions in paragraph 4 imply?
A. Some parents doubted the author's strategies.
B. The players felt confused about their failure.
C. The author was to blame for the team's defeat.
D. The author ignored the head coach's good advice.
【答案】21. B 22. D 23. C 24. A
【解析】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文，文章中作者通過(guò)現(xiàn)在孩子們經(jīng)受不起失敗的現(xiàn)狀，引出家長(zhǎng)要引導(dǎo)孩子正確面對(duì)失敗。
21. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Parents now see failure as a terrible disaster with negative consequences as opposed to something their children could recover and grow from.”（父母現(xiàn)在認(rèn)為失敗是一場(chǎng)可怕的災(zāi)難，會(huì)帶來(lái)負(fù)面的后果，而沒(méi)有看待成他們的孩子可以從中恢復(fù)過(guò)來(lái)和成長(zhǎng)機(jī)會(huì)。），可知，父母害怕孩子失敗后受到嚴(yán)重地打擊，于是鼓勵(lì)孩子們參與與努力即可。故選B。
22. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段，“The study points to the fact that for all their lives their parents have taken care of every need, told them what path to follow and if any difficulty occurs, have made sure to fix it for them. ”（研究指出，對(duì)于他們的生活而言，他們的父母已經(jīng)照顧到每一個(gè)需求，并告知他們沿什么樣的道路去走，及如果出現(xiàn)任何困難，父母都會(huì)確保為他們解決好），可知，孩子的失敗對(duì)父母意味著災(zāi)難性的影響。故選D。
23. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段第一句，“When the opportunity to coach my son's team came up, I was in two minds. ”（當(dāng)可以給兒子的棒球隊(duì)當(dāng)教練的機(jī)會(huì)來(lái)臨時(shí)，我是猶豫不決的），可知，作者當(dāng)時(shí)是猶豫不決的，in two minds是固定短語(yǔ)，意為“猶豫不決的，三心二意的”。故選C。
24. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段第四句，“When I said it to the parents, there was some nodding but not everyone was on board.”（當(dāng)我把這句話說(shuō)給父母?jìng)兟?tīng)時(shí)，他們有一些人點(diǎn)頭，但是不是每個(gè)人都同意這種說(shuō)法）由此判斷出，第四段中的三個(gè)問(wèn)題暗示有些人懷疑作者策略。故選A。

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