(1)推理判斷是指在理解原文字面意義的基礎(chǔ)上，通過對語篇邏輯關(guān)系的分析和細(xì)節(jié)的暗示，做出一定的判斷和推理，從而得出文章的深層意義及隱含意義的過程。
(2)主要考查考生理清上下文邏輯關(guān)系的能力以及考生的識別能力。
(3)推理判斷題所涉及的內(nèi)容可能是文中某一句話，也可能是某幾句話，要求考生在遵循原文意義的基礎(chǔ)上，對文章字面信息進(jìn)行分析、挖掘、邏輯推理，揭示其深層含義。
1.推斷隱含意義——邏輯分析得結(jié)論
【典例】（2020·全國1卷B篇節(jié)選）
There are three bks I reread annually.The first, which I take t reading every spring is Emest Hemningway’s A Mveable Feast. Published in 1964, it’s his classic memir f 1920s Paris. The language is almst intxicating (令人陶醉的)，an aging writer lking back n an ambitius yet simpler time. Anther is Annie Dillard’s Hly the Firm, her petic 1975 ramble (隨筆) abut everything and nthing. The third bk is Juli Crtazar’s Save Twilight: Selected Pems, because petry. And because Crtazar.
What can we infer abut the authr frm the text?
A. He lves petry.
B. He’s an editr.
C. He’s very ambitius.
D. He teaches reading.
【答案】A
【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)“The third bk is Juli Crtazar’s Save Twilight: Selected Pems, because petry.”第三本書是胡里奧·科塔扎的《拯救暮光之城: 詩歌精選》，因為詩歌?？芍?，作者是由于喜歡詩歌而喜歡這本書。故選A項。
【點撥】第一步 確定題干中的關(guān)鍵信息
第二步 在原文中確定推理依據(jù)的位置或范圍，立足原文，再結(jié)合語境和生活常識進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的推理判斷。
2. 寫作意圖類——文體特點看意圖
【典例】（2020·全國2卷C篇節(jié)選）
Unusual fashin shws in New Orleans and Brklyn have shwcased nutria fur made int clthes in different styles. “It sunds crazy t talk abut guilt-free furunless yu understand that the nutria are destrying vast wetlands every year”, says Cree McCree, prject directr f Righteus Fur.
What is the purpse f the fashin shws in New Orleans and Brklyn?
A. T prmte guilt-free fur.
B. T expand the fashin market.
C. T intrduce a new brand.
D. T celebrate a winter hliday.
【答案】A
【解析】推理判斷題。由于海貍鼠對生態(tài)造成了巨大的破壞，這場海貍鼠皮衣時裝秀銷售的是無罪惡感皮衣。故選A。
【點撥】寫作意圖通常有以下三種：
(1)t entertain readers/t tell an experience常見于記敘文、個人經(jīng)歷或故事類的文章。
(2)t persuade readers/t sell a prduct r a service/t attract readers r visitrs常見于廣告。
(3)t infrm readers/t reprt/t tell/t describe ... 多見于科普類、新聞報道類、文化類或社會生活類的文章，以及勸告類或建議性的文章。
3.觀點態(tài)度類——依據(jù)措辭定態(tài)度
【典例】（2020·全國1卷C篇節(jié)選）
Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shws, while mst likely cntributing t fewer injuries. It des, hwever, have its wn prblem.
Which wrd best describes the authr’s attitude t race walking?
A. Skeptical.B. Objective.C. Tlerant.D. Cnservative.
【答案】B
【解析】推理判斷題。研究表明，競走和跑步一樣有很多健身益處，而且它還很少導(dǎo)致受傷。不過，它也有自己的問題。由此判斷出作者對于競走的態(tài)度是客觀的。故選B項。
【點撥】
1.注意作者或文中人物的措辭：文章作者或文中人物對某事物所持的觀點或態(tài)度往往隱含在文章的字里行間或流露于修飾詞之中。
(1)正確掌握字里行間所隱含或流露的意思，切不可用自己的觀點來代替作者或文中人物的觀點。
(2)留意那些描寫所處氛圍的語言及表達(dá)情感、態(tài)度或觀點的詞語或句子。
(3)結(jié)合平時所積累的有關(guān)英語國家的文化傳統(tǒng)、風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣等的背景知識來進(jìn)行合理的推斷。
2.牢記常見有關(guān)作者情感態(tài)度的詞語：
(1)表示支持或肯定：psitive積極樂觀的；supprtive支持的；ptimistic樂觀的；humrus幽默的；enthusiastic熱情的；pleasant愉快的。
(2)表示中立：indifferent不感興趣的，漠不關(guān)心的；uninterested不感興趣的；bjective客觀的；neutral中立的；nt mentined未提及的。
(3)表示反對或否定：disgusted憎惡的，厭惡的；critical批評的；negative否定的，消極的；suspicius/skeptical懷疑的；disappinted失望的；disapprving不贊成的。
A
Sptify can tell if yu're sad. Here's why that shuld scare yu. Want t figure ut if smene is a patient with a mental disability：Ask them what their favrite sng is. A New Yrk University study last year fund that peple wh lved Eminem's LseYurself and Justin Bieber's WhatDYuMean? were mre likely t have truble with mental disabilities than peple wh were int DireStraits.
Over the past few years, Sptify has been imprving the ability t analyze infrmatin t help businessmen target cnsumers with advertisements made specially fr their needs. They cnclude this frm the srt f music yu're listening t, cmbined with where and when yu're listening t it, alng with third-party data that might be available.
Nw, t be clear, there's nthing significantly illegal abut what Sptify is ding with yur infrmatin. I certainly dn't think that they are wrking with shadwy cnsulting firms t serve yu ads selling a culture struggle while yu're listening t music that suggests yu might be in a terrible situatin. Hwever, I find it disappinting that ur persnal, private mments with music are increasingly being turned int infrmatin pints and ffered t advertisers.
Yu can see where this culd g, can't yu? As ad targeting gets ever mre accurate, businessmen will have the ability t target ur feelings in ptentially imprper ways. Accrding t ne study, yu are mre likely t spend mre n a prduct if yu're feeling sad. Yu can imagine sme cmpanies might take advantage f that. And n that nte, I'm feeling a little dwn abut all this. Head ff t treat myself t smething expensive.
語篇解讀：音樂服務(wù)平臺Sptify能通過用戶所聽歌曲的類型來判斷用戶的心情，進(jìn)而將用戶的信息提供給商人，幫助他們鎖定消費者，促其消費，這種行為導(dǎo)致作者對其非常失望。
1. What’s the purpse f the first paragraph?
A．T intrduce a new sng.
B．T draw readers' attentin.
C．T help mre patients.
D．T prmte a new medium.
【答案】B
【解析】推理判斷題。作者以令人感興趣的話題引入，吸引讀者注意力，進(jìn)而在第二段中提出主題，由此可知，第一段的目的是引起讀者的興趣，故選B項。
2. Why des Sptify imprve its ability t analyze infrmatin?
A．T prvide services fr the gvernment.
B．T wrk with shadwy cnsulting firms.
C．T get listeners' persnal infrmatin.
D．T help businessmen attract cnsumers.
【答案】D
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“... Sptify has been imprving the ability t analyze infrmatin t help businessmen target cnsumers with advertisements made specially fr their needs.”可知，Sptify一直在提高其分析信息的能力，其目的是幫助商人吸引消費者，故選D項。
3．What's the authr’s attitude tward Sptify?
A．Uncertain.B．Supprtive.
C．Psitive.D．Dissatisfied.
【答案】D
【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“Hwever, I find it disappinting that ...”和最后一段中的“And n that nte, I'm feeling a little dwn abut all this.”可知，作者對Sptify很失望，故選D項。
4. Wh is the text prbably designed fr?
A．Music lvers.B．Officials.
C．Researchers.D．Managers.
【答案】A
【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“the srt f music yu're listening t”和第三段中的“while yu're listening t music”可知，本文主要針對音樂愛好者而寫，故選A項。
B
Technlgy ffers cnveniences such as pening the garage dr frm yur car r changing the televisin statin withut tuching the TV.
Nw ne American cmpany is ffering its emplyees a new cnvenience: a micrchip implanted (植入) in their hands. Emplyees wh have these chips can d all kinds f things just by waving their hands. Three Square Market is ffering t implant micrchips in all f their emplyees fr free. Each chip csts $300 and Three Square Market will pay fr the chip. Emplyees can vlunteer t have the chips implanted in their hands. Abut 50 ut f 80 emplyees have chsen t d s. The president f the cmpany, his wife and their children are als getting chips implanted in their hands.
The chip is abut the size f a grain f rice. Implanting the chip nly takes abut a secnd and is said t hurt nly very briefly. The chips g under the skin between the thumb and frefinger. With a chip in the hand, a persn can enter the ffice building, buy fd, sign int cmputers and mre, simply by waving that hand near a scanner. The chips will be als used t identify emplyees. Emplyees wh want cnvenience, but d nt want t have a micrchip implanted under their skin, can wear a wristband (腕帶) r a ring with a chip instead. They can perfrm the same tasks with a wave f their hands as if they had an implanted chip.
Three Square Market is the first cmpany in the United States t ffer t implant chips in its emplyees. Epicenter, a cmpany in Sweden, has been implanting chips in its emplyees fr a while.
Three Square Market says the chip cannt track the emplyees. The cmpany says scanners can read the chips nly when they are within a few inches f them. “The chips prtect against identity theft, similar, t credit cards.” The U.S. Fd and Drug Administratin apprved the chips back in 2004, s they shuld be safe fr humans, accrding t the cmpany.
In the future, peple with the chips may be able t d mre with them, even utside the ffice. Tdd Westby is Chief Executive Officer f Three Square Market. He says, “Eventually, this technlgy will becme standardized allwing yu t use this as yur passprt, public transit, all purchasing pprtunities, etc.”
5．What is the third paragraph mainly abut?
A．The substitutes f the chips.
B．The advantages f the chips.
C．The places t implant the chips.
D．The ptential risks f implanting the chips.
【答案】B
【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段 “With a chip in the hand, a persn can enter the ffice building, buy fd, sign int cmputers and mre, simply by waving that hand near a scanner. The chips will be als used t identify emplyees.”可知手握芯片，人們可以進(jìn)入辦公樓，購買食物，登錄電腦等等，只需在掃描儀附近揮動這只手。這些芯片還將被用來識別員工。由此可知，第三段主要是在說明這種芯片能夠給人們帶來便利的優(yōu)勢。故選B。
6．What des the underlined wrd “them” in Paragraph 5 refer t?
A．the handsB．the emplyeesC．the credit cardsD．the scanners
【答案】D
【解析】詞義猜測題。掃描儀只能在芯片離掃描儀不到幾英寸的地方讀取芯片。由此可知，此處“them”指代上文中的the scanners “掃描儀”。故選D。
7．We can infer that ________.
A．the chips are ppular amng the emplyees
B．the chips have magic pwers
C．the price f the chips is reasnable
D．mst peple suspect the applicatin f the chips
【答案】A
【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Abut 50 ut f 80 emplyees have chsen t d s.”超半數(shù)的員工選擇植入微型芯片，由此可知該芯片受歡迎。故選A。
8．Which f the fllwing best describes Tdd Westby’s attitude twards the chips?
A．Defensive.B．Disappinting.C．Optimistic.D．Casual.
【答案】C
【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中He says, “Eventually, this technlgy will becme standardized allwing yu t use this as yur passprt, public transit, all purchasing pprtunities, etc.”這項技術(shù)將會標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化，你可以將其用作護(hù)照、公共交通工具、支付方式等。”由此可推知，Tdd Westby對芯片的態(tài)度是樂觀的。故選C。
C
Kevin Randall, a teacher, wh teaches bilgy at Grandville High Schl, runs the envirnmental club at the high schl, which has arund 2,000 students. The club is knwn as the GHS Green Team, and it aims t raise awareness amng students and teachers abut sustainability(持續(xù)性).It als wrks n prjects t reduce the envirnmental ftprint f the building itself.
One f the club's recent prjects fcused n reducing waste in the schl cafeteria. Randall said their cafeteria supervisr tld them that the schl went thrugh 54,000 plastic frks every year. The club applied fr a financial help, built recycling centers fr the cafeteria, and purchased metal silverware.
And nw every student uses a durable metal frk r a spn instead f dispsables. (一次性用品),“and that's just ne way we're trying t capture the lw-hanging fruit, if yu will, ”Randall said.
The effrts f Randall and his students have earned Grandville High Schl the Michigan Green Schl certificatin frm the state. In additin t their wrk reducing waste in the cafeteria, the GHS Green Team has als built a garden with flwers and vegetables n campus, and leads cleanups n site and ut in the cmmunity. Over the years, Randall and his students have als been wrking n raising mney t install slar panels(太陽能板) n the rf f the high schl.
Randall said he was mtivated t take the lead n envirnmental issues fr his schl because he wanted his students t have smene t turn t in the building wh understands what's at stake(利害攸關(guān)）when it cmes t climate change.
“And I als felt like I needed t d mre in my life fr my wn tw children at hme,” Randall added, “They need t knw that their dad is wrking as hard as he can t reduce the effects f climate change, and t spread the wrd, and t make sure that ther students ut there are learning abut this just the way they are at hme.”
9．What is the purpse f the GHS Green Team club?
A．T inspire students' lve fr bilgy.
B．T finish the prjects assigned by schl.
C．T prepare students fr their future jbs.
D．T prmte envirnmental prtectin.
【答案】D
【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“it aims t raise awareness amng students and teachers abut sustainability(持續(xù)性).It als wrks n prjects t reduce the envirnmental ftprint f the building itself.”（它旨在增強學(xué)生們和老師們關(guān)于可持續(xù)發(fā)展的意識。它也致力于減少建筑本身的環(huán)境面積的項目。）可知，the GHS Green Team club的目的在于促進(jìn)環(huán)境保護(hù)。故選D。
10．What's the result f the prject n schl cafeteria?
A．It has changed the utlk f the cafeteria.
B．Students can have mre fruits in the cafeteria.
C．Plastic frks are n lnger used in the cafeteria.
D．The schl has becme famus natinwide.
【答案】C
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“And nw every student uses a durable metal frk r a spn instead f dispsables.(一次性用品),”（現(xiàn)在每個學(xué)生都使用耐用的金屬餐叉或勺子，而不是一次性餐具。）可知，學(xué)校餐廳項目的結(jié)果是餐廳不再使用塑料餐具。故選C。
11．What's the furth paragraph mainly abut?
A．The classificatin f the prjects.
B．The characteristics f the club.
C．The activities rganized by the club.
D．The future f the club.
【答案】C
【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段內(nèi)容，“reducing waste in the cafeteria”（減少餐廳廢物的垃圾）；“built a garden with flwers and vegetables n campus”(在校園里建立了有鮮花和蔬菜的花園）;“install slar panels(太陽能板) n the rf f the high schl”（在高中屋頂安裝太陽能電池板）;可知第四段的主要介紹了這個俱樂部組織的活動有哪些。故選C。
12．What was Randall’s aim by ding the wrk n envirnmental issues?
A．T educate the yung.
B．T get material rewards.
C．T amuse his children.
D．T make himself famus.
【答案】A
【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“because he wanted his students t have smene t turn t in the building wh understands what's at stake(利害攸關(guān)）when it cmes t climate change.”（因為他想要讓他教學(xué)樓里的學(xué)生能夠變成理解氣候變化的利害相關(guān)的人。）可知，Randall的目的在于教育年輕人。故選A。
D
While we may think it feels gd t cmplain, cmplaining has sme bad effects assciated with it.
Why isn't cmplaining beneficial? Research shws that it cnnects ur brain with negativity. The brain is designed t wrk efficiently. This means that when we repeat a thught, negative r psitive, the nerve cells frm a bridge between each ther t pass infrmatin in a higher speed. Therefre, the next time we have a similar type f thught, it is mre easily passed. This explains why certain thught patterns becme habits.
Yet the harmful effects dn't stp there. A study shw that cmplaining causes the hippcampus(海馬), which plays a vital rle in prblem-slving, t becme smaller.
In additin t causing brain damage, cmplaining als releases a stress hrmne：crtisl(皮質(zhì)醇), a kind f chemical the bdy prduces when we meet with sme danger. Cnstantly having a high level f crtisl results in high bld pressure, high bld sugar, and lwer immunity(免疫力)．
The ill effects f ur cmplaining aren't just limited t urselves:they als invlve thse arund us. We tend t mirrr the mds f ur friends. Fr this reasn, we shuld be cautius abut having stubbrn cmplainers in ur circle f cmpanins.
The best way t deal with cnstant negativity is t develp a sense f gratitude. Just like cmplaining acts as a pisn, gratitude acts as a medicine. Research shws it lwers crtisl levels by 23 percent, as well as reduces bld pressure and bld sugar. It als decreases tiredness and depressin. Gratitude is the perfect cure fr cmplaining, a behavir that steals ur brain pwer, happiness and physical well-being.
What have yu bserved abut the effects f cmplaining in yur wn life r in the lives f thers? Have yu nticed that when yu are grateful, yu feel better all rund? Please share yur thughts in the cmments sectin belw.
13. What d Para.2and Para.3 mainly talk abut?
A. The diseases caused by cmplaining.
B. The decrease f a vital part f ur brain.
C. The bad effects f cmplaining n brain pwer.
D. The reasn why certain thught patterns becme habits.
【答案】C
【解析】主旨大意題。第二段中研究表明，“抱怨”使大腦處于悲觀狀態(tài)，這樣會導(dǎo)致人們習(xí)慣性的悲傷。第三段中表明，危害遠(yuǎn)不止于此，還會使我們用于解決問題的海馬變得越來越小。所以這兩段主要是談抱怨對大腦的傷害，故選C。
14. What can we knw abut crtisl frm the passage?
A. Gratitude is an effective cure fr crtisl.
B. Our bdy prduces crtisl when we feel excited.
C. Crtisl is a chemical that can cause brain damage.
D. Having a high level f crtisl can lead t many health prblems.
【答案】D
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Cnstantly having a high level f crtisl results in high bld pressure, high bld sugar, and lwer immunity(免疫力)．”可知，高皮質(zhì)醇會導(dǎo)致高血壓，高血糖，免疫力弱等一系列的健康問題。故選D。
15. What attitude des the writer take t stubbrn cmplainers?
A. Grateful. B. Tlerant. C. Disapprving. D. Skeptical.
【答案】C
【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段可知，抱怨會影響周邊的人，所以我們要遠(yuǎn)離那些偏執(zhí)的抱怨者，故作者對這類人的態(tài)度是不滿的。故選C。
16. Where can the passage mst prbably appear?
A. In a newspaper. B. In a medical reprt.
C. On a website. D. In a radi
【答案】C
【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段 “Please share yur thughts in the cmments sectin belw.”你可以在評論區(qū)分享你的看法?？芍?，這篇文章出現(xiàn)在網(wǎng)站上。語篇解讀：這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了一種可以植入員工手中的微型芯片，介紹了該芯片的優(yōu)勢，以及人們對此的看法。
語篇解讀：這是一篇記敘文。講述了Kevin Randall老師在學(xué)校組織了一個環(huán)保俱樂部，帶領(lǐng)學(xué)生進(jìn)行環(huán)境保護(hù)相關(guān)的活動及成就，提高學(xué)生環(huán)境保護(hù)意識的故事。
語篇解讀：這是一篇說明文。闡述“抱怨”的危害表現(xiàn)在方方面面，如果要避免悲觀情緒，就需要我們常懷感激之情。

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