根據(jù)表格分析可知，近年來閱讀理解體裁以應(yīng)用文、記敘文和說明文為主，議論文和新聞報道為輔，其中科普知識類和生態(tài)環(huán)保類的說明文更是考生的難題；題型考查中細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷題所占比重較大，詞句猜測和主旨大意題所占比重較小。各類閱讀理解中的長難句日益增多，因此，在復(fù)習(xí)備考中，我們應(yīng)該著重從題型、體裁和微技能三方面進(jìn)行高效復(fù)習(xí)。
第1講 題型突破——細(xì)節(jié)理解題
細(xì)節(jié)理解題相對比較簡單，但在高考閱讀理解中占了60%的比重。細(xì)節(jié)理解題常分為直接信息題、間接信息題、數(shù)字計(jì)算題、細(xì)節(jié)排序題和正誤判斷題。分析近三年的高考真題可知：直接信息題和間接信息題為高頻考點(diǎn)，其他皆為低頻考點(diǎn)。
設(shè)問方式
1．特殊疑問句形式。以when，where，what，which，wh，hw much/many等疑問詞引出問題。
2．判斷是非形式。含有TRUE/FALSE，NOT true或EXCEPT等的判斷是非問題。此時要注意題干中是否含有否定詞，如nt，never等。
3．以“Accrding t...”開頭的提問形式。
4．填空形式。如The biggest challenge fr mst mthers is frm ________.
選項(xiàng)特征
技法一 直接信息題
——定位比對找答案
直接信息題常以應(yīng)用文的形式出現(xiàn)在考題中，涉及的話題有：廣告類、活動安排類、書籍或電影介紹類、演出信息類等。設(shè)問方式多為以5W1H(what，wh，when，where，why和hw)等開頭的特殊疑問句。
解此類試題常用“定位比對”法。解題流程如下：
(2022·新高考全國Ⅰ·A片段)
Late Wrk
An essay nt submitted in class n the due date will lse a letter grade fr each class perid it is late.If it is nt turned in by the 4th day after the due date，it will earn a zer.Daily assignments nt cmpleted during class will get a zer.Shrt writings missed as a result f an excused absence will be accepted.
23．What will happen if yu submit an essay ne week after the due date?
A．Yu will receive a zer.
B．Yu will lse a letter grade.
C．Yu will be given a test.
D．Yu will have t rewrite it.
答案 A
解析 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。一、在題干中標(biāo)注定位詞submit an essay ne week after the due date，二、在原文中找出信息句，即Late Wrk部分“If it is nt turned in by the 4th day after the due date，it will earn a zer”，三、比對選項(xiàng)與信息句，可知答案為A。
技法二 間接信息題
——同義轉(zhuǎn)換定答案
間接信息題常在記敘文、說明文或議論文中考查，會涉及“人與自我”“人與社會”和“人與自然”三大主題語境。
設(shè)問方式
1．Accrding t the authr/passage，...
2．What can we learn
此類試題相比直接信息題，命題的隱蔽性更強(qiáng)，正確選項(xiàng)一般都會在原文基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行改造。解答間接信息題時，要做到“兩關(guān)注”“一防范”?！皟申P(guān)注”是指關(guān)注正確選項(xiàng)的兩個特征：一是同義詞替換或釋義，即把文中的語言(詞匯和結(jié)構(gòu))改頭換面，來表達(dá)相同的意思；二是對文章信息的歸納?！耙环婪丁笔侵阜婪陡蓴_選項(xiàng)的逼真性，稍有不慎就會落入命題人設(shè)置的陷阱中。
解此類試題常用“同義轉(zhuǎn)換”法。解題流程如下：
(2022·全國甲·B片段)
Gffin’s cckats，a kind f small parrt native t Australasia，have been shwn t have similar shape-recgnitin abilities t a human tw-year-ld.Thugh nt knwn t use tls in the wild，the birds have prved skilful at tl use while kept in the cage.In a recent experiment，cckats were presented with a bx with a nut inside it.The clear frnt f the bx had a “keyhle” in a gemetric shape，and the birds were given five differently shaped “keys” t chse frm.Inserting the crrect “key” wuld let ut the nut.
24．Hw did the cckats get the nut frm the bx in the experiment?
A．By fllwing instructins.
B．By using a tl.
C．By turning the bx arund.
D．By remving the lid.
答案 B
解析 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。一讀題干，鎖定關(guān)鍵詞，即Hw，get the nut；二掃原文，鎖定信息區(qū)間，即第一段中的“Thugh nt knwn t use tls in the wild，the birds have prved skilful at tl use while kept in the cage.”和“ birds were given five differently shaped ‘keys’ t chse frm.Inserting the crrect ‘key’ wuld let ut the nut.”，B項(xiàng)是對信息區(qū)間的同義描述，即在實(shí)驗(yàn)中，鳳頭鸚鵡是通過使用工具從盒子里取出堅(jiān)果的。故選B。
技法三 數(shù)字計(jì)算題
——整合推算得答案
數(shù)字計(jì)算題一般會涉及時間、年齡、價錢、數(shù)量、距離等的簡單計(jì)算。一般來說，計(jì)算量都比較小，容易計(jì)算。但是英語閱讀中的數(shù)字計(jì)算必須要找出計(jì)算背后所隱含的信息。這些“暗”信息會涉及對某個難句的理解，從這個角度上講，理解文中相應(yīng)的復(fù)雜句是解這類題的關(guān)鍵。數(shù)字計(jì)算題的話題有：1.廣告類；2.故事類；3.科普知識類；4.史地自然類；5.文化教育類。設(shè)問方式以when，in which year，hw many/much等疑問詞(組)開頭引出問題。
解此類試題常用“整合推算”法。解題流程如下：
(2022·全國乙·A片段)
Admissin
￡4.Children under 12 years accmpanied by an adult are admitted free.
22．Hw much wuld a cuple with tw children under 12 pay fr admissin?
A．￡4. B．￡8.
C．￡12. D．￡16.
答案 B
解析 數(shù)字計(jì)算題。一讀題干尋找關(guān)鍵詞a cuple with tw children under 12，二在Admissin部分中標(biāo)記￡4.Children under 12 years accmpanied by an adult are admitted free，三用加法推算答案，即一對夫婦應(yīng)付4＋4＝8(英鎊)，兩個12歲以下的兒童在成人陪同下免費(fèi)，即入場費(fèi)為8英鎊。故選B。
A
(外刊閱讀·原創(chuàng)題) 選自(https： mdel-65734)
The afternn sun shne dwn n my daughter，Syriah，13，while I painted.I watched as the warm rays lit up her skin，creating a beautiful pattern.But Syriah was brn with vitilig，a cnditin that causes the lss f skin clur in patches(小塊) all ver her bdy.
Althugh a lt f peple with vitilig struggle with cnfidence issues，Syriah was nt ne f them，cmfrtable frm the mment it started shwing at fur years ld.It was inspiring.The lder she gt，the mre she tld me abut her hbby f mdelling but living in a small twn，it wasn’t easy.
Painting had always been a big part f my life.Althugh I did it fr fun，peple were always asking me if my wrks were fr sale.Then I decided t g fr it，making a Facebk page t sell my creatins.I wanted t set up a legacy(遺產(chǎn)) fr my kids and help build them smething fr their future.
One day，I received a message frm a wman named Ana.Interested，I cntacted her and she explained she was the creatr f Lndn Pacific Fashin Week，an event where designers can launch their brands during Lndn Fashin Week.“I want yu t create a fashin line fr a runway shw，” she said，explaining that they’d get t search fr their wn mdels t.
Suddenly，I thught f Syriah’s mdelling ambitin.What if this culd get her started? Sn after，Ana cnnected with me n Facebk and came acrss the phts I’d taken f Syriah.
“Hw wuld yu feel abut yur daughter mdelling in the shw? I lve her smile with cnfidence！”she messaged.
“Yes！”I replied excitedly，“that’s her dream！”
When I tld my girl the news，she cried with excitement.
Nw，we can’t wait fr Syriah’s first mdelling perfrmance.Hpefully her image will make a difference t girls，just like her，wh’ve never seen peple like them represented in the fashin industry.She’ll shw everyne that beauty cmes in many frms.
1．What can we learn abut Syriah?
A．She shwed ptential fr painting.
B．She was nt cnfident enugh.
C．She suffered frm a skin disease.
D．She gt sick f rural life.
答案 C
解析 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第三句可知，Syriah天生患有白癜風(fēng)，這種疾病導(dǎo)致全身皮膚的顏色一塊塊地脫落，由此可知，她患有一種皮膚病，故選C。
2．Why did the authr chse t sell her paintings?
A．T finance her future generatin.
B．T gain wide recgnitin.
C．T becme a Facebk hit.
D．T dnate mney fr the disabled.
答案 A
解析 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句可知，作者想為她的孩子留下一些遺產(chǎn)，并為他們的未來準(zhǔn)備一些東西，所以選擇賣她的畫，故選A。
3．Which f the fllwing was nt right?
A．Ana funded Lndn Pacific Fashin Week.
B．Ana wanted t find sme mdels.
C．Syriah willingly accepted Ana’s ffer t be a mdel.
D．Syriah didn’t perfrm well in the fashin shw.
答案 D
解析 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第二句可知A項(xiàng)正確；根據(jù)第四段的“they’d get t search fr their wn mdels”可知B項(xiàng)正確；根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段可知C項(xiàng)正確；根據(jù)最后一段可知，作者期望Syriah在時裝表演周可以有好的表現(xiàn)，文章并沒有說她表現(xiàn)不好。故選D。
4．Syriah gt the mdelling jb due t ____________________________________________.
A．her beauty cming frm within
B．her mther’s recmmendatin
C．her clse relatinship with Ana
D．her utstanding mdelling skills
答案 A
解析 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第四段的“I lve her smile with cnfidence！”可知，Syriah得到這份模特工作是由于她自信的微笑，也就是內(nèi)在的美，故選A。
B
The Empire State Building is ne f the mst ppular attractins in New Yrk City，bth fr the tur and histry f the building.Our Empire State Building facts include NYC Insider tips and the best ways t tur this wrld-famus icn，whether yu are shrt n time r budget.
Empire State Building Hurs
The main entrance t the Empire State Building is n Fifth Avenue between 33rd and 34th Streets.All visitrs must use this entrance and there is ften a wait just t get in the building.The Empire State Building Observatry is pen frm 8∶00 a．m.t 2∶00 a．m.7 days a week.Last elevatrs g up at 1∶15 a．m.
Empire State Building Tur Facts
The ESB ffers tw bservatries，the 86th flr and the 102nd flr.
86th Flr Observatry(indr and utdr)
1，050 feet(320 meters)，reached by high-speed，autmatic elevatrs，it has a glass-enclsed area，which is heated in winter and cled in summer.High-pwered binculars(雙筒望遠(yuǎn)鏡) are available fr the cnvenience f visitrs at a minimal cst.
102nd Flr Observatry(indr nly)
Tickets are nly sld upn arrival at the Empire State Building at a cst f $15.00 in additin t regular admissin tickets.
Empire State Building Tickets
Regular—$38 adult，$32 ages 6－12，under 5 free.
Express Pass—$65 all visitrs ages 6＋
Buying yur tickets befre yu g t New Yrk saves yur time.When buying tickets，yu can pt fr regular tickets r express tickets.Yu can als buy a discunt pass fr free entrance.If yu want t visit the 102nd flr，yu can get tickets which include dinner at STATE Grill and Bare.
5．What can we learn frm the secnd paragraph?
A．Yu can enter the building thrugh three entrances.
B．A large number f visitrs are attracted by the building.
C．Visitrs are nt allwed t take elevatrs after 1∶00 a．m.
D．The Empire State Building is clsed n weekends.
答案 B
解析 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“All visitrs must use this entrance and there is ften a wait just t get in the building.”可知，到這里參觀的游客必須等待，其主要原因可能是游客數(shù)量很多。故選B。
6．What can we say abut the 86th Flr Observatry?
A．It is lcated at a height f 1，050 meters.
B．It is a bit clder utside than inside.
C．The binculars can be used free f charge.
D．Visitrs can enjy the view f NYC utdrs.
答案 D
解析 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中的“86th Flr Observatry(indr and utdr)”可知，該看臺可以讓游客在室內(nèi)外觀景，故選D。
7．Hw much shuld a cuple pay if they want t visit the building with shrter waiting?
A．$76. B．$64.
C．$130. D．$103.
答案 C
解析 數(shù)字計(jì)算題。根據(jù)文中的“Express Pass—$65 all visitrs ages 6＋”可知，如果想立刻參觀帝國大廈，需要購買直通票(express ticket)，每個人的費(fèi)用是65美元，a cuple就是130美元。故選C。
強(qiáng)化練(一) 細(xì)節(jié)理解題(1)
A
Lking fr a cl new bk this seasn？TFK Kid Reprters read and reviewed sme f the best bks f the year.
Yusuf Azeem is Nt a Her
Yusuf Azeem is hping t have a great first year in middle schl.Standing in his way are the hate ntes left in his lcker and his struggle t find his place in a new cmmunity.Yusuf Azeem Is Nt a Her，by Saadia Faruqi，will appeal t readers wh like stries abut everyday kids vercming challenges and finding inner strength.
Black By Jy
The shrt stries in Black By Jy，edited by Kwame Mbalia，celebrate the pleasures f Black childhd.There are als stries abut victries，cmpetitins，and getting dressed fr their first day f schl.Mst are shrt，with simple plts.Peple wh enjy bite-size stries f happiness will like this cllectin.
Paradise n Fire
In Paradise n Fire，by Jewell Parker Rhdes，Addy is a shy，15-year-ld girl wh escaped frm an apartment fire that killed her parents.When a fire breaks ut at the wilderness camp，Addy knws what t d.Will Addy be able t lead her fellw campers t safety？Readers will lve the mix f suspense，actin，and emtin in this bk.
Chunky
Chunky was written by Yehudi Mercad.In the bk，Hudi tries sprts，which，hwever，take him away frm what he’s truly passinate abut：cmedy.His imaginary friend，Chunky，appears thrughut the stry t help Hudi achieve his dreams.Chunky is a great bk fr kids wh want t read abut friendship，family，and try t find where they might fit in.
eq \x(語篇解讀 這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了四本兒童書的情況，包括作者、故事梗概等。)
1．Which f the fllwing tells abut happy childhd?
A．Yusuf Azeem is Nt a Her.
B．Black By Jy.
C．Paradise n Fire.
D．Chunky.
答案 B
解析 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Black By Jy部分中的第一句可知，Black By Jy講述了快樂的童年。故選B。
2．What is the bk by Jewell Parker Rhdes abut?
A．A girl trying t escape frm danger.
B．A by suffering at schl.
C．A by participating in a summer camp.
D．A girl taking an interest in cmedy.
答案 A
解析 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第一句可知，Jewell Parker Rhdes寫的書是關(guān)于一個試圖逃離危險的女孩的故事。故選A。
3．Wh is Chunky in the bk?
A．A cmedian. B．Hudi’s classmate.
C．A shy by. D．An unreal friend.
答案 D
解析 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段第三句可知，書中的Chunky是一個虛構(gòu)的朋友。imaginary和unreal同義，故選D。
B
Despite Kyle Tianshi being nly a 15-year-ld US high schler，he has published five sci-fi nvels.His fifth bk Eventide was released in July.Hwever，this may nt be his mst impressive achievement as Kyle just received the “Her Award”，a $20，000 grand prize.It is the tp hnr in the Califrnia Yuth Sustainability Awards.The cmpetitin aims t encurage and supprt yung cmmunity leaders wh are making a difference fr sustainability in their cmmunities by taking actin fr the planet.
Kyle，a sphmre frm the Cambridge Schl in the US，received the hnr fr his prtable inventin called NEREID.The device can detect micrscpic particles(粒子) in water by using a laser and micrscpe.These particles can be harmful t peple and the envirnment.
Kyle came up with the idea fr the inventin based n his experience grwing up in San Dieg，Califrnia，US.Peple had n access t unplluted drinking water and his parents asked him nt t drink tap water.Kyle spent abut $60 buying the tls needed t analyze the tap water：a laser，a micrscpe and a micr-cmputer.“It’s incredibly pwerful fr the price，”Kyle said.Then he used their family’s garage as his labratry，ding research n the pllutin f drinking water caused by micr-plastics.
Kyle hpes t bring t market a lw-cst alternative tl fr detecting micr-plastic pllutin levels in drinking water.In this way，he can ffer help t peple wh dn’t have access t water filtratin(過濾) systems.He has applied fr a patent.
Kyle said his sister Emily，a freshman at Stanfrd University，inspired his interest in envirnmental research.She was recgnized natinally fr develping a water cllectin device.They have funded the Clearwater Innvatin prgram t advcate fr clean water thrugh scial media platfrms and rganize cmmunity cleanup events.
4．What d we knw abut Kyle?
A．He is gd at adapting sci-fi wrks.
B．He entered many nvel cntests.
C．He received an award fr his inventin.
D．He’s fund micrscpic particles in water.
答案 C
解析 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句可知，Kyle因他的發(fā)明而獲獎。故選C。
5．What led t Kyle’s creatin f NEREID?
A．Peple’s lack f clean drinking water.
B．Peple’s pr living cnditins.
C．His desire t be a cmmunity leader.
D．His family’s encuragement.
答案 A
解析 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段前兩句可知，Kyle發(fā)明NEREID是由于人們?nèi)狈Ω蓛舻娘嬘盟９蔬xA。
6．Which f the fllwing best describes Kyle?
A．Cnsiderate and brave.
B．Optimistic and hnest.
C．Determined and humrus.
D．Respnsible and creative.
答案 D
解析 推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，結(jié)合第二段第一句及文章最后一句可知，Kyle發(fā)明了NEREID，使人們能夠喝到干凈的飲用水，并通過實(shí)際行動倡導(dǎo)清潔用水，保護(hù)環(huán)境，因此他既有責(zé)任心又有創(chuàng)意，故選D。
7．What’s the text mainly abut?
A．The intrductin t NEREID.
B．A by’s cntributin t literature.
C．The harm f plluted water.
D．A US schler’s water slutin.
答案 D
解析 主旨大意題。通讀全文，根據(jù)第二段第一句可知，文章主要講述15歲的Kyle Tianshi發(fā)明了能夠檢測水中有害的微觀粒子的設(shè)備，使人們能夠喝到干凈的飲用水，還創(chuàng)立清水創(chuàng)新項(xiàng)目，倡導(dǎo)清潔用水，故D項(xiàng)“一位美國學(xué)生對于水的解決方案”能夠概括文章大意。故選D。
C
The glbal ppulatin grwing，the climate is warming，and，n surprise，the demand fr energy is steadily increasing.We need t use less energy in any way that we can.
German design student Tbias Tribenbacher，frm the University f the Arts Berlin，has created a street light called Papili in respnse t glbal sustainability initiatives，saying that he initially chse t create a city-facing street light due t such lights’ rle in tight pllutin.
Papili can be munted t walls r set up as a freestanding lantern.The lamp shuld ideally be placed between three t six metres abve grund，where grund-level winds are the strngest.The lamp is shaped like a pinwheel that acts as a wind turbine(渦輪)，catching the wind t prduce its wn energy.It als has a rechargeable battery that stres electricity，s the lamp can perate even n less windy days.
Anther key cmpnent f the lamp is the light itself.The warm-clred light desn’t draw the attentin f insects，and it uses an infrared(紅外線的) sensr s that the light is nly started by nearby mtin，reducing its cntributin t light pllutin.
Aside frm saving public space and beautifying streets，the street light’s design is als a visual signal f clean energy in actin.“Design nt nly determines hw street lights are wrking.It can als shape ur attitude twards them and cnsequently affect hw we use them，”Tbias Tribenbacher says.“Because energy creatin is ften an invisible prcess，prjects such as these help the prductin f electricity becme cmprehensible.”
The lamp’s ability t change wind pwer int electricity can als be a huge benefit t naturally windy areas.And since it desn’t require any electrical infrastructure(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)，there will be an pprtunity t fix the street lights in remte settings r places where infrastructure innvatins can be cst-prhibitive.
Just as lanterns create the character f streets and squares，Papili is envisined as a public sustainability statement that mtivates residents t take part in transfrming ur cities int climate-friendly，future-prf envirnments.
8．Why did Tribenbacher chse t create the street light?
A．T tackle light pllutin.
B．T reduce bidiversity lss.
C．T beautify the city he lives in.
D．T draw public attentin t waste.
答案 A
解析 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段以及第四段第二句可知，這款路燈最初設(shè)計(jì)的目的就是用來應(yīng)對光污染問題。故選A。
9．Which f the fllwing is the feature f the street light?
A．It ccupies a large space.
B．It can be fixed anywhere.
C．It is switched ff by hand.
D．It is unattractive t insects.
答案 D
解析 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第二句可知，這款路燈不會吸引小昆蟲。故選D。
10．What d Tribenbacher’s wrds in paragraph 5 imply?
A．The climate crisis is tugh t address.
B．Design can facilitate ur cmprehensin.
C．We must take actin t save clean energy.
D．We knw little abut electricity generatin.
答案 B
解析 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中的“Design nt nly determines hw street prductin f electricity becme cmprehensible.”可推斷出，這樣的設(shè)計(jì)可以促進(jìn)我們對于能源生產(chǎn)的理解。故選B。
11．What is the purpse f the text?
A．T stress the imprtance f innvatin.
B．T intrduce a wind-pwered street light.
C．T advcate envirnmental sustainability.
D．T analyze the sustainability f the street light.
答案 B
解析 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段以及下文對這款路燈的作用、工作原理的介紹可知，本篇文章主要的目的是介紹一款風(fēng)能路燈。故選B。
強(qiáng)化練(二) 細(xì)節(jié)理解題(2)
A
Drive Thru Histry? Adventures
Drive Thru Histry，whether as a curse，guide，r episdic lessn，tries t make histrical infrmatin fun.Dave Sttts ges the extra literal mile t bring histry t viewers in cntext by traveling t the lcatins he’s discussing.This is where the “adventure” subtitle cmes frm.The curses have snwballed in ppularity due t the quality f the material as well as the humr and inventiveness f the hst.
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·Buy a single Drive Thru Histry? Curse
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If yu like what yu bught，yu can buy the All-Access pass.This pass gives yu the ability t view all the released curses by paying an annual fee.All-Access cmes in at $ yu’re subscribed，yur subscriptin will autmatically renew t keep yu up-t-date n the latest Drive Thru Histry? cntent!
Whether yu buy a single curse r the All-Access pass，yu get the same basic features.These bnuses will help yu make yur histry lessns cme alive.
eq \x(語篇解讀 本文是應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了Drive Thru Histry? Adventures的相關(guān)信息。)
1．Hw des Dave Sttts make the curses fun?
A．By sharing histry n lcatin.
B．By revising histrical materials.
C．By presenting hi-tech inventins.
D．By rganizing adventure activities.
答案 A
解析 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“ t make histrical infrmatin fun.Dave Sttts ges the extra literal mile t bring histry t viewers in cntext by traveling t the lcatins he’s discussing.”可知，為了讓課程有趣，Dave Sttts去了他所討論的內(nèi)容發(fā)生的地方，即歷史發(fā)生地。故選A。
2．What will yu get after yu buy the curses?
A．Tur guides.
B．Vide streaming.
C．Articles frm students.
D．Interactin with the hst.
答案 B
解析 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù) Buy a single Drive Thru Histry? Curse部分的內(nèi)容可知，購買課程之后可以獲得終身觀看視頻的權(quán)利。故選B。
3．What des an All-Access membership ffer?
A．A discunted annual fee.
B．Additinal histry lessns.
C．Updates n the latest cntent.
D．Limited access t sme curses.
答案 C
解析 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Jin ur All-Access membership部分中的“Once yu’re subscribed，yur subscriptin will autmatically renew t keep yu up-t-date n the latest Drive Thru Histry? cntent！”可知，擁有All-Access之后，會員可以看到更新的最新內(nèi)容。故選C。
B
There are few places n Earth that humans haven’t messed up.Nw even Antarctica，the nly cntinent with n permanent human inhabitants，is being altered by us.A study fund that the increasing human presence in Antarctica is causing mre snwmelt—bad news fr a frzen wrld already battling the effects f human-caused glbal warming.
Black carbn，the dark dusty pllutin that cmes frm burning fssil fuels has settled in lcatins where turists and researchers spend a lt f time，scientists fund.Even the smallest amunt f the dark pllutant can have a significant impact n melting because f its very lw reflectiveness：things that are light in clr，like snw，reflect the sun’s energy and stay cl；things that are dark，like black carbn，absrb the sun’s energy and warm up.
“The snw albed(反射率) effect is ne f the largest uncertainties in reginal and glbal climate mdeling right nw，”Alia Khan，a snw and ice scientist at Western Washingtn University，tld CNN.“That’s ne f the mtivatins fr the study，t quantify the impact f black carbn n reginal snwmelt，which is imprtant fr quantifying the rle f black carbn in the glbal lss f snw and ice.”
“Antarctica is sitting there pretty much silently all year.But，if it weren’t there，in the state that it is meant t be，the balance that we have in the climate system will n lnger be，”Marilyn Raphael，a gegraphy prfessr said.“Antarctica’s sea ice is als imprtant t maintain a balance in atmspheric circulatin，”he added.As waters get warmer，sme Antarctic creatures are finding their hmes mre and mre unlivable.
“Everything we d has cnsequences，”Raphael said.“We need t educate urselves abut thse cnsequences，especially in systems that we knw relatively little abut.We have t be careful that we dn’t upset the climate balance.”
4．Why can the smallest amunt f black carbn have a huge impact n melting?
A．It is highly reflective.
B．Its dark clur absrbs heat.
C．It prduces vast energy.
D．It causes much pllutin.
答案 B
解析 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句可知，由于能夠吸收熱量，黑碳對融化會產(chǎn)生巨大的影響。故選B。
5．Accrding t Alia，which f the fllwing is ne reasn fr cnducting the study?
A．T measure the impact f black carbn n melting.
B．T quantify the cst f battling against climate change.
C．T remve the uncertainties f glbal warming effects.
D．T urge peple t pay mre attentin t melting prblem.
答案 A
解析 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句可知，在研究過程中，量化黑碳對融雪的影響是十分重要的。故選A。
6．What is the furth paragraph mainly abut?
A．The change caused by Antarctic ice melting.
B．The methds t stp Antarctic ice melting.
C．The significance f Antarctic being in its state.
D．The sufferings Antarctic creatures are experiencing.
答案 C
解析 段落大意題。根據(jù)第四段第二、三句可知，本段主要講述了南極洲保持其原來狀態(tài)的重要性。故選C。
7．What des Raphael advise peple t d?
A．Reduce turist numbers.
B．Face the cnsequences.
C．Acquire prfessinal educatin.
D．Stp disturbing the climate.
答案 D
解析 推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容可知，Raphael建議我們停止擾亂氣候，不要破壞氣候的平衡。故選D。
C
Ever wndered if dgs can learn new wrds？Yes，say researchers as they have fund that talented dgs may have the ability t grasp new wrds after hearing them nly fur times.
While previus evidence seems t shw that mst dgs d nt learn wrds，unless eventually very well trained，a few individuals have shwn sme extrardinary abilities，accrding t a study published in the jurnal Scientific Reprts.
“We wanted t knw under which cnditins the gifted dgs may learn nvel wrds，” said researcher xuekw Claudia Fugazza frm the E?tv?s Lrnd University in Hungary.Fr the study，the team invlved tw gifted dgs，Whisky and Vicky Nina.The team expsed the dgs t the new wrds in tw different cnditins.
In the exclusin-based task，presented with seven knwn tys and ne new ty，the dgs were able t select the new ty when presented with a new name.Researchers say this prves that dgs can chse by exclusin when faced with a new wrd，they selected the nly ty which did nt have a knwn name.
Hwever，this was nt the way they wuld learn the name f the ty.In fact，when they were presented with ne mre equally new name t test their ability t recgnize the ty by its name，the dgs gt ttally cnfused and failed.
The ther cnditin，the scial ne，where the dgs played with their wners wh prnunced the name f the ty while playing with the dg，prved t be the successful way t learn the name f the ty，even after hearing it nly 4 times.“The rapid learning that we bserved seems t equal children’s ability t learn many new wrds at a fast rate arund the age f 18 mnths，”Fugazza says.“But we d nt knw whether the learning mechanisms(機(jī)制) behind this learning are the same fr humans and dgs.”
T test whether mst dgs wuld learn wrds this way，20 ther dgs were tested in the same cnditin，but nne f them shwed any evidence f learning the ty names，cnfirming that the ability t learn wrds rapidly in the absence f frmal training is very rare and is nly present in a few gifted dgs.
eq \x(語篇解讀 本文為一篇說明文，介紹了有天賦的狗狗通過訓(xùn)練能夠?qū)W習(xí)新的單詞。)
8．What was the purpse f the study published in Scientific Reprts?
A．T better train dgs’ ability t learn new wrds.
B．T further cnfirm previus evidence abut dgs.
C．T prve extrardinary memry abilities f gifted dgs.
D．T explre favrable cnditins fr gifted dgs’ new-wrd learning.
答案 D
解析 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“We wanted t knw under which the E?tv?s Lrnd University in Hungary.”可知，研究的目的是想探索有天賦的狗在什么情況下可以學(xué)習(xí)新單詞。故選D。
9．Hw did the dgs react when expsed t tw new names in the first cnditin?
A．Slw t understand.
B．Quick t learn.
C．At a lss.
D．In a panic.
答案 C
解析 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段第二句可知，在第一種情況下狗非常困惑。故選C。
10．What was fund abut dgs’ new-wrd learning in the scial cnditin?
A．Learning thrugh playing applied t mst dgs.
B．The scial cnditin helped dgs learn new wrds.
C．Dgs’ new-wrd learning turned ut t be less effective.
D．Dgs shared similar learning mechanisms with children.
答案 B
解析 推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第一句可推出，社會性條件可以幫助狗狗學(xué)習(xí)新的單詞。故選B。
11．Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A．Gifted Dgs Can Learn New Wrds Rapidly
B．Dgs Identify Newly-named Tys by Exclusin
C．Dgs Can Acquire Vcabulary thrugh Tns f Training
D．Gifted Dgs Have Similar Learning Abilities t Humans
答案 A
解析 標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)第一段以及倒數(shù)第二段第一句可知，本篇文章主要講述的是有天賦的狗能快速學(xué)習(xí)新單詞。故選A。
強(qiáng)化練(三) 細(xì)節(jié)理解題(3)
A
(2022·河南濮陽一模)
Here’s a lk at ur fur favrite state parks in Clrad，and what t d at each ne.
Eleven Mile State Park
Eleven Mile State Park is abut 40 miles west f Clrad Springs.The highlight here is a huge reservir(水庫) and nearby wetlands that are a huge draw t baters，fishers，paddlers，and windsurfers.While yu can’t g swimming，yu can g sailing r kayaking.Even in winter，Eleven Mile is big fr fishing.It hsts an annual，statewide ice fishing turnament.
Rxbrugh State Park
Rxbrugh State Park is where t g fr the natural unique scenery.The park is hme t 300-millin-year-ld red sandstne frmatins.They appear frm the earth at a shcking 60-degree angle that makes yu wnder hw they dn’t fall dwn.With dramatic gelgical masterpieces，it is n surprise that this is ne f Clrad’s fficial Natinal Natural Landmarks.
State Frest State Park
If yu want t spt a mse(駝鹿) (safely，frm a distance)，explre the 71,000-acre State Frest State Park in the small twn f Walden.The State Frest State Park is Clrad’s mse capital，hme t mre than 600 f the big guys.Mse aren’t the nly attractin in this large，adventure-filled park.It’s als hme t black bears and elk(麋鹿)．It has lakes and lts f trails(abut 90 miles f hiking trails，plus mre fr biking)，and t tp it all ff，there are sand dunes here.
Eldrad Canyn State Park
Eldrad Canyn is a super ppular rck-climbing destinatin just utside f the city f Bulder.This muntainus state park features 1,000 different technical climbing rutes.It’s well knwn in the climbing cmmunity.The rutes are accessible t all levels and pen during daylight.
eq \x(語篇解讀 本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了科羅拉多州四個最受歡迎的州立公園。)
1．Which is the mst well-knwn in Eleven Mile State Park in winter?
A．Bating. B．Swimming.
C．Fishing. D．Paddling.
答案 C
解析 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Eleven Mile State Park部分中“Even in winter，Eleven Mile is big fr fishing.It hsts an annual，statewide ice fishing turnament.”可知，在冬季，釣魚是Eleven Mile State Park最有名的活動。故選C。
2．Wh are mst likely t g t State Frest State Park?
A．Gelgists.
B．Animal lvers.
C．Windsurfers.
D．Muntain climbers.
答案 B
解析 推理判斷題。根據(jù)State Frest State Park部分中“Mse aren’t the nly bears and elk(麋鹿)．”可知，State Frest State Park中有很多動物。由此可推斷，動物愛好者最有可能去這里。故選B。
3．Which park is a great place fr rck climbing?
A．State Frest State Park.
B．Eleven Mile State Park.
C．Rxbrugh State Park.
D．Eldrad Canyn State Park.
答案 D
解析 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Eldrad Canyn State Park部分中“Eldrad Canyn is a super ppular rck-climbing the climbing cmmunity.”可知，Eldrad Canyn State Park是攀巖的好地方。故選D。
B
Frm crystal-blue lakes t snw-capped muntains and thusand-year-ld trees，Canada’s nature is admired arund the wrld.Nw it might als be just what the dctr rdered.An ambitius new prgramme allws dctrs t write prescriptins(處方) fr free annual passes t Canada’s natinal parks，encuraging their patients t imprve their health—bth mental and physical—by taking a strll in nature.
The prescriptins are prvided by PaRX，in partnership with Parks Canada.The first passes were handed ut last mnth，giving hlders access t mre than 80 natinal parks，histric sites and nature reserves.PaRX，a health initiative(倡議) launched in 2019 by the British Clumbia Parks Fundatin，ntes n its website that spending time in nature can lead t lnger lives，increased energy，reduced stress and anxiety，imprved heart health，less pain and better md.Vitamin D frm the sun’s rays has prven health benefits.The rganizatin als hpes that the prescriptins will bst investment in cnservatin in Canada.
The initial prvisin cvers fur Canadian prvinces：British Clumbia，Saskatchewan，Ontari and Manitba.Participating dctrs have nly 100 annual passes t hand ut fr nw，but PaRX hpes that the prgramme will be expanded.
“Medical research nw clearly shws the psitive health benefits f cnnecting with nature，” Steven Guilbeault，the envirnment minister，said.“I am cnfident this prgramme will quickly shw its enrmus value t the well-being f patients as it cntinues t expand thrughut the cuntry.”
Canada’s physicians are already in the habit f prescribing “nature therapy” as a treatment fr anxiety，depressin，high bld pressure，immune functin and insmnia(失眠)．Previusly，thugh，they wuld write mre general prescriptins，such as spending time in nature twice a week，fr at least 20 minutes at a time.This is the first time that they have been able t equip their patients with tickets.
eq \x(語篇解讀 本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一項(xiàng)健康倡議計(jì)劃——自然療法。)
4．Why des the authr mentin Canada’s nature in paragraph 1?
A．T recmmend dctrs’ prescriptins.
B．T advertise Canada’s natural scenery.
C．T intrduce a health initiative prgram.
D．T demnstrate health benefits f nature.
答案 C
解析 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二、三句可知，作者在第一段中提到了加拿大的自然風(fēng)光，目的是介紹一項(xiàng)健康倡議計(jì)劃。故選C。
5．What makes the prescriptins significant?
A．A bm in park visiting.
B．A rise in ecnmy.
C．Investment in cnservatin.
D．Imprvement in health.
答案 D
解析 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第三、四句可知，健康狀況的改善使該處方意義重大。故選D。
6．What can we infer frm the last paragraph?
A．Patients dubt the general prescriptins.
B．The previus “nature therapy” is ppular.
C．It is a traditin t ffer patients park tickets.
D．“Nature therapy” is n lnger just n paper.
答案 D
解析 推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段可推知，自然療法已經(jīng)用于臨床當(dāng)中，不再只是紙上談心。故選D。
7．Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text?
A．Nature Heals Mental Diseases
B．Canada Pssesses Admirable Nature
C．Dctrs Order a Walk in the Wilderness
D．Canadian Dctrs Have Free Access t Parks
答案 C
解析 標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)第一段第三句和最后一段第一句可知，文章主要講述的是大自然對健康狀況的改善有很大的意義。C選項(xiàng)(醫(yī)生建議在大自然中散步)符合題意，故選C。
C
(2022·福建百校聯(lián)合測評)
Sme events have been added t the 2024 Olympics，with surfing，breakdancing and sprt climbing amng the recent additins.With them cme a grup f terms that are freign t the French language.Fr sme French-language purists，it’s t much t bear t rely n English t praise surfers n their “nseriding”—standing n the frnt f the bard.They’ve decided they need a French slutin.
The French gvernment has created a team f language experts devted t prmting the natinal language.They will meet peridically ver the next cuple f years t identify and define new sprts terms.The French battle against the influence f ther languages isn’t new.In 1994，the Tubn law was passed，frcing the use f French in all gvernment publicatins，cntracts and advertisements.Yet it cntained several lphles，which allw brands and cmpanies t extensively use English.As a result，Anglicisms are becming mre bvius.
Julie Neveux，prfessr f linguistics at Srbnne University in Paris，said Anglicisms are “smetimes estimated at just under 5% f the present vcabulary，but they are disturbing because they shw that we fllw an ecnmic and cultural mdel ther than ur wn”．They are particularly present in sprts cmpetitins and events，during which athletes frm arund the wrld are used t cmmunicating in English.“Sprt was ne f the first areas t be glbalized，”said sprts histrian Michael Attali.“This phenmenn has strengthened English as the fficial language.”
Despite their best effrts，n cmmittee has successfully prevented English frm infiltrating everyday language.By the time French fficials agreed n a translatin and its definitin，the English versin has already spread thrughut the natin.“Similar cmmittees have been put in place in the past，but nthing has changed s far，”said Attali.
“There are far fewer Anglicisms in French than there are French wrds in English，”said Neveux.Adding these exchanges shuld nt be seen as a threat.“All living languages exist by brrwing frm each ther.Languages nly exist thanks t their impurity.”
8．What will a team f language experts d?
A．Prmte the spread f French in the wrld.
B．Decide upn sme new sprts terms.
C．Bring English and French tgether.
D．Make French much purer.
答案 B
解析 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句可知，一群語言專家會確定一些新的體育術(shù)語。故選B。
9．What des the underlined wrd “they” in paragraph 3 refer t?
A．Anglicisms.
B．English wrds.
C．French wrds.
D．Newly created wrds.
答案 A
解析 詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞所在句可知，巴黎索邦大學(xué)的語言學(xué)教授Julie Neveux說，Anglicisms “有時估計(jì)在現(xiàn)有詞匯中只占不到5%，但它們令人不安，因?yàn)锳nglicisms表明，我們遵循的是一種除了我們自己的模式以外的經(jīng)濟(jì)和文化模式”。故they指的是“Anglicisms”，故選A。
10．What’s the result f previus effrts t stp English frm infiltrating French?
A．Unimprtant. B．Successful.
C．Fruitless. D．Unmentined.
答案 C
解析 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段最后一句可知，以前阻止英語滲透到法語的努力結(jié)果是徒勞的。故選C。
11．What can we infer frm the last paragraph?
A．English is mre ppular than French.
B．All languages shuld be preserved.
C．The exchanges between tw languages can be avided.
D．Neveux is psitive abut the impurity f language.
答案 D
解析 推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容可推知，Neveux對語言的不純性持肯定態(tài)度。故選D。年份
卷別
體裁
題目類型
命題專家談高考
細(xì)節(jié)理解
推理判斷
詞句猜測
主旨大意
2022
全國乙卷
應(yīng)用文·夾敘夾議文
說明文·說明文
7
6
1
1
1.文章題材豐富
英語試卷中所有語篇都圍繞“人與自我”“人與社會”以及“人與自然”三大主題語境，題材涉及故事、科普、人文、社會現(xiàn)象、文化活動等。
2.短文體裁廣泛
短文體裁包括記敘文、說明文、議論文、應(yīng)用文和新聞報道等。
3.題型分布不均
近3年全國卷高考閱讀理解以突出考查考生理解和運(yùn)用語言解決問題的基本能力。以考查細(xì)節(jié)理解、推理判斷為主，以考查詞句猜測、主旨大意為輔。
4.語篇特點(diǎn)鮮明
(1)原汁原味：高考語篇一般選自各大主流英文報刊和媒體網(wǎng)站，新材料盡量原汁原味。
(2)詞匯量大：高考語篇詞匯量豐富，含有大量的派生詞、詞性轉(zhuǎn)換詞、熟詞生義詞以及英語短語和習(xí)語。
(3)長難句多：高考語篇含有大量的長句和難句，句子結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜。
全國甲卷
應(yīng)用文·說明文
記敘文·夾敘夾議文
9
2
1
3
新高考
全國Ⅰ卷
應(yīng)用文·說明文
說明文·說明文
6
7
1
1
2021
全國乙卷
應(yīng)用文·說明文
記敘文·說明文
7
5
1
2
全國甲卷
說明文·說明文
記敘文·議論文
6
6
1
2
新高考
全國Ⅰ卷
應(yīng)用文·記敘文
說明文·議論文
9
3
1
2
2020
全國Ⅰ卷
應(yīng)用文·夾敘夾議文
說明文·說明文
7
5
1
2
全國Ⅱ卷
應(yīng)用文·說明文
說明文·記敘文
10
1
2
2
全國Ⅲ卷
應(yīng)用文·記敘文
說明文·說明文
8
3
1
3
新高考
全國Ⅰ卷
應(yīng)用文·記敘文
說明文·說明文
6
5
2
2
語篇解讀 這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了帝國大廈?Empire State Building?以及參觀大廈時的相關(guān)注意事項(xiàng)。
語篇解讀 這是一篇記敘文，文章主要介紹了15歲的Kyle Tianshi發(fā)明了能夠檢測水中有害的微觀粒子的設(shè)備，獲得了加州青年可持續(xù)發(fā)展獎的最高榮譽(yù)。
語篇解讀 本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一種新型的路燈，這款路燈是由風(fēng)能轉(zhuǎn)化為電能，因此可以減少能源使用，從而減少對環(huán)境的污染。
語篇解讀 本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了由于人為造成的全球變暖，南極洲的環(huán)境發(fā)生了變化。
語篇解讀 這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了法國政府成立了一個語言專家團(tuán)隊(duì)，致力于推廣法語。他們將在未來幾年定期開會，以確定和定義新的體育術(shù)語。文章還介紹了歷史上法語對抗其他語言影響的事件以及人們的看法。

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