
應(yīng)用文是最貼近日常生活的文體,它包括通知、廣告、便條、申請(qǐng)書、個(gè)人簡(jiǎn)介、商品說(shuō)明與介紹、新聞報(bào)道等,形式多樣,題材各異(如圖示、表格等),措辭簡(jiǎn)潔明了,直截了當(dāng),其目的是向讀者傳輸信息。主要具有以下特點(diǎn):
高考應(yīng)用文閱讀理解設(shè)題以細(xì)節(jié)題為主,因此,閱讀這類文章時(shí),也應(yīng)該在整體把握文章結(jié)構(gòu)的前提下,重點(diǎn)注意細(xì)節(jié)信息,細(xì)節(jié)題題干都是相應(yīng)原文的變形(如同義句改寫,詞性轉(zhuǎn)換等),因此,要想找到答案就一定要找到題干在原文中的出處,再把原文和選項(xiàng)相比較。做題時(shí),根據(jù)所提問(wèn)題用尋讀、跳讀的方法可以達(dá)到事半功倍的效果。同時(shí),在閱讀時(shí)也要特別注意文中以粗體、大寫、下劃線等方式加以提示的文字,因?yàn)檫@很有可能是文章的核心或某一部分內(nèi)容的概括。具體答題策略如下:
(2022·全國(guó)甲·A)
Theatres and Entertainment
St David’s Hall
St David’s Hall is the award winning Natinal Cncert Hall f Wales standing at the very heart f Cardiff’s entertainment centre.With an impressive 2,000-seat cncert hall,St David’s Hall is hme t the annual Welsh Prms Cardiff.It presents live entertainment,including pp,rck,flk,jazz,musicals,dance,wrld music,films and classical music.
The Hayes,Cardiff CF10 1AH
The Glee Club
Every weekend this is “Wales” premier cmedy club where having a great time is the rder fr bth audiences and cmedy stars alike.It is hard t name a cmedy star wh hasn’t been n the stage here.If yu are lking fr the best cmedies n tur and brilliant live music,yu shuld start here.
Mermaid Quay,Cardiff Bay,Cardiff CF10 5BZ
Sherman Cymru
Sherman Cymru’s theatre in the Cathays area f Cardiff repened in February 2012.This special building is a place in which theatre is made and where children,artists,writers and anyne else have the pprtunity(機(jī)會(huì)) t d creative things.Sherman Cymru is excited t present a packed prgramme f the very best theatre,dance,family shws and music frm Wales and the rest f the wrld.
Senghennydd Rad,Cardiff CF24 4YE
New Theatre
The New Theatre has been the hme f quality drama,musicals,dance and children’s shws fr mre than 100 years.Presenting the best f the West End alng with the pick f the UK’s turing shws,the New Theatre is Cardiff’s ldest surviving traditinal theatre.Be sure t pay a visit as part f yur stay in the city.
Park Place,Cardiff CF10 3LN
21.Where is the Welsh Prms Cardiff hsted?
A.At the New Theatre.
B.At the Glee Club.
C.At Sherman Cymru.
D.At St David’s Hall.
答案 D
解析 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)St David’s Hall部分中的“St David’s Hall is hme t the annual Welsh Prms Cardiff”可知,Cardiff的Welsh Prms活動(dòng)在St David’s Hall舉辦。故選D。
22.What can peple d at the Glee Club?
A.Watch musicals.
B.Enjy cmedies.
C.See family shws.
D.D creative things.
答案 B
解析 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)The Glee Club部分中的“If yu are lking fr the best cmedies n tur and brilliant live music,yu shuld start here.”可知,人們可以在The Glee Club欣賞喜劇。故選B。
23.Which website can yu visit t learn abut Cardiff’s ldest surviving theatre?
A.
B.
C.
D.
答案 A
解析 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)New Theatre部分中的“Presenting the best f the West End alng with the pick f the UK’s turing shws,the New Theatre is Cardiff’s ldest surviving traditinal theatre.”及其下面的網(wǎng)址“”可知,選A。
A
Paragliding is a kind f flying,but instead f the wing being made f metal,wd r plastic,it is made f nyln r plyester.The wing is attached t a harness by lines where a pilt sits,similar t a parachute.
Is it safe?
Paragliding is as safe as sailing and deep-sea diving.The big advantage is that it’s prbably the slwest frm f aviatin,s if yu d crash,yu’ll hit the grund quite gently! It’s a very relaxing sprt as yu’re mstly sitting dwn.Yet,yu’ll prbably experience pain in sme muscles yu didn’t knw yu had while learning,but many f thse will be due t the walk up the training hill t launch.
Where d I learn?
There are lts f schls,mainly based inland by apprpriate hills r muntains,and there are als schls n the cast near spectacular cliffs.These are very attractive,thugh the prspect f landing in the sea seems t discurage beginners! It takes seven days t get yur basic license;then yu’re free t fly independently at sites acrss the cuntry.
What d I need?
Pilts nrmally wear warm clthes in case they get very high up,and a helmet in case they stumble n landing.In terms f gear,schls supply basic training,canpies,harnesses,etc.Hwever,yu’ll prbably want t buy yur wn mre sphisticated equipment,which yu’ll be able t chse much better nce yu’ve tried sme ut n yur curse.
Wh can d it?
There’s n upper age limit prvided yur instructr judges yu capable,but the yungest is 14.Anybdy with gd eyesight and gd balance is a ptential paraglider pilt.
Flying a paraglider is a great sprt.We hpe t see yu in the air with us this seasn!
eq \x(語(yǔ)篇解讀 本文為一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了什么是高空滑翔及學(xué)習(xí)高空滑翔的一些信息。)
1.Which wuld be the best heading fr paragraph 1?
A.What is paragliding?
B.Wh invented paragliding?
C.Hw is paragliding special?
D.Why is paragliding ppular?
答案 A
解析 段落大意題。根據(jù)第一段可知,本段主要描述了什么是高空滑翔。故選A。
2.Accrding t the passage,paragliding is .
A.exciting but tiring
B.safe and relaxing
C.a(chǎn)ttractive but expensive
D.fast and challenging
答案 B
解析 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Is it safe?部分的“Paragliding is as safe as sailing and deep-sea diving.”及“It’s a very relaxing sprt as yu’re mstly sitting dwn.”可知,高空滑翔是一項(xiàng)既安全又放松的運(yùn)動(dòng)。故選B項(xiàng)。
3.What can we knw frm the passage?
A.Fit peple f any age can take up paragliding.
B.Mst paragliding schls are situated by the sea.
C.Pilts need t buy basic equipment n their training curse.
D.Learners can fly n their wn after at least a week’s training.
答案 D
解析 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Where d I learn?部分的“It takes seven days yu’re free t fly independently”可知,需要經(jīng)過(guò)至少一周的訓(xùn)練,學(xué)員才可以獨(dú)立飛行。故選D。
B
(2022·河南中原名校聯(lián)盟適應(yīng)性聯(lián)考)
★L(fēng)OUDOUN COUNTRY DAY SCHOOL
Grades:Preschl-Grade 8
LCDS.rg ? 703-777-3841
Award-winning schl features a lw student-teacher rati(比率).Curses include art,STEM(Science,Technlgy,Engineering,Mathematics),cmputer prgramming,languages,athletics,instruments,BYOT(Bring Yur Own Technlgy),ne-t-ne prgram in furth thrugh eighth grades.It’s famus fr its unique field trips.
★NYSMITH SCHOOL
Grades:3 years-Grade 8
Nysmith.cm ? 703-552-2912
Tp 10 in the wrld,fun,award-winning prgram,up t 4 grade levels f diversificatin(多樣化) in reading and math classes,daily science,cmputers,lgic,freign languages,much mre.1∶9 rati.Minimal(最少的) hmewrk.Hands-n experimental learning,a great attractin fr students acrss the cuntry.2014 Tmmy Award frm TJ fr the special achievement f Nysmith Alumni.
★FUSION ACADEMY TYSONS
Grades:6-12
FusinTysnsCrner.cm ? 866-461-8039
Fusin Academy is a private middle and high schl where all classes are ne-t-ne:ne student and ne teacher per classrm.Here,psitive relatinships unlck students’ ptential.Scheduling is persnalized,and n hmewrk ges hme.Cme sn t Tysns,Virginia,and achieve schl & life balance.
★RANDOLPH-MACON ACADEMY
Grades:6-12,Pstgraduate
rma.edu ? 540-636-5484
R-MA is a cllege-prep barding schl with Air Frce JROTC,devted t develping students f academic achievement,leadership,and respnsible citizenship.With smaller classes—n average,14-17 students per class—students at R-MA find themselves building their cnfidence because ur teachers care abut each student.Graduating classes have a 100% cllege acceptance rate and average ver $56.6 millin in cllege schlarships ffers each year.
4.What makes LCDS different frm the thers?
A.Field trips.
B.A variety f curses.
C.One-t-ne classes.
D.Award-winning prgrams.
答案 A
解析 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)★L(fēng)OUDOUN COUNTRY DAY SCHOOL部分中的“It’s famus fr its unique field trips.”可知,它以獨(dú)特的實(shí)地考察旅行而聞名。由此可知,LOUDOUN鄉(xiāng)村走讀學(xué)校與其他學(xué)校的不同之處在于它提供實(shí)地考察旅行。故選A。
5.Why is NYSMITH SCHOOL ppular amng students?
A.It has n hmewrk.
B.It is the wrld’s best schl.
C.It is a frequent winner f the Tmmy Award.
D.It gives them a chance t learn frm experience.
答案 D
解析 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)★NYSMITH SCHOOL部分中的“Hands-n experimental learning,a great attractin fr students acrss the cuntry.”可知,動(dòng)手實(shí)驗(yàn)學(xué)習(xí),對(duì)全國(guó)各地的學(xué)生有很大的吸引力。由此可知,NYSMITH學(xué)校之所以吸引學(xué)生,是因?yàn)樗o了他們一個(gè)從經(jīng)驗(yàn)中學(xué)習(xí)的機(jī)會(huì)。故選D。
6.Which schl specializes in persnalized educatin?
A.LOUDOUN COUNTRY DAY SCHOOL.
B.NYSMITH SCHOOL.
C.FUSION ACADEMY TYSONS.
D.RANDOLPH-MACON ACADEMY.
答案 C
解析 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)★FUSION ACADEMY TYSONS部分中的“Fusin Academy is a private middle and high schl where all classes are ne-t- is persnalized,and n hmewrk ges hme.”可知,F(xiàn)usin Academy是一所私立中學(xué)和高中,所有班級(jí)都是一對(duì)一的。日程安排是個(gè)性化的,回家沒有家庭作業(yè)。由此可知,F(xiàn)USION ACADEMY TYSONS學(xué)校擅長(zhǎng)個(gè)性化教育。故選C。
強(qiáng)化練(十一) 應(yīng)用文
A
These destinatins march t the beat f their wn drum.S put n yur dancing shes and head t these sweet-sunding cities.
New Orleans
In the 19th century,slaves gathered n Sundays t play drums,dance,and sing in Cng Square.Thse lively rhythms f Africa ran head n with the sunds f Eurpe t create jazz,a typical American art frm that has inspired generatins f Americans and spread arund the glbe.But this isn’t suit-wearing,head-ndding,plite jazz.New Orleans jazz sweeps yu ff yur feet and makes yu jump and clap and sing alng.
Chicag
Large numbers f African-Americans left the Suth in search f better pprtunities during 1916-1970 and Chicag attracted scres f these peple,wh brught with them the sund f the Mississippi River.Here,it changed int smething sad and symphnic:blues.Blues was nt brn in Chicag,but it was here that it fund a new vice and began t spread its message arund the wrld.
Memphis
Memphis is the birthplace f rck and rll.It was here in Sun Studis in the summer f 1951 that Ike Turner and his band the Delta Cats recrded “Rcket 88”,widely regarded as the first rck and rll sng.But,like s many great things,it happened by accident that the guitarist’s ludspeaker brke dwn during the recrding,creating a unique guitar sund that wuld becme a hallmark f the music.Peple didn’t knw hw t classify it,but they knew they lved it.The rest is histry.
New Yrk City
New Yrk is ne f the wrld’s greatest cities where yu can listen t all kinds f music.But t experience a true New Yrk state f mind,yu have t leave the shiny twers and Bradway shws f Manhattan and head t Harlem,the Brnx,Brklyn,and Queens t explre the city’s hip-hp histry.
eq \x(語(yǔ)篇解讀 本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了爵士、布魯斯、搖滾及嘻哈樂的起源及特色。)
1.What d New Orleans jazz and Chicag blues have in cmmn?
A.They sund very sad.
B.They have similar rigin.
C.They happened by accident.
D.They are played n the guitar.
答案 B
解析 推理判斷題。根據(jù)New Orleans一節(jié)中的第二句及Chicag一節(jié)中的第一、二句可推斷,爵士及布魯斯音樂的起源很相似:都是源于美國(guó)。故選B。
2.When was rck and rll brn?
A.In the 19th century.
B.In the late 19th century.
C.In the early 20th century.
D.In the mid-20th century.
答案 D
解析 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Memphis一節(jié)中的第二句可知,搖滾樂是在20世紀(jì)中期誕生的。故選D。
3.What are Harlem and Queens knwn fr?
A.Blues. B.Jazz.
C.Hip-hp. D.Rck and rll.
答案 C
解析 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)New Yrk City一節(jié)中的第二句可知,哈萊姆區(qū)和皇后區(qū)以嘻哈文化而著名。故選C。
B
Scientific educatinal tys can develp kid’s reasning,prblem-slving and critical thinking capacity and imprve their hand-eye crdinatin(協(xié)調(diào)).But the mst pwerful thing is that the children will assciate learning with fun.That means they will grw int adults with a thirst fr knwledge and a highly develped set f skills fr learning.Here are sme f the best:
·Science Kit
Yu can guarantee tw things if yu buy yur kids ne:a lt f fun and a lt f mess.It’s a 20-piece kit that teaches the basics f chemical reactins.It’s recmmended fr kids aged 6 and abve,with adult cmpany.Yu dn’t have t be a scientist,since there is an activity bk with instructins fr pssible experiments.
·Mini Terra Kit
Yu dn’t have t wait fr the sun t cme ut t teach kids abut the natural wrld.This all-inclusive kit is a miniature garden that simulates a natural envirnment by using a pwerful LED light.It includes a terrarium jar,light-up jar lid,Micr USB charger,and all the natural ingredients t get started.It als has a simple instructin bklet that yu can wrk thrugh with yur kids.
·Gravity Run
This classic is nt just abut building a structure and watching the marbles g up and dwn.The games are designed fr kids aged 8+ t develp spatial awareness,planning,and reasning.With 60 challenges (beginner t expert),this award-winning game can be enjyed by all the family.The expert levels are actually quite challenging,s be prepared fr sme failures.
·WeR Kit
This prize-winning rbt ty features ver 840 pieces,a WeR Mve Hub,Interactive Mt,and a Distance Sensr.Yu can build it int 5 cmpletely different rbts,meaning endless fun fr the kids and even adults.Once they’ve built the character f their chice,they can prgramme it t perfrm cuntless tasks including walking and talking n its wn.
eq \x(語(yǔ)篇解讀 本文是一篇應(yīng)用文,介紹了四種有助于培養(yǎng)孩子們思維和動(dòng)手能力的玩具。)
4.What is the greatest strength f scientific educatinal tys?
A.Training yung scientists.
B.Stimulating learning desire.
C.Develping hand-eye crdinatin.
D.Building up prblem-slving habits.
答案 B
解析 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從首段第二句可知,科學(xué)教育玩具的最大優(yōu)勢(shì)是將玩和學(xué)聯(lián)系起來(lái),即激發(fā)孩子的學(xué)習(xí)欲望。故選B。
5.Which ty suits kids wh enjy grwing plants?
A.Science Kit. B.Mini Terra Kit.
C.Gravity Run. D.WeR Kit.
答案 B
解析 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Mini Terra Kit部分的前三句可知,Mini Terra Kit這個(gè)玩具可以讓孩子接觸自然世界。因此適合喜歡植物的孩子。故選B。
6.What is special abut WeR Kit?
A.It has different levels.
B.It is the nly prize-winner.
C.It requires parental guidance.
D.It invlves prgramming skills.
答案 D
解析 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)WeR Kit部分的第三句可知,WeR Kit的特別之處在于它涉及編程技能。故選D。
C
Teen Adventure:Eurpe Cast t Cast 2022
If yu are interested in Eurpe Cast t Cast fr the summer f 2022,please reach ut t us and we will ntify yu when we’ve published the 2022 schedule and pened the applicatin.
Hlland,Belgium,Paris
Our grup will gather in Amsterdam and spend the first night in the ancient Dutch city f Haarlem befre picking up the well-traveled Nrdzeerute bike rute.This prtected,castal path winds its way alng the cast f the Nrth Sea fr nearly 300 miles,past windmills and ver banks.We’ll make ur way thrugh charming Dutch and Belgian twns and crss the brder int France.Once in France,we’ll ride quiet cuntry rads thrugh small villages,enjying the many delights f rural French life alng ur way.We’ll cntinue suth t Chantilly and take a train in t spend a day in the City f Light.
Rural France,Germany’s Black Frest & the Bdensee
Frm Paris,we cntinue east thrugh the vineyard(葡萄園) cvered hills f the Champagne regin,int the green valleys f Alsace-Lrraine,and then n t Strasburg,right n France’s brder with Germany.We’ll crss the Rhine River and fllw Germany’s utstanding netwrk f bike paths thrugh the charming Black Frest t the shres f Lake Cnstance,als knwn in Germany as the Bdensee.We’ll lk acrss this famus lake t the snw-cvered peaks f the Alps—the next leg f ur jurney tgether.
The Alps,Nrthern Italy Venice
Leaving the Bdensee,we’ll start ur climb int and thrugh the Austrian Alps.Shrtly after skirting the Swiss brder,we’ll crss int Bella Italia and begin ur dwnhill descent(斜坡) tward the warm waters f the Adriatic Sea.Upn arrival,we’ll put ur bikes away and spend ur final days tgether celebrating ur great cycling skills while explring Venice,ne f the wrld’s mst beautiful and mysterius cities.
eq \x(語(yǔ)篇解讀 這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了Eurpe Cast t Cast 2022年夏季活動(dòng)的行程。)
7.Where will the adventurers explre the City f Light?
A.In France. B.In Hlland.
C.In Belgium. D.In Germany.
答案 A
解析 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Hlland,Belgium,Paris部分中的最后兩句可知,冒險(xiǎn)者將在法國(guó)探索光明之城。故選A。
8.What will the adventurers d in Germany?
A.Swim in the Rhine River.
B.Sail n Lake Cnstance.
C.Get t the tp f the Alps.
D.Ride thrugh the Black Frest.
答案 D
解析 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Rural France,Germany’s Black Frest & the Bdensee部分中的第二句可知,冒險(xiǎn)者將在德國(guó)騎自行車穿過(guò)黑森林。故選D。
9.Hw many cuntries will the adventurers crss in ttal?
A.Five. B.Six.
C.Seven. D.Eight.
答案 B
解析 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Hlland,Belgium,Paris部分中的第三句“ and Belgian twns and crss the brder int France.”及Rural France,Germany’s Black Frest & the Bdensee部分中的第二句“ Germany’s utstanding netwrk f bike paths...”及最后一段前兩句中的the Austrian Alps、Bella Italia可知,冒險(xiǎn)者穿過(guò)荷蘭、比利時(shí)、法國(guó)、德國(guó)、奧地利及意大利,共6個(gè)國(guó)家。故選B。選材
信息量大,文句精煉,形式靈活,用最少的篇幅傳達(dá)最大量的信息。
內(nèi)容
生活化,實(shí)用化,多樣化。如產(chǎn)品宣傳、服務(wù)介紹、通知、海報(bào)、啟事、招生招聘等。
形式
標(biāo)題醒目,重點(diǎn)突出,條理清晰,常用粗體字或各類題目符號(hào)使文章結(jié)構(gòu)更加鮮明。
語(yǔ)言
人名、地名、專用名詞多;生詞多;縮略詞、祈使句、省略句多;結(jié)構(gòu)不完整。
命題
其命題角度主要考查考生提取信息和處理信息的能力,既注重特定細(xì)節(jié)的篩選、類比、綜合,又注重推理判斷題的考查,題目設(shè)置相對(duì)容易。
策略指導(dǎo)
技法解讀
先題后文
先讀題目,了解考點(diǎn);明確目的,快速捕捉,獲取信息。
題干定向
根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞找到文中答案范圍,按照題目順序依次而下;問(wèn)題與原文相同,對(duì)號(hào)入座,通過(guò)同義替換、歸納事實(shí)等方法確定答案。
生詞模糊
遇到生詞,如無(wú)關(guān)答題,直接跳過(guò);涉及答題,則根據(jù)語(yǔ)境、構(gòu)詞法等猜詞。
信息補(bǔ)全
對(duì)于影響理解的省略句,可根據(jù)語(yǔ)境,將其補(bǔ)全。
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語(yǔ)篇解讀 這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了四所學(xué)校的情況,包括年級(jí)、聯(lián)系方式和學(xué)校特色等信息。
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