?專題06 謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)(二)【學(xué)與練】
學(xué)完成體
考點(diǎn)一 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
1. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu):
主語 + 助動(dòng)詞have(has) + 動(dòng)詞過去分詞
否定句:have/has后加not, haven’t/hasn’t
一般疑問句:have/has提前
2. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法:
(1)表示過去發(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果,強(qiáng)調(diào)的是這個(gè)結(jié)果或影響,常與yet,already,just,before,lately等時(shí)間狀語連用。
—Have you had your lunch yet? 你吃過午飯了嗎?
—Yes, I have. I have just had it. 是的,我剛吃過。(現(xiàn)在我不餓了。)
I have already posted the photos. 我已經(jīng)寄過這些照片了。(這些照片已不在我這里了。)
(2)過去發(fā)生的事情,一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在(其謂語動(dòng)詞多是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或表示狀態(tài)的詞)。
I haven’t seen her these days. 近來我一直沒見過他。
I’ve known Li Lei for three years. 我認(rèn)識(shí)李雷已經(jīng)三年了。
They have lived here since 1996. 他們自從1996年就住在這兒。
She has taught us since I came to this school. 自從我來這所學(xué)校,她就教我。
3. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)多與下列時(shí)間狀語連用:
(1)用于"過去發(fā)生的事,對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果"的時(shí)間狀語有:
(2)用于"過去發(fā)生的事,一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在"的時(shí)間狀語有:
for + 時(shí)間段 for two years
since + 時(shí)間點(diǎn) since 2008
since then
since he came here
so far 目前;迄今為止
up to now=till now=by now 到現(xiàn)在為止;直到現(xiàn)在
all the time 總是;一直
recently/lately 最近
these days 近幾天
by the end of...到……末/結(jié)束 by the end of this month/year 到本月/年末
during /over the last (past) few years 在過去的幾年中
in the last /past days/ months/ years 在過去的幾個(gè)天/月/年中
(3)在條件、時(shí)間、讓步狀語從句中,表示將來某時(shí)以前已完成的動(dòng)作。
I will not believe you unless I have seen it with my own eyes.
I will go with you as soon as I have finished my work.
(4)非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的否定形式可以與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用即動(dòng)作不發(fā)生的狀態(tài)是可以持續(xù)的。
I haven’t received his letter for almost a month.
(5)since與for用法比較

用法
例句
since
用來說明動(dòng)作起始時(shí)間
I have lived here since I was born. 我從出生起就住在這里。
My aunt has worked in a clinic since 1949. 我姑姑從1949年開始一直在一個(gè)小診所工作。
for
用來說明動(dòng)作延續(xù)時(shí)間長(zhǎng)度
I have lived here for more than twenty years. 我在這里住了二十多年了。
3. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的常用固定句型
(1)That/This/It is the first (second, third ... ) time... (that) ...句型中,從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。
It is the first time that I have visited the city. 這是我第一次參觀這座城市。
It is the third time that the boy has been late. 這是這個(gè)男生第三次遲到了。
(2)"That/This/It is the + 形容詞最高級(jí) + 名詞 + (that)從句"中,that 從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。
This is the best film that I’ve (ever) seen. 這是我看過的最好看的電影。
(3)在"It is/has been + 一段時(shí)間 + since ... "句型中,主句常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),從句用一般過去時(shí)。
It has been/ It’s 5 years since we last met. 自從上一次我們見面到現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)是五年了。
It’s / It has been 3 months since the man died. 那人死去3個(gè)月了。
(4)一段時(shí)間+ 完成時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)+ since 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句
Two years has passed since I came here. 我來這兒已經(jīng)兩年了。
考點(diǎn)二過去完成時(shí)
1. 基本結(jié)構(gòu):
肯定句:主語 + had + 過去分詞 + 其他.
否定句:主語 + had + not + 過去分詞 + 其他.
一般疑問句:Had + 主語 + 過去分詞 + 其他?
特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞或詞組 + 一般疑問句(Had + 主語 + 過去分詞 + 其他)?
2. 基本用法
(1)表示在過去某一時(shí)刻或動(dòng)作以前完成了的動(dòng)作,也可以說過去的時(shí)間關(guān)于過去的動(dòng)作。即"過去的過去"。可以用by,before等介詞短語或一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句(在復(fù)合句中,由時(shí)間連接詞引導(dǎo)的狀語從句叫做時(shí)間狀語從句)來表示,也可以用一個(gè)表示過去的動(dòng)作來表示,還可能通過上下文來表示。
  By nine o’clock last night, we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship. 到昨晚9點(diǎn)鐘,我們已經(jīng)收到200 張飛船發(fā)來的圖片。
(2)表示由過去的某一時(shí)刻開始,一直延續(xù)到過去另一時(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),常和for,since構(gòu)成的時(shí)間狀語連用。
  I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came. 當(dāng)車來的時(shí)候,我在車站已經(jīng)等了20分鐘。
  He said he had worked in that factory since 1949. 他說自從1949年以來他就在那家工廠工作。
(3)過去完成時(shí)常常用在told,said,knew,heard,thought等動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句(或間接引語)中,這時(shí)從句中的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句表示的過去的動(dòng)作之前。
He said that he had known her well. 他說他很熟悉她。
  I thought I had sent the letter a week before. 我認(rèn)為我一星期前就把信寄出去了。
(4)動(dòng)詞think,want,hope,mean,plan,intend等用過去完成時(shí)來表示過去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的想法、希望、打算或意圖等。
  They had wanted to help but could not get there in time. 他們本來打算去幫忙,但沒有及時(shí)趕到那里。
  We had hoped to be able to come and see you. 我們本來希望能來看看你。
(5)過去完成時(shí)還可用在hardly...when...,no sooner... than...,It was the first (second, etc) time (that)...等固定句型中。
Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him. 他剛開始演講,聽眾就打斷了他。
  No sooner had he arrived than he went away again. 他剛到就又走了。
  It was the third time that he had been out of work that year. 這是他那一年第三次失業(yè)了。
考點(diǎn)三 將來完成時(shí)
1. 將來完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成:"will/shall + have + 過去分詞"。
Hopefully after three years at university I will have matured. 希望3年大學(xué)生活之后我能變成熟。
Only five short years later, your money will have grown by $94,000. 僅短短 5 年時(shí)間后,你的錢就會(huì)增多 94,000 美元。
He will have been heartened by the telephone opinion poll published yesterday. 他會(huì)為昨天公布的電話民意調(diào)查結(jié)果感到鼓舞。
2. 將來完成的用法
(1)表示"將來完成":即表示到將來某個(gè)時(shí)間為止勢(shì)必會(huì)完成或預(yù)計(jì)要完成的動(dòng)作。
When we get there, she’ll have gone to work. 我們到那里時(shí)她會(huì)已經(jīng)上班去了。
I expect you will have changed your mind by tomorrow. 我預(yù)料到明天你就會(huì)改變主意了。
(2)表示"持續(xù)":即表示某種狀況將一直持續(xù)到說話人所提及的某一將來時(shí)間。
We will have been married a year on June 25th. 到6月25日我們倆就結(jié)婚滿1年了。
By this time next week, I will have been working for this company for 24 years. 到下星期此刻,我就已經(jīng)為該公司工作24年了。
(3)表示"推測(cè):即表示根據(jù)某情況作出的推測(cè)。
That will have been Roland. He said he’d be back at 7. 準(zhǔn)是羅蘭。他說他7點(diǎn)鐘回來。
There will have been a definite result before Friday. 星期五以前肯定會(huì)有結(jié)果。
完成進(jìn)行體
考點(diǎn)一 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)
1. 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的定義
現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示某動(dòng)作從過去某個(gè)時(shí)間開始,一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,并且還有可能持續(xù)下去。
We have been waiting for him for two hours.
2. 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)
have/has been + doing
3. 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)所用的時(shí)間狀語
this month/week/year,these days,recently/lately,in the past few+時(shí)間段,since +時(shí)間點(diǎn),for+時(shí)間段。
They have been building the bridge for two months.
They have been planting trees this month. 這個(gè)月他們?cè)谥矘洹?br /> 4. 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法
(1)表示動(dòng)作的延續(xù)
The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years. 中國(guó)有2,000年的造紙歷史。(動(dòng)作還將繼續(xù)下去)
I have been learning English since three years ago. 自從三年前以來我一直在學(xué)英語。(表示在說話時(shí)刻之前剛剛結(jié)束的動(dòng)作)
We have been waiting for you for half an hour. 我們已經(jīng)等你半個(gè)鐘頭了。(動(dòng)作不再繼續(xù)下去)
★ 有些現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的句子等同于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句子。
They have been living in this city for ten years.
They have lived in this city for ten years. 他們?cè)谶@個(gè)城市已經(jīng)住了10年了。
I have been working here for five years.
I have worked here for five years. 我在這里已經(jīng)工作兩年了。
★大多數(shù)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的句子不等同于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句子。
I have been writing a book. 我一直在寫一本書。(動(dòng)作還將繼續(xù)下去)
I have written a book. 我已經(jīng)寫了一本書。(動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成)
They have been building a bridge. 他們一直在造一座橋。
They have built a bridge. 他們?cè)炝艘蛔鶚颉?br /> ★表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞不能用于現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。
I have known him for years. 我認(rèn)識(shí)他已經(jīng)好幾年了。
I have been knowing...(×)
★ 這類不能用于現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞還有:love愛,like喜歡,hate討厭等。

考點(diǎn)二 過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)
1. 構(gòu)成:過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)是由"had been +現(xiàn)在分詞"構(gòu)成。
She had been suffering from a bad cold when she took the exam. 她在考試之前一直患重感冒。
Had they been expecting the news for some time? 他們期待這個(gè)消息有一段時(shí)間了吧?
2. 用法:
(1)表示過去某一時(shí)間之前一直進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。
過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動(dòng)作在過去某一時(shí)間之前開始,一直延續(xù)到這一過去時(shí)間。和過去完成時(shí)一樣,過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)也必須以一過去時(shí)間為前提。過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)也是一個(gè)相對(duì)的時(shí)態(tài), 上下文中須有明示或暗示的作為參照的過去的時(shí)間。
I had been looking for it for days before I found it. 這東西我找了好多天才找著。
They had only been waiting for the bus a few minutes when it came. 他們只等了幾分鐘車就來了。
(2)表示反復(fù)的動(dòng)作。
He had been mentioning your name to me. 他過去多次向我提到過你的名字。
(3)過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)還常用于間接引語中。
The doctor asked what he had been eating. 醫(yī)生問他吃了什么。
I asked where they had been staying all those days. 我問他們那些天待在哪兒。
(4)過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)之后也可接具有"突然"之意的when從句。
I had only been reading a few minutes when he came in. 我剛看了幾分鐘他就進(jìn)來了。
She’d only been reviewing her lessons for a short while when her little sister interrupted her. 她溫習(xí)功課才一會(huì)兒,她妹妹就打斷她了。

學(xué)被動(dòng)語態(tài)
被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成
序號(hào)
常用被動(dòng)語態(tài)
構(gòu)成
序號(hào)
常用被動(dòng)語態(tài)
構(gòu)成
1
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
am/is/are asked
6
過去進(jìn)行時(shí)
was/were being asked
2
一般過去時(shí)
was/were asked
7
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
have/has been asked
3
一般將來時(shí)
shall/will be asked
8
過去完成時(shí)
had been asked
4
過去將來時(shí)
should/would be asked
9
將來完成時(shí)
will/would have been asked
5
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
am/is/are being asked
10
含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的
can/must/may be asked
注意事項(xiàng)
被動(dòng)語態(tài)的否定式是在第一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后加not,短語動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)態(tài)不可漏掉其中介副詞。固定結(jié)構(gòu)be going to, used to, have to, had better變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)態(tài)時(shí),只需將其后的動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)態(tài)。 如:
Trees should not be planted in summer. 夏天不應(yīng)該種樹。
The boy was made fun of by his classmates. 這個(gè)男孩被他的同學(xué)取笑。
Newspapers used to be sent here by the little girl. 報(bào)紙過去常被小女孩送到這里。
漢語有一類句子不出現(xiàn)主語,在英語中一般可用被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)表示。如:
It is believed that…??????????? It is generally considered that…?????????? It is said that…
It is well known that…???????? It must be pointed out that…????????????? It is supposed that…
It is reported that…??????????? It must be admitted that…??????????????? It is hoped that…
下面主動(dòng)形式常表示被動(dòng)意義:如:
The window wants/needs/requires repairing.????????? The book is worth reading twice.
The door won’t shut. / The play won’t act.??????????? The clothes washes well. / The book sells well.
The dish tastes delicious. / Water feels very cold.
下面詞或短語沒有被動(dòng)態(tài):
leave, enter, reach, become, benefit, cost, equal, contain, last, lack, fit, fail, have, appear, happen, occur, belong to, take place, break out, come about, agree with, keep up with, consist of, have on, lose heart等等

考點(diǎn)一 被動(dòng)語態(tài)的基本時(shí)態(tài)變化
被動(dòng)語態(tài)通常為十種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)形式,被動(dòng)語態(tài)由be+過去分詞構(gòu)成,be隨時(shí)態(tài)的變化而變化。各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)形式為(以do為例):
時(shí)
時(shí)

現(xiàn)在
過去
將來
過去將來
一般
is / am / are done
was / were done
will / shall be done
would / should be done
進(jìn)行
is / am / are being done
was / were being done


完成
have / has been done
had been done
will / shall have been done
would / should have been done
被動(dòng)語態(tài)的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)形式
(1)含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)為:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+過去分詞
Something must be done to stop the water from being polluted.
必須采取措施來制止水受到污染。
(2) “get+過去分詞”式被動(dòng)語態(tài)
在口語和非正式的語體中,常用“get+過去分詞”表示被動(dòng)語態(tài),其中g(shù)et相當(dāng)于be動(dòng)詞,起助動(dòng)詞的作用。這種形式一般用來談?wù)撏蝗话l(fā)生的事,通常只表示動(dòng)作,不表示狀態(tài)。
Some glasses got broken when we were moving.
我們搬家時(shí)有些玻璃杯被打碎了。
幾種主動(dòng)變被動(dòng)的規(guī)則
(1)有些動(dòng)詞可以有兩個(gè)賓語,在用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),可以把主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的一個(gè)賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z,另一賓語仍然保留在謂語后面。通常變?yōu)橹髡Z的是間接賓語。
His mother gave him a present for his birthday.
可改為 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday. (間接賓語為主語)
A present was given to him by his mother for his birthday. (直接賓語為主語,需加介詞to)
(2)當(dāng)"動(dòng)詞+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語"結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí),將賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語,其余不動(dòng)。
Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette.
可改為The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.
(3)在使役動(dòng)詞have, make, get以及感官動(dòng)詞see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作賓語補(bǔ)語時(shí),在主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式to要省略,但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),要加to。
Someone saw a stranger walk into the building.
可改為A stranger was seen to walk into the building.
(4)有些相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞詞組,如"動(dòng)詞+介詞","動(dòng)詞+副詞"等,也可以用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu),但要把它們看作一個(gè)整體,不能分開。其中的介詞或副詞也不能省略。
The meeting is to be put off till Friday.(介詞off不能遺漏)
5.當(dāng)句子的謂語為say,believe,expect,think,know,write,consider,report等時(shí),被動(dòng)語態(tài)有兩種形式:
(1)謂語動(dòng)詞用被動(dòng)語態(tài),動(dòng)詞不定式作主語補(bǔ)足語。
People said he was a smart boy.
可變?yōu)椋篒t was said that he was a smart boy.
He was said to be a smart boy
(2)用it作形式主語,真正的主語在后面用主語從句來表示。如:
類似句型有:It is said/known/suggested/believed/hoped/thought that...
考點(diǎn)二 不能用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的幾種情況:
1.(1)所有的不及物動(dòng)詞或不及物動(dòng)詞詞組不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
(2)表示狀態(tài)的謂語動(dòng)詞,如:last、hold、benefit、contain、equal、fit等。
(3)表示歸屬的動(dòng)詞,如have、own、belong to等。
(4)表示"希望、意圖"的動(dòng)詞,如:wish、want、hope、like、love、hate等。
(5)賓語是反身代詞或相互代詞時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)語態(tài),不能用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
考點(diǎn)三 主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義的情況:
(1)系動(dòng)詞沒有被動(dòng)形式,但有些表示感受、感官的連系動(dòng)詞feel,sound,taste,book,feel等在主系表結(jié)構(gòu)中常以主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。
(2)當(dāng)cut,sell,read,write,fill,cook,lock,wash,drive,keep等詞帶狀語修飾語時(shí);
(3)當(dāng)break out、take place、shut off、turn off、work out等動(dòng)詞詞組表示"發(fā)生、關(guān)閉、制定"等意思時(shí);
(4)want,require,need后面的動(dòng)名詞用主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)含義。
(5)be worth doing用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。
(6)在"be + 形容詞 + to do"中,不定式的邏輯賓語是句子的主語,用主動(dòng)代被動(dòng)。
另外:be to blame(受譴責(zé)),be to rent(出租)也用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)。
練單句語法填空
1. Some American scholars ________ (think) China could hardly realize food-sufficiency because of the limited water resources, decrease of agricultural land due to industrial expansion and the fast population growth.
2.A new group of free employees have been added to a French workforce. So far, a theme park in western France ________ (employ) six birds, more exactly six crows, to collect and deal with garbage — mainly cigarette ends and other small pieces.
3.Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a health care system in which patients ________ (treat) with natural plant, animal, and mineral remedies (藥物).
4.In the afternoon, we delivered a lecture to the students there. Not only ________ we give them tips on how to choose proper books for themselves, but also guided them on how to read different kinds of books.
5.When the two parts ________ (put) together, it means people keeping their words win trust. You can understand the philosophy at first glance.
6.I________ (walk) across Altrincham Road one morning when a cyclist went round me and on being asked what he was doing he shouted at me.
7.Even though there ________ (be) more opportunities to go out and do fun things in the city, it may take focus away from your studies.
8.That promise may be years away from realization but rapid typing enabled by bioprinting at present ________ (push) medical advances forward at pace.
9.Born in 712, Du Fu lived through the violent fall of China's brilliant Tang Dynasty. He had the desire to serve his country, but his life ________ (destroy) by the An Lushan Rebellion of 755.
10.Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like frequently by plane ________(view) as important for scientists to get together and exchange information.
11.To stay healthy, the report ________ (suggest) that people do at least 150 minutes of moderate (適中的) physical activity or 75 minutes of intense physical activity every week.
12.Hot pot restaurants can ________ (find) on pretty much every street in Chengdu,but the quality and taste can vary hugely.
13.In the past many years, the giant panda ________ (drive) out of the lowland areas where it once lived as a result of farming, deforestation and other development.
14.In those toughest days, donations in cash and kind ________ (make) to help battle the disease. Thanks to the joint efforts, everything is getting better and better.
15.Plastic microbeads or tiny solid plastic particles ________ (use) mostly in cosmetics production, face washes, toothpastes and other products. When we use these things, the plastic microbeads get into our pipes that carry water, and eventually end up in the ocean.
16.According to HuffPost, more than 3 million people in the United States are vegans. In the UK, about 542,000 people ________ (choose) veganism over the past decade.
17.Years ago, when I was a poor artist trying to sell my paintings in local galleries, I________ (live) in the heart of the city.
18.Eggs are great for breakfast and can ________ (cook) in different ways. One topic of debate, however, is why brown chicken eggs usually cost more than white ones.
19.Lucia was concentrating on her report, but the child's continual crying _________(drive) her crazy.
20.Last year, a total of 57 pairs of oriental storks ________ (find) to nest and reproduce outside the reserve.
21.But it didn't take long for Wu Lei to fit in after he ________ (move) from Shanghai SIPG to Spanish club Espanyol at the end of January.
22.We________ (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old and shaky but did the job.
23.The humble man ________ (refuse) an interview invitation after becoming an Internet star and said that he just did what he felt he should.
24.When replying to a Hong Kong student’s question about water, Wang explained that the water they drink ________ (recycle), noting that there is no difference in taste between regular water and recycled water and every drop of water is made full use of there.
25.The team________ (treat) more than 3,000 people who were injured in the 2006 earthquake in Indonesia, and spent several months giving aid to over 25,000 victims of the 2010 floods in Pakistan.
26.For years, large number of Harry Potter fans________ (be) to Edinburgh, Scotland, to visit the sites where it was reported author J.K. Rowling had started writing the series.
27.Greta Thunberg, a 16-year-old Swedish climate change activist, ________ (elect) as 2019's “Person of The Year” last week.
28.Bike-to-Work Day is held every year across North America on the third Friday of May. It________ (start) by the League of American Bicyclists in 1956.
29.She would also like to see how she looks, cook a big meal for her parents and take a walk in the places she ________ (be) to hundreds of times.
30.Till now new dates ________ (set) for the games-the Games will be held between July 23, 2021 and August 8, 2021.
練短文語法填空
閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
Test 1
Henan TV’s “Mid-Autumn Wonderful Tour” takes ____1____ (tradition) culture as its core content, and ____2____(adopt) the form of “web series” + “web variety shows” to present the beauty of intangible heritage, ____3____ is “beyond your imagination”.
Chinese dance “crane coming home” shows the elegant posture and power of cranes and the beauty of the full moon ____4____ the Mid-Autumn night, while at ____5____ same time delivering good wishes for the Mid-Autumn festival with the “crane”.
Martial art dance “Shaolin kung fu” presents the wonderful picture of dancers ____6____ (enter)the world of murals (壁畫) and competing with monks. ____7____ (main) filmed in the Shaolin Temple, the show featured four different ____8____ (scene), namely, "Wind, Fire, Forest and Mountain", to present the magic of Chinese kung fu.
Program “Guanghan Palace”, takes the fairy tale of Chang'e running to the moon as the prototype, and uses ____9____ (advance) techniques to visualize the beautiful life of Chang'e, yutu, moon, and Guanghan palace. The dancers' gentle steps and the lunar astronauts form a beautiful painting that expresses the vision of lunar exploration ____10____ ancient times to now.
Test 2
A recent survey by China Youth Daily found that 60 percent of respondents spend a daily average of more than an hour ____11____(watch) short videos, with 11 percent spending three hours or more on ____12____(they). Of the 2,017 total respondents, 74.2 percent said ____13____(reason) time management is necessary ____14____(avoid) excessive viewing of short videos.
Short videos can be addictive ____15____social media platforms keep recommending relevant content once a video ends, said Yang Binyan,____16____is a researcher with the Institute of Journalism and Communication Studies at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. She ____17____(add) that short videos, often showing fragments from day-to-day life, can induce (誘導(dǎo)) a feeling of social connectedness in viewers.
____18____ total of 73.7 percent of those surveyed said netizens (網(wǎng)蟲) should take part in more offline ____19____ (activity), including outdoor ones, to avoid overindulgence in short videos, while 50.8% suggest such platforms set up an anti-addiction system.
The number of China’s online short video users reached 873 million by the end of 2020, accounting_____20_____ 88 percent of total internet users.
Test 3
The name "Zhurong", ____21____means the god of fire in Chinese mythology, was revealed on Saturday at the opening ceremony of this year's events ____22____(mark) the Space Day of China held in Nanjing, capital city of east China's Jiangsu Province.
The name____23____(indicate) Chinese people's blessing for the rover to ignite(點(diǎn)燃) the flame of China's planetary exploration. The rover is 1.85 meters high____24____ weighs about 240 kilograms, ____25____ a designed lifespan of three Martian months – equal to about 92 Earth days. It will probe the composition of the Martian surface, the distribution(分布) of____26____( material), the geological structure and the meteorological(氣象的) environment.
After landing, "Zhurong" the rover will be activated and conduct scientific exploration for ____27____(it) expected lifespan of at least 90 Martian days, ____28____(approximate) three months on Earth. The mission will study Mars' climate, geology, physical fields and internal structure. ____29____(support) the study, "Zhurong" _____30_____(equip) with multiple scientific payloads.
練單句語法填空答案解析
1.【答案】thought
【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意:美國(guó)有學(xué)者認(rèn)為,由于水資源有限,工業(yè)擴(kuò)張導(dǎo)致農(nóng)業(yè)用地減少,人口快速增長(zhǎng),中國(guó)很難實(shí)現(xiàn)糧食自給。根據(jù)“think”后賓語從句謂語動(dòng)詞“could hardly realize”(很難實(shí)現(xiàn))是一般過去時(shí),所以空格處也用一般過去時(shí)。故填thought。
2.【答案】has employed
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意:一群新的自由雇員加入了法國(guó)的勞動(dòng)力大軍。到目前為止,法國(guó)西部的一個(gè)主題公園雇傭了六只鳥,更準(zhǔn)確地說是六只烏鴉,來收集和處理垃圾——主要是煙頭和其它小碎片。分析句子成分可知,此處缺少謂語動(dòng)詞,根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語so far,可知時(shí)態(tài)為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí);句子主語a theme park和動(dòng)詞employ之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,且主語是單數(shù)名詞。故填has employed。
3.【答案】are treated
【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài),語態(tài)和主謂一致。句意:中醫(yī)是一種用天然植物、動(dòng)物和礦物藥物治療病人的保健系統(tǒng)。根據(jù)句意可知,此句描述一般事實(shí),故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。主語patients與treat是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,故用被動(dòng)語態(tài),因此句子用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài),即is/are done,主語patients是復(fù)數(shù),因此空格處是are treated,故填are treated。
4.【答案】did
【解析】考查部分倒裝。句意:我們不僅教他們?nèi)绾螢樽约哼x擇合適的書,而且還指導(dǎo)他們?nèi)绾伍喿x不同種類的書?!皀ot only”置于句首,用部分裝結(jié)構(gòu);根據(jù)“but also guided them”可知,此處為一般過去時(shí),所以空格處也要用一般過去時(shí);該處謂語動(dòng)詞是“give”,所以用助動(dòng)詞do/did/does。故填did。
5.【答案】are put
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞語態(tài)和時(shí)態(tài)。句意:當(dāng)這兩部分結(jié)合在一起時(shí),就意味著言行一致的人贏得了信任。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此空處為謂語動(dòng)詞;此處描述客觀事實(shí),故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí);謂語動(dòng)詞put和主語parts之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故用被動(dòng)語態(tài);主語為復(fù)數(shù),故謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式,故填are put。
6.【答案】was walking
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意:一天早上,我正散步穿過阿爾特林查姆路,一個(gè)騎自行車的人繞過我,當(dāng)被問及他在做什么時(shí),他對(duì)我大喊大叫。此處為固定句型sb. was/were doing...when...,表示“某人正在做某事,這時(shí)……”。主語為I,be動(dòng)詞用was。故填was walking。
7.【答案】are
【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)及主謂一致。句意:即使在城市里有更多的外出和做有趣的事情的機(jī)會(huì),這可能會(huì)分散你學(xué)習(xí)的注意力。句子陳述的是客觀事實(shí),用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí);根據(jù)there be句型中的主語more opportunities可知,應(yīng)用are。故填are。
8.【答案】is pushing
【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意:這一前景可能還需要數(shù)年時(shí)間才能實(shí)現(xiàn),但目前生物打印帶來的快速打印功能正在推動(dòng)醫(yī)學(xué)進(jìn)步的步伐。表示動(dòng)作目前正在進(jìn)行,應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí),主語為rapid typing,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。故填is pushing。
9.【答案】was destroyed
【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)。句意:杜甫出生于公元712年,經(jīng)歷了中國(guó)輝煌的唐朝的滅亡。他有報(bào)效祖國(guó)的愿望,但755年的安史之亂毀了他的生活。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處為句子的謂語動(dòng)詞,由時(shí)間狀語the An Lushan Rebellion of 755可知,時(shí)態(tài)用一般過去時(shí),主語his life和謂語destroy是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,用一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)(was/were done),主語為his life,謂語用單數(shù)形式。故填was destroyed.
10.【答案】is viewed##has been viewed
【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)。句意:經(jīng)常乘飛機(jī)去參加會(huì)議、演講、研討會(huì)等,被認(rèn)為是科學(xué)家們聚在一起交流信息的重要方式。描述人們普遍認(rèn)知的事情用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),此處也可以表示強(qiáng)調(diào)人們從過去到現(xiàn)在的認(rèn)知,用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。動(dòng)名詞作主語與謂語之間存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故可以用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)或現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài),且動(dòng)名詞作主語,謂語用單數(shù)。故填is viewed/has been viewed。
11.【答案】suggests 
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意:為了保持健康,報(bào)告表明,人們至少每周進(jìn)行150分鐘的適度的體力活動(dòng)或75分鐘的劇烈的體力活動(dòng)。分析句子可知,suggest作謂語動(dòng)詞,描述客觀事實(shí)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),主語the report是單數(shù),謂語動(dòng)詞suggest應(yīng)用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故填suggests。
12.【答案】be found 
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞的語態(tài)。句意:成都幾乎每條街都能找到火鍋餐廳,但質(zhì)量和味道差別很大。 分析句子可知,find是謂語動(dòng)詞,動(dòng)詞find和句子主語Hot pot restaurants之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài),“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+過去分詞”是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài),故填be found。
13.【答案】has been driven 
【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)。句意:在過去的許多年里,由于農(nóng)業(yè)、森林砍伐和其他發(fā)展,大熊貓已經(jīng)被趕出了它曾經(jīng)生活的低地地區(qū)。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語In the past many years可知,此處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí);drive在此處意為“驅(qū)逐,趕走”,panda和drive之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。故填has been driven。
14.【答案】were made 
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意:在那些最艱難的日子里,人們用現(xiàn)金和實(shí)物捐款來幫助抗擊疾病。由于大家的共同努力,一切都越來越好了。根據(jù)In those toughest days可知,這里在指過去的事情,句子主語donations是復(fù)數(shù)形式,和make之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以此處用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。故填were made。
15.【答案】are used 
【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意:塑料微珠或細(xì)小的固體塑料微粒在化妝品、洗面奶、牙膏和其他產(chǎn)品中被廣泛使用。該段的主時(shí)態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),Plastic microbeads or tiny solid plastic particles和use之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。故填are used。
16.【答案】have chosen
【解析】考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。句意:據(jù)《赫芬頓郵報(bào)》報(bào)道,美國(guó)有超過三百萬人都是純素食主義者。在過去的十年間,英國(guó)大約有54.2萬人選擇了素食。因?yàn)榫淠┯袝r(shí)間狀語over the past decade,所以句子謂語動(dòng)詞要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。故填have chosen。
17.【答案】lived
【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意:很多年前,當(dāng)我還是個(gè)在本地畫廊試圖賣畫的窮畫家時(shí),我就住在城市中心了。由時(shí)間狀語Years ago和時(shí)間狀語從句可知,主句中的動(dòng)作live發(fā)生在過去,要用一般過去時(shí)。故填lived。
18.【答案】be cooked
【解析】考查被動(dòng)語態(tài)。句意:雞蛋是很好的早餐,可以有不同的烹飪方法。然而,爭(zhēng)論的一個(gè)話題是為什么棕色雞蛋通常比白色雞蛋貴。雞蛋是被烹飪,句子用被動(dòng)語態(tài),“can”是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,其后的被動(dòng)語態(tài)是be cooked,故填be cooked。
19.【答案】drove
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意:露西亞在專心做她的報(bào)告,但是孩子不斷的哭鬧要把她逼瘋了。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意思可知,此空考查一般過去時(shí)的謂語動(dòng)詞,“drive sb. crazy”把某人逼瘋的意思。故填drove。
20.【答案】were found
【解析】
【分析】考查一般過去時(shí)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。句意:去年,共有57對(duì)東方鶴在保護(hù)區(qū)外筑巢和繁殖。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語Last year可知,此處應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)。動(dòng)詞find和主語oriental storks構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以這里用一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。故填were found。
21.【答案】moved
【解析】考查一般過去時(shí)。句意:但在一月底從上海上港轉(zhuǎn)會(huì)到西班牙人俱樂部后,武磊很快就融入了球隊(duì)。分析可知,設(shè)空處為從句謂語動(dòng)詞,根據(jù)語境及at the end of January可知,此處使用一般過去時(shí),該空應(yīng)填過去式moved。故填moved。
22.【答案】hired
【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意:我們從南門的租賃處租了自行車。我的自行車又舊又搖晃,但騎起來還行。分析句子可知,此處為謂語動(dòng)詞,根據(jù)上下文可知,此處描述過去發(fā)生的事情,用一般過去時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用過去式hired。故填hired。
23.【答案】refused
【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意:這位謙虛的男子在成為網(wǎng)絡(luò)明星后拒絕了采訪邀請(qǐng),稱自己只是做了自己認(rèn)為應(yīng)該做的事。根據(jù)“and”后并列謂語動(dòng)詞“said”是一般過去時(shí),所以空格處也要填一般過去時(shí)。故填refused。
24.【答案】is recycled
【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意:在回答一名香港學(xué)生關(guān)于水的問題時(shí),王解釋說他們喝的水是被循環(huán)過的,并指出普通水和循環(huán)水的味道沒有區(qū)別,每一滴水都被充分利用。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處“that the water they drink ____ (recycle)”是位于“explained”后的賓語從句;從句中主語是“the water”,其后的“they drink”是定語從句修飾該主語;所以空格處應(yīng)該填謂語動(dòng)詞,其與主語之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,且賓語從句中所用時(shí)態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),所以空格處也用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí);主語“the water”是不可數(shù)名詞,所以謂語動(dòng)詞要用三單式。故填is recycled。
25.【答案】treated
【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意:該團(tuán)隊(duì)在2006年印尼地震中治療了3000多名受傷人員,并在2010年巴基斯坦洪水中花了幾個(gè)月的時(shí)間為2.5萬多名受害者提供援助。分析可知,所填動(dòng)詞為句子的謂語動(dòng)詞,結(jié)合時(shí)間 “in the 2006 earthquake”可知,應(yīng)是一般過去時(shí)。故填treated。
26.【答案】have been
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意:多年來,大量的哈利·波特迷都去蘇格蘭的愛丁堡,參觀據(jù)報(bào)道作者J·K·羅琳開始創(chuàng)作該系列小說的地方。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語For years可知,用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),主語fans復(fù)數(shù),謂語復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填have been。
27.【答案】was elected
【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài),語態(tài)和主謂一致。句意:上周,16歲的瑞典氣候變化活動(dòng)家格蕾塔·通伯格(Greta Thunberg)當(dāng)選為2019年“年度人物”。分析句子可知,此處是句子謂語動(dòng)詞,主語“Greta Thunberg”和“elect”之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,由“l(fā)ast week”判斷時(shí)態(tài)為一般過去時(shí),應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài),即was/were done,主語是單數(shù),因此空格處是was elected,故填was elected。
28.【答案】was started
【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意:它是在1956年由美國(guó)自行車聯(lián)盟發(fā)起的。根據(jù)句中“in 1956”可知句子陳述的是過去的事,且句中It代指的Bike-to-Work Day與start為邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系,即Bike-to-Work Day被發(fā)起,所以句子應(yīng)用一般過時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài),It與was連用,start的過去分詞為started。故填was started。
29.【答案】has been
【解析】考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。句意:她還想看看自己長(zhǎng)得怎么樣,為父母做頓大餐,在去過幾百次的地方散散步。根據(jù)hundreds of times以及句意可知,此處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。主語為she,助動(dòng)詞用has。故填has been。
30.【答案】have been set
【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意:到目前為止,奧運(yùn)會(huì)已經(jīng)確定了新的日期——2021年7月23日至2021年8月8日之間舉行。分析句意,句中的時(shí)間狀語Till now譯為“到目前為止”,是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語。主語 new dates和提示詞set之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài),且主語是dates,謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填have been set。
練短文語法填空答案解析
Test 1
1.traditional 2.a(chǎn)dopts 3.which 4.on 5.the
6.entering 7.Mainly 8.scenes 9.a(chǎn)dvanced 10.from
【解析】這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章介紹了河南衛(wèi)視的《中秋奇妙游》中一系列體現(xiàn)了傳統(tǒng)文化的節(jié)目。
1.考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意:河南電視臺(tái)的“中秋節(jié)奇妙游”以傳統(tǒng)文化為核心內(nèi)容,采用“網(wǎng)絡(luò)連續(xù)劇”+”網(wǎng)絡(luò)綜藝節(jié)目的形式,“呈現(xiàn)非物質(zhì)遺產(chǎn)之美,這些都“超出你的想象”。通過分析可知,此處修飾名詞culture,應(yīng)該用形容詞。故填traditional。
2.考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意同上。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,adopt做謂語, 與takes構(gòu)成并列謂語動(dòng)詞。故填adopts。
3.考查非限制性定語從句。句意同上。分析可知,此處是非限定性定語從句,指代前文描述的節(jié)目,在從句中作主語,應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)。故填which。
4.考查介詞。句意:中國(guó)舞蹈《鶴歸來兮》展示了鶴優(yōu)雅的姿態(tài)和力量,以及中秋節(jié)夜的滿月之美,同時(shí)用“鶴”祝福中秋節(jié)。此處指“在中秋節(jié)的晚上”,應(yīng)用介詞on。 故填on。
5.考查冠詞。句意同上。固定搭配at the same time。故填 the。
6.考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:武術(shù)舞蹈《少林·功夫》呈現(xiàn)了舞者進(jìn)入壁畫世界并與僧侶競(jìng)技的精彩畫面。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,enter作名詞dancers的后置定語,主動(dòng)關(guān)系,應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞。故填entering。
7.考查副詞。句意:該劇主要在少林寺拍攝,以“風(fēng)、火、森林、山”四個(gè)不同的場(chǎng)景為特色,來呈現(xiàn)了中國(guó)功夫的魅力。此處修飾動(dòng)詞film,應(yīng)用副詞。 故填Mainly。
8.考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。句意同上。scene為可數(shù)名詞,前有修飾詞different,應(yīng)用名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填scenes。
9.考查形容詞。句意:《廣寒宮》這個(gè)節(jié)目,以嫦娥奔月神話為原型,運(yùn)用先進(jìn)的技術(shù),可視化嫦娥、玉兔、月亮、廣寒宮的美麗生活。此處修飾后面名詞techniques,應(yīng)該用形容詞。故填advanced。
10.考查介詞。句意:舞者輕柔的腳步和月球宇航員形成了一幅美麗的畫,表達(dá)了從古代到現(xiàn)在的月球探索景象。分析結(jié)構(gòu)并結(jié)合句意可知,此處是固定搭配from.....to ...。 故填from。
Test
11.watching 12.them 13.reasonable 14.to avoid 15.a(chǎn)s##because
16.who 17.a(chǎn)dded 18.a(chǎn) 19.a(chǎn)ctivities 20.for
【解析】這是一篇新聞報(bào)道,主要講述了短視頻對(duì)人們的影響。
11.考查動(dòng)名詞。句意:根據(jù)中國(guó)青年報(bào)的調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn):60%的被調(diào)查者每天平均花一個(gè)多小時(shí)觀看短視頻,11%的被調(diào)查者每天花3個(gè)多小時(shí)在短視頻上。根據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu) spend...(in) doing sth. (花費(fèi)……做某事)可知,該空用動(dòng)名詞形式。故填watching。
12.考查代詞。句意:根據(jù)中國(guó)青年報(bào)的調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn):60%的被調(diào)查者每天平均花一個(gè)多小時(shí)觀看短視頻,11%的被調(diào)查者每天花3個(gè)多小時(shí)在短視頻上。介詞on 后面賓格代詞them指代前面的short??videos。故填them。
13.考查形容詞。句意:在2017名被調(diào)查者中,74.2%的人說為了避免不斷地觀看短視頻,合理的時(shí)間管理是必要的。修飾名詞 time management 用形容詞reasonable作定語。故填reasonable。
14.考查動(dòng)詞不定式。句意:在2017名被調(diào)查者中,74.2%的人說為了避免不斷地觀看短視頻,合理的時(shí)間管理是必要的。根據(jù)“be +adj. + to do”結(jié)構(gòu),該空用動(dòng)詞不定式形式。故填to avoid。
15.考查連詞。句意:中國(guó)社會(huì)科學(xué)院新聞與傳播研究所研究員楊斌燕表示,短視頻可能會(huì)讓人上癮,因?yàn)橐坏┮曨l結(jié)束,社交媒體平臺(tái)就會(huì)不斷推薦相關(guān)內(nèi)容。 根據(jù)句意表原因,用as/because引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句。故填as/because。
16.考查定語從句。句意:中國(guó)社會(huì)科學(xué)院新聞與傳播研究所研究員楊斌燕表示,短視頻可能會(huì)讓人上癮,因?yàn)橐坏┮曨l結(jié)束,社交媒體平臺(tái)就會(huì)不斷推薦相關(guān)內(nèi)容??崭裉幨欠窍拗菩远ㄕZ從句,先行詞等于關(guān)系詞,先行詞是Yang??Binyan,指人,在從句中做主語,用關(guān)系代詞who。故填who。
17.考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意:她補(bǔ)充說短視頻常常展示生活中的碎片,能讓觀眾產(chǎn)生一種社會(huì)聯(lián)系感。add為謂語動(dòng)詞,講述已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事,前后時(shí)態(tài)保持一致,要用一般過去時(shí),故填added。
18.考查冠詞。句意:共有73.7%的受訪者表示,網(wǎng)民應(yīng)該更多地參與線下活動(dòng),包括戶外活動(dòng),以避免過度沉迷于短視頻,而50.8%的人則建議此類平臺(tái)建立一個(gè)反成癮系統(tǒng)。固定表達(dá) a total of (總共),首字母大寫。故填A(yù)。
19.考查名詞的數(shù)。句意:共有73.7%的受訪者表示,網(wǎng)民應(yīng)該更多地參與線下活動(dòng),包括戶外活動(dòng),以避免過度沉迷于短視頻,而50.8%的人則建議此類平臺(tái)建立一個(gè)反成癮系統(tǒng)。activity是可數(shù)名詞,根據(jù)more可知,要用名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填activities。
20.考查介詞。句意:到2020年底,中國(guó)在線短視頻用戶達(dá)到8.73億,占互聯(lián)網(wǎng)用戶總數(shù)的88%。根據(jù)account for (占……比例)。故填for。
Test 3
21.which 22.marking 23.indicates 24.a(chǎn)nd 25.with
26.materials 27.its 28.a(chǎn)pproximately 29.to support 30.is equipped
【解析】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。周六,中國(guó)航天日開幕啟動(dòng)儀式在江蘇南京舉行,啟動(dòng)儀式上,我國(guó)首輛火星車名稱揭曉——“祝融號(hào)”。
21.考查定語從句引導(dǎo)詞。句意:周六,在中國(guó)東部江蘇省省會(huì)南京舉行的今年中國(guó)航天日活動(dòng)的開幕式上,人們揭曉了這個(gè)名字——“祝融號(hào)”,中國(guó)神話里的火神。分析句子可知,空處應(yīng)使用which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,并在從句中充當(dāng)主語,指代先行詞The name "Zhurong"。故填which。
22.考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:周六,在中國(guó)東部江蘇省省會(huì)南京舉行的今年中國(guó)航天日活動(dòng)的開幕式上,人們揭曉了這個(gè)名字——“祝融號(hào)”,中國(guó)神話里的火神。分析句子可知,空處應(yīng)使用非謂語動(dòng)詞,由于mark與先行詞之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,空處應(yīng)使用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語,修飾the opening ceremony。故填marking。
23.考查動(dòng)詞。句意:火星車的名字象征著中國(guó)人民對(duì)它點(diǎn)燃中國(guó)星球探索之火的祝福。分析句子可知,句子應(yīng)使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。由于主語The name為第三人稱單數(shù),故填indicates。
24.考查連詞。句意:火星車高1.85米,重約240公斤,設(shè)計(jì)壽命為3個(gè)月,相當(dāng)于約92個(gè)地球日。結(jié)合句意,空處應(yīng)使用并列連詞and,連接兩個(gè)并列成分。故填and。
25.考查介詞。句意:火星車高1.85米,重約240公斤,設(shè)計(jì)壽命為3個(gè)月,相當(dāng)于約92個(gè)地球日。with a lifespan of為固定用法,意為“有……時(shí)間的壽命”。故填with。
26.考查名詞。句意:它將探測(cè)火星表面的組成、物質(zhì)的分布、地質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)和氣象環(huán)境。分析句子可知,空處應(yīng)使用可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式,表泛指。故填materials。
27.考查代詞。句意:著陸后,“祝融號(hào)”將被激活,并在至少90個(gè)火星日的預(yù)期壽命內(nèi)進(jìn)行科學(xué)探測(cè)——在地球上大約3個(gè)月。分析句子可知,空處應(yīng)使用形容詞性物主代詞its,作定語修飾lifespan。故填its。
28.考查副詞。句意:著陸后,“祝融號(hào)”將被激活,并在至少90個(gè)火星日的預(yù)期壽命內(nèi)進(jìn)行科學(xué)探測(cè)——在地球上大約3個(gè)月。修飾three months on Earth應(yīng)使用范圍副詞。故填approximately。
29.考查不定式。句意:為了支持這項(xiàng)研究,“祝融號(hào)”裝載了多種科學(xué)有效載荷。分析句子,空處應(yīng)使用不定式表目的。句子首字母大寫。故填To support。
30.考查時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)。句意:為了支持這項(xiàng)研究,“祝融號(hào)”裝載了多種科學(xué)有效載荷。分析句子,句子應(yīng)使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。由于equip與所修飾詞"Zhurong"(第三人稱單數(shù)形式)之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,應(yīng)使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。故填is equipped。



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