
?專題05 謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)(一)【學(xué)與練】
學(xué)謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)
動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的知識(shí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)(以動(dòng)詞do為例)
時(shí) 體
現(xiàn)在時(shí)
過去時(shí)
將來時(shí)
過去將來時(shí)
一般體
do / does
did
shall/will do
should/would do
進(jìn)行體
am/is/are doing
was/were doing
shall/will be doing[來源:學(xué)。科。網(wǎng)]
should/would be doing
完成體
have/has done
had done
shall/will have done
should/would have done
完成進(jìn)行體
have/has been doing
had been doing
shall/will have been doing
should/would have been doing[來源:Z.xx.k.Com]
一般體
考點(diǎn)一 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
1) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的構(gòu)成
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主要用動(dòng)詞的原形表示,如果主語為第三人稱單數(shù),則一般在動(dòng)詞原形后加-s或-es,其變化規(guī)則如下表所示:
情況
規(guī)則
例詞
一般情況
加-s
eat→eats; rise→rises
以-s、-x、-ch、-sh、-o、-z結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞
加-es
discuss→discusses;teach→teaches
以“輔音字母加-y”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞
變-y為-ies
carry→carries; fly→flies
2)一般選擇時(shí)的用法
1. 表示現(xiàn)在經(jīng)?;蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),常和often,always,usually,sometimes,everyday,once a week等表示頻率的時(shí)間狀語連用。
He takes a walk after supper every day. 他每天晚飯后散步。
My mother works at the same company as my father.
我的母親和父親在同一家公司工作。
We always care for each other and help each other. 我們總是相互關(guān)心、相互幫助。
2. 表示客觀事實(shí)或普通真理(不受時(shí)態(tài)限制)。
The geography teacher told us the earth moves around the sun.
地理老師告訴我們地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。
Japan lies to the east of China. 日本位于中國(guó)的東方。
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 太陽東升西落。
3. 表示主語的特征、性格、能力等。
Mr Smith hates fish and never eats any.
史密斯先生討厭魚而且從來不吃魚。
Mary speaks both English and French very well.
瑪麗英語和法語都說得很好。
4. 表示按照時(shí)刻表或者時(shí)間表安排或計(jì)劃好的肯定會(huì)出現(xiàn)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。
The plane takes off at 10:00 a.m. 飛機(jī)上午10點(diǎn)起飛。
Tomorrow is Wednesday. 明天是星期三。
5. 在時(shí)間、條件狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來的動(dòng)作。
We will have to put off the sports meeting if it rains tomorrow.
如果明天下雨我們將不得不推遲會(huì)議。
I can’t leave unless my boss agrees. 除非老板同意,否則我不能走。
考點(diǎn)二 一般過去時(shí)
1)一般過去時(shí)的構(gòu)成
一般過去時(shí)由動(dòng)詞的過去式表示,其動(dòng)詞規(guī)則變化如下表所示:
情況
規(guī)則
例詞
一般情況
加-ed
play→ played; discuss→discussed
以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞
變y為-ied
carry→carried; try→tried
以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的重度閉音節(jié)動(dòng)詞
雙寫輔音字母加-ed
plan→ planned; refer→ referred
以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞
直接加-d
provide→ provided; like→liked
2) 一般過去時(shí)的用法
1. 表示在過去發(fā)生的一次性動(dòng)作或習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),常用yesterday,last year,in 1995,the other day等作時(shí)間狀語。
It was a terrible piece of work you turned in yesterday. 你昨天上交的作業(yè)真是很糟糕。
He came to work here two weeks ago. 他兩周前來這兒上班的。
2. 表示在過去一段時(shí)間內(nèi),經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。
When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 我小時(shí)候,經(jīng)常在大街上踢足球。
Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome. Brown夫婦訪問期間,不論走到哪里,都受到了熱烈的歡迎。
3. 用于固定句型中。
It is time you went to bed. 到了你上床睡覺的時(shí)間了。
I’d rather you came tomorrow. 我寧愿你明天來。
4. wish, wonder, think, hope等用過去時(shí),作試探性的詢問、請(qǐng)求、建議等。
I thought you might have some. 我原以為你會(huì)有一些的。
Sorry, I didn’t see the sign over there. 對(duì)不起,我(剛才)沒看見那邊的指示牌。
5. 在時(shí)間狀語從句、條件狀語從句中代替過去將來時(shí)。
He said he would not go if it rained. 他說要是下雨,他就不去。
6. 有些句子,雖然沒有明確的表示過去的時(shí)間狀語,但實(shí)際上指的是過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),也要用一般過去時(shí)。常見的此類動(dòng)詞有know, think, expect等,表示"本來認(rèn)為"。
I didn’t expect to meet you here. 我沒想到會(huì)在這兒遇到你。
I thought he had heard the news. 我原以為他已經(jīng)聽說了這個(gè)消息。
考點(diǎn)三 一般將來時(shí)
1.shall用于第一人稱,常被will 所代替。will 在陳述句中用于各人稱,在征求意見時(shí)常用于第二人稱。
Which paragraph shall I read first? 我先讀哪一段呢?
Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七點(diǎn)回家好嗎?
2.be going to +不定式,表示將來。
a. 主語的意圖,即將做某事。
What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢?
b. 計(jì)劃或安排要發(fā)生的事。
The play is going to be produced next month。這出戲下月開播。
c. 有跡象要發(fā)生的事。
Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那烏云,快要下雨了。
3.be +不定式表將來,按計(jì)劃或正式安排將發(fā)生的事。
We are to discuss the report next Saturday. 我們下星期六討論這份報(bào)告。
4.be about to +不定式,意為馬上做某事。
He is about to leave for Beijing. 他馬上要去北京。
注意:be about to do 不能與tomorrow, next week 等表示明確將來時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語連用。
5.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來。
a. 下列動(dòng)詞come,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,return的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)可以表示將來,主要用來表示在時(shí)間上已確定或安排好的事情。
The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火車明天上午六點(diǎn)開。
—When does the bus star? 汽車什么時(shí)候開?
—It stars in ten minutes. 十分鐘后。
b. 以here,there等開始的倒裝句,表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。
Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 車來了。
There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 鈴響了。
考點(diǎn)四 一般過去將來時(shí)
1. 過去將來時(shí)的定義
過去將來時(shí)主要用于表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)候看來即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。
He said he would come here next Friday. 他說他下周五來這兒。
I knew that he would help us when we were in trouble. 我知道當(dāng)我們陷入困境時(shí)他會(huì)幫助我們。
2. 過去將來時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)
(1) would + 動(dòng)詞原形
She told us that she would try her best to catch up with other classmates this term. 她告訴我們說她將一切努力在本學(xué)期趕上其他同學(xué)。
When you asked Li Lei for help, he would never refuse you. 當(dāng)你請(qǐng)李雷幫忙時(shí),他絕不會(huì)拒絕。
(2)was / were going to + 動(dòng)詞原形
He told us that he was going to attend the meeting. 他告訴我說他要參加那次會(huì)議。
He said that I was going to be sent to meet her at the railway station. 他說將要派我去火車站接她。
(3)was / were to + 動(dòng)詞原形。
The building was to be completed next month. 這座建筑該在下個(gè)月竣工。
Li Lei was to arrive soon. 李雷很快就要到了。
(4)was / were about to + 動(dòng)詞原形。
We were about to leave there when it began to rain heavily and suddenly. 就在我們要離開時(shí),天突然下起了大雨。
He was about to have lunch when the bell rang. 就在他要吃中飯的時(shí)候,門鈴響了。
(5)was / were +現(xiàn)在分詞。
He was leaving the next day. 他第二天要走了。
We were informed that the leaders were coming to our school soon. 我們接到通知說領(lǐng)導(dǎo)們很快要來我們學(xué)校。
3. 過去將來時(shí)的用法
(1)過去將來時(shí),一般用于主句為過去時(shí)的賓語從句中。
He said he would stay with us. 他說他要與我們待在一起。
He said he would never go there again. 他說他絕不會(huì)再去那兒。
(2)過去將來時(shí),用于虛擬語氣中。
If I were you, I would not do that. 如果我是你的話,我就不會(huì)那樣做。
If he were here, he would show us how to do it. 如果他在這兒,他就會(huì)向我們展示該如何做了。
考點(diǎn)五 謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)一致原則
(一)主句和名詞性從句時(shí)態(tài)一致原則
下面我們以賓語從句為例說明主句和名詞性從句時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)的基本規(guī)律:
1.主句是現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)頃r(shí)時(shí),從句可以用任何所需要的時(shí)態(tài)。如:
The woman tells me that she is/was/will be a nurse.?
2.主句是過去時(shí)態(tài)時(shí),從句的時(shí)態(tài)有下面幾種情況:
(1)從句與主句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生,從句須用一般過去時(shí)或過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。如:
I thought he worked very hard.我認(rèn)為他工作很努力。
The actor said he was living in Beijing.?
這位男演員說他住在北京。
(2)如果從句有具體的過去時(shí)間點(diǎn),盡管從句動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之前,有時(shí)仍用一般過去時(shí)。如:
She told me her brother died in 1960.
她告訴我她哥哥是1960年去世的。
(3)從句說的是一般真理或客觀事實(shí)時(shí),即使主句用過去時(shí)態(tài),從句仍用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如:
The teacher told us that the earth is round.
老師告訴我們地球是圓的。
(4)從句動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之后時(shí),從句須用過去將來時(shí)。如:
I knew where Tom would celebrate his birthday.?
我知道湯姆將在哪里慶祝生日。
(5)從句動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之前時(shí),從句須用過去完成時(shí)。
(二)主句與狀語從句時(shí)態(tài)一致原則
在時(shí)間、條件、讓步等狀語從句中,若主句為一般將來時(shí),則從句往往用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來;若主句為過去時(shí),則從句也用相對(duì)應(yīng)的過去時(shí)。如:
You’ll make progress if you keep working hard.?
如果你繼續(xù)努力,你就會(huì)取得進(jìn)步。
He told us that he wouldn’t give up until he succeeded.?
他告訴我們?cè)诔晒χ八麤Q不放棄。
(三)主句與定語從句時(shí)態(tài)一致原則
定語從句的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)根據(jù)動(dòng)詞本身所涉及的時(shí)間運(yùn)用恰當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)態(tài)。如:
That is the person who will give us a lecture tomorrow.?
那就是明天要給我們做報(bào)告的那個(gè)人。
That was the person who would give us a lecture the next day.?
那就是第二天要給我們做報(bào)告的那個(gè)人。
進(jìn)行體
考點(diǎn)一 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
一、 構(gòu)成:am/is/are + 動(dòng)詞的-ing形式
動(dòng)詞的-ing形式的構(gòu)成形式
情況
規(guī)則
例詞
一般情況
加-ing
trying; helping
以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的重度閉音節(jié)
雙寫輔音字母加-ing
stopping; swimming
以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞
去掉e,加-ing
dancing; liking
二、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法:
1. 表示說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。
Our friends are waiting for us outside now. 我們的朋友們?cè)谕饷娴任覀儭?br />
What are you doing? 你在干什么?
He is playing basketball now. 他正在打籃球。
2. 表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或發(fā)生的事情。
She is learning English at college. 她在大學(xué)學(xué)英語。
Lucy is studying law while her sister is doing physics. 露西學(xué)習(xí)法律,她姐姐學(xué)習(xí)物理。(動(dòng)作在說話時(shí)不一定正在進(jìn)行)
3. 某些短暫性動(dòng)詞,如come, go, start, open, close, arrive, return, begin, leave等用于進(jìn)行時(shí),表示按計(jì)劃、安排即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
My father is coming to see me this Saturday. 父親這個(gè)星期六來看我。
He is leaving for Beijing next week. 下周他要去北京。
4. 某些動(dòng)詞的進(jìn)行時(shí)表示慢慢地、漸漸地發(fā)生變化。
I’m forgetting English. 我的英語快忘記了。
She is losing her eyesight. 她的視力在慢慢地喪失。
5. 表示剛剛過去的動(dòng)作:(動(dòng)詞為某些表示說話的詞:tell,talk,say等)
Believe it or not, I am telling the truth. 不管你信不信,我說的都是實(shí)話。
I don’t know what you are talking about. 我不知道你們?cè)谡f什么。
6. 表示某種感情色彩:與頻度副詞(always, continually, constantly, for ever)連用。
He is always complaining about the house. 他總是抱怨這間房子。
She is continually finding fault with me. 她總是對(duì)我吹毛求疵。
7. 表示婉轉(zhuǎn)語氣:(僅限hope, wonder等少數(shù)詞。)
I am hoping you will give us some advice. 我希望你會(huì)給我們一些建議。
I am wondering if you can help us. 我想知道你能否幫我們。
?
考點(diǎn)二 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)
1. 概念:過去進(jìn)行時(shí)主要表示過去某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,或表示過去某一階段一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。
2. 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成:助動(dòng)詞be的過去式形式(was, were)+ 現(xiàn)在分詞
否定形式:was / were + not + doing
一般疑問句:把was或were放于句首
3. 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法:
(1)表示過去某一時(shí)刻,或某一階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。通常和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用。
I was having a bath when the phone rang. 我正在洗澡,突然電話鈴響了。
She was writing letters. I didn’t want to disturb her. 她在寫信。我不想打擾她。
(2)表示過去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性動(dòng)作。但是這種習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作具有過去某一階段的暫時(shí)性。
In those days, Tom used to get up at 9:00, but that week, he was getting up at 5:00 every day.
(3)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)經(jīng)常和always,constantly,forever,continually等頻度副詞連用,表示說話人對(duì)某種行為的厭煩等不滿情緒。
He was always playing tricks on me. 他老是捉弄我。
He was constantly changing his mind. 他老是改變主意。
She was forever complaining. 她老是抱怨。
(4)表示過去將來時(shí)間里按計(jì)劃或安排即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。即表示過去將來。
Four of them were coming for Sunday lunch. 他們有四個(gè)人將在星期天來吃午飯。
Her daughter was going to a summer camp the following day. 她的女兒將在第二天去參加夏令營(yíng)。
(5)在時(shí)間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中,用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去將來正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。
He told me to wake him up if he was sleeping.
I will let you know when Mary is arriving.
考點(diǎn)三 將來進(jìn)行時(shí)
1. 定義:將來進(jìn)行時(shí)是指將來某個(gè)時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。
2. 基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語+will be/be going to be +doing
I will be sleeping at 12:00 p.m. 十二點(diǎn)的時(shí)候我將在睡覺。
I will be studying in university at the age of 20. 我20歲的時(shí)候我將會(huì)在大學(xué)里學(xué)習(xí)。
3. 用法:
(1)表示將來某一時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,一般帶狀語。
What will you be doing at this time next Monday? 下周一的這個(gè)時(shí)候你會(huì)做什么?
When he comes to my house tomorrow, I will be writing the report. 明天他來我家時(shí),我將在寫報(bào)告。
(2)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,但這個(gè)動(dòng)作會(huì)延續(xù)到將來。
I wonder if it will still be raining this afternoon. 我想知道今天下午是否還會(huì)一直下雨。
I think that she will be working on this experiment until next morning. 我想她會(huì)一直在做這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)直到第二天早上。
(3)表示預(yù)定的將來動(dòng)作或?qū)淼念A(yù)測(cè)。
Tomorrow I will be flying to Bombay. 明天我將飛往孟買。
After you take the medicine, you will be feeling much better. 吃完藥后,你會(huì)感覺好很多。
(4)表示委婉的請(qǐng)求。
When shall we be meeting again? 我們什么時(shí)候能再見面?
(5)表示原因。
Please come tomorrow afternoon. Tomorrow morning I’ll be having a meeting. 請(qǐng)明天下午過來。明天早上我將有一個(gè)會(huì)議。
(6)表示結(jié)果。
Stop the child or he will be falling over. 快阻止那個(gè)孩子,要不然他會(huì)摔跤的。
(7)表示對(duì)將來的打算(區(qū)別于對(duì)將來的預(yù)測(cè))
My duties will end in July, and I’ll be returning to Beijing. 七月我將結(jié)束工作,返回北京。
練單句語法填空
1.It ________ (become) separated from Britain and Ireland by 6500 BC.
2.The letter says the COVID-19 pandemic ________ (bring) great challenges to many aspects of the preparation work, and the committee has adjusted requirements for volunteers in consideration of virus control and prevention.
3.The Xi’an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China’s long history. It ________ (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修復(fù)).
…….
We ________ (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate.
4.He had a car accident and the blood __________(flow) immediately from the cut on his head.
5.Not only _________ television appeal to those who can read but to those who can’t.
6.She ________ (persuade) me to join the poetry and lit in me a fire for literature.
7.Her vivid ________made us laugh when she was ________ Chaplin. (imitate)
8.He worked very hard and was _________ (admit) to a university.
9.The majority of visitors________(be)in favor of his conclusion that the number of books published on the subject________(be) simply surprising.
10.Only 60 percent of the work________(be) done yesterday.
11.Email, as well as telephones _________(play)an important part in daily communication. 12.For centuries, the ancient language ________?(pass) on from one generation to another. 13.The new haircut ______ (transform) completely her into a fair lady yesterday.
14.Medical research ________ (suggest) that language is a good way to reduce stress and help people feel good. Kataria Laughter Clubs are popping up in response to people’s need to handle pressure.
15.Worldwide, three cups of tea ________ (consume) for every cup of coffee.
16.You probably ________ (use) caffeine since childhood.
17.There is some frost on the lawn. The temperature must __________ (drop) down under zero degree last night.
18.Domestic oil __________ (ship) to foreign countries on a regular basis since several years ago.
19.The number of medical schools reached 18 in the early 1990s and ________(remain)around that level ever since.
20.Jack was so busy when we saw him, because he ________(make) a speech the next day.
21.He said that he ________(buy) some story books tomorrow morning.
22.I asked her when she ________(come) back from the holiday.
23.The father as well as his kids _______ (discuss)where to spend the weekend now.
24.The activity, which __________ (schedule) on Friday, is meant to celebrate their 50th anniversary.
25.When I came in, the students __________ (occupy) themselves doing their homework.
26.One Friday, we _________ (pack) to leave for a weekend away when my daughter heard cries for help. (
27.Everyone _________ (inspire) when hearing the account by an elderly gentleman that he passed the College Entrance Examination in his seventies.
28.He had a talent for music and ______________(appoint) conductor of Shanghai Symphony Orchestra at the age of 30.
29.No matter where he goes and no matter who he _________(encounter), he would follow his father's advice.
30.Two-thirds of the water________ (be) polluted since Japan put Nuclear waste water into the ocean.
31.A comprehensive study _________ (report) that of the nearly 3,000 cyclist-motorist crashes that occurred between 2000 and 2010, about 20 percent were hit-and-runs.
32.Only after one has become a parent________he realize how great his parents are.
33.Your passport ____(return) to you when you check out of your hotel.
34.If the opportunity ________ (arise), I'd love to go abroad for further study.
35.If it ________an interesting film, we'll see it tomorrow. (be)
36.Many graduates _____(employ) in the electronics and computing industries now.
37.Ken was so busy when we saw him,because he _____(make) a speech the next day.
38.Miss Zhang said she _____(visit) the Great Wall the next summer.
39.Whenever she had time,she _____(help) them with their work.
40.On top of the books ________(lie) the photo album you’re looking for.
練短文語法填空
閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
Test 1
Giant pandas prefer eating shoots and leaves of bamboo, all of___1___are richer in nutrition. Because of their low-energy diet, they avoid stressful situations,___2___(prefer) spending time alone.
In addition to eating for about half a day, the giant pandas spend the rest of their time in sleeping. In the wild, they sleep for 2 to 4 hours___3___its two meals. The keepers feed giant pandas twice___4___day at regular times in the zoo.Therefore, they spend most of their spare time in rest.
Pandas get into positions of___5___(vary)kinds.Their favorite sleeping position is putting their hind paws on the trees with their front paws shading their eyes.
Panda families don't live together, and each female___6___(have)a well-defined range. Males generally live apart, except for in the short breeding season. They enjoy___7___(free) of being alone. In addition to one month spent with their partners during mating season, most of their time ___8___(spend)alone.
Seldom___9___(active)attacking men or other animals, the giant pandas always evade them when coming across them. However, they will burst into anger at small things such as their cubs(幼獸)____10____(watch)by visitors.
Test 2
We tend to think about success in terms of wealth and accomplishments. That’s a fair measurement, but the problem is that when we addict into the ____11____ (victory), we tend to overlook the sacrifices required in order to get there. In fact, ____12____ (neglect) to account for the existing sacrifices is one reason why so many of us have a hard time sticking to ____13____ (health) habits and following up on goals.
Time is a factor when it comes to making sacrifices. As Warren Buffett famously ____14____ (say), “It’s the only thing you can’t buy. I mean, I can buy anything I want, basically, but I can’t buy time.” He’s ____15____ (absolute) right. Should you watch another section of your favorite Netflix show ____16____ give up TV for two months so you can plant that garden you always dreamed about?
Making the decision isn’t easy, but the good news is ____17____ we already do this naturally. A 2009 study found that people are “far____18____ (little) willing to keep many choices open” when some have bigger rewards than others. If the payoffs are unknown, however, we have a harder time giving them up. That’s why doing an activity check is so important. You have to actually take the time ____19____ (figure) out the opportunity costs, gains of each and what to pursue over the ______20______.
Test 3
The Great Wall is the longest building in the world. It begins from Shanhaiguan and ends at Jiayuguan, ____21____ (cover) more than 6,000 km. It was built to prevent the enemy from getting into the Central Plains. The completion of the Wall ____22____ (take) a long time. Its first section was built in ____23____ 7th century BC.After over 2,000 years rebuilding and connecting different sections thus came the present Great Wall.
The best ____24____ (preserve) section is at Badaling, which is also the best place to appreciate the greatness of the Great Wall.____25____ (it) three parts, namely the pass, the wall and the watchtower, were once greatly significant. The Chinese saying: “If one man guards the pass, 10,000 are ____26____ (able) to get through.” shows the importance of the pass. The wall is the main part. During the ancient war time, those soldiers____27____ (brave) defended the border on the wall. There is a watchtower every several kilometers used to pass military information.
____28____ a historic site, the Great Wall symbolizes for Chinese people courage, strength and strong will. So, there’s a Chinese saying: “He____29____has never been to the Great Wall isn’t a true man.”
In 1987, the Great Wall____30____ (list) on the World Heritage List.
練單句語法填空答案解析
1.【答案】had become
【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意:到公元前6500年時(shí),它就與英國(guó)和愛爾蘭分離開了。 根據(jù)句意及該句的時(shí)間狀語“by 6500BC”(到公元前6500年時(shí))可知,該句要用過去完成時(shí)。故填had become。
2.【答案】has brought
【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意:信中說,新冠肺炎疫情給準(zhǔn)備工作的方方面面帶來了巨大的挑戰(zhàn),委員會(huì)考慮到疫情防控,調(diào)整了對(duì)志愿者的要求。根據(jù)句中“and”后的句子所用動(dòng)詞為的 “has adjusted ”并結(jié)合句意,空格處動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該填現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。主語“the COVID-19 pandemic”是第三人稱單數(shù),謂語動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)。故填 has brought。
3.【答案】was built???? hired
【解析】1.考查動(dòng)詞語態(tài)。句意:它最初是為了保護(hù)唐代的城市而建造的,現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)完全修復(fù)了。分析句子可知,空格處為謂語,動(dòng)詞build和主語之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài),根據(jù)句意和時(shí)間狀語the Tang dynasty可知,應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí),主語it為第三人稱單數(shù),故填was built。
2.考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意:我們從南門的租賃處租了自行車。分析句子可知,此處為謂語動(dòng)詞,根據(jù)上下文可知,此處描述過去發(fā)生的事情,應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)。故填hired。
4.【答案】flowed
【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意:他遇到了交通事故,血立刻從頭部的傷口處流了出來。根據(jù)前半句中“had a car accident”可知,本句講述的是過去發(fā)生的事情,后半句中的并列結(jié)構(gòu)也應(yīng)該使用一般過去時(shí),故答案為flowed。
5.【答案】does
【解析】考查部分倒裝。句意:電視不僅會(huì)吸引那些會(huì)看書的人,還會(huì)吸引那些不會(huì)看書的人。not only位于句首,其后的分句使用部分倒裝的語序,該句子描述的是一般事實(shí),應(yīng)使用一般現(xiàn)在態(tài),由television可知,倒裝的助動(dòng)詞應(yīng)使用does。故填does。
6.【答案】persuaded
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)該句中的“l(fā)it in me a fire for literature”可知,此處表述的是過去發(fā)生的事情。另外連詞and連接了兩個(gè)并列的謂語動(dòng)詞,所以需要保持時(shí)態(tài)的一致性。故填persuaded。
7.?【答案】? imitation???? imitating
【解析】考查名詞和動(dòng)詞。句意:當(dāng)她模仿卓別林時(shí),她生動(dòng)的模仿使我們發(fā)笑。分析句子可知,第一空前的vivid是形容詞,意為“生動(dòng)的”,形容詞用于修飾名詞,所以第一空應(yīng)填名詞,提示詞imitate的名詞形式是imitation;分析句子可知,第二空所在句 “when she was ________ Chaplin”是時(shí)間狀語從句,在從句中,she作主語,“was ________”做謂語動(dòng)詞,根據(jù)句意可知,此處應(yīng)使用過去進(jìn)行時(shí),過去進(jìn)行時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)為was/ were+現(xiàn)在分詞,提示詞imitate是動(dòng)詞,其現(xiàn)在分詞形式是imitating。故第一空填imitation,第二空填imitating。
8.【答案】admitted
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞。句意:他學(xué)習(xí)很努力,并且被一所大學(xué)錄取了。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意思可知,這里考查“被錄取”的意思,空格前有“was”,所以空格上填過去分詞形式,表示被動(dòng)的意思。故填admitted。
9.????【答案】 were???? was
【解析】考查主謂一致。句意:大多數(shù)游客都支持他的結(jié)論:關(guān)于這個(gè)主題的被出版的書的數(shù)量是令人驚訝的。本句陳述過去的事實(shí),要用一般過去時(shí);空格1處的主語是visitors,因此要用were;空格2處的主語是 the number ,因此要用單數(shù),故填was。
10.【答案】was
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意:僅僅60%的工作昨天被完成。根據(jù)yesterday可知,是一般過去時(shí);由于主語是 the work,因此要用一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。故填was。
11.【答案】plays
【解析】考查主謂一致。句意:郵件,和電話一樣,在日常交流中起很重要的作用。描述一個(gè)客觀的事實(shí),用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。當(dāng)主語后面有as well as短語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞不受這個(gè)短語的影響,仍然與主語保持一致,即和“Email”保持人稱和數(shù)上的一致,所以要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故填plays。
12.【答案】has been passed
【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意:幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來,這種古老的語言代代相傳。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語for centuries和句意,可知謂語動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí);主語the ancient language與謂語pass是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài),主語是單數(shù),助動(dòng)詞用has。故填has been passed。
13.【答案】transformed
【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意:昨天的新發(fā)型使她完全變成了一個(gè)淑女。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處填謂語動(dòng)詞,再根據(jù)句中的yesterday可知,此處用一般過去式。故填transformed。
14.【答案】has suggested
【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意:醫(yī)學(xué)研究已經(jīng)表明,語言是減輕壓力和幫助人們感覺良好的好方法??ㄋ麃喰β暰銟凡康某霈F(xiàn)是為了回應(yīng)人們的需要。根據(jù)語境可知,此處應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),表達(dá)過去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響,表達(dá)“醫(yī)學(xué)研究已經(jīng)表明”之意。主語Medical research為第三人稱單數(shù)名詞。故填has suggested。
15.【答案】are consumed
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)。句意:在世界范圍內(nèi),每喝一杯咖啡就要喝三杯茶。分析句子可知,句子陳述客觀事實(shí)應(yīng)使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),由于謂語動(dòng)詞consume與所修飾詞three cups of tea之間構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系,應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。主語為three cups of tea,謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。故填are consumed。
16.【答案】have used ##have been using
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞。句意:你可能從孩提時(shí)代就開始使用咖啡因。由since可知此處用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示這一情況從過去某時(shí)一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,已經(jīng)終止或還有可能持續(xù)下去。故填have used /have been using。
17.【答案】have dropped
【解析】
考查動(dòng)詞虛擬語氣。句意為:草地上有一些霜,昨晚的氣溫一定是降到了零度以下。根據(jù)空格前must可知填動(dòng)詞的謂語形式,霜的出現(xiàn)必然是之前溫度下降,因此不可接動(dòng)詞原形。 must have done sth表示“一定做過某事”,表示對(duì)過去發(fā)生的事情的肯定推測(cè)。故填have dropped。
18.【答案】has been shipped
【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意:從幾年前開始,國(guó)內(nèi)石油就定期運(yùn)往國(guó)外。since several years ago為完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語,主語oil意為“石油”時(shí),為不可數(shù)名詞,且與動(dòng)詞ship為被動(dòng)關(guān)系,根據(jù)語境可知,應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài),故填has been shipped。
19.【答案】has remained
【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意:20世紀(jì)90年代初,醫(yī)學(xué)院的數(shù)量達(dá)到了18所,此后一直保持在這個(gè)水平上下。ever since意為“從那以后”,作后一分句的時(shí)間狀語,后一分句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。主語為The number of medical schools,其中the number of...表示“……的數(shù)目”,作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故填has remained。
20.【答案】would make
【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意:我們見到杰克時(shí),他很忙,因?yàn)樗诙煲葜v。根據(jù)was和時(shí)間狀語the next day,可知此處指從過去的時(shí)間看將來會(huì)發(fā)生的事情,應(yīng)用過去將來時(shí),結(jié)構(gòu)為would+動(dòng)詞原形,故填would make。
21.【答案】would buy
【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意:他說他明天上午要買一些故事書。根據(jù)said和時(shí)間狀語tomorrow morning,可知此處表示從過去的時(shí)間看將來要發(fā)生的某事,應(yīng)用過去將來時(shí),結(jié)構(gòu)為would+動(dòng)詞原形,故填would buy。
22.【答案】would come
【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意:我問她什么時(shí)候度假回來。結(jié)合句意和asked,可知此處表示從過去的時(shí)間看將來要發(fā)生的某事,應(yīng)用過去將來時(shí),結(jié)構(gòu)為would+動(dòng)詞原形,故填would come。
23.【答案】is discussing
【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意:父親現(xiàn)在在和他的孩子們討論去哪里過周末。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語now可知,此處表示的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行,所以時(shí)態(tài)要用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí),as well as連接的兩個(gè)主語,要根據(jù)前面的名詞來確定謂語的單復(fù)數(shù),所以謂語動(dòng)詞要與The father一致。故填is discussing。
24.【答案】is scheduled
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)和主謂一致。句意:該活動(dòng)定于周五舉行,旨在慶祝他們結(jié)婚50周年。固定短語be scheduled“被……計(jì)劃;被……排定”,且從句主語為The activity,且根據(jù)下文is meant to celebrate their 50th anniversary可知應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。主語為The activity,謂語動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù),故填is scheduled。
25.【答案】were occupying
【解析】考查固定句式。句意:我進(jìn)來時(shí),學(xué)生們正忙著做作業(yè)。固定句式sb. be doing sth. when…“某人正在做某事突然……”,且根據(jù)上文When I came in可知主句應(yīng)用過去進(jìn)行時(shí),主語為students,故填were occupying。
26.【答案】were packing
【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意:一個(gè)周五,我們當(dāng)時(shí)正在打包準(zhǔn)備去過周末,突然我的女兒聽到有人喊救命。根據(jù)One Friday 和 從句中heard可知空格處是過去時(shí)態(tài),根據(jù)句意可知是當(dāng)時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,要用過去進(jìn)行時(shí),was/were doing...when...是固定句型,意為“過去正在做某事,這時(shí)突然......”,主語是復(fù)數(shù),be動(dòng)詞用were。故填were packing。
27.【答案】was inspired
【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意:當(dāng)聽到一位七十多歲的老人說他通過了大學(xué)入學(xué)考試時(shí),大家都受到激勵(lì)??仗帪橹^語動(dòng)詞,根據(jù)passed可知是過去的事實(shí),要用一般過去時(shí),又由于inspire與主語Everyone是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,要用一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。故填was inspired。
28.【答案】was appointed
【解析】考查被動(dòng)語態(tài)。句意:他有音樂天賦,30歲時(shí)被任命為上海交響樂團(tuán)的指揮。主語He和動(dòng)詞appoint是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,根據(jù)所給時(shí)態(tài)had可知用過去時(shí),故填was appointed。
29.【答案】encounters
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞。句意:無論他去哪里,無論他遇到誰,他都會(huì)聽從父親的建議。本句主語是he,encounter是謂語動(dòng)詞,根據(jù)前文的goes,此處應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài),根據(jù)主謂一致原則,此處動(dòng)詞用三單形式,故填encounters。
30.【答案】has been
【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意:自從日本向海洋中排放核廢料以來,三分之二的水被污染了。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語since,此處需要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài),主語water和謂語動(dòng)詞pollute之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以需要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。主語是不可數(shù)名詞,謂語動(dòng)詞使用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故填has been。
31.【答案】reported
【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意:一項(xiàng)綜合研究報(bào)告稱,在2000年至2010年間發(fā)生的近3000起騎自行車的司機(jī)撞車事故中,大約20%是肇事逃逸。根據(jù)句意以及后文中的occurred可知,此處應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞report要用過去式。故填reported。
32.【答案】will
【解析】考查部分倒裝。句意:只有一個(gè)人為人父母后,他才知道他的父母多么的偉大。"Only+狀語從句"放在句首的時(shí)候,后面的句子用部分倒裝,助動(dòng)詞/be動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞放在主語前面,由于從句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),主句用一般將來時(shí),所以答案為will。
33.【答案】will be returned
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意:您的護(hù)照將在您退房時(shí)歸還給您。根據(jù)“主將從現(xiàn)”原則可知,當(dāng)時(shí)間狀語為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的時(shí)候,主句用一般將來時(shí),此處用一般將來時(shí),動(dòng)詞return和主語Your passport之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故用一般將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)(will be done)。故填will be returned。
34.【答案】arises
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意:如果有機(jī)會(huì),我想出國(guó)深造。本句是if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句,根據(jù)主將從現(xiàn)原則,主句I'd love to do表將來,從句應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。故填arises。
35.【答案】is
【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意:如果它是一部有趣的電影,我們明天就去看它。句中if引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句,意為“如果”,主句是一般將來時(shí),根據(jù)主將從現(xiàn)原則,從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。故填is。
36.【答案】are employed
【解析】考查被動(dòng)語態(tài)。句意:現(xiàn)在許多畢業(yè)生在電子和計(jì)算機(jī)行業(yè)工作。謂語動(dòng)詞employ“雇傭”和主語Many graduates是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài),結(jié)構(gòu)為be+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞,根據(jù)句意,用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),主語為復(fù)數(shù)名詞,主謂一致,故填are employed。
37.【答案】would make
【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意:我們見到Ken時(shí)他很忙,因?yàn)樗诙煲l(fā)表演講。根據(jù)句意及時(shí)間狀語the next day,可知此處應(yīng)用過去將來時(shí),結(jié)構(gòu)為would+動(dòng)詞原形,表示在過去某個(gè)時(shí)間看來將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。故填would make。
38.【答案】would visit
【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意:張小姐說她明年夏天要去參觀長(zhǎng)城。根據(jù)句意以及時(shí)間狀語the next summer可知,此處應(yīng)用過去將來時(shí),結(jié)構(gòu)為would+動(dòng)詞原形,表示在過去某個(gè)時(shí)間看來將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。故填would visit。
39.【答案】would help
【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意:只要有時(shí)間,她就會(huì)幫助他們工作。根據(jù)句意可知,當(dāng)時(shí)間狀語從句為一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)候,主句應(yīng)用過去將來時(shí), 其結(jié)構(gòu)為would+動(dòng)詞原形,表示從過去的某一時(shí)間來看將來要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或呈現(xiàn)的狀態(tài)。故填would help。
40.【答案】lies
【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài),主謂一致以及倒裝句。句意:書的上面放著你要找的相冊(cè)。根據(jù)句子分析可知,句中地點(diǎn)狀語On top of the books提至句首,要用完全倒裝結(jié)構(gòu),故設(shè)空處為謂語動(dòng)詞,the photo album為主語。本句意在表述客觀事實(shí),時(shí)態(tài)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),且謂語動(dòng)詞用三單形式。故填lies。
練短文語法填空解析
Test 1
1.which 2.preferring 3.between 4.a(chǎn) 5.various
6.has 7.freedom 8.is spent 9.a(chǎn)ctively 10.being watched
【解析】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了大熊貓的飲食和生活習(xí)性等信息。
1.考查定語從句。句意:大熊貓喜歡吃竹子的莖和葉,這些都是非常有營(yíng)養(yǎng)的。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處考查介詞+關(guān)系代詞引起的非限制性定語從句,先行詞是shoots and leaves of bamboo,所以用指代物的關(guān)系代詞which,作介詞of的賓語,故填which。
2.考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:因?yàn)樗鼈兊牡湍芰匡嬍常运鼈儽苊庥袎毫Φ那闆r,更喜歡獨(dú)處。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處要填非謂語動(dòng)詞;在句中作狀語;prefer和句子主語they是主動(dòng)的關(guān)系,所以用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。故填preferring。
3.考查介詞。句意:在野外,它們會(huì)在兩頓飯之間睡2到4個(gè)小時(shí)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處要填介詞;根據(jù)句意,此處意指在兩餐之間要休息2到4個(gè)小時(shí)。故填between。
4.考查冠詞。句意:動(dòng)物園的飼養(yǎng)員每天定時(shí)喂兩次大熊貓。根據(jù)空格后的單數(shù)名詞day,可知此處要填冠詞;根據(jù)空格前的twice及句意可知,此處考查表示頻率的短語twice a day。故填a。
5.考查形容詞。句意:熊貓們擺出各種各樣的姿勢(shì)。根據(jù)空格前介詞of及空格后名詞kinds,可知此處要填形容詞,作定語修飾后面的名詞。故填various。
6.考查主謂一致。句意:熊貓家庭并不生活在一起,每只雌性熊貓都有明確的活動(dòng)范圍。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處要填謂語動(dòng)詞;句子主語是each female,為單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,所以謂語動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故填has。
7.考查名詞。句意:它們享受獨(dú)居的自由。根據(jù)空格前的及物動(dòng)詞enjoy可知空格處要填名詞,作賓語,不可數(shù),故填freedom。
8.考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意:在交配季節(jié),除了與伴侶共度一個(gè)月的時(shí)間外,它們大部分時(shí)間都是獨(dú)自度過的。 分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)及句意可知,此處所填詞與主語time之間是被動(dòng)的關(guān)系,而且全篇時(shí)態(tài)都是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),所以此處要填一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。表示時(shí)間被花費(fèi)在獨(dú)處上。故填is spent。
9.考查副詞。句意:大熊貓很少主動(dòng)攻擊人或其他動(dòng)物,遇到他們時(shí)總是躲避。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處所填詞用來修飾后面的動(dòng)詞attack,所以要用副詞。故填actively。
10.考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:然而,它們卻會(huì)因?yàn)橐恍├缬慰陀^看他們的幼崽的事情上突然變得憤怒。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處要填非謂語動(dòng)詞;所填詞watch與前面的名詞cubs之間是被動(dòng)的關(guān)系;且位于介詞短語such as后,所以要用動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。故填being watched。
Test 2
11. victories 12.neglecting 13.healthy 14.said 15.a(chǎn)bsolutely
16.or 17.that 18.less 19.to figure 20.other
【解析】這是一篇議論文。文章論述了在人們沉迷于渴求勝利的過程中,往往會(huì)忽略掉要做出的相應(yīng)的犧牲,所以我們應(yīng)該花時(shí)間來計(jì)算機(jī)會(huì)所需成本及其收益,以及在另一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)中我們追求什么。
11.考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。句意:這是一個(gè)公平的衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn),但問題是,當(dāng)我們沉迷于這些勝利時(shí),我們往往會(huì)忽略為了達(dá)到勝利所需要的犧牲。根據(jù)句意可知,此處可數(shù)名詞victory指前文wealth and accomplishments等成功的事情,為復(fù)數(shù)概念,故用其復(fù)數(shù)形式與后文sacrifices相呼應(yīng)。故填victories。
12.考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:事實(shí)上,忽視對(duì)現(xiàn)有犧牲的考慮是為什么我們這么多人難以堅(jiān)持健康的習(xí)慣和既定目標(biāo)的原因之一。分析可知,此處應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞作主語。故填neglecting。
13.考查形容詞。句意:事實(shí)上,忽視對(duì)現(xiàn)有犧牲的考慮是為什么我們這么多人難以堅(jiān)持健康的習(xí)慣和既定目標(biāo)的原因之一。根據(jù)后文名詞habits可知,此處應(yīng)用health的形容詞作定語,修飾名詞。故填healthy。
14.考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意:正如Warren Buffett所說:“它是唯一你買不到的東西。我的意思是,基本上我可以買我想要的任何東西,但我不能買到時(shí)間。”根據(jù)句意可知,此處引用過去曾經(jīng)說過的話,As引導(dǎo)的從句中用一般過去時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用過去式。故填said。
15.考查副詞。句意:他是絕對(duì)正確的。修飾形容詞right應(yīng)用副詞。故填absolutely。
16.考查連詞。句意:你是應(yīng)該看你最喜歡的Netflix節(jié)目的另一部分,還是放棄兩個(gè)月的電視,去種植你一直夢(mèng)想的花園?根據(jù)句意可知,本句為選擇疑問句,故用連詞or表示選擇。故填or。
17.考查名詞性從句。句意:做出決定并不容易,但好消息是,我們已經(jīng)自然而然地這樣做了。分析句子并根據(jù)前文is可知,此處引導(dǎo)表語從句,從句中成分齊全,意義完整,故用沒有實(shí)際意義的連接詞that引導(dǎo)從句。故填that。
18.考查副詞比較級(jí)。句意:2009年的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn),當(dāng)一些人獲得比其他人更大的回報(bào)時(shí),人們“更不愿意公開很多選擇”。根據(jù)句意可知,此處應(yīng)用副詞little的比較級(jí)修飾形容詞willing,表示“更少的愿意,更不愿意”與后文bigger相呼應(yīng)。故填less。
19.考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:實(shí)際上,你必須花時(shí)間來計(jì)算機(jī)會(huì)所需成本、每一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)的收益以及在另一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)中追求什么。take time to do sth是習(xí)慣用法。故填to figure。
20.考查不定代詞。句意:實(shí)際上,你必須花時(shí)間來計(jì)算機(jī)會(huì)所需成本、每一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)的收益以及在另一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)中追求什么。根據(jù)句意及前文the可知,此處應(yīng)用不定代詞other與the連用,指“另一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)”,和前文each呼應(yīng)。故填other。
Test 3
21.covering 22.took 23.the 24.preserved 25.its
26.unable 27.bravely 28.a(chǎn)s 29.who 30.was listed
【解析】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了中國(guó)長(zhǎng)城相關(guān)的情況。
21.考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:它從山海關(guān)出發(fā),至嘉峪關(guān)止,全長(zhǎng)6000多公里。分析可知這句話的主語為It,謂語為begins,因此括號(hào)內(nèi)提示詞在此句中應(yīng)使用非謂語動(dòng)詞形式,并且cover和邏輯主語It為主動(dòng)關(guān)系,用現(xiàn)在分詞。故填covering。
22.考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意:長(zhǎng)城的完工花了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。分析可知這句話的主語為The completion of the Wall,因此設(shè)空處應(yīng)該充當(dāng)句子的謂語,又因?yàn)楸揪湓诮榻B長(zhǎng)城竣工的歷史信息,所以應(yīng)使用一般過去時(shí)。故填took。
23.考查冠詞。句意:它的第一部分建于公元前7世紀(jì)。通過觀察可知設(shè)空處后有序數(shù)詞7th,因此需要使用定冠詞。故填the。
24.考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:保存最完好的路段在八達(dá)嶺,這也是欣賞長(zhǎng)城偉大的最佳場(chǎng)所。分析可知句子的主語為The best section,謂語為is,因此括號(hào)內(nèi)提示詞應(yīng)該使用非謂語動(dòng)詞形式,并且preserve和邏輯主語為被動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以應(yīng)該使用過去分詞形式來作名詞section的定語。故填preserved。
25.考查物主代詞。句意:它的三部分,即關(guān)口、城墻和瞭望塔,曾經(jīng)非常重要。名詞parts前需要使用限定修飾語,因此應(yīng)該使用形容詞性物主代詞,而且位于句首。故填I(lǐng)ts。
26.考查形容詞。句意:中國(guó)有句名言說:“一夫當(dāng)關(guān),萬夫莫開?!憋@示了山口的重要性。此處謂語系動(dòng)詞are之后應(yīng)使用形容詞,再結(jié)合句意表否定含義。故填unable。
27.考查副詞。句意:在古代戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)時(shí)期,這些士兵勇敢地保衛(wèi)了城墻上的邊界。此處修飾動(dòng)詞defended,應(yīng)該使用副詞形式。故填bravely。
28.考查介詞。句意:長(zhǎng)城作為一個(gè)歷史遺址,象征著中國(guó)人民的勇氣、力量和堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的意志。此處位于句首首字母應(yīng)該大寫,再結(jié)合句意“作為”可知答案。故填A(yù)s。
29.考查定語從句。句意:所以,有一句中文話說:“不到長(zhǎng)城非好漢?!狈治隹芍湓挼闹骶錇椤癏e isn’t a true man.”,從句部分為“ 9 has never been to the Great Wall ”。從句的作用是來修飾主句中人稱代詞He,并且設(shè)空處在從句中作主語,指人。故填who。
30.考查被動(dòng)語態(tài)。句意:1987年,該長(zhǎng)城被列入世界遺產(chǎn)名錄。分析可知句子主語為the Great Wall,缺少謂語,因此設(shè)空處應(yīng)充當(dāng)謂語,又根據(jù)In 1987且list 和the Great Wall為被動(dòng)關(guān)系。所以應(yīng)該使用一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。故填was listed。
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