
?專(zhuān)題10 名詞性從句【學(xué)與練】
學(xué)名詞性從句基本概念
1名詞性從句的分類(lèi)
名詞性從句,包括四種從句,即主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句。因?yàn)橹髡Z(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)這四種成分均可以由名詞構(gòu)成,所以這四種從句在主句中都充當(dāng)了名詞的作用,故將這四種從句統(tǒng)稱(chēng)為名詞性從句。如:
1.That she will help me made us happy.(主語(yǔ)從句)
2.I can understand what he said.(賓語(yǔ)從句)
3.This is where I was born.(表語(yǔ)從句)
4.The fact that a heavy earthquake happened made me crazy.(同位語(yǔ)從句)
2名詞性從句的連接詞分類(lèi)
1.that(無(wú)含義,不充當(dāng)成分)
2.whether,if(有“是否”的含義,但不充當(dāng)成分)
3.連接代詞:what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whomever, whose, which, whichever.(在從句中做主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ))
連接副詞:when, whenever, where, wherever, how, however, why (在從句中做狀語(yǔ))
4. as if,as though,because(不充當(dāng)成分,在名詞性從句中只引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句)
一、主語(yǔ)從句
1.主語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ),大多數(shù)主語(yǔ)從句都可以用it作形式主語(yǔ)而把主語(yǔ)從句置于句尾。
2.that引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)可用it作形式主語(yǔ),that不可??;what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句表示"……的東西"時(shí),一般不用it作形式主語(yǔ);whatever,whoever,whichever一般也不用it作形式主語(yǔ)。
?That she will succeed is certain.
?It is certain that she will succeed.
注意:(1)在"It is necessary/important/strange/natural...+that從句"結(jié)構(gòu)中,從句謂語(yǔ)常用"(should+)動(dòng)詞原形"形式。
3. 主語(yǔ)從句的特殊用法
(1)主語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句的轉(zhuǎn)換
?What is needed has been bought.
?All that is needed has been bought.
所有需要的都被買(mǎi)了。
(2)幾個(gè)特殊句型之間的轉(zhuǎn)換
?It is known to all that China has joined the WTO.
As is known to all, China has joined the WTO.
What is known to all is that China has joined the WTO.眾所周知,中國(guó)已加入WTO。
4. 從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí),句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)問(wèn)題
(1)從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)。
That they are not going to the cinema is a big surprise to us.他們不去看電影,這使我們感到很驚訝。
(2)what引導(dǎo)的從向作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù);若從句謂語(yǔ)或從句后的表語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)形式,則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用復(fù)數(shù)。
What she said is wrong.她所說(shuō)的是錯(cuò)誤的。
What we need are books.我們所需要的是書(shū)籍。
二、賓語(yǔ)從句
1)賓語(yǔ)從句主要跟在動(dòng)詞、介詞和某些形容詞之后。
I wish hat he woud understand me. 我希望他能理解我。
Whether we can succeed depends on how well we cooperate.我們能否成功取決于我們合作得怎么樣。
I’m afraid that I’ve made a mistake. 恐怕我犯了一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。
2)引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的連接詞主要有:
連接詞:that,whether,if等
連接代詞:what,who,whose,whatever,whichever,whoever等
連接副詞:when,where,why,how等
1. 連接詞that,whether,if引導(dǎo)
I think (that) you should turn to the teacher for help. 我認(rèn)為你應(yīng)該向老師尋求幫助。
I don’t know if/whether he still lives here after so many years. 我不知道這么多年后他是否還住在這兒。
2. 連接代詞what,who,whose,whatever,whichever,whoever等引導(dǎo)
She asked me whose handwriting was the best in the class. 她問(wèn)我班上誰(shuí)的書(shū)法最好。
I’ll just say whatever comes into my mind. 我想到什么就說(shuō)什么。
3. 連接副詞when,where,why,how等引導(dǎo)
Do you know when the ancient Olympic Games began? 你知道古代的奧運(yùn)會(huì)是什么時(shí)間開(kāi)始的嗎?
I’ve been thinking about how we can make the newspaper more interesting. 我一直在考慮如何使我們的報(bào)紙更用趣。
4. 賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序
在賓語(yǔ)從句中要用陳述句語(yǔ)序。
He asked me when we could set out the next day. 他問(wèn)我第二天什么時(shí)候可以出發(fā)。
Did you find out where she lost her car? 你查出她在哪里丟的車(chē)了嗎?
5. 賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)
(1)當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)時(shí),其賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)可以是任何適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)態(tài)。
She says (that) she works from Monday to Friday. 她說(shuō)她周一至周五上班。(從句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí))
she says (that) she will leave a message on his desk. 她說(shuō)她要在他桌子上留個(gè)便條。(從句是一般將來(lái)時(shí))
She says (that) she has never been to Mount Emei. 她說(shuō)她從來(lái)沒(méi)有去過(guò)峨眉山。(從句是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))
(2)當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般過(guò)去時(shí)時(shí),其賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)一般要用適當(dāng)?shù)倪^(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。
He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon. 他說(shuō)昨天下午沒(méi)有課。(從句是一般過(guò)去時(shí))
He said that he was going to take care of the baby. 他說(shuō)他會(huì)去照看這個(gè)嬰兒。(從句是過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí))
He said that they were having a meeting at that time. 他說(shuō)他們那時(shí)正在開(kāi)會(huì)。(從句是過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí))
(3)當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句是表達(dá)客觀真理和規(guī)律的句子時(shí),其時(shí)態(tài)仍舊用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
The teacher told us that nothing is difficult if we put our hearts into it. 老師告訴我們世上無(wú)難事,只怕有心人。
He said that light travels much faster than sound. 他說(shuō)光比聲音傳播得快。
注意:在使用賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)需要注意下面幾點(diǎn):
①動(dòng)詞find,feel,think,consider,make,believe,guess,suppose,assume等后有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí),則需要用it作形式賓語(yǔ),而將that賓語(yǔ)從句后置。
I think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every day. 我認(rèn)為每天多喝開(kāi)水是有必要的。
I have made it a rule that I keep diaries. 我每天寫(xiě)日記成了慣例。
②hate,like,take,owe,have,take for granted等表示"喜歡;痛恨;認(rèn)為"的動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)和see to表示"注意,留意"后有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí),需要用it作形式賓語(yǔ)而將賓語(yǔ)從句后置。
I hate it when they talk with their mouth full of food. 我討厭他們滿嘴食物說(shuō)話。
When you start the engine, you must see to it that the car is in neutral. 啟動(dòng)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)時(shí),一定要使汽車(chē)的離合器處于空檔位置。
③介詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句。
She is always thinking of how she can do more for others. 她總想著如何才能為別人做得更多。
We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.
我們正在討論是否讓學(xué)生加入我們的俱樂(lè)部。
④賓語(yǔ)從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移。將think,believe,suppose,expect,fancy,imagine等動(dòng)詞后面賓語(yǔ)從句的否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中,即主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用否定式,而從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用肯定式。
I don’t think I know you. 我想我并不認(rèn)識(shí)你。
I don’t believe he will come. 我相信他不會(huì)來(lái)。
三、表語(yǔ)從句
引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句的連接詞主要有:
連接詞:that,whether
連接代詞:who,whom,whose,which,what,whoever whomever,whichever,whatever
連接副詞:when,where,how,why
1. 連接詞引導(dǎo)
?The reason for his absence is that he hasn’t been informed. 他缺席的原因就是他沒(méi)接到通知。
?The question remains whether they will be able to help us. 問(wèn)題還是他們能否幫我們。
2. 連接代詞和連接副詞引導(dǎo)
?The problem is who will take charge of this shop. 問(wèn)題是誰(shuí)將接管這家店鋪。
?That is when I realized the importance of journalism. 那時(shí)我才意識(shí)到新聞工作的重要性。
注意:
(1)as/as if/as though引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句常跟在特定動(dòng)詞后面,如seem,appear,look,taste,sound,feel等。
?It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door. 聽(tīng)上去好像有人在敲門(mén)。
?At that time, it seemed as though I couldn’t think of the right word. 當(dāng)時(shí)我似乎怎么也想不出一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)淖盅蹃?lái)。
(2)當(dāng)主句的主語(yǔ)是reason時(shí),表語(yǔ)從句一般由that引導(dǎo),這種用法常見(jiàn)于句型The reason why... is that...
?The reason why he came late was that he got up late. 他來(lái)得晚是因?yàn)槠鸫餐砹恕?br />
2表語(yǔ)從句的三個(gè)易混句式
句式
用法
例句
This/'That is why+結(jié)果
意為"這那就是.....to work there. 那就是的原因",why 引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。
That's why I want you to work there.
我想要你在那兒工作的原因。
This/That/It is because +原因
意為"這/那是因?yàn)?....,because引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。
It's just because he |doesn't know her. 這
這僅僅是因?yàn)樗徽J(rèn)識(shí)她 。
The reason why... is that...
意為"......的原因是……”,why定語(yǔ)從句,修飾先行詞reason, that引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。
The reason why he didn't come was that it was raining heavily.他沒(méi)有來(lái)的原因是 (當(dāng)時(shí))雨下得很大。
四、 同位語(yǔ)從句
1. 同位語(yǔ)從句跟在名詞后面,進(jìn)一步解釋、說(shuō)明該名詞的具體內(nèi)容。同位語(yǔ)從句常跟在名詞idea, fact, news, hope, thought, suggestion等抽象名詞之后;
2. 連接詞that不能省略,無(wú)意義無(wú)成分;
3. 用whether而不用if引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句;
4. 連接代詞who(m), which, what,whose在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ);
5. 連接副詞where, when, why, how在從句作狀語(yǔ)。
6.分割式同位語(yǔ)從句:同位語(yǔ)從句有時(shí)被別的詞或短語(yǔ)把它和名詞隔開(kāi):(謂語(yǔ)較短,同位語(yǔ)從句較長(zhǎng))。
?The story goes that William Tell did kill the king with that sword.
7.若被同位語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)明的名詞是:advice, suggestion, proposal(建議), demand, request, requirement, order(命令)等表示建議、命令、要求的詞時(shí),同位語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)用"(should)+do"。
8.區(qū)別由that 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句:
①定語(yǔ)從句中的that是代詞,可在從句中作主、賓、表;同位語(yǔ)從句中的that是連詞,無(wú)成分無(wú)意義;
②定語(yǔ)從句——說(shuō)明先行詞的性質(zhì)與特征,與先行詞是修飾與被修飾的關(guān)系;
同位語(yǔ)從句——對(duì)名詞即先行詞加以補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明,是名詞全部?jī)?nèi)容的體現(xiàn)。
③在名詞和從句之間加be, 使之構(gòu)成一個(gè)新句子,如果合乎邏輯,句子通順,則是同位語(yǔ)從句,定語(yǔ)從句是不能用系表結(jié)構(gòu)把先行詞與從句連接起來(lái)的。
五、名詞性從句連接詞難點(diǎn)
1.that的用法。
(1)主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句中用that但不能省略。
?That they are good at English is known to us all.
?The problem is that we don’t have enough money.
?The report that there will be a severe storm in the northern area is false.
(2)一般情況下,賓語(yǔ)從句中的引導(dǎo)詞that可省略,但在以下幾種情況中that一般不省略:
①當(dāng)that從句和主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間有插入語(yǔ)時(shí);
②有多個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的從句時(shí),第一個(gè)that可以省略,而其他的that常不可省略;
③介詞except,but,besides,in等后跟that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí);
④當(dāng)when,who,what,where,why,how等引導(dǎo)的從句與that引導(dǎo)的從句作主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的并列賓語(yǔ)時(shí)。
?He judged that,because he was a child,he did not understand wine.
?The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.
?Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried.
(3)that和what的區(qū)別。
that 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí),在主從句中不擔(dān)當(dāng)任何句子成分,也沒(méi)有任何含義;而what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí),在主從句中都要充當(dāng)一定的句子成分,what可以分解成定語(yǔ)從句中的"先行詞+關(guān)系代詞",即常說(shuō)的"先行詞+that"。
?It’s a shame that he has made such a mistake.
?I will do what I can (do) to help him.
(4)同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句中that的區(qū)別。
同位語(yǔ)從句中的連接詞that只起連接作用,在從句中不擔(dān)當(dāng)任何句子成分;而定語(yǔ)從句中的關(guān)系代詞that在句中作賓語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ),與先行詞有修飾關(guān)系。如果句子
是同位語(yǔ)從句,就應(yīng)用連接詞that而不能用which。同位語(yǔ)從句一般放在表具體含義的名詞后解釋說(shuō)明名詞的含義或內(nèi)容,如以下名詞:news,fact,suggestion,truth,plan,belief,doubt,possibility,idea等,而定語(yǔ)從句只是對(duì)先行詞的限定和修飾。
?They expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again.(同位語(yǔ)從句)
?The hope they expressed is that they would come to visit China again.(定語(yǔ)從句)
2.whether和if的用法。
? (1)whether和if在賓語(yǔ)從句中可以互換,但是作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)連接詞一般用whether。
It all depends on whether they will come back.
(2)后面直接跟or not 時(shí)用whether。
?I didn’t know whether or not he had arrived in Wuhan.
(3)主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句中只能用whether。
?Whether the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet.
?The question is whether they have so much money.
(4)whether可以引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句,用以說(shuō)明前面的名詞的內(nèi)容,if則不能。
?We ought to discuss carefully the question whether we can do it or not.
(5)whether常與or連用表示一種選擇,if不能這樣用;whether也可與動(dòng)詞不定式連用但if不能。
?The question of whether they are male or female is not important.
?I have not decided whether to go or not.
(6)間接賓語(yǔ)位于句首時(shí)或者間接賓語(yǔ)提前時(shí)用whether不用if。
?Thank you,but whether I’ll be free I’m not sure at the moment.
(7)whether可引導(dǎo)一個(gè)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句表示"不管"、"無(wú)論",而if不能。
?Whether he comes or not,we will begin our party on time.
3.疑問(wèn)詞+ever和no matter+疑問(wèn)詞的區(qū)別。
(1)疑問(wèn)詞+ever可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句,在主從句中要充當(dāng)一定的成分。
?Whoever breaks the rule must be punished.
?You can choose whatever you like in the shop.
(2)疑問(wèn)詞+ever還可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。
?Whoever breaks the rule,he must be punished.
?Whatever you do,you must do it well.
(3)no matter+疑問(wèn)詞只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。
?No matter what you do,you must put your heart into it.
?No matter who comes late,he must be punished.
4.when和where引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別。
when 和where前面的名詞若是表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)的名詞,則when和where引導(dǎo)的是定語(yǔ)從句,否則則為同位語(yǔ)從句。
?They put forward the question where they could get the money.(同位語(yǔ)從句)
?This is the place where the accident happened.(定語(yǔ)從句)
5.名詞性從句中that不宜省略的幾種情況
賓語(yǔ)從句或表語(yǔ)從句中that有時(shí)可以省略,但在以下情況時(shí),that不宜省略。
(1)當(dāng)動(dòng)詞后帶有兩個(gè)并列的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),引入第二個(gè)從句的連詞that不可省略。如:
The teacher told the students (that) they should hand in their homework the next day and that the homework must be signed names by their parents.
老師告訴學(xué)生他們要在第二天交上作業(yè),并且作業(yè)必須由家長(zhǎng)簽名。
(2)當(dāng)that前面有插入語(yǔ)時(shí),that不宜省略。如:
Little Alice didn't know, I'm sure, that her sister was going to America.
我確信,小艾麗斯不知道她的姐姐很快就要去美國(guó)了。
(3)省略答語(yǔ)中,that賓語(yǔ)從句單獨(dú)出現(xiàn)時(shí),that不可省略。如:
—What did he say? 他說(shuō)了什么
—That he would visit the Great Wall. (他說(shuō))他將會(huì)參觀長(zhǎng)城。
(4)當(dāng)主句的狀語(yǔ)部分位于that 賓語(yǔ)從句之前時(shí),that不宜省略。如:
Jane realized at once that she must do with it herself. 珍立刻意識(shí)到她必須親自處理那件事。(如省略that,at once也可能修飾從句,是表示"立刻意識(shí)到……",還是表示"立刻去處理……",較為含糊)
(5) 當(dāng)that 賓語(yǔ)從句中的狀語(yǔ)部分位于從句的前部時(shí),that不宜省略。如:
?Tom promised that if he could earn as much as 500 dollars in this month, he would buy a computer for his brother. 湯姆許下諾言,如果他在這個(gè)月里能夠賺到500美元,他就給他的弟弟買(mǎi)臺(tái)電腦。
(6)當(dāng)that 賓語(yǔ)從句是雙賓語(yǔ)中的直接賓語(yǔ)時(shí),that一般不宜省略。如:
?I will never tell anyone that you have ever been there.
我絕對(duì)不會(huì)告訴別人你曾經(jīng)去過(guò)那兒。
練單句語(yǔ)法填空
1.Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt ________ he could have expressed it differently.
2.It is assumed, for a person to be healthy, ________ yin and yang forces should he in balance.
3.It is recommending ________ the vaccine be administered in two doses(劑) to those aged 18 and over.
4.It should reveal information about ________ icebergs affect their surroundings by, for example, dumping fresh water into the ocean as they melt.
5.This should serve as a warning ________ people should be aware of their surroundings, especially when crossing roads.
6.But perhaps ________ many tourists and San Franciscans treasure most about Chinatown is its food.
7.It is estimated ________ coral reefs contribute billions of dollars to the world economy annually, providing food,protection of shorelines,and jobs.
8.However, the fact is ________ bats play a significant role in keeping a balanced ecosystem. 9.Another reason is ________ many of today's young people believe it's wrong to kill animals for food.
10.Jim fell asleep in the math class today. That is ___________ he stayed up until midnight doing his homework.
11.The problem is ________ can take the place of her.
12._________is really interesting is that there are sometimes great cultural differences even between native speakers.
13.First, Adam had to think very carefully about ____ courses he wanted to take.
14.Whether ways will be found to stop pollution or not is just _____ worries the public.
15.When asked about ___________ inspired her to show such kindness towards a stranger, she simply shrugged and said, “I just try to do something nice.”
16.He didn’t finish his homework.That is ________he was punished by the teacher.
17.What has caused great confusion is ____________ the scientist made it without anyone else’s help.
18.One reason why there are so many French words in English is _____ the French ruled England for quite a number of years.
19.The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is________one can be entirely free from dust.
20.Your support is important to our work.________you can do helps.
21.The manager put forward a suggestion________we should have an assistant.There is too much work to do.
22.It is often the case________anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.
23.—I wonder________Mary has kept her figure after all these years.
—By working out every day.
24.Reading her biography,I was lost in admiration for________Doris Lessing had achieved in literature.
25.We must find out________Karl is coming,so we can book a room for him.
26.You have to know________you’re going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.
27.I truly believe________beauty comes from within.
28.The exhibition tells us________we should do something to stop air pollution.
29.________we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.
30.________Li Bai,a great Chinese poet,was born is known to the public,but some won’t accept it.
31.A ship in harbor is safe,but that’s not________ships are built for.
32.It is difficult for us to imagine________life was like for slaves in the ancient world.
33.I think________impresses me about his painting is the colours he uses.
34.Exactly________the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain,but it was probably around 1565.
35.Some people believe ________has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future.
36.________the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.
37.As John Lennon once said,life is________happens to you while you are busy making other plans.
38.Grandma pointed to the hospital and said,“That’s________I was born.”
39.“Every time you eat a sweet,drink green tea.” This is ________my mother used to tell me.
40.The best moment for the football star was________he scored the winning goal.
41.—What a mess! You are always so lazy!
—I’m not to blame,mum.I am________you have made me.
42.Pick yourself up.Courage is doing________you’re afraid to do.
43.Experts believe________people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary.
44.Police have found________appears to be the lost ancient statue.
45.It’s good to know________the dogs will be well cared for while we’re away.
46.________you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the company.
47.It remains to be seen________the newly formed committee’s policy can be put into practice.
48.________struck me most in the movie was the father’s deep love for his son.
49.________one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it.
50.________makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.
51.________I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my parents.
52.From space,the earth looks blue.This is________about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water.
53.The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief________ you are better than anyone else on the sports field.
54.Do not let any failures discourage you,for you can never tell________ close you may be to victory.
55.It doesn’t matter________you turn right or left at the crossing—both roads lead to the park.
56.Everyone in the village is very friendly.It doesn’t matter________you have lived there for a short or a long time.
57.It is by no means clear________the president can do to end the strike.
58.The limits of a person’s intelligence,generally speaking,are fixed at birth,but ________he reaches these limits will depend on his environment.
59.Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt________he could have expressed it differently.
60.The newcomer went to the library the other day and searched for________he could find about Mark Twain.
61.We promise________attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.
62.Scientists study________human brains work to make computers.
63.It suddenly occurred to him________he had left his keys in the office.
64.He is shy and quiet. However, ______ he said at the meeting surprised everybody present.
65.Before a problem can be solved, it must be obvious ______the problem itself is.
練短文語(yǔ)法填空
閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
Test 1
Emperor penguins are the largest of all penguins— ___1___ average bird stands some 45 inches tall. 'These flightless animals live on the Antarctic ice and in the frigid surrounding water.
___2___ (employ) physiological adaptations and cooperative behaviors, emperor penguins can deal with the incredibly difficult environment in Antarctic,___3___ wind chills (寒冷) can reach -76°F. They escape wind and save ___4___ (warm) by gathering together. Once one penguin has warmed a bit it will move to tie perimeter (邊緣) of the group so that others can enjoy protection ___5___ the icy environment.
Emperor penguins spend the long winter on the open ice — and even breed during this freezing season. In mid-May, females lay a single egg and then soon leave ___6___ behind. Throughout the winter, males keep the eggs warm while females make long journey to the open ocean ___7___ (feed) itself during the most unforgiving weather on the earth. When female penguins return to the breeding site with a belly full of food, with which they will feed the ___8___ (new) hatched chicks, the males ___9___(suffer)bunger for four months and lost almost half their weight. Meanwhile, their duty done, male emperors make their way to the sea in search of food for themselves. In December, Antarctic summer, the pack ice begins to break up and open water ____10____ (appear) near the breeding site, just as young emperor penguins are ready to swim and fish on their own.
Test 2
As a saying goes, “Birth is much, but breeding is more”. Chinese families attach great ___11___(significant) to their children's education. ___12___ it comes to children's education, Chinese parents will spare no effort.
What many parents are convinced is __13__ they must devote themselves to guaranteeing their children will receive a good education. They will ask their children to take all kinds of tutorial classes during weekends and holidays. They are not only willing___14___ (invest) in education for their children, but also prepared to spend countless hours supercising (監(jiān)督)their studies, because most parents hope that their children can ___15___(admit) into an ideal university. As a result __16__ China's Reform and Opening-up Policy, more and more parents are able to afford their children's study abroad or their participation in an international exchange program, all of which will ___17___(broad) their horizons. In the past few years, more children __18__( prefer) to go abroad for further education.
Parents expect their children to grow up ___19___( excellent) through their efforts, ___20___( make) contributions to the nation5 s development and prosperity eventually.
Test 3
Banquet of Tang Palace, a dancing show performed by 14 dancers from Zhengzhou Song and Dance Theater, became a hit online after it ____21____(stage)at the year 2020 Spring Festival gala of central China’s Henan Province.
The performance, inspired by the dancing figurines(小雕像)of the Tang Dynasty (618-907)tells a story about____22____ life of female musicians during the Tang Dynasty.
"We’ve been exploring the proper way____23____ (perform) the postures(姿勢(shì)) and____24____(face) expressions of the female musicians with dance after we saw the dancing figurines displayed at the museum ". said Chen Lin, a director of the theater.
It’s not an easy task____25____ the dancers. Every time before performing, they have to spend nearly three hours on make-up and____26____(prepare). They even have to stuff their mouths with cotton and put on cotton-filled costumes. and headwear, which____27____(weigh) 30 kilograms, to achieve the____28____ (slight) fat appearance of the Tang Dynasty people.
"The story is____29____(appeal), and the emotion is_____30_____ moves people. " said Feng Shuangbai, chairman of the Chinese Dancers Association. "When the audience is interested and sees in, they will pay more attention to and understand the historical and cultural elements contained in the work, and the culture will be spread. "
練單句語(yǔ)法填空答案解析
1.【答案】that
【解析】考查名詞性從句。句意:杰里并不后悔說(shuō)了這樣的話,但他覺(jué)得他可以用不同的方式表達(dá)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,“__ he could have expressed it differently”是位于felt后的賓語(yǔ)從句;從句不缺成分,符合主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu);用只起連接作用的連詞that引起該從句。故填that。
2.【答案】that
【解析】考查名詞性從句。句意:人們認(rèn)為,為了使一個(gè)人健康,陰陽(yáng)力量應(yīng)該平衡。根據(jù)句意及句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處考查“It is assumed that”。其中It作形式主語(yǔ),that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句作真正的主語(yǔ),引導(dǎo)詞that不可以省略。故填that。
3.【答案】that
【解析】考查名詞性從句。句意:建議18歲及以上的人接種兩劑疫苗。句中it作形式主語(yǔ),從句不缺少成分且句意完整,所以用連接詞that引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句。故填that。
4.【答案】how
【解析】考查名詞性從句。句意:它應(yīng)該揭示冰山如何影響其周?chē)h(huán)境的信息,例如,冰山融化時(shí)向海洋中注入淡水。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處“___ icebergs affect their surroundings”是位于介詞about后的賓語(yǔ)從句;從句符合主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu),所以不能填連接代詞;根據(jù)句意,此處意指“冰山如何影響周?chē)h(huán)境”,所以用關(guān)系副詞how引起該從句。故填how。
5.【答案】that
【解析】考查同位語(yǔ)從句。句意:這應(yīng)該當(dāng)作一種警告,人們應(yīng)該意識(shí)到周?chē)沫h(huán)境,特別是穿過(guò)馬路的時(shí)候。此處引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句,從句句意完整、成分齊全,應(yīng)用只起連接作用、無(wú)實(shí)意的that引導(dǎo)。故填that。
6.【答案】what
【解析】考查名詞性從句。句意:但是或許許多游客和舊金山的人關(guān)于華人街最看重的是它的飲食。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句,表示“……的事物”,在主語(yǔ)從句中 treasure 缺少賓語(yǔ),所以填what。
7.【答案】that
【解析】考查連接詞。句意:據(jù)估計(jì),珊瑚礁每年為世界經(jīng)濟(jì)貢獻(xiàn)數(shù)億美元,提供食物,保護(hù)海岸線以及解決就業(yè)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,It在句中作形式主語(yǔ),空處引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句,從句結(jié)構(gòu)和意義完整,所以填that。
8.【答案】that
【解析】考查連接詞。句意:然而,事實(shí)是蝙蝠在保持生態(tài)系統(tǒng)平衡方面起著重要的作用。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句,連接詞在從句中不作句子成分,所以填that。
9.【答案】that
【解析】考查表語(yǔ)從句。句意:另一個(gè)原因是,今天的許多年輕人認(rèn)為為了食物而殺死動(dòng)物是錯(cuò)誤的。分析句子可知,本句是表語(yǔ)從句,表語(yǔ)從句中不缺少成分,只缺少一個(gè)引導(dǎo)詞,此時(shí)要用that 引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。故填that。
10.【答案】because
【解析】考查表語(yǔ)從句。句意:吉姆今天在數(shù)學(xué)課上睡著了。那是因?yàn)樗疽棺鲎鳂I(yè)直到半夜。此處是表語(yǔ)從句,根據(jù)句意可知,此處使用連接詞because“因?yàn)椤币龑?dǎo)。故填because。
11.【答案】who
【解析】考查表語(yǔ)從句。句意:?jiǎn)栴}是誰(shuí)能代替她。分析句子可知,空格處引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句,連接代詞who引導(dǎo)從句,在從句中作主語(yǔ),指人,符合句意。故填who。
12.【答案】What
【解析】考查主語(yǔ)從句。句意:真正有趣的是,有時(shí)甚至在以英語(yǔ)為母語(yǔ)的人之間也存在巨大的文化差異。本句是兩個(gè)復(fù)合句,前半句是主語(yǔ)從句,后半句是that引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句,主語(yǔ)從句部分缺少主語(yǔ),結(jié)合句意,應(yīng)用what,故填What。
13.【答案】which
【解析】考查賓語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞。句意:首先,Adam必須非常仔細(xì)地考慮他想選擇哪些課程。分析句子可知,空格處引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句作think about的賓語(yǔ),連接(形容詞性)代詞which,意為“哪個(gè);哪些”,修飾名詞courses,符合句意。故填which。
14.【答案】what
【解析】考查表語(yǔ)從句。句意:公眾擔(dān)心的是是否能找到阻止污染的方法。本句是表語(yǔ)從句,從句缺少主語(yǔ),結(jié)合句意,此處表示讓公眾擔(dān)心的事情,需要用what連接,故填what。
15.【答案】what
【解析】考查賓語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞。句意:當(dāng)被問(wèn)及是什么促使她對(duì)一個(gè)陌生人表現(xiàn)出如此善良時(shí),她只是聳了聳肩說(shuō):“我只是想做點(diǎn)好事?!庇^察所給句子可知,asked about后為賓語(yǔ)從句,其中缺少主語(yǔ)成分,用what引導(dǎo)。故填what。
16.【答案】why
【解析】考查連詞。句意:他沒(méi)有完成家庭作業(yè),這就是為什么他被老師懲罰。本句是表語(yǔ)從句,根據(jù)句意,從句缺少原因狀語(yǔ),故填why。
17.【答案】how
【解析】考查表語(yǔ)從句。句意:讓人困惑的是,這位科學(xué)家在沒(méi)有任何人幫助的情況下是如何做到這一點(diǎn)的。分析句子可知,“______ the scientist made it without anyone else’s help”是表語(yǔ)從句,從句缺少方式狀語(yǔ),故填how。
18.【答案】that
【解析】考查表語(yǔ)從句。句意:英語(yǔ)中有這么多法語(yǔ)單詞的一個(gè)原因是法國(guó)人統(tǒng)治了英國(guó)很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間。此處放在系動(dòng)詞is后面為句法完整的句子,用that引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。故填that。
19.【答案】that
【解析】考查表語(yǔ)從句連詞。句意:雨季最令人愉快的事是人們可以完全擺脫灰塵。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可以看出,本空需要連接詞引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句,且連詞在從句中不作任何成分,只起連接作用,故用that引導(dǎo)這個(gè)從句。故填that。
20.【答案】Whatever
【解析】考查主語(yǔ)從句連詞。句意:你的支持對(duì)我們的工作很重要,無(wú)論你能做些什么來(lái)幫助我們。分析句子成分和句意可知,本空需要連接代詞引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句并在從句中作do的賓語(yǔ),再根據(jù)句意可知,此處表示“無(wú)論什么”,故用Whatever引導(dǎo)這個(gè)主語(yǔ)從句。故填Whatever。
21.【答案】that
【解析】考查同位語(yǔ)從句連詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處在此引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句,解釋說(shuō)明suggestion的具體內(nèi)容,且從句句意和句子成分完整,故填that。
22.【答案】that
【解析】考查主語(yǔ)從句連詞。句意:通常對(duì)于那些懷揣希望的人來(lái)說(shuō)一切都有可能。句中It是形式主語(yǔ),從句中句意完整,不缺少成分,因此用that來(lái)引導(dǎo),且that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句后置。故填that。
23.【答案】how
【解析】考查賓語(yǔ)從句連詞。根據(jù)答語(yǔ)“By working out every day.(通過(guò)每天鍛煉身體)”可知,空格處用how來(lái)引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句,表示方式。故填how。
24.【答案】what
【解析】考查賓語(yǔ)從句連詞。句意:讀著她的自傳,我對(duì)Doris Lessing在文學(xué)上已經(jīng)取得的成就贊嘆不已。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)判斷,for后接一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句,而從句中缺少賓語(yǔ),從句缺主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)且指代事物時(shí)由what引導(dǎo),故填what。
25.【答案】when
【解析】考查賓語(yǔ)從句連詞。句意:我們一定要搞清楚Karl什么時(shí)候來(lái),以便我們給他訂房間。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處填連詞引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句,由句意可知,要給Karl訂房間,那么就要清楚他來(lái)這里的時(shí)間。故填when。
26.【答案】where
【解析】考查賓語(yǔ)從句的連詞。句意:如果你要計(jì)劃到達(dá)那里的最佳路線,你就必須知道你要去哪兒。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處應(yīng)用where引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句,根據(jù)句意可知,where在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),意為“在哪”,故填where。
27.【答案】that
【解析】考查賓語(yǔ)從句連詞。句意:我真的相信美是發(fā)自內(nèi)心的。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,beauty comes from within在句中作believe的賓語(yǔ),是賓語(yǔ)從句,且語(yǔ)意完整。故填that。
28.【答案】that
【解析】考查賓語(yǔ)從句連詞。句意:該展覽告訴我們?yōu)槭裁次覀円扇〈胧┳柚箍諝馕廴?。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處填連詞引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句,根據(jù)句意可知,空格處用why引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。意為“為什么”,故填why。
29. 【答案】How
【解析】考查主語(yǔ)從句連詞。句意:我們?nèi)绾卫斫馐挛锱c我們的感受有很大關(guān)系。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,we understand things在句中作主語(yǔ),是主語(yǔ)從句,根據(jù)句意可知,此處應(yīng)用連接副詞How表示“怎樣”,故填How。
30. 【答案】where
31. 【解析】考查主語(yǔ)從句連詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處填連接副詞引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句,跟據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知,此處指有些人對(duì)大詩(shī)人李白的出生地存在質(zhì)疑,此處用Where引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句。故填Where。
31.【答案】what
【解析】考查表語(yǔ)從句連詞。句意:港口里的船是安全的,但那不是建造船的目的。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處引導(dǎo)的是表語(yǔ)從句,且從句中的介詞for缺賓語(yǔ),故根據(jù)語(yǔ)境,此處用what引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。故填what。
32.【答案】what
【解析】考查賓語(yǔ)從句連詞。句意:我們很難想象在古代奴隸的生活是什么樣子的。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)殼子,空處填連接代詞引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句,再結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知,what...was like表示“某事是什么樣子的”。故填what。
33.【答案】what
【解析】考查名詞性從句連詞。句意:我認(rèn)為他的畫(huà)給我留下深刻印象的是他使用的顏色。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,think后的賓語(yǔ)從句中含有主語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句,主語(yǔ)從句中缺少主語(yǔ),根據(jù)句意可知,這里指物。故填what。
34.【答案】when
【解析】考查主語(yǔ)從句連詞。句意:土豆被引進(jìn)歐洲的確切時(shí)間不確定,但很可能是在1565年左右。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處填連接副詞引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句,結(jié)合句意可知,此處應(yīng)用when引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句,when在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),意為“什么時(shí)候”,故填when。
35.【答案】that
【解析】考查賓語(yǔ)從句連詞。句意:許多人相信以前已經(jīng)發(fā)生的或者正在發(fā)生的任何事情將來(lái)都會(huì)再次發(fā)生。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,believe后為賓語(yǔ)從句,在賓語(yǔ)從句中, has happened before or is happening now作主語(yǔ),是主語(yǔ)從句,所填內(nèi)容在主語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ),且指任何事物,應(yīng)用連接代詞whatever。故填whatever。
36.【答案】when
【解析】考查主語(yǔ)從句連詞。句意:那班被延誤的航班什么時(shí)間將起飛主要取決于天氣。根據(jù)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)判斷,此處用連接副詞引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句,再根據(jù)句意,此處表示“什么時(shí)間”。故填When。
37.【答案】what
【解析】考查表語(yǔ)從句的連詞。句意:正如約翰·列儂曾經(jīng)說(shuō)過(guò)的一樣,當(dāng)我們正在為生活疲于奔波時(shí),生活已悄然發(fā)生。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處用連接代詞引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句,再結(jié)合句意可知,此處應(yīng)用what在表語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)。故填what。
38.【答案】where
【解析】考查表語(yǔ)從句的連詞。句意:奶奶指著那家醫(yī)院說(shuō),“那是我出生的地方?!狈治鼍渥咏Y(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處用連接副詞引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句,再根據(jù)句意可知,where引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句且在句中做地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。表示“在哪”,故填where。
39.【答案】what
【解析】考查表語(yǔ)從句連詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空格處應(yīng)用what引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句,且what在從句中作tell 的賓語(yǔ),從句缺主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)且指代事物時(shí)由what引導(dǎo),故填what。
40. 【答案】when
41. 【解析】考查表語(yǔ)從句連詞。句意:對(duì)足球明星來(lái)說(shuō),最得意的時(shí)刻是踢進(jìn)制勝球的時(shí)候。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,he scored the winning goal在句中作表語(yǔ),是表語(yǔ)從句,根據(jù)句意這里應(yīng)表示“當(dāng)……時(shí)”,故填when。
41.【答案】what
【解析】考查賓語(yǔ)從句連詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,what引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句,在從句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),再根據(jù)句意可知,此處意為“……樣子的人”。故填what。
42.【答案】what
【解析】考查賓語(yǔ)從句連詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處填連接代詞引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句,且從句中缺賓語(yǔ),故用what在從句中作do的賓語(yǔ)。故填what。
43.【答案】that
【解析】考查賓語(yǔ)從句連詞。句意:專(zhuān)家們認(rèn)為如果人們只在必要時(shí)購(gòu)物,就會(huì)浪費(fèi)較少的食物。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處填連接代詞引導(dǎo)的是賓語(yǔ)從句,且從句中不缺成分,that在從句中不作成分,可以省略。故填that。
44.【答案】that
【解析】考查賓語(yǔ)從句連詞。句意:警察找到的東西似乎是那尊丟失的古代雕像。分析句子成分可知,空處引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句,且在從句中作主語(yǔ),從句缺主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)且指代事物時(shí)由what引導(dǎo),故填what。
45.【答案】that
【解析】考查賓語(yǔ)從句連詞。分析句子成分可知,空處填連接代詞引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句,且從句不缺句子成分,故填that。
46.【答案】What
【解析】考查主語(yǔ)從句連詞。句意:你在會(huì)上所說(shuō)的話描述了公司的光明前景。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句,且在從句中作賓語(yǔ),從句缺主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)且指代事物時(shí)由what引導(dǎo),故填What。
47. 【答案】whether
48. 【解析】考查主語(yǔ)從句連詞。句意:這個(gè)新成立的委員會(huì)的政策能否實(shí)施還有待觀察。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,It作形式主語(yǔ),而真正的主語(yǔ)是后面的從句the newly formed committee’ s policy can be put into practice;再根據(jù)句意可判斷,此處表示“是否”,故填whether。
48.【答案】What
【解析】考查主語(yǔ)從句連詞句意:這部電影最打動(dòng)我的是父親對(duì)他兒子深深的愛(ài)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處填連詞引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句,且從句中缺少主語(yǔ),再結(jié)合句意可知,從句缺主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)且指代事物時(shí)由what引導(dǎo),故填What。
49.【答案】that
【解析】考查主語(yǔ)從句連詞。句意:你們中任何一個(gè)人打破窗戶都必須賠償。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處填連接代詞引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句,再根據(jù)句意可知,空處要用whichever修飾one,指“你們中的任何一個(gè)人”。故填Whichever。
50.【答案】What
【解析】考查主語(yǔ)從句連詞。句意:讓這本書(shū)如此非凡的是作者創(chuàng)造性的想象力。分析句子的結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處填連接代詞引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句,且在從句中做主語(yǔ),從句缺主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)且指代事物時(shí)由what引導(dǎo),故填What。
51.【答案】What
【解析】考查主語(yǔ)從句連詞。句意:我想告訴你的是我對(duì)我父母深深的愛(ài)和尊重。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知, 空處填連詞引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句,且做tell的賓語(yǔ),再結(jié)合句意可知,從句缺主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)且指代事物時(shí)由what引導(dǎo), 故填What。
52. 【答案】because
【解析】考查表語(yǔ)從句。句意:從太空中看,地球是藍(lán)色的。這是因?yàn)榈厍虮砻婕s71%都被水覆蓋著。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處填連詞引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句,根據(jù)前后兩句之間的邏輯關(guān)系可知,此處為“前果后因”,故填because。
53.【答案】that
【解析】考查同位語(yǔ)從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處用that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句,該從句解釋說(shuō)明belief的具體內(nèi)容,that在從句中不作成分。故填that。
54.【答案】how
【解析】考查賓語(yǔ)從句連詞。句意:別讓失敗的事使你灰心喪氣,因?yàn)槟阌肋h(yuǎn)不可能弄清楚你可能離勝利有多近。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處填連詞引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句,且空處修飾形容詞close,再結(jié)合句意可知,此處填how表示“多么”,故填how。
55.【答案】whether
【解析】考查主語(yǔ)從句連詞。句意:在十字路口無(wú)論你向左轉(zhuǎn)還是向右轉(zhuǎn)都沒(méi)關(guān)系,兩條路都通向公園。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處填連詞引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句,再結(jié)合句意可知,whether…or…表示“無(wú)論……還是……”故填whether。
56. 【答案】whether
【解析】考查主語(yǔ)從句連詞。句意:這個(gè)村子里的每個(gè)人都很友好。不管你在那里住的時(shí)間長(zhǎng)或短都沒(méi)關(guān)系。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處填連詞引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句,再結(jié)合句意可知,whether…or…表示“無(wú)論……還是……”故填whether。
57.【答案】what
【解析】考查主語(yǔ)從句連詞。句意:總統(tǒng)能做什么來(lái)結(jié)束罷工,這點(diǎn)完全不清楚。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,本句中的It是形式主語(yǔ),真正的主語(yǔ)是從句 the president can do to end the strike。在從句中,what作do的賓語(yǔ)。故填what。
58.【答案】whether
【解析】考查主語(yǔ)從句連詞。句意:一個(gè)人的智力極限,通常來(lái)說(shuō),在出生時(shí)就已經(jīng)定型了,但他是否能夠達(dá)到這些極限則取決于自己的環(huán)境。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處填連詞引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句,根據(jù)depend on可知,空處填whether表示“是否”,故填whether。
59.【答案】that
【解析】考查賓語(yǔ)從句連詞。句意:Jerry不后悔給出評(píng)論,但是他覺(jué)得自己本來(lái)可以用不同的方式來(lái)表達(dá)的。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處填連詞引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句,且從句中不做成分,故填that。
60.【答案】whatever
【解析】考查賓語(yǔ)從句連詞句意:這個(gè)新來(lái)的人幾天前去了圖書(shū)館,搜尋他能找到的任何關(guān)于馬克·吐溫的資料。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處所填詞引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句,并且在從句中作find的賓語(yǔ),指物,根據(jù)句意可知,whatever表示“無(wú)論什么”,故填whatever。
61. 【答案】whoever
【解析】考查賓語(yǔ)從句連詞。句意:我們?cè)S諾,任何參加這個(gè)聚會(huì)的人都會(huì)有與那個(gè)電影明星合影的機(jī)會(huì)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處填連詞引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句,本句中promise sb.sth.表示“答應(yīng)某人某事”,再結(jié)合結(jié)合句意可知,whoever引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句,該從句作promise的賓語(yǔ),且whoever在賓語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ),表示“任何人”。故填whoever。
62.【答案】how【解析】考查賓語(yǔ)從句連詞。句意:科學(xué)家研究人腦是如何制造計(jì)算機(jī)的。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處填連詞引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句,再根據(jù)句意可知,how引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句,并在從句中作狀語(yǔ),表示方式。故填how。
63.【答案】that
【解析】考查主語(yǔ)從句連詞。句意:他突然想起他把鑰匙落在辦公室里了。根據(jù)句意可知,It suddenly occurred to sb.that...表示“某人突然想起……”。It在句中作形式主語(yǔ),真正的主語(yǔ)是that引導(dǎo)的從句。故填that。
64.【答案】what
【解析】what考查主語(yǔ)從句。句意:他很害羞安靜,然而,他在會(huì)議上所說(shuō)的話讓在場(chǎng)的每個(gè)人都震驚了。本句是主語(yǔ)從句,主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是surprised,從句缺少主語(yǔ),根據(jù)句意,what表示“什么”符合句意,故填what。
65.【答案】what
【解析】考查主語(yǔ)從句。句意:在解決一個(gè)問(wèn)題之前,問(wèn)題本身必須是顯而易見(jiàn)的。本句是主語(yǔ)從句,從句缺少表語(yǔ),表示“什么”,應(yīng)用what,故填what。
練短文語(yǔ)法填空答案解析
Test 1
1.a(chǎn)n 2.Employing 3.where 4.warmth 5.from/against
6.it 7.to feed 8.newly 9.have suffered 10.a(chǎn)ppears
【解析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了帝企鵝的生活習(xí)性,包括其繁衍后代的方式。
1.考查不定冠詞。句意:帝企鵝是所有企鵝中體型最大的,鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)的平均身高約為45英寸。分析句子可知,此處應(yīng)填不定冠詞,表泛指,修飾可數(shù)名詞bird。由于average是元音音素開(kāi)頭,所以應(yīng)使用不定冠詞an。故填an。
2.考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:帝企鵝利用生理適應(yīng)和合作行為,能夠應(yīng)付南極極端惡劣的環(huán)境,那里寒風(fēng)刺骨,溫度可達(dá)零下76華氏度。Employ與主語(yǔ)emperor penguins是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,應(yīng)使用現(xiàn)在分詞,作狀語(yǔ)。句子首字母大寫(xiě)。故填Employing。
3.考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意:帝企鵝利用生理適應(yīng)和合作行為,能夠應(yīng)付南極極端惡劣的環(huán)境,那里寒風(fēng)刺骨,溫度可達(dá)零下76華氏度。此處是非限定性定語(yǔ)從句,先行詞Antarctic為地點(diǎn)名詞,在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)。故填where。
4.考查名詞。句意:它們聚集在一起,躲避風(fēng)雨,保存溫暖。根據(jù)動(dòng)詞save可知,空處應(yīng)填名詞warmth作賓語(yǔ),不可數(shù)。故填warmth。
5.考查介詞。句意:一旦一只企鵝暖和了一點(diǎn),它就會(huì)移動(dòng)到群體的周邊,這樣其他的企鵝就可以在冰冷的環(huán)境中享受保護(hù)。結(jié)合句意,空處應(yīng)填from或against,放在protection 之后,表達(dá)“防止,阻止”之意。故填from或against。
6.考查代詞。句意:在五月中旬,雌性會(huì)產(chǎn)下一個(gè)卵,然后很快就會(huì)離開(kāi)。分析句子可知,空處指代前文提到的a single egg,為避免重復(fù),應(yīng)使用代詞it指代。故填it。
7.考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:整個(gè)冬天,在地球上最?lèi)毫拥奶鞖饫铮坌员3致训臏嘏?,而雌性則長(zhǎng)途跋涉到開(kāi)闊的海洋里去覓食。分析句子可知,此處應(yīng)使用動(dòng)詞不定式,表目的。故填to feed。
8.考查副詞。句意:當(dāng)雌企鵝帶著滿滿一肚子的食物回到繁殖地,用來(lái)喂養(yǎng)剛孵化出來(lái)的小企鵝時(shí),雄企鵝忍受了四個(gè)月,體重幾乎減輕了一半。修飾過(guò)去分詞hatched,應(yīng)用副詞。故填newly。
9.考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意:當(dāng)雌企鵝帶著滿滿一肚子的食物回到繁殖地,用來(lái)喂養(yǎng)剛孵化出來(lái)的小企鵝時(shí),雄企鵝忍受了四個(gè)月,體重幾乎減輕了一半。由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)for four months可知,空處應(yīng)使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。主語(yǔ)是the males,復(fù)數(shù)名詞,故填have suffered。
10.考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)及主謂一致。句意:12月,南極洲的夏天,浮冰開(kāi)始破裂,在繁殖地附近出現(xiàn)開(kāi)闊的水域,這時(shí)年輕的帝企鵝準(zhǔn)備游泳,自己捕魚(yú)。根據(jù)并列連詞and可知,空處應(yīng)與begins時(shí)態(tài)一致,作不可數(shù)名詞open water的謂語(yǔ),不可數(shù)名詞的謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)使用第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式。故填appears。
Test 2
11.significance 12.when 13.that 14.to invest 15.be admitted
16.of 17.broaden 18.have preferred 19.excellently 20.making
【解析】本文是議論文,本文講述中國(guó)的父母重視對(duì)孩子的教育,為孩子創(chuàng)造學(xué)習(xí)條件。
11.考查名詞。句意:中國(guó)家庭非常重視孩子的教育。attach significant to表示重視......,此處應(yīng)用名詞形式,故填significance。
12.考查固定句型。句意:當(dāng)提到孩子的教育時(shí),中國(guó)父母會(huì)不遺余力。when it comes to ...“當(dāng)提到......時(shí)”, 符合句意,故填When。
13.考查表語(yǔ)從句。句意:許多父母相信他們必須致力于保證他們的孩子能接受良好的教育。本句是表語(yǔ)從句,that在表語(yǔ)從句中不作成分,也沒(méi)有意義,故填that。
14.考查不定式。句意:他們不僅愿意投資孩子的教育......。be willing to do 表示“愿意做......”,此處動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用不定式形式。故填to invest。
15.考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意:因?yàn)榇蠖鄶?shù)父母都希望他們的孩子能進(jìn)入理想的大學(xué)。本句主語(yǔ)是children,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是admit,主謂之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),空前有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can,be動(dòng)詞用原形,故填be admitted。
16.考查介詞。句意:由于中國(guó)的改革開(kāi)放政策,越來(lái)越多的父母有能力負(fù)擔(dān)他們的孩子出國(guó)留學(xué)或參加國(guó)際交流項(xiàng)目。as a result of 譯為“因?yàn)?.....”。故填of。
17.考查動(dòng)詞。句意:越來(lái)越多的家長(zhǎng)能夠負(fù)擔(dān)得起孩子出國(guó)留學(xué)或參加國(guó)際交流項(xiàng)目的費(fèi)用,這些都將拓寬他們的視野??涨坝星閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞will,此處應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞原形。故填broaden。
18.考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意:在過(guò)去的幾年里,更多的孩子更愿意出國(guó)深造。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)in the past few year ,可知應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。故填have preferred。
19.考查副詞。句意:父母期望他們的孩子通過(guò)自己的努力成長(zhǎng)得出色,最終為國(guó)家的發(fā)展和繁榮做出貢獻(xiàn)。此處應(yīng)用副詞修飾動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)grow up。故填excellently。
20.考查現(xiàn)在分詞。句意:父母期望他們的孩子通過(guò)自己的努力成長(zhǎng)得出色,最終為國(guó)家的發(fā)展和繁榮做出貢獻(xiàn)。their children與make之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ),故填making。
Test 3
21.was staged 22.the 23.to perform 24.facial 25.for
26.preparation 27.weighs 28.slightly 29.a(chǎn)ppealing 30.what
【解析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了《唐宮夜宴》這一火爆的春晚節(jié)目以及它背后的故事。
21.考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意:鄭州歌舞劇院的14名舞蹈演員在2020年河南省春節(jié)聯(lián)歡晚會(huì)的舞臺(tái)上表演的一場(chǎng)舞蹈表演---《唐宮夜宴》,在網(wǎng)上引起了轟動(dòng)。主語(yǔ)it(單數(shù))與動(dòng)詞stage之間是被動(dòng)的關(guān)系,且動(dòng)作發(fā)生在2020年,故應(yīng)使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。故填was staged。
22.考查定冠詞。句意:表演靈感來(lái)自唐代(618-907)的舞俑,講述了關(guān)于唐代女樂(lè)手生活的故事。此處特指“唐代女樂(lè)手的生活”,應(yīng)使用定冠詞the。故填the。
23.考查不定式。句意:“看到博物館展出的舞俑后,我們一直在探索正確的方法,表演女樂(lè)師的姿勢(shì)和面部表情。”,戲劇導(dǎo)演陳林說(shuō)。分析句子可知,此處應(yīng)使用動(dòng)詞不定式,表目的。故填to perform。
24.考查形容詞。句意:“看到博物館展出的舞俑后,我們一直在探索正確的方法,表演女樂(lè)師的姿勢(shì)和面部表情?!?,戲劇導(dǎo)演陳林說(shuō)。分析句子可知,空處應(yīng)使用形容詞作定語(yǔ),修飾名詞expressions。故填facial。
25.考查介詞。句意:這對(duì)舞者來(lái)說(shuō),不是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的任務(wù)。結(jié)合句意,表達(dá)“對(duì)…...來(lái)說(shuō)”,it is +名詞+for sb,應(yīng)使用介詞for加sb.。故填for。
26.考查名詞。句意:每次表演前,他們都要花將近三個(gè)小時(shí)化妝和準(zhǔn)備。and連接來(lái)個(gè)并列成分,make-up(化妝)為名詞,空處也應(yīng)該使用名詞形式。故填preparation。
27.考查動(dòng)詞。句意:他們甚至不得不用棉花塞住嘴巴,穿上棉花裝飾的服裝以及戴上重達(dá)30公斤的頭飾,再現(xiàn)唐人微胖的形象。由前文的have to 可知,從句應(yīng)該用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句缺謂語(yǔ),且which指代先行詞headwear,為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù),故空處應(yīng)使用動(dòng)詞的第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式。故填weights。
28.考查副詞。句意:他們甚至不得不用棉花塞住嘴巴,穿上棉花裝飾的服裝以及戴上重達(dá)30公斤的頭飾,再現(xiàn)唐人微胖的形象。分析句子可知,應(yīng)使用副詞修飾形容詞fat。故填slightly。
29.考查形容詞。句意:“這個(gè)故事很有吸引力,而情感卻讓人感動(dòng)。”,中國(guó)舞蹈家協(xié)會(huì)主席馮雙柏說(shuō)。結(jié)合句意和系動(dòng)詞is可知,空處應(yīng)填形容詞作表語(yǔ)。故填appealing。
30.考查表語(yǔ)從句連接詞。句意:“這個(gè)故事很有吸引力,而情感卻讓人感動(dòng)?!敝袊?guó)舞蹈家協(xié)會(huì)主席馮雙柏說(shuō)。分析句子可知,空處應(yīng)填what引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句,指物,并在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)成分。故填what。
這是一份高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)基礎(chǔ)過(guò)關(guān)練習(xí)專(zhuān)題14構(gòu)詞法 (含解析),共27頁(yè)。試卷主要包含了 復(fù)合名詞的主要構(gòu)成方式, 復(fù)合形容詞的主要構(gòu)成方式, 復(fù)合動(dòng)詞的主要構(gòu)成方式, 復(fù)合副詞的主要構(gòu)成方式, 動(dòng)詞+ing→形容詞等內(nèi)容,歡迎下載使用。
這是一份高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)基礎(chǔ)過(guò)關(guān)練習(xí)專(zhuān)題09定語(yǔ)從句 (含解析),共19頁(yè)。試卷主要包含了常見(jiàn)關(guān)系代詞的基本用法,that與which的辨析等內(nèi)容,歡迎下載使用。
這是一份高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)基礎(chǔ)過(guò)關(guān)練習(xí)專(zhuān)題08非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 (含解析),共24頁(yè)。試卷主要包含了在“It's +形容詞, 其他應(yīng)注意, 考查冠詞, 考查定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系詞, 考查連詞,考查詞類(lèi)轉(zhuǎn)化, 考查形容詞比較級(jí),考查現(xiàn)在分詞等內(nèi)容,歡迎下載使用。
高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)基礎(chǔ)過(guò)關(guān)練習(xí)專(zhuān)題05謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)(一) (含解析)
高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)基礎(chǔ)過(guò)關(guān)練習(xí)專(zhuān)題03形容詞與副詞 (含解析)
高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)基礎(chǔ)過(guò)關(guān)練習(xí)專(zhuān)題01冠詞與名詞 (含解析)
高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)基礎(chǔ)過(guò)關(guān)練習(xí)專(zhuān)題02代詞與介詞 (含解析)
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