目錄
一、動詞時態(tài)語態(tài)用法快問快答 P2
二、動詞時態(tài)語態(tài)用法五年高考真題細目表 P2
考點清單六、一般過去時七種典型用法(表解) P3
考點清單七、過去進行時五種典型用法(表解) P4
考點清單八、過去完成時六種典型用法(表解) P5
考點清單九、過去將來時四種典型用法(表解) P6
分層訓練（一）單句填空(高考真題2021-2024) P8
分層訓練（二）單句填空(經(jīng)典模擬2017-2020) P9
分層訓練（三）動詞時態(tài)語態(tài)助力應用文寫作 P9
分層訓練（四）動詞時態(tài)語態(tài)助力讀后續(xù)寫升格 P9
分層訓練（五）語法填空（外刊原創(chuàng)） P11
野營正成為鄉(xiāng)村旅游新時尚 P12
一、動詞時態(tài)語態(tài)用法快問快答
Q1：判斷動詞時態(tài)語態(tài)有哪些小竅門？
A1：最可靠的做法是掌握每種時態(tài)的使用場合和標志性詞匯、短語，做到有的放矢。
Q2：如何確定動詞的語態(tài)？
A2：一方面，需要注意根據(jù)語境確定是否應用被動語態(tài)，另一方面需要抓住關(guān)鍵性標志，如介詞by引起動作的發(fā)出者。
Q3：如何確定各種從句的時態(tài)？
A3：如果是狀語從句，需要考慮“主將從現(xiàn)”；如果是賓語從句要考慮主從句時態(tài)照應；有時像suggest, recmmend從句還應考慮虛擬語氣用法。
Q4：應用文寫作遇到動詞時態(tài)怎么把握？
A4：書信類應用文要結(jié)合其內(nèi)容來確定具體時態(tài)乃至語態(tài)。如邀請信和通知要使用一般將來時；感謝信和道歉信要使用一般過去時；人物介紹和地點介紹要使用一般現(xiàn)在時。
Q5：如何才能學好動詞時態(tài)語態(tài)？
A5：一是努力掌握基本知識框架，二是加強訓練和背誦，積少成多，學以致用。
二、動詞時態(tài)語態(tài)五年高考真題細目表
考點清單六、一般過去時七種典型用法
【即時訓練】在空白處填入括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
1. The bk has been translated int thirty languages since it _____________ (cme) n the market in 1973.
2. (2013安徽) I’m calling abut the apartment yu _____________ (advertise) the ther day. Culd yu tell me mre abut it?
3. (2013福建) The famus musician, as well as his students, _____________(invite) t perfrm at the pening ceremny f the 2012 Taipei Flwer Exp.
4. (2017·江蘇) The publicatin f Great Expectatins, which _____________ (be) bth widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens’ status as a leading nvelist.
5. (2015湖南) I had a strng desire t reach in and play with the ty, but _____________ (hld) back thankfully by the shp windw.
6. The three f us _____________ (travel) arund Eurpe fr abut a mnth last summer.
7. (2019全國II) Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, prud Irene _____________ (declare) she had n plans t retire frm her 36-year-ld business.
8. Hw I wish every family _____________ (have) a large huse with a beautiful garden!
9. When a pencil is partly in a glass f water, it lk as if it _____________ (break).
10. Jack is a great talker. It’s high time that he _____________(d) smething instead f just talking.
11. Srry, I’m t busy nw. If I _____________ (have) time, I wuld certainly g fr an uting with yu.
12. I wish it _____________ (be) were spring all year rund.
【答案與解析】
1. came。從句有明顯時間狀語in 1973，應用一般過去時。故答案是came。
2. advertised。從句有明顯時間狀語the ther day，應用一般過去時。故答案是advertised。
3. was invited。句子有明顯時間狀語at the pening ceremny f the 2012 Taipei Flwer Exp，應用一般過去時。故答案是was invited。
4. was。結(jié)合語境這里描述過去的行為，應用一般過去時。故答案是was。
5. was held。hld back表示“阻止，隱瞞”，結(jié)合語境應用被動語態(tài)。故答案是was held。
6. travelled。本句是易錯題，句子雖然有時間狀語fr abut a mnth，但結(jié)合語境這里表示過去某段時間一直發(fā)生的事情。故答案是travelled。
7. declared。根據(jù)語境容易判斷空白處應該使用一般過去時。故填declared。
8. had。結(jié)合語境從句與現(xiàn)在事實相反，故應用一般過去時。故答案是had。
9. were brken。it lk as if…表示“看起來好像……”，從句與現(xiàn)在事實相反，應用一般過去時；結(jié)合語境應用被動語態(tài)。故答案是were brken。
10. did/shuld d。It is high/abut time that..后面常用did或shuld d, shuld不能省，意為“早該……”。故答案是did/shuld d。
11. had。語境暗示從句與現(xiàn)在事實相反，應用一般過去時。故答案是had。
12. were。I wish that…從句表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反常用一般過去時；be動詞一律都用were。故答案是were。
考點清單七、過去進行時五種典型用法
【即時訓練】在空白處填入括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
1. Her mther _____________ (ck) in the kitchen at this time yesterday.
2. I’d like t knw what yu ______________(d) at 9:00 last night.
3. We went t the reading-rm t d sme reading, nly t be tld that it _____________ (decrate).
4. (2014四川) She _____________ (phne) smene, s I ndded t her and went away.
5. Jim _____________ (watch) a late night film at hme when, right in the middle f a thrilling scene, the televisin went blank.
6. I _____________(clean) the streets in ur neighbrhd this time yesterday when yu called me.
7. During the perid f recent terrrist activities, peple _____________(always warn) nt t tuch any unattended bag.
8. (2015湖南) He must have sensed that I _____________ (lk) at him. He suddenly glanced at me and said quietly, "Why are yu staring at me like that?"
9. (2016北京) Jack _____________ (wrk) in the lab when the pwer cut ccurred.
10. He _____________(help) his father n the farm the whle afternn last Saturday.
【答案與解析】
1. was cking。時間狀語at this time yesterday表明過去某時正在發(fā)生的動作，應用過去進行時。故答案是was cking。
2. were ding。時間狀語at 9:00 last night表明過去某時正在發(fā)生的動作，應用過去進行時。故答案是were ding。
3. was being decrated。結(jié)合語境表示該段時間內(nèi)一直進行的動作---裝修圖書館。故答案是was being decrated。
4. was phning。結(jié)合語境“她正在給別人打電話，我對她點頭走開了?！惫蚀鸢甘莣as phning。
5. was watching。結(jié)合語境這是was ding…when…句式。故答案是was watching。
6. was cleaning。結(jié)合語境這是was ding…when…句式。故答案是was cleaning。
7. were always being warned。always與過去進行時連用，表示過去某段時間內(nèi)一直進行的動作（被頻繁提醒）；又是被動含義。故答案是were always being warned。
8. was lking。結(jié)合語境判斷這里表示當時在進行的動作，故用過去進行時。故答案是was lking。
9. was wrking。這是was ding…when…句式。是故答案是was wrking。
10. was helping。the whle afternn last Saturday暗示過去某段時間一直進行的動作。故答案是was helping。
考點清單八、過去完成時六種典型用法
【即時訓練】在空白處填入括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
1. (2014山東) Writing ut all the invitatins by hand was mre time-cnsuming than we ____________ (expect).
2. (2015安徽)Just as I gt t the schl gate, I realized I _____________ (leave) my bank in the cafe.
3. (2016浙江) Silk___________(becme) ne f the primary gds traded alng the Silk Rad by abut 100 BC.
4. (2017北京) In the 1950s in the USA, mst families had just ne phne at hme, and wireless phnes __________ (nt invent) yet.
5. I _____________(plan) t help yu but culdn’t get here in time.
6.(2019天津) I ________(hpe) t send Peter a gift t cngratulate him n his marriage，but I culdn't manage it.
7. I ___________(intend) t call n yu, but was prevented frm ding s.
8. There was a knck n the dr. It was the secnd time smene _____________(interrupt) me that evening.
9. That was the first time she _____________ (leave) alne at hme during the weekends, bred t death.
10. It was the furth time she _____________ (shp) nline fr hurs.
11. She ________ n sner _________(get) t the ffice than she gt dwn t writing the reprt.
12. Hardly had I arrived hme when the telephne _____________ (ring).
13. (2018天津) If we _____________ (catch) the flight yesterday, we wuld be enjying ur hliday n the beach.
14. Hw I wish I _____________(buy) that skirt when it was available! Ugh! I regret it every time.
15. (2015北京)—Did yu have difficulty finding Ann' huse?
—Nt really. She _____________ (give) us clear directins and we were able t find it easily.
【答案與解析】
1. had expected。結(jié)合語境應用過去完成時表示“過去的過去”。故答案是had expected。
2. had left。結(jié)合語境應用過去完成時表示“過去的過去”。故答案是had left。
3. had becme。by abut 100 BC是解答本題關(guān)鍵，應用過去完成時。故答案是had becme。
4. hadn’t been invented。結(jié)合語境應用過去完成時表示“過去的過去”；又是被動含義。故答案是hadn’t been invented。
5. had planned。intend, mean, hpe, want, plan, suppse, expect, think等動詞的過去完成時可以用來表示一個本來打算做而未做的事。故答案是had planned。
6. had hped。intend, mean, hpe, want, plan, suppse, expect, think等動詞的過去完成時可以用來表示一個本來打算做而未做的事。故答案是had hped。
7. had intended。intend, mean, hpe, want, plan, suppse, expect, think等動詞的過去完成時可以用來表示一個本來打算做而未做的事。故答案是had intended。
8. had interrupted。在 It was the first/secnd/third…time that…句型中，that引導的定語從句要用過去完成時。故答案是had interrupted。
9. had left。在 It/That was the first/secnd/third…time that…句型中，that引導的定語從句要用過去完成時。故答案是had left。
10. had shpped。在 It/That was the first/secnd/third…time that…句型中，that引導的定語從句要用過去完成時。故答案是had shpped。
11. had; gt。在hardly/scarcely … when…和n sner… than…句型中，主句常用過去完成時。故答案是had; gt。
12. rang。在hardly/scarcely … when…和n sner… than…句型中，主句常用過去完成時，從句仍用一般過去時。故答案是rang。
13. had caught。這時if虛擬條件句，從句與過去事實相反應用過去完成時。故答案是had caught。
14. had bught。I wish that….從句與過去事實相反應用過去完成時。故答案是had bught。
15. had given。結(jié)合語境“給我們清楚指導”發(fā)生在前，應用過去完成時。故答案是had given。
考點清單九、過去將來時四種典型用法
【即時訓練】在空白處填入括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
1. Did yu predict that many students _____________ (sign) up fr the dance cmpetitin?
2. He was abut t g t bed ________ there was a knck n the dr.
3. When he _____________ (pen) the dr, he fund his keys were nwhere.
4. (2015陜西)At cllege, Barack Obama didn’t knw that he _____________ (becme) the first black president f the United States f America.
5. I wish he __________(g) with me t the cinema tnight.
6. If I had a chance t study abrad, I __________(study) at Cambridge University.
7. If he had spent mre time practising speaking English befre, he ________(be) able t speak it much better nw.
8. If the captain had been mre careful, his ship _____________ (sink).
9. (2019江蘇) What a pity! Yu missed the sightseeing, r we _____________ (have) a gd time tgether.
10. I wasn't sure whether he ___________ (lend) me his bk the next mrning.
【答案與解析】
1. wuld sign。Did yu predict是解答本題的關(guān)鍵，暗示應用過去將來時。故答案是wuld sign。
2. when。這是was/were abut t d sth. when...句型。故答案是when。
3. was t pen。結(jié)合語境這里應用過去將來時表示從當時看將要發(fā)生的動作“將要開門”。故答案是was t pen。
4. was t becme。結(jié)合語境這里應用過去將來時表示從當時看將要發(fā)生的動作“將要成為美國第一位黑人總統(tǒng)”。故答案是was t becme。
5. wuld g。I wish that …從句表示與將來事實相反用culd/wuld d。故答案是wuld g。
6. wuld study。If虛擬條件句與現(xiàn)在事實相反，主句用culd/wuld d。故答案是wuld study。
7. wuld be。本句是虛擬語氣含蓄條件句，nw說明主句與現(xiàn)在事實相反，應用wuld d。故答案是wuld be。
8. wuldn’t have sunk。結(jié)合語境主從句與過去事實相反，主句應用wuld have dne，且是否定形式。故答案是wuldn’t have sunk。
9. wuld have had。r引導含蓄條件句，句意為：真可惜！你錯過了游覽觀光，否則的話我們會有一段美好時光的。表示與過去事實相反，應用wuld have dne。故答案是wuld have had。
10. wuld lend。主句是一般過去時；同時從句時間狀語the next mrning暗示應用過去將來時。故答案是wuld lend。
分層訓練（一）高考真題
【即時訓練】在空白處填入括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
1. (2024新課標II卷) Sme f the things that Tang was writing abut __________ (be) als Shakespeare’s cncerns.
2. (2024新課標II卷) Tw years later, a six-meter-tall pavilin, inspired by The Peny Pavilin, __________ (build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk frm Shakespeare’s birthplace.
3. (2024全國甲卷) They__________ (be) part f a 15-member explring party that had spent almst five awesme weeks in witness f the natural beauties there.
4.（2023新高考II卷）As a little girl, I (wish) t be a zkeeper when I grew up.
5.（2023全國乙卷）Having visited several times ver the last 10 years, I (amaze) by the c-existence f ld and new, and hw a city was able t keep such a rich heritage (遺產(chǎn)) while cnstantly grwing.
6. (2022全國乙)The chairman f the China Culture Prmtin Sciety__________ (address) the pening ceremny. “As a main prmter f the Internatinal Tea Day, ..” he said.
7. (2022新高考I) The plan will extend prtectin t a significant number f areas that __________ (be)previusly unprtected, bringing many f the existing prtected areas fr giant pandas under ne authrity t increase effectiveness and reduce incnsistencies in management.
8. (2022新高考II) Henry __________ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He lked up and saw Eric hanging frm the balcny.
9. (2021·全國甲)The Xi'an City Wall is the mst cmplete city wall that has survived China's lng histry. It __________ (build) riginally t prtect the city in the Tang dynasty and has nw been cmpletely restred.
10. (2021全國甲) We __________ (hire) ur bikes frm the rental place at the Suth Gate. My bike was ld and shaky but did the jb.
【答案】
1. were 2. was built 3. were 4. wished 5. was amazed 6. addressed 7. were 8. was fixing 9. was built 10. hired
分層訓練（二）高考真題
【即時訓練】在空白處填入括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
1. (2021新高考I) What cmes next is the endless series f steps. Yu can’t help wndering hw hard it __________ (be) fr the peple then t put all thse rcks int place.
2. (2020全國I) The unmanned Chang’e-4 prbe (探測器)—the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese mn gddess __________ (tuch) dwn last week in the Suth Ple-Aitken basin.
3. (2020全國III) The artist was sure he wuld __________ (chse), but when he presented his masterpiece t the emperr’s chief minister, the ld man laughed.
4. (2020新高考) The 80,000 bjects cllected by Sir Hans Slane, fr example, ________(frm) the cre cllectin f the British Museum which pened in 1759.
5. (2020浙江卷) By abut 6000 BC, peple _________ (discver)the best crps t grw and animals t raise.
6. (2019江蘇) A few mnths after he had arrived in China, Mr. Smith ___________(fall) in lve with the peple and culture there.
7. (2018北京) They might have fund a better htel if they ___________(drive) a few mre kilmeters.
8.(2018江蘇) I was sent t the village last mnth t see hw the develpment plan __________ (carry) ut in the past tw years.
9. (2018北京) Susan had quit her well-paid jb and _________(wrk) as a vlunteer in the neighbrhd when I visited her last year.
10. (2017北京) If the new safety system ______________(put) t use, the accident wuld never have happened.
11. (2018北京) A rescue wrker risked his life saving tw turists wh _________(trap) in the muntains fr tw days.
12. (2017天津) I ________(drive) dwn t Lndn when I suddenly fund that I was n the wrng rad.
13. (2017江蘇) He hurried hme, never nce lking back t see if he ___________(fllw).
【答案】
1. was 2. tuched 3. be chsen 4. frmed 5. had discvered 6. fell 7. had driven 8. had been carried 9. was wrking 10. had been put 11. had been trapped 11. was driving 13. was being fllwed
分層訓練（三）動詞時態(tài)語態(tài)助力應用文寫作
書面表達句式升級：請運用準確動詞時態(tài)語（過去時）態(tài)翻譯下列各句。
1. (2024課標I卷) 我們的任務是畫一些給我們印象最深的東西。
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2. (2024課標I卷) 總之，這不僅僅是一堂藝術(shù)課；這是我真正珍惜的與大自然相連的時刻。
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3. (2023全國甲卷) 孔子游歷全國，把自己的智慧傳授給無數(shù)弟子，給中國社會留下了深刻的影響。
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4. (2023全國乙卷) 當我上小學的時候，我有機會參加學校舉辦的音樂比賽。
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5. (2023全國乙卷) 那是我第一次觀看現(xiàn)場音樂表演。
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6. (2023全國乙卷) 去年暑假我學會了傳統(tǒng)中國油畫技巧，這證明是一個充實的過程。
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7. (2022全國乙卷) 聯(lián)合國2009年正式確定6月8日為國際海洋日。
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8. (2022全國乙卷) 總之，我們早該采取措施來保護海洋。
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9. (2022新高考I卷) Talk and Talk欄目成立十年了。
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10. (2021全國I卷) 上個月我考試不及格情緒低落，她輕拍我的肩膀給我巨大鼓勵。
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11. (2021全國II卷) 上周末學生會組織一群志愿者去希望農(nóng)場幫助農(nóng)民采摘桃子。
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12. (2021全國II卷) 我們先摘取顏色鮮艷的桃子，然后是那些成熟變軟的桃子。
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13. (2021全國II卷) 多虧了這次采摘活動，我感謝這次接近大自然的機會。
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14. (2021新高考I卷) 上周日見證一次了不起的越野活動，這吸引了每個師生的注意。
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15. (2021新高考I卷) 這個活動受到高度評價，因為他給我們提供鍛煉機會，還能讓我們更合作。
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【答案】
1. We were tasked t draw r paint smething that impressed us mst.
2. In a wrd, It was nt just an art class; it was a mment f cnnectin with nature that I truly cherished.
3. Cnfucius traveled thrughut the cuntry, imparting his wisdm t cuntless disciples and leaving a prfund impact n Chinese sciety.
4. When I was in my primary schl, I had an pprtunity t attend a musical cntest held in my schl.
5. That was the first time I had watched a live musical perfrmance.
6. Last Sunday witnessed an extrardinary crss-cuntry running race, which nearly drew the attentin f every student and teacher f ur schl.
7. June 8th was fficially named by the UN in 2009 as Wrld Oceans Day.
8. All in all, it is high time that we tk measures t prtect the ceans.
9. It is ten years since Talk and Talk was established.
10. When I failed the exam last mnth and was in lw spirits, she patted me gently n the shulder and gave me great encuragement.
11. Organized by the Student Unin, a grup f vlunteers went t Hpe Farm t help the farmers pick peaches last weekend.
12 We first picked the nes that were mst beautiful in clr, then thse that were ripe and sft.
13. Thanks t the picking activity, I was grateful fr this pprtunity t get clse t nature.
14. Last summer, I learned the new skill f traditinal Chinese painting, which turned ut t be a fulfilling jurney.
15. The activity was highly spken f, because nt nly did it prvide a chance fr us t exercise, but als made us mre cperative.
分層訓練（四）動詞時態(tài)語態(tài)助力讀后續(xù)寫升格
1. (2024課標I卷) 我又向他露出抱歉的微笑，懇求他延期付款。
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2. (2024課標I卷) 我堅定地和他握手，然后跳下車，瘋狂地向公共汽車跑去，在公共汽車出發(fā)前跳上了公共汽車。
_________________________________________________________________________________
3. (2024課標I卷) 我告訴他，多虧了他的慷慨和及時的幫助，一切都很順利。
_________________________________________________________________________________
4. (2024課標I卷) 我還送給他一件我在布拉格買的很有吸引力的紀念品，他欣然接受了。
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5. (2024浙江1月卷) 老師注意到了她的努力，稱贊了她的創(chuàng)新思維。
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6. (2024浙江1月卷) 她每走一步，都給那些追隨她的人留下了靈感的遺產(chǎn)。
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7. (2023課標I卷) 我被告知我在寫作比賽中獲得了一等獎，兩天后將有頒獎典禮。
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8. (2023課標I卷) 當我被邀請上臺領(lǐng)獎時，我對我的老師表示感謝。
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9. (2023課標I卷) 頒獎典禮結(jié)束后，我去了老師的辦公室。我的老師在等我。
_________________________________________________________________________________
10. (2023浙江1月卷) 當我爬上車開車離開時，我知道我會永遠珍惜我們共同的回憶。
_________________________________________________________________________________
【參考答案】
1. Flashing him anther aplgetic smile, I begged him fr a delayed payment.
2. Giving him a firm handshake, I jumped ut f the car, made a mad run fr the bus, and jumped nt it just befre its departure.
3. I tld him that thanks t his genersity and timely help, everything had gne smthly.
4. I als gave him an attractive suvenir I had bught at Prague, which he accepted with delight.
5. Her effrts were nticed by the teacher, wh praised her innvative thinking.
6. And with each step she tk, she left behind a legacy f inspiratin fr thse wh fllwed in her ftsteps.
7. I was infrmed that I wn the first prize in the writing cntest and that there wuld be an award presentatin in tw days.
8. When I was invited t the stage t receive the award, I expressed my thanks t my teacher.
9. I went t my teacher’s ffice after the award presentatin. My teacher was waiting fr me.
10. I knew that I wuld always cherish the memries we shared as I climbed int my car and drve away.
分層訓練（五）語法填空（外刊原創(chuàng)）
Camping becmes new trend in rural turism
野營正成為鄉(xiāng)村旅游新時尚
With mdern peple's desire t get clse t nature, camping has becme a ppular leisure activity, 1 further fuels rural turism.
Setting up a tent, barbecuing, drinking tea and chatting — peple seem 2 (find) the mst relaxing way t spend their weekends. "During the three-day Dragn Bat Festival hliday, ur campsite received ver 1,400 visitrs, and ur mre than 200 tents were 3 shrt supply", said a manager frm the Majia River Scenic Area in Guanxian cunty, Shandng prvince. During the recent hliday, Guanxian cunty 4 (welcme) 63,000 turists.
In recent years, Guanxian cunty 5 (attract) many turists due t its unique gegraphical advantages and beautiful natural scenery. Hwever, alngside the bm in rural turism, the cunty als faces issues such as severe hmgeneity f turism prducts and a 6 (shrt) f accmmdatins in scenic areas during peak seasns.
"After cnducting market research and cnsidering the actual develpment situatins, we have decided t use the camping ecnmy as the key t 'breaking the mld' in the rural turism industry", said Liu Xiajing, 7 prpaganda minister f the cunty.
By enriching the 'camping+' scenaris and related businesses, the cunty aims 8 (integrate) eclgical sightseeing, family 9 (gather) and leisure sprts int camping ecnmy. This apprach bnds with the travel needs f yung cnsumers 10 helps ease the accmmdatin supply in scenic areas during peak seasns.
【參考答案】
1. which 2. t have fund 3. in 4. welcmed 5. has attracted 6. shrtage 7. the 8. t integrate 9. gatherings 10. and卷別
現(xiàn)在時
過去時
將來時（含被動）
2024新課標II卷
were；was built
2024全國甲卷
were
(shuld) be dne
2023新高考II卷

wished

2023全國甲卷
becme改為becmes
make → made
(can) be emplyed
2023全國乙卷

was amazed

2023全國北京卷
has established
had arrived
wuld thrw
2022新高考I卷
is designed
were

2022新高考II卷

were fixing; threw

2022全國甲卷
has walked
was-were; becme-became

2022全國乙卷
lives-live; 去掉have后的been
addressed

2022北京卷
has; has increased


2021新高考I卷

was

2021新高考II卷

was

2021全國甲卷
are改為is
was built; hired

2021全國乙卷
刪去are


2021北京卷
cnnects


2020全國I卷
means; is cnstructed
tuched

2020全國II卷
carries
start改為started

2020全國III卷
had改成have
pinted
(wuld) be chsen
2020新高考卷
are called; is
frmed

2019全國I卷
has reprted；are


2019全國II卷
have made
declared

2019全國III卷
required改為requires
recmmended；were invited

2019北京卷

viced

用法
標志
示例
1.表示過去已發(fā)生的動作，并有明確的時間狀語。
yesterday, last week, in 2023
My father was very busy last week.我父親上周很忙。
Where were yu yesterday? 你昨天在哪兒？
2. 表示過去的習慣性或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作，常與ften等頻度副詞連用。
ften，usually，seldm， used t
The man used t smke a lt.那人過去煙癮很重。
Mrs. Peter always carried an umbrella. 彼得太太過去老是帶著一把傘。
3. I wish that…(與現(xiàn)在事實相反)
I wish that…
I wish I was ten years yunger. 我但愿年輕10歲。
I wish I culd speak yur language. 但愿我能講你們國家的話。
4. It is (high) time that…
It is (high) time that…
It's high/abut time yu bught a new car.你該買輛新車了。
5. I wuld rather that…(與現(xiàn)在、將來事實相反)
I wuld rather that…
I'd rather yu went tmrrw.我寧愿你明天去。
I wuld rather yu didn’t mentin the price nw.我寧愿你現(xiàn)在別提價錢。
6. If nly…(與現(xiàn)在事實相反)
If nly…
If nly l knew the answer t yur questin.我但愿知道你的問題的答案。
7. If….從句 (與現(xiàn)在事實相反)
If…., I wuld…
If I were Tm, I wuld refuse.如果我是湯姆，我會拒絕。
用法
標志
示例
1.表示過去某一時刻正在進行的動作，有時間狀語暗示。
at 7:00 last night
We were watching TV frm seven t nine last night. 昨天晚上七點到九點的時候我們在看電視。
2.表示過去一段時間內(nèi)頻繁發(fā)生或一直進行的動作。
this mrning, yesterday
The man used t smke a lt.那人過去煙癮很重。
Mrs. Peter always carried an umbrella. 彼得太太過去老是帶著一把傘。
3. cme ,leave等瞬間動詞過去進行時表示將要發(fā)生動作。
g, cme, leave
I wish I was ten years yunger. 我但愿年輕10歲。
I wish I culd speak Russian.但愿我能講俄語。
4.與as, when, while等狀語從句呼應，表示另一動作發(fā)生的背景
as, when, while
It was raining hard when I left schl.當我離開學校時，天在下大雨。
I was reading the newspaper while I was waiting fr the bus. 我一邊看報紙，一邊等公交車。
5. always, cnstantly等頻度副詞與過去進行時連用表示贊揚，抱怨等感情色彩
always, cnstantly，cntinually
She was always changing her mind. 她總是改變主意。
In the past he was cnstantly asking me fr mney. 過去他總是不停要錢。
用法
標志
示例
1. 表示某一動作或狀態(tài)在過去某一時間之前或過去某一動作之前已經(jīng)完成。
by, by the end f, by the time…
By 5:00 yesterday mrning we had dne that wrk. 到昨天早上5點，我們已經(jīng)完成了那項工作。
2. 表示某一動作或狀態(tài)在過去某一時間之前或過去某一動作之前已經(jīng)完成。
befre, until, when, than
I had learnt 5000 wrds befre I entered the university. 在我進入大學之前，我已經(jīng)學會了5000個單詞。
3. intend等動詞過去完成時可以用來表示一個本來打算做而未做的事。
mean, hpe, want, plan, expect, think
I had intended t call n yu, but was prevented frm ding s. 我本來打算去拜訪你，但被阻止了。
4. It was the first time that…句型that從句用過去完成時。
first/secnd…
It was the furth time she had shpped nline fr hurs. 這是她連續(xù)幾個小時第四次在網(wǎng)上購物。
5. hardly … when…和n sner… than…句型
hardly+when;
sner+than
She hardly had gne t bed when the bell rang. 她剛一上床鈴聲就響了。
N sner had they left the building than a bmb explded. 他們剛離開大樓，一枚炸彈就爆炸了。
6.If虛擬條件句，I wish…, If nly…, I’d rather that…表示與過去事實相反
I wish…,
If nly…,
I’d rather that…
If I had left sner，I wuld have been n time. 要是我早點動身，我就準時到了。
If nly I had listened t my parents! 我要是當時聽了父母的話就好了。
項目
用法
示例
1.shuld/wuld + 動詞原形
從過去的某一時間來看將來要發(fā)生的動作，多用于主從復合句中。
He said they wuld arrange a party.他說他們要安排聚會。
He asked me yesterday when I shuld leave fr Paris.昨天他問我何時動身去巴黎。
2. was/were abut t d…when…
表示“正要……這時發(fā)生另一件事”。
I was abut t start when it suddenly began t rain.我正要開始這時天下雨了。
3.was/were cming…
g, cme leave等動詞過去進行時博士將要發(fā)生的動作。
I didn’t knw he was cming until this mrning. 直到今天上午我才知道他要來。
4.was/were t d
強調(diào)計劃性，“將要做某事”。
Tm wasn't wrried abut his head injury, but it was t be trublesme fr him later.湯姆不擔心他頭部的傷，但是以后這損傷必將給他帶來麻煩。

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