?專題11并列連詞和狀語從句(學(xué)與練)
學(xué)并列連詞與并列句
一、并列連詞
1.表示并列關(guān)系的連詞:
and: 可用來連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的單詞/短語或句子,表示一種順接的關(guān)系。
We are singing and they are dancing.
or:用于否定句中連接并列成分,表示"和,與";
用于"祈使句+or+陳述句"中,意為"否則,要不然"。
The baby is too young. He can’t speak or walk.
both…and:"兩個(gè)都……",連接兩個(gè)并列主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
Both Li Ping and Mary are going to the Great Wall tomorrow.
either…or…:"要么……要么",連接的并列成分可在句中作主語、表語、賓語等。連接并列成分作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞通常與or后的部分保持一致。
Either she or I am right.
neither…nor: "既不……也不……",連接的并列成分可在句中作主語、表語、賓語等。連接并列成分作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞通常與nor后的部分保持一致。
Neither he nor I am right.
not only…but also: "不僅……而且……",強(qiáng)調(diào)后者;引導(dǎo)并列主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞與后面的主語保持一致。
Not only the students but also the teacher gives the money to our school.
2. 表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的并列連詞
but
"但是",所連接的成分意思相反或相對(duì)。
Our school is small but beautiful.
while
"然而,可是",表對(duì)比。
He went out for a walk, while I stayed at home.
yet
"但是,然而",用于轉(zhuǎn)折。
I have failed, yet I shall try again. 我失敗了,但我還要嘗試。
3. 表示因果關(guān)系的并列連詞
"由于,因?yàn)椋ⅲ硎驹?,不能放在句首,也不能單?dú)使用;for引導(dǎo)的從句不能位于not,but或任何連詞之后。
The days were short, for it was now December.

for:

"因此,所以",表示結(jié)果,so不能和because連用。
There were no buses, so I came by bicycle.


so:

4. 其他常用并列連詞
when:"就在那時(shí)",常用句型:
be about to do…when…
be going to do…when…
be doing…when…
?I was about to leave when the telephone rang.
二、并列句
并列句由兩個(gè)或者兩個(gè)以上獨(dú)立分句并列在一起構(gòu)成, 起基本結(jié)構(gòu)是 分句加并列連詞加分句。
在并列句中, 除了使用并列連詞以外還可以使用并列連詞詞組, 或者連接副詞來連接分句,有時(shí)甚至不用并列連詞, 只用逗號(hào). 分號(hào). 冒號(hào)等把分句隔開。
常用的并列連詞有:and , but , or, for, so , neither, nor …
并列連詞詞組有:either…or, neither…nor, both…and, as well as, not only…but also…
連接副詞有:besides, furthermore, moreover …
1. 表示聯(lián)合關(guān)系
常用and , neither…nor, not only…but also 等連詞
There was a big storm after midnight and the rain poured down.
I can neither write songs nor play the guitar.
2. 表示選擇關(guān)系
常用or, either …or 等連詞
We cook a dinner together, or we go for a long walk.
…either one of his daughters replaces him as a prisoner in the castle, or he will die. …
3. 表示轉(zhuǎn)折和對(duì)比關(guān)系
常用yet, but, however, while 等
but表示完全轉(zhuǎn)折, 語氣較強(qiáng)。 while主要表示對(duì)比。 however在使用時(shí)必須用逗號(hào)把它和句子其他成分隔開。 yet既可以用作并列連詞也可以用作連接副詞。
Some sports are done indoors, while others are done outdoors.
They wanted to charge ﹩5,000 for the car, but we managed to bring the price down.
In some places women are expected to earn money while men work at home and raise their children.
One can not see wind, however, it does exist.
I’d like to go with you ; however , my hands are full.
The essay is good; it could be improved ,however.
He worked hard, yet he failed .(并列連詞)
It is strange, and yet it is true. (連接副詞)
4. 表示因果關(guān)系
常用so, for,therefore等連接詞
I didn’t get enough sleep so I didn’t feel very well this morning.
It was raining, therefore we had to stay at home.
He found it increasingly difficult to read , for his eyesight was brginning to fail.
5. 表示條件或者結(jié)果
常用and或者or等連詞
Simply raise your hand , and a taxi appears in no time.
Don’t drive too fast or you will have an accident .
Stand over there and you will see the oil painting better.
You have to move out of the way or the truck can’t get past.
6. 表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系
常用besides, furthermore,moreover等連接副詞。
Television is entertaining; besides/furthermore/moreover, it is instructive.
并列句固定句型
注意:
1.包含并列連詞的特殊句式。
(1)祈使句,and/or+主謂結(jié)構(gòu)。
(2)名詞短語,and+主謂結(jié)構(gòu)。
(3).be about to...when...正要……這時(shí)突然……
Climb to the top of the mountain,and you'll get a good view of the city.
Hurry up,or you'll be late.
Another five minutes,and I'll finish the composition.
A few minutes and they went away.
He was about to go out when it began to rain heavily.
2.however,but,while的用法比較。
however另起新句,有逗號(hào)與句子隔開。but不需另起新句。while既表示對(duì)比,又表轉(zhuǎn)折。
He was ill,but he still kept on working.
What she said sounded reasonable,Mr. Green,however,didn't believe her. 她說得有道理,然而,格林先生就是不信她。
There is plenty of rain in the south while there is little rain in the north. 南方多雨而北方少雨。
3.(1) so不能與because連用。
(2)but,while不與although連用,但yet,still可與although連用

學(xué)狀語從句
作狀語的句子為狀語從句,修飾主句中的動(dòng)詞、形容詞或副詞等。狀語從句放在主句之前時(shí),常用逗號(hào)隔開;放在主句之后時(shí),一般不用逗號(hào)。狀語從句按其意義和作用可分為時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、方式、比較、讓步等。引導(dǎo)狀語從句的連詞歸納如下:
從句
連詞
時(shí)間狀語從句

when, while, as, whenever, till, until,before, after, by the time, the first time ,as soon as, the moment, each time, since,no sooner ...than... immediately等
地點(diǎn)狀語從句
where,wherever, everywhere 等
條件狀語從句
if, unless, providing, as long as, on condition that, in case, if only等
讓步狀語從句
though, although, even if/even though,as, while, whatever, however, no matter +疑問詞等
原因狀語從句
because, since, as, now that, seeing that,considering that, in that, given that 等
目的狀語從句
that, so that(為了),lest, in case, for fear that, in order that等
結(jié)果狀語從句
so that(因此),so...that ..such…that..等
比較狀語從句
方式狀語從句
as...as.... ,than等
as if/as though, (just)as 等
考點(diǎn)一、 時(shí)間狀語從句
一、when/while/as引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句
1. when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句
1. when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句,其動(dòng)詞既可以是延續(xù)性動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞,也可以是瞬間性動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞,而且可以表示主句的動(dòng)作和從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生,或者從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句的動(dòng)作之前。
When you apply for a job, you must present your credentials. 當(dāng)你申請(qǐng)工作時(shí),你必須遞交你的有關(guān)證件。(同時(shí))
When the students heard the teacher’s footsteps, they all atopped talking. 當(dāng)學(xué)生們聽到老師的腳步聲時(shí),他們都停止了講話。(從句動(dòng)作發(fā)生在前)
2. when還可表示just then(正在那時(shí),突然)的意思,此時(shí)其所引導(dǎo)的從句只放在主句之后。
be about to do ... when ... 正要去做某事,突然……
be doing ... when ... 正在做某事,突然……
be on the point of doing ... when ... 正在做某事,突然……
We were about to start when it began to rain. 我們正要?jiǎng)由?,突然天下起雨來?br /> The game had hardly/scarcely/barely begun when it started raining. 比賽剛剛開始就下起雨來。
2. while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句
while表示"在某一段時(shí)間里"或"在……期間",其所引導(dǎo)的從句的動(dòng)作是延續(xù)性的,并側(cè)重表示和主句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。
When the teacher paraphrased the text in English, the students listened attentively and took notes. 當(dāng)老師用英語解釋課文時(shí),學(xué)生們聚精會(huì)神地聽并做著筆記。
I can learn while I work. 我可以邊工作邊學(xué)習(xí)。
1. as引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句
as引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句其動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作是延續(xù)性的,而且側(cè)重表示主句和從句的動(dòng)作交替或同時(shí)發(fā)生,譯為"一邊……,一邊……"或"隨著……"。
We were having breakfast as she was combing her hair. 她梳頭時(shí)我們在吃早飯。
It will warm up a little bit on Sunday as the cold front passes. 寒流一過,星期日就會(huì)有點(diǎn)暖意了。
二、before引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句
1、before的常見意思
1). before"在……之前"。
I have finished my dissertation before my supervisor went abroad. 在我的導(dǎo)師出國之前,我已完成了我的學(xué)位論文。
I’ll be back before you have left. 你離開之前我就會(huì)回來。
2). before"……之后才"。
It may be many years before we meet again. 可能要過許多年我們才能再見了。
It was three days before he came back. 他三天后才回來。
3). before?"尚未來得及?"
Before?she?could?move,?she?heard?a?loud?noise,?which?grew?to?a?terrible?roar.?她還沒有來得及動(dòng)彈,就聽見有很響的聲音,接著就成了可怕的隆隆轟鳴聲。?
Before?they?reached?the?house,?a?new?great?wave?came,?sweeping?down?trees,?and?sweeping?them?down?too.?他們還沒到屋子,又一個(gè)巨浪打來,沖倒了樹,也沖倒了他們。?
4). before?"要……先……"
You?should?be?a?pupil?before?you?become?a?teacher.?要當(dāng)老師,先作學(xué)生。?
5).?before"趁……"
You?should?do?it?before?it?is?too?late.?趁現(xiàn)在還不算太晚,你應(yīng)該趕快做它。
2. 掌握熱點(diǎn)句型用法
1). it was(not)/had done+一段時(shí)間+before(vt-ed)…"還要過多久才……(不多久就……了)"
It?was?not?long?before?he?returned?to?Beijing.?不久他就回到北京。?
It?was?long?before?he?married?Wei?Fang.?過了很久他才娶魏芳。?
2).it will(not)be+一段時(shí)間+before(一般式)… "還要過多久才……(不多久就……了)"
It?will?be?long?before?he?goes?abroad.?要過很久他才出國。?
3.there is +一段時(shí)間+to go(=left)+before(一般式)... "在……之前"
4.long before "不久前", 用于一般過去時(shí)和完成時(shí)中;before long = soon/not long after "不久后",用于一般將來時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)中。
三、as soon as/once/directly/the instant等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句
as soon as 是最常見的表示"一……就……"的從屬連詞,其他連詞還有once(一旦),directly(老式英國英語),immediately(主要用于英國英語),instantly,the instant (that),the minute(that) ,the moment(that)等,它們通常都可與as soon as換用。
As soon as we got home, the telephone rang. 我們一到家,電話就響了。
I recognized her immediately I saw her. 我一看見她就認(rèn)出她來了。
Directly the teacher came in everyone was quiet. 老師一進(jìn)來,大家就靜了下來。
四、 hardly...when/no sooner...than引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句
hardly/barely/scarcely...when和no sooner...than的意思是"剛……就",它們所引導(dǎo)的從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞通常為過去完成時(shí)。
He had no sooner (no sooner had he) arrived home than he was asked to start on another journey. 他剛一到家,就又要他出另一次差。
★ hardly/barely/scarcely和no sooner置于句首時(shí),從句要倒裝。
No sooner had the words been spoken than he realized that he should have remained silent. 這些話剛一出口,他就意識(shí)到自己應(yīng)該保持沉默。
五、since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句
在含有since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句的復(fù)合句中,從句的謂語動(dòng)詞通常為一般過去時(shí),主句的謂語動(dòng)詞通常為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。
We’ve never met since we graduated from the college. 大學(xué)畢業(yè)后我們就再?zèng)]見過面。
Great changes have taken place since you left. 你走了以后,這里發(fā)生了巨大的變化。
六、till/until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句
till和until同義,作"直到……時(shí)(為止)"解,till多用于非正式文體,until多用于句首。
Donald will remain in college until (till) he finishes his Ph.D course. 唐納德將留在學(xué)校直到完成他的博士學(xué)位課程。
I won’t go with you until (till) I finished my homework. 等我做完作業(yè)我才和你一起去。
注意:
not until 置于句首,主句要倒裝。
Not until 4:00 in the morning can he fall asleep.
直到凌晨4點(diǎn)他才睡著。(He can’t fall asleep until 4:00 in the morning.)
Not until he returned did we have supper.
直到他回來我們才吃晚飯。 (We didn’t have supper until he returned.)
七、each time/every time等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句
這類連詞主要有every time(每次),each time(每次),(the) next time(下次),any time(隨時(shí)),(the) last time(上次),the first time(第一次), by the time(當(dāng)……的時(shí)候)。如:
You can call me any time you want to. 你隨時(shí)都可以給我打電話。
Each time I went there, I saw him working. 我每次去那兒都看見他在工作。
Every time I see her I'll think of it. 每次我看到她,我就想起這事。
Next time you come in, please close the door. 下次你進(jìn)來,請(qǐng)關(guān)門。
He didn't tell me the last time I saw him. 我上次見到他時(shí)他沒告訴我。
The first time I heard about the firm closing down was when George told me.
我最初聽到公司倒閉的消息是喬治告訴我的。
By the time, he was taken to the hospital he was nearly dead.
他被送到醫(yī)院時(shí)已經(jīng)幾乎不行了。
注意:every time, each time, any time前不用冠詞,(the) next time, (the) last time中的冠詞可以省略,而the first time中的冠詞通常不能省略。
考點(diǎn)二、地點(diǎn)狀語從句
一、where引導(dǎo)的地點(diǎn)狀語從句
1.從屬連詞where表示"在(或到)……的地方"。
Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者事竟成。
Put it where you found it. 把它放在原來的地方。
2. where 在地點(diǎn)狀語從句中,除指地點(diǎn)外,還可指處境等。
He said he was happy where he was. 他說他對(duì)自己的處境很滿意。
It’s your fault that she is where she is. 她今天落到這個(gè)地步都怪你。
3. 有時(shí)地點(diǎn)狀語從句中的某些詞可以省略。
Fill in the blanks with the given phrases. Change the form where necessary. 用所給的短語填空,必要的地方可以改變其形式。
Avoid structure of this kind where possible. 只要可能,就要避免這種結(jié)構(gòu)。
二、wherever引導(dǎo)的地點(diǎn)狀語從句
從屬連詞wherever意為"在(或到)……的各個(gè)地方"。
You can go wherever(anywhere) you like these days. 這些天你可以去你想去的地方。
Where (Everywhere) they went, the experts were warmly welcomed. 專家們每到一處,都受到熱烈的歡迎。
考點(diǎn)三、條件狀語從句
1. if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句
if可引導(dǎo)非真實(shí)條件狀語從句(見"虛擬語氣")和真實(shí)條件狀語從句。
If he said that, he can’t be telling the truth.
如果他說了那樣的話,他不可能是說實(shí)話。
2. unless引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句
unless引導(dǎo)的是否定條件狀語從句,在意義上相當(dāng)于if...not,而且語氣較強(qiáng),一般不用于虛擬語氣。
You’ll be late unless you hurry.
你會(huì)遲到的,如果不趕快的話。
3. only if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句
only if在引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句時(shí)意為"只有……(才);只有在……的時(shí)候,唯一的條件是……"。
I’ll let you use the car only if you keep it in good condition.
只要你把車保養(yǎng)好,我就讓你用。
4. as/so long as引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句
as/so long as意為"只要;如果"。
As long as it doesn’t rain, we can play.
只要不下雨我們就能玩。
5. provided (that)/providing (that)引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句
provided (that)/providing (that)意為"假如;如果"。
I will agree to go provided / providing (that) my expense is paid.
假如為我負(fù)擔(dān)費(fèi)用,我就同意去。
Providing you promise not to tell anyone else I’ll explain the secret.
假如你承諾不告訴別人,我就告訴你這個(gè)秘密。
6. on condition that(條件是)和suppose / supposing (that)(假設(shè);如果)也可引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句
I can tell you the truth on condition that you promise to keep it a secret.
我可以告訴你真相,條件是你答應(yīng)保守秘密。
Suppose/ Supposing (that) they refuse us, who else can we turn to for help?
考點(diǎn)四、 讓步狀語從句
讓步狀語從句是狀語從句中的一種。
一般翻譯為"盡管……即使……"就是我們?nèi)粘I钪杏玫模⑼艘徊秸f……"的感覺。
引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的連詞主要有以下這些:though, although, as; even if, even though; whether...or...; no matter+疑問詞,疑問詞-ever。下面對(duì)這些連詞引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句作一說明。
1. although/though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句
although和though,都作"雖然;盡管"解,通??梢該Q用,although的語氣較重。如果要強(qiáng)調(diào)"但是"語氣,可使用yet,still或nevertheless來表示"但是"、"依然"或"然而"之意。
Although they have been talking for a long time, he cannot make her believe him.
雖然和她談了半天,他還是不能讓她信任自己。
2. even if/even though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句
(1)even if引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句
even if "即使,縱然",從句表示的是尚未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的情況。
Even if it rains tomorrow, we won’t change our plan. 即使明天下雨,我們也決不改變計(jì)劃。
Even if I failed again, I will not give up the experiment. 即使我再次失敗,我也決不會(huì)放棄實(shí)驗(yàn)。
(2) even though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句
even though"雖然,盡管",從句所表示的是已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的情況,通??梢院蚢lthough/though換用。
Even though I didn’t understand a word, I kept smiling. 即使我一個(gè)字也不懂,我還是保持微笑。
Even though you say so, I do not believe it. 即使你這樣說,我也不信。
3. as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句
as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí),意為"盡管,雖然",從句多位于主句之前,而且必須使用倒裝語序。通常如果從句中有形容詞或名詞作表語,則把表語置于句首,而且名詞前要省略冠詞;如果從句中有修飾動(dòng)詞的副詞,則將該副詞置于句首;如果從句中有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,則將情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后的動(dòng)詞原形置于句首。此用法與though的倒裝完全一致。(although無此用法)
Much as I admire his courage, I don’t think he acted wisely. 我雖然佩服他的勇氣,但我認(rèn)為他這樣做是不聰明的。
Strong as you maybe, you cannot lift it. 雖然你可能很有力氣,你卻無法把它提起來。
Child as he is, he is very brave.盡管他還是個(gè)孩子,但是他很勇敢。
4. while引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句
while"雖然,盡管",多用于正式文體,且多位于句首,相當(dāng)于although。
While I understand your point of view, I do not share it. 我雖了解你的觀點(diǎn),但不敢茍同。
While I sympathize, I really can’t do very much to help. 雖然我很同情,但我確實(shí)幫不了什么忙。
5. 疑問詞-ever與no matter+疑問詞引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句
(1)whatever/no matter what引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句
whatever和no matter what用法相同,都作"無論什么"解,后者多用于非正式文體。
Whatever/No matter what he says, don’t go. 不管他說什么,你都不要走。
We are determined to fulfill the task, whatever/no matter what happens. 不管發(fā)生什么,我們決心完成這項(xiàng)任務(wù)。
(2) whichever/no matter which引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句
whichever和no matter which用法相同,都作"無論哪個(gè)"解,后者多用于非正式文體。
Whichever/No matter which you buy, there is a six-month guarantee. 不論你買哪個(gè),都有六個(gè)月的保修期。
Whichever/No matter which of the two men had stolen her purse, Barbara was determined to find them. 不管是這兩個(gè)人中的誰偷了她的錢包,芭芭拉都決心找到他們。
(3)whoever/no matter who引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句
whoever和no matter who用法相同,都作"無論誰"解,后者多用于非正式文體。
You can’t come in, whoever you are. 不管你是誰,都不能進(jìn)來。
Whoever/No matter who wants to speak to me on the phone, tell him I’m busy. 不管誰要我接電話,就說我現(xiàn)在正忙著呢。
(4) wherever/no matter where引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句
wherever和no matter where用法相同,都作"無論在(或到)哪里"解,后者多用于非正式文體。
Wherever/No matter where you go, I’m right here waiting for you. 無論你到哪里,我都依然在這里等著你。
(5)however/no matter how引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句
however和no matter how用法相同,都作"無論如何……"解,后者多用于非正式文體。
However much you regret doing that, there is nothing you can do about it now. 無論你可能多么懊悔你曾經(jīng)做過的事,現(xiàn)在也無濟(jì)于事了。
However high it may be, it can’t reach the sky. 它不論有多高,也高不到天上去。
(6) whenever/no matter when引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句
whenever和no matter when用法相同,都作"無論何時(shí)"解,后者多用于非正式文體。
Whenever I’m unhappy, he cheers me up. 不管什么時(shí)候我不高興,他都給我鼓勁兒。
6. (no matter) whether...or引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句
由這一個(gè)復(fù)合連詞引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句旨在說明正反兩個(gè)方面的可能性都不會(huì)影響主句的意向或結(jié)果。如:
You'll have to attend the ceremony whether you're free or busy. 不管你忙不忙,都要參加這個(gè)典禮。
Whether you believe it or not, it's true.無論你是否相信,這都是真的。
考點(diǎn)五、原因狀語從句
原因狀語從句是表示原因或理由的,引導(dǎo)這類從句的最常用的連詞是because, since, as , now that(既然)等,for 表示因果關(guān)系時(shí)(它引導(dǎo)的不是從句)為并列連詞,語氣不如because強(qiáng)。
1. because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句
because表示人們不知道的直接的原因或理由,著重點(diǎn)在從句,其所引導(dǎo)的從句,為全句句意的中心所在。通常用于回答why引出的疑問句,語氣最強(qiáng),除特別強(qiáng)調(diào)外,該從句一般位于主句后面。
I didn’t go abroad with her because I couldn’t afford it.
我沒有和她一起出國是因?yàn)橘M(fèi)用太高。
Don’t scamp your work because you are pressed for time.
不要因?yàn)闀r(shí)間倉促而馬馬虎虎。
2. as引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句
as引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句所引出的理由在說話人開來已經(jīng)很明顯,或已為聽話人所熟悉而不需要強(qiáng)調(diào),從句多位于主句之前,通??梢院蛃ince換用,as語氣稍弱。
As I didn’t know the way,I asked a policeman. 我不認(rèn)識(shí)路,因而問警察。
As it is snowing, we shall not climb the mountain. 由于在下雪,我們不去爬山了。
3. since引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句
since表示人們已知的事實(shí),不許強(qiáng)調(diào)的原因,故常譯為“既然……”,通常位于主句前。since從句是次要的,重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)調(diào)主句的內(nèi)容,相當(dāng)于now that。
Since traveling by air is much faster, they decided to take a plane.
既然乘飛機(jī)旅行快得多,他們就決定坐飛機(jī)。
Since you won’t help me,I’ll ask someone else.你既然不幫我,那我就請(qǐng)別人幫忙。
4. now(that)引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句
now(that)“因?yàn)?;既然”,通??梢院蛃ince換用。其中that可省去,用來表示一種新的情況,再加以推論。
Now(that) you’ve passed your test you can drive on your own.你既已考試合格,就可以獨(dú)自開車了。
I do remember,now (that) you mention it. 你這一提,我倒的確想起來了。
考點(diǎn)六、目的狀語從句
1. in order that引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句
in order that"為了;以便"。多用于正式文體,通??梢耘cso that換用?!?br /> They stopped at Hangzhou in order that they could go around West Lake. 他們在杭州停了下來,以便游覽西湖。
The expert spoke slowly in order that everyone should understand. 專家講得很慢,以便人人都能聽得懂。
2. so (that)引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句
so that"為了;以便"。so that通??梢耘cin order that換用,它所引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句總是放在主句之后,在非正式文體中,常省略that。
Speak clearly so that they may understand you. 你要講得清楚,他們才可能聽得懂。
She wanted tea ready at seven so she could be out by eight. 她想讓茶點(diǎn)在七點(diǎn)鐘以前就備好,這樣她八點(diǎn)就可以出門了。
3. in case/for fear (that)/lest等引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句
in case,for fear(that)和lest這三個(gè)從屬連詞都表示否定目的,意思是"以免","以防"。in case多用于英國英語,它所引導(dǎo)的從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞可以是陳述語氣形式,也可以是虛擬語氣形式;for fear(that)引導(dǎo)的從句中的謂語帶有may,might,should等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞;lest用于正式文體,它所引導(dǎo)的從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用虛擬語氣形式。
Take your umbrella with you, lest it should rain.
=Take your umbrella in case it rains.
帶上你的傘,以防下雨。
He took an umbrella with him for fear that it might rain. 他帶了一把傘,以防下雨。
考點(diǎn)七、結(jié)果狀語從句
1. so that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句
(1)so that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句只能位于主句之后,中間可以有逗號(hào)。
Suddenly it began to rain heavily, so that it was almost impossible to carry on driving. 突然下起了大雨,幾乎無法繼續(xù)開車。
Linda phoned me in on arrival so that I know she was safe and sound. 琳達(dá)到達(dá)后給我打了電話,因而我知道她平安無事。
(2)"so that"既可引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句也可引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句。究竟是引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句還是目的狀語從句,除了根據(jù)句意來判斷外,還可根據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)形式來加以判斷。若從句前有逗號(hào),一般為結(jié)果狀語從句,如果從句中有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,通常則為目的狀語從句。
They started out early, so that they didn’t miss the train. 他們早早就出發(fā)了,所以沒誤火車。(結(jié)果狀語從句)
They started out early so that they would not miss the train. 他們早早出發(fā)是為了不誤火車。(目的狀語從句)
2. so...that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句
so...that"如此……以致",that在非正式文體中可以省略,so后面接形容詞或副詞。
She spoke so fast that nobody could catch what she was saying. 她說話如此之快竟沒有人聽出來她在講什么。
There is so little time left that I have to tell you about it later. 現(xiàn)在剩下的時(shí)間不多了,我只好以后再給你講這件事。
3. such...that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句
引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句的such...that的具體內(nèi)容是:such + a/an + 形容詞+名詞+that從句。其中的名詞可以是可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù),也可以是不可數(shù)名詞。such + a/an + 形容詞 + 單數(shù)名詞 + that從句可換成so + 形容詞 + a/an + 單數(shù)名詞 + that從句。
The Japanese student made such rapid progress that he soon began to write articles in Chinese. 那個(gè)日本留學(xué)生進(jìn)步很快,不久就開始用中文寫文章了。
The professor told us such a funny story that all the students laughed.
=The professor told us so funny a story that all the students laughed.
教授講了個(gè)很有趣的故事,(以致于)所有的學(xué)生都笑了起來。
4. such that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句
such that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句多用于正式文體,主句為"主—系—表"句型。
The force of the explosion was such that it blew out all the windows. 爆炸的力量很大,所有的窗戶都被炸掉了。
His anger was such that he lost control of himself. 他氣得不能克制自己的感情。
考點(diǎn)八、比較狀語從句
參見考點(diǎn)05 形容詞和副詞之 考向二 形容詞、副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)
考點(diǎn)九、方式狀語從句
表示行為方式的狀語從句常由as(依照……,像……一樣),as if(正如……,似乎……),as though(似乎……,好像……),(just)as... so...(正如……)引導(dǎo),多置于主句之后。
1.as,(just) as... so...引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句通常位于主句后,但在(just) as...so...結(jié)構(gòu)中位于句首,這時(shí)as從句帶有比喻的含義,意思是"正如……","就像",多用于正式文體。
Always do to the others as you would be done by.
你希望人家怎樣待你,你就要怎樣待別人。
As water is to fish, so air is to man.
我們離不開空氣,猶如魚兒離不開水。
Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds.
正如打掃房屋一樣,我們也要掃除我們頭腦中落后的東西。
2.as if,as though兩者的意義和用法相同,引導(dǎo)的狀語從句謂語多用虛擬語氣,表示與事實(shí)相反,有時(shí)也用陳述語氣,表示所說情況是事實(shí)或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的可能性較大。漢譯常作"仿佛……似的","好像……似的"。
They completely ignore these facts as if (as though) they never existed.
他們完全忽略了這些事實(shí),就仿佛它們不存在似的。(與事實(shí)相反,謂語用虛擬語氣。)
He looks as if (as though) he had been hit by lighting.
他那樣子就像被雷擊了似的。(與事實(shí)相反,謂語用虛擬語氣。)
It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.
看來天氣很快就會(huì)好起來。(實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性較大,謂語用陳述語氣。)
練單句語法填空
一、用適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~填空。
1.Americans use a flashlight,__________ for the British, it's a torch.
2. I used to get high marks in English, ________ now I'm having a lot of trouble with my listening.
3.One might think Fleming discovered penicillin by accident, ________ actually this is far from the truth.
4.When we go shopping online, we normally check several photos_________we decide to buy a product.
5.Follow your teacher's advice,_______you'll fail in the exam.
6.Researchers have found, in their experiment, that a baby's cries can cause unique emotional responses in the brain, making it impossible for us to ignore them ________ we are parents or not.
7.________ there is determination and hope, there is solution to the problems.
8.I was having breakfast with my three children _________ water started filling my home.
9.A new study sheds light on what’s going on inside our brains?______we match our music to our feelings.
10.We must learn by using the language. ______we are satisfied with only a few rules we have memorized, we are not really learning the language.
11.The fear is that ______we don’t start taking this litter out of the sky soon, it will become a significant???threat to active satellites.
12.This could be bad news if you still primarily use cash, ______ that’s how you pay your bills or how you budget. 13.Mum was using Dad’s phone to take photos of the colorful homes along the coast _________ we saw something amazing — a killer whale.
14.________scientists have learned a lot about the universe, there is much we still don't know.
15. ________regular exercise is very important, it's never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime
16.The firefighters were about to give up rescuing _________a weak voice came out of the ruins.
17.You won't get paid for time off __________ you have a doctor's note.
18.We need some more facts and figures ________ we make the final decision.
19.The Chinese have such a close relationship with tea ________ they have developed an entire “Tea Culture”.
20.We were driving in the right lane________all of a sudden, a black car jumped out of a parking space right in front of us.
練短文語法填空
閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
Text 1
Wang Tao, founder and CEO of TAORAY WANG believes that beyond beauty, fashion is about absorbing and using social energy.???As one of ___1___ most accomplished designers in China, she brought this vision into contemporary fashion with her collection, taoray taoray.
The taoray taoray Spring Summer 2020 ___2___ (show) for the first time on the world stage of New York Fashion Week ___3___ tradition met modernity. The ___4___ (inspire)came to fruition when taoray taoray’s design team was introduced to Yi embroidery (刺繡). The Yi ethnic group has thousands of years of history, and its splendid culture is valuable in Chinese society. Embroidery is a(n) ___5___ (remark) part of the culture, which is a symbol and treasure of Yi people's art and culture.
In order to create the collection, Wang and her team went to Chuxiong in Yunnan Province and ___6___ (dig) into the culture and history of Yi’s craftsmanship (技藝) to gain insight into the essence and symbolism of Yi embroidery.___7___(aim) to recall tradition, the design team applied the ___8___ (pattern), colors, and techniques of Yi's culture ___9___ their contemporary fashion design, including T-shirts, jackets, shirts and other essentials.
The taoray taoray collection ____10____(be) a reflection on how the designers are preserving culture to remind people of the beauty of tradition in daily life!
Text 2
閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
Robert Owens felt ___11___ (defeat) and helpless on Sunday as he waited in Louisiana’s capital city for one of the most ___12___ (power) hurricanes ever to strike the US.
The 27-year-old man had spent days ___13___ (anxious) watching long lines of cars leaving for safer locations as Hurricane Ida ___14___ (approach). He had hoped that his wife and two children would be among them. But leaving would have required money for gas and a hotel room—something they didn’t have.
Out of desperation, Owens went to the bank on Saturday and applied ___15___ a payday loan. But he ___16___ (tell) he didn’t have enough credit history.
“Our bank account is empty-we can’t afford ___17___ (leave),” he said. “A lot of us here in my neighborhood have to stay and wait, not knowing how bad it’s going to get,” he said. “It’s ___18___ terrifying feeling to think my family is getting left behind.”
“The fact ___19___ we are not middle class or above just keeps coming back to bite us again and again, in so many different ____20____ (direction)and ways. A simple payday advance is just one of them,” he said. “It’s like we have to pay for being poor, even though we’re trying not to be poor.”
Text 3
閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
World Philosophy Day is every year on the third Thursday of November. The day is ____21____ (celebrate) the importance and role of philosophy in our lives. This year, it fell on Nov 18.
The word “philosophy” comes from Greek, ____22____(mean)“l(fā)ove of wisdom". Through philosophy, we try to find answers to basic questions about the world and ____23____ (we).
It may sound broad and profound, but in fact it arises out of our ____24____ (curious) and is shown ____25____all aspects of our daily lives. Take the turtle in Kung Fu Panda as an example. He once said that: "Yesterday is history, tomorrow is a mystery, but today is a gift. That is ____26____ it's called the present." He provides us with a new perspective of time. Can we say he is not a philosopher?
Philosophy ____27____ (bring) great social development so far. For thousands of years, people were doing what they ____28____ (tell) to. No one questioned if it was right or wrong. ____29____2,500 years ago, Greek philosopher Socrates started to ask “Why?" and “Is this the best way?" _____30_____ (gradual), humans entered a time of active and rational (理性的) thinking.
Text 4
閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics souvenirs have attracted attention from collectors around the world. The mascot pin (徽章) has received notable praise for its design ____31____ reaches a record level.
The style of the countdown (倒計(jì)時(shí)) souvenir pin collection ____32____ (think) to be unique and romantic. As for the 200-day countdown pin, the pattern features sakura (櫻花) on the front and a snowflake (雪花) on the other side, showing how the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics ____33____ (follow) the Tokyo 2020 Summer Olympics. If collectors get all pins in the countdown series, they can piece them together ____34____ a shape of a big “0”, ____35____ (indicate) the countdown is over.
Moreover, the series of ancient myth pins ____36____ (vivid) show some images in Chinese fairy tales, like Nuwa patching the sky and Kuafu chasing the sun. Only 2,022 of each myth were produced.
Other pin ____37____ (pattern) include traditional games, for instance, the ancient Chinese ball game, cuju. Also, ice play, ____38____ old sport in North China, is displayed on a single pin.
As the host of the 2022 Games, Beijing has told ____39____ (it) own stories to the world through these colorful pins _____40_____ (design) to welcome athletes and audiences around the world.
練單句語法填空
一、用適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~填空。
1.【答案】while
【解析】考查并列連詞。句意:對(duì)于美國人,手電筒是flashlight,而對(duì)于英國人,手電筒是torch。空中的詞表示前后為對(duì)比關(guān)系,意為“而,然而”,故填while。
2.【答案】but
【解析】考查連詞。句意:我過去英語常常得高分,但現(xiàn)在我在聽力方面有許多問題。分析可知,空格前說過去,空格后說現(xiàn)在,因此,空格處填連詞,表轉(zhuǎn)折。故填but。
3.【答案】but
【解析】考查并列句。句意:有人可能認(rèn)為弗萊明是偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)青霉素的,但事實(shí)遠(yuǎn)非如此。此處為并列句,語意上前后兩個(gè)句子之間為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,只能用轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but連接。故填but。
4.【答案】before
【解析】考查連詞。句意:當(dāng)我們網(wǎng)上購物時(shí),在決定購買產(chǎn)品之前,我們通常會(huì)查看幾張照片。根據(jù)句意,買東西之前看照片,是時(shí)間上的先后關(guān)系,故用連詞before連接,故填before。
5.【答案】or/otherwise
【解析】考查連詞。句意:聽老師的建議,否則你考試會(huì)不及格的。此句是祈使句+and/or+簡單句結(jié)構(gòu),前后句是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,表示“否則”用or/otherwise,故填or/otherwise。
6.【答案】whether
【解析】考查讓步狀語從句。句意:研究者們在他們的實(shí)驗(yàn)中發(fā)現(xiàn),嬰兒啼哭能夠引起頭腦中獨(dú)特的情感反應(yīng),使得我們不可能忽略他們,無論我們是不是父母。whether...or...可用來引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,意為“無論……還是……”。根據(jù) or not可知空格處填whether。故填whether。
7.【答案】Where
【解析】考查狀語從句。句意:有決心和希望,問題就有解決的辦法。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處考查狀語從句;根據(jù)句意,此處用where來引起地點(diǎn)狀語從句,表示具體性或理念性的意義,表意為“只要在……的地方”。注意,此空位于句子開頭,單詞首字母要大寫。故填Where。
8.【答案】when
【解析】考查時(shí)間狀語從句。句意:我和我的三個(gè)孩子正在吃早餐,這時(shí)水突然開始灌滿我的家。根據(jù)固定句型be doing sth when ...(正在做某事,這時(shí)突然……)可知,空格處填when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。故填when。
9.【答案】when##as
【解析】考查連詞。句意:一項(xiàng)新的研究闡明了當(dāng)我們將所聽的音樂與心中感受配對(duì)的時(shí)候我們大腦里到底發(fā)生了什么。根據(jù)句意,這是一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句。由于空格后句子使用的是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),所以空格處連詞可以填when/as。
10. 【答案】If
【解析】考查條件狀語從句。句意:我們必須通過使用語言來學(xué)習(xí)。如果我們只滿足于記住幾條規(guī)則,那我們就不是真正在學(xué)習(xí)這門語言。根據(jù)句意可知,前后句之間是一種假設(shè)關(guān)系,應(yīng)用連接詞If引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。故填I(lǐng)f。
11.【答案】if
【解析】考查條件狀語從句。句意:如果我們不盡快將這種垃圾帶出天空,它將對(duì)現(xiàn)役衛(wèi)星構(gòu)成重大威脅。整體句子是主系表結(jié)構(gòu),The fear是主語, that引導(dǎo)表語從句,后半句根據(jù)句意,空格處是條件狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞,表示“如果”應(yīng)用if。故填if。
12.【答案】whether
【解析】考查讓步狀語從句。句意:無論你是使用現(xiàn)金付錢還是使用現(xiàn)金做預(yù)算,如果你還使用現(xiàn)金的話這可能是一個(gè)壞消息。這是一個(gè)讓步狀語從句,表達(dá):“無論……還是……”,英語用whether…or。故填whether。
13.【答案】when
【解析】考查時(shí)間狀語從句。句意:媽媽正在用爸爸的手機(jī)拍海邊五彩繽紛的房子,這時(shí)我們看到了令人驚奇的東西——一頭虎鯨。根據(jù)句意可知,此處應(yīng)用連接詞when對(duì)所描述的事件予以引人注目的強(qiáng)調(diào),意為“這時(shí);突然”,此時(shí)主句的時(shí)態(tài)通常是過去完成時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)或含有was/were about to 的一般過去時(shí)。故填when。
14.【答案】Although
【解析】考查讓步狀語從句。句意:盡管科學(xué)家對(duì)宇宙已經(jīng)了解了很多,但是我們還有許多未知的東西。后文“there is much we still don't know”和前文“scientists have learned a lot about the universe”語義轉(zhuǎn)折,空格處可用although“盡管”引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,句首字母大寫。故填A(yù)lthough。
15.【答案】Although/Though/While/Even though
【解析】考查狀語從句從屬連詞。句意:雖然(盡管)有規(guī)律的鍛煉很重要,但是在睡前鍛煉絕對(duì)不是一個(gè)好主意。后文“it's never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime”和前文“regular exercise is very important”語義轉(zhuǎn)折,所以空格處可用although或though或while或even though“雖然;盡管”引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。句首字母大寫,故填A(yù)lthough/Though/While/Even though。
16.【答案】when
【解析】考查固定句型。句意:消防隊(duì)員正準(zhǔn)備放棄營救,這時(shí)從廢墟中傳來一個(gè)微弱的聲音。根據(jù)句型be about to...when,表示正要做某事,突然發(fā)生其他事,此處是when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句,故填when。
17.【答案】unless
【解析】考查條件狀語從句。句意:除非你有醫(yī)生的證明,否則你休假是拿不到工資的。根據(jù)句意可知,后文“you have a doctor's note”是前文“get paid for time off”的條件,因主句You won't get paid for time off為否定句,所以應(yīng)用連接詞unless。故填unless。
18.【答案】before
【解析】考查狀語從句。句意:在我們做出最終的決定之前,我們需要更多的事實(shí)和數(shù)據(jù)。所填詞引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句,意為“在……之前”。故填before。
19.【答案】that
【解析】考查固定結(jié)構(gòu)。句意:中國人和茶有如此親密的關(guān)系以致于他們已經(jīng)形成了一套完全的茶文化。分析該句結(jié)構(gòu)并結(jié)合句意可知,該句使用了“such...that...”結(jié)構(gòu)來引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句。故用that。
20.【答案】when
【解析】考查連詞。句意:我們正在右車道開車,突然,一輛黑色的車從我們前面的停車位里跳出來。此處是“be doing sth when…”結(jié)構(gòu),表示“正在做……這時(shí)……”。故填when。
練短文語法填空
Text 1
【答案】1.the 2.was shown 3.where 4.inspiration 5.remarkable
6.dug 7.a(chǎn)iming 8.patterns 9.to 10.is
【解析】本文是新聞報(bào)道。中國設(shè)計(jì)師王陶和設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)將彝族刺繡融合在服裝設(shè)計(jì)中,讓世界領(lǐng)略了東方文化在時(shí)尚中的全新表達(dá)。
1.考查冠詞。句意:作為中國最有成就的設(shè)計(jì)師之一,她將這一愿景帶入了她的時(shí)裝系列——taoray taoray。根據(jù)設(shè)空處前面的one of以及后面的most accomplished designers可知,此處表示最高級(jí),應(yīng)用定冠詞,故填the。
2.考查動(dòng)詞語態(tài)。句意:taoray taoray 2020春夏季時(shí)裝展首次登上傳統(tǒng)與現(xiàn)代相結(jié)合的紐約時(shí)裝周世界舞臺(tái)。根據(jù)本句中的Spring Summer 2020可知,此處應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí),因?yàn)門he taoray taoray Spring Summer 2020與show之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài),故填was shown。
3.考查定語從句。句意:taoray taoray 2020春夏季時(shí)裝展首次登上傳統(tǒng)與現(xiàn)代相結(jié)合的紐約時(shí)裝周世界舞臺(tái)。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句,修飾先行詞 world stage,并在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語,應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo),故填where。
4.考查名詞。句意:當(dāng)taoray taoray的設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)被介紹彝族刺繡時(shí)產(chǎn)生了這一靈感。根據(jù)設(shè)空處前面的The和后面的 came to fruition可知,設(shè)空處作主語且表示抽象意義,應(yīng)用名詞,故填inspiration。
5.考查形容詞。句意:刺繡是彝族文化的重要組成部分,是彝族藝術(shù)文化的象征和瑰寶。設(shè)空處在句中作定語,應(yīng)用形容詞remarkable,修飾part,意為“不尋常的”,故填remarkable。
6.考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意:為了創(chuàng)建這個(gè)集合,小王和她的團(tuán)隊(duì)去了云南楚雄挖掘彝族技藝的文化和歷史。根據(jù)設(shè)空處的并列謂語went可知,此處應(yīng)用dig的一般過去時(shí),故填dug。
7.考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:為了喚起傳統(tǒng),設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)將彝族文化的圖案、色彩和技術(shù)運(yùn)用到他們的當(dāng)代服裝設(shè)計(jì)中,包括T恤、夾克、襯衫和其他必需品。the design team與aim之間是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系,應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞,作狀語,表主動(dòng),故填A(yù)iming。
8.考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。句意:為了喚起傳統(tǒng),設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)將彝族文化的圖案、色彩和技術(shù)運(yùn)用到他們的當(dāng)代服裝設(shè)計(jì)中,包括T恤、夾克、襯衫和其他必需品。pattern在此為可數(shù)名詞,且與colors和techniques并列,應(yīng)用名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式,故填patterns。
9.考查介詞。句意:為了喚起傳統(tǒng),設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)將彝族文化的圖案、色彩和技術(shù)運(yùn)用到他們的當(dāng)代服裝設(shè)計(jì)中,包括T恤、夾克、襯衫和其他必需品。apply… to…是固定搭配,表示“將……應(yīng)用于……”。故填to。
10.考查主謂一致。句意:taoray taoray系列是設(shè)計(jì)師如何保存文化,提醒人們在日常生活中的傳統(tǒng)之美的反映!根據(jù)本句中的are preserving可知,設(shè)空處應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),因?yàn)榫渥拥闹髡Z是collection,故填is。
Text 2
【答案】11.defeated 12.powerful 13.a(chǎn)nxiously 14.a(chǎn)pproached##was approaching 15.for
16.was told 17.to leave 18.a(chǎn) 19.that 20.directions
【解析】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述強(qiáng)臺(tái)風(fēng)來臨之際,Robert Owens因?yàn)闆]錢買汽油和住旅館,只能帶著妻子兒女眼睜睜地看著別人撤離而傷心不已。
11.考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:周日,當(dāng)Robert Owens在路易斯安那州首府等待最強(qiáng)烈的颶風(fēng)襲擊美國時(shí),他感到挫敗又無望。根據(jù)句意可知,此處指“感到被打敗了”,故用所給動(dòng)詞的過去分詞,作表語,表示被動(dòng)的意思,修飾句子的主語Robert Owens。故填defeated。
12.考查形容詞。句意:見第1題詳解。分析該句成分可知,所填詞在此處作定語,修飾后面的名詞hurricanes,故用形容詞形式powerful。故填powerful。
13.考查副詞。句意:隨著颶風(fēng)艾達(dá)的到來,這位27歲的男人這幾天都在焦慮地看著長排的汽車前往更安全的地方。分析該句成分可知,所填詞在此處修飾動(dòng)詞watching,作狀語,故用所給形容詞的副詞形式anxiously。故填anxiously。
14.考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意:見第3題詳解。根據(jù)第一段的時(shí)間狀語on Sunday及空前的時(shí)態(tài)had spent可知,該句敘述強(qiáng)調(diào)的是過去發(fā)生的事,故用所給動(dòng)詞的過去式;用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)過去進(jìn)行也可以,主語是Hurricane Ida,所以be動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式was。故填approached /was approaching。
15.考查動(dòng)詞短語。句意:出于絕望,Owens周六去了銀行申請(qǐng)發(fā)薪日貸款。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意思可知,這里考查動(dòng)詞短語apply for意為“申請(qǐng)”。故填for。
16.考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意:但是,他被告知沒有足夠的信用記錄。分析該句成分可知,he與tell是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,又因?yàn)樵撈恼聰⑹龅氖沁^去發(fā)生的事,故該空用一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài),主語是he,所以be動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式was。故填was told。
17.考查固定搭配。句意:我們的銀行賬戶是空的——我們擔(dān)負(fù)不起離開的費(fèi)用。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意思可知,這里考查動(dòng)詞短語afford to do sth意為“負(fù)擔(dān)得起做什么事”。故填to leave。
18.考查冠詞。句意:想到我的家人被落下,我感覺很糟糕。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意思可知,feeling為可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)形式,該處是泛指“一個(gè)”的意思,terrifying第一個(gè)音素是輔音音素,所以用不定冠詞a。故填a。
19.考查名詞性從句。句意:我們不是中等或者更高階級(jí)的事實(shí)一直從如此多不同的方向以不同的方式一次又一次的啃咬著我。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,該空引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)同位語從句,解釋說明fact的具體內(nèi)容,從句中不缺少成分且意義完整,故此處用that引導(dǎo)從句。故填that。
20.考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。句意:見第9題詳解。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意思可知,此處direction為可數(shù)名詞,根據(jù)空前的so many different及空后的并列成分ways可知,此處用所給名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填directions。
Text 3
【答案】21.to celebrate 22.meaning 23.ourselves 24.curiosity 25.in
26.why 27.has brought 28.were##had been told 29.but 30.gradually
【解析】本文是說明文。文章主要講述哲學(xué)的由來。
21.考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:這一天是為了慶祝我們?nèi)松姓軐W(xué)的重要性和角色。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意思可知,這里是動(dòng)詞不定式作表語,表示主語的具體內(nèi)容。故填to celebrate。
22.考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:“哲學(xué)”這個(gè)詞來源于希臘,意思是“智慧的愛”。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意思可知,         (mean)“l(fā)ove of wisdom"是非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語,mean與The word “philosophy” 之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,用現(xiàn)在分詞。故填meaning。
23.考查代詞。句意:通過哲學(xué),我們盡力找到關(guān)于世界和我們自己的基本問題的答案。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意思可知,這里是反身代詞作介詞about的賓語,表示“我們自己”的意思。故填ourselves。
24.考查名詞。句意:它聽起來可能很寬泛,很深?yuàn)W,但實(shí)際上,它提起了我們的好奇心,并且在我們生活的方方面面都有所體現(xiàn)。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意思可知,這里是名詞作介詞短語out of的賓語,表示“好奇心”的意思,是不可數(shù)名詞,所以用單數(shù)形式。故填curiosity。
25.考查固定短語。句意:見第4題詳解。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意思可知,這里是固定短語in all aspects表示“在所有方面”的意思。故填in。
26.考查表語從句。句意:這就是它被叫做present的原因。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意思可知,這里是表語從句,引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作原因狀語,用why引導(dǎo)該從句。故填why。
27.考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意:到目前為止,哲學(xué)已經(jīng)帶來了巨大的社會(huì)發(fā)展。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意思可知,句子的時(shí)間狀語是so far,所以這里用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),主語是Philosophy,所以謂語用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故填has brought。
28.考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意:在幾千年里,人們一直做著他們被告知的事情。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意思可知,該空是賓語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞,句子的時(shí)間狀語是For thousands of years,主句謂語是過去進(jìn)行時(shí),從句謂語發(fā)生在它之前,所以用過去完成時(shí),也可以用一般過去時(shí)表示發(fā)生在過去的事情。故填were/had been told。
29.考查連詞。句意:但是2500年前,希臘哲學(xué)家蘇格拉底開始問“為什么?”和“這是最好的辦法嗎?”根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意思可知,這里用連詞,表示轉(zhuǎn)折的關(guān)系。故填But。
30.考查副詞。句意:漸漸地,人類進(jìn)入了一個(gè)積極理性的思考時(shí)期。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意思可知,這里用副詞,修飾整個(gè)句子。故填Gradually。
Text 4
【答案】31.that##which 32.is thought 33.will follow 34.Into 35.indicating
36.vividly 37.patterns 38.An 39.Its 40.designed
【解析】本文是說明文。文章主要講述有關(guān)2022年冬奧會(huì)徽章的事情。
31.考查定語從句。句意:吉祥物徽章因?yàn)樗_(dá)到新的記錄水平的設(shè)計(jì)已經(jīng)獲得了顯著的贊賞。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意思可知,這里是限制性定語從句,先行詞是“design”,在從句中作主語,指物。故填that/which。
32.考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意:紀(jì)念徽章的倒計(jì)時(shí)的款式被認(rèn)為是很獨(dú)特并且浪漫的。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意思可知,描述一個(gè)客觀的事實(shí),用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí);“The style ”和“think”之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,用被動(dòng)語態(tài),這里是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài),主語是“The style”所以be動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式is。故填is thought。
33.考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意:至于200天倒計(jì)時(shí)的徽章,它以前面是櫻花背面是雪花的造型為特征,表明東京奧運(yùn)會(huì)過后便是北京冬奧會(huì)。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意思可知,這里表示將要發(fā)生的事情,用一般將來時(shí)。故填will follow。
34.考查動(dòng)詞短語。句意:如果搜集者獲得倒計(jì)時(shí)系列的所有徽章,他們可以把它們拼在一起就會(huì)成為一個(gè)“0”的形狀,表明倒計(jì)時(shí)結(jié)束。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意思可知,這里是動(dòng)詞短語“piece sth. together into”表示“把......拼湊成......”的意思。故填into。
35.考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:見第4題詳解。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意思可知,這里是現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語,表示自然而然的結(jié)果。故填indicating。
36.考查副詞。句意:而且,這一系列的古代神話徽章形象地展示了中國神話故事里的人物,像女媧補(bǔ)天,夸父追日等等。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意思可知,這里是副詞修飾動(dòng)詞“show”。故填vividly。
37.考查名詞。句意:其他的徽章款式還包括傳統(tǒng)的比賽,比如中國古老的球類比賽,蹴鞠。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意思可知,這里是可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式,被other修飾,作主語。故填patterns。
38.考查冠詞。句意:此外,冰上運(yùn)動(dòng),中國北方的一種古老的運(yùn)動(dòng)方式,在一個(gè)徽章上也被展示了出來。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意思可知,這里是不定冠詞修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)形式“sport”,表示泛指,且old是以元音音素開頭的詞。故填an。
39.考查代詞。句意:作為2022年奧運(yùn)會(huì)的主辦方,北京已經(jīng)通過這些為了歡迎世界的運(yùn)動(dòng)員和觀眾們而設(shè)計(jì)的顏色各異的徽章向世界講述它自己的故事。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意思可知,這里是形容詞性物主代詞,作定語,修飾后面的名詞“stories”。故填its。
40.考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:見第9題。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意思可知,這里是過去分詞作后置定語,修飾前面的名詞“pins”,“pins”和“design”之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,用過去分詞。故填designed。

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