A
限時7分鐘
I recently came in cntact with celebrity magazines． My family isn't ne t give mney fr pictures f skinny, drunk celebrities with paragraphs abut their relatinships and shpping cart times． Thus, I was excited t finally get a chance t read abut ther peple's attractive yet trubled lives．
Right away I nticed hw each magazine seemed t be a cpy f the ther． They had headlines and pictures that were almst the same． Still, the pictures f perfectly cnstructed faces with cute designer utfits ging n with their daily lives made me read n．
Wait, celebrities taking their dgs fr a walk? Spending an afternn at a park? All f these things seemed s rdinary—things my wn family and I d tgether ften． I suddenly realized hw unextrardinary the peple in these magazines were． They are simply nrmal peple wh happen t have a cl jb and much mney． Fr sme reasn, pictures f them ding things like buying milk at the stre appeal t millins f readers． Then, when these regular peple mess up, their mistakes are painted nt hundreds f newspapers and Internet sites．
What if every time we made a mistake, it was made public? Have yu ever failed a test? Imagine seeing pictures f yu n the frnt f a newspaper with headlines like, “Regular Schling Isn't Enugh”． Yu'd be embarrassed． Nw, I'm nt necessarily taking the celebrity's side． I'm mre realizing the fact that these peple we are crazy abut are just rdinary human beings with many phtgraphs fllwing them arund． Rle mdels? I'd think nt． Persnally, I'd rather lk up t peple in any cmmunity wh have accmplished a lt instead f an rdinary persn walking his dg in Berverly Hills．
1．What d we knw abut the authr's family?
A．They admire celebrities very much．
B．They ften buy celebrity magazines．
C．They are nt interested in celebrities．
D．They are curius abut the life f celebrities．
答案：C 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第二句可推知，作者家人對名人的八卦新聞不感興趣，故選C。
2．What des the authr think f celebrities?
A．They live a happy life．
B．They seldm d usual things．
C．They deserve peple's admiratin．
D．They are just rdinary peple like us．
答案：D 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第四、五句可知，作者突然明白，名人都是些普通人，只不過他們從事著看似光鮮、收入豐厚的工作，故選D。
3．Wh is mst likely t be the authr's rle mdel?
A．Celebrities wh live an rdinary life．
B．Cmmn peple wh d great things．
C．Extrardinary peple wh accmplish a lt．
D．Peple wh make great cntributins t cmmunities．
答案：B 推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句可知，作者更喜歡以那些雖生活在社區(qū)里，但能做出不平凡事情的普通人為榜樣，而不是那些雖生活在Berverly Hills而事實(shí)上很平庸的人，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知選B。
4．What is the authr's purpse in writing the text?
A．T describe the actual life f celebrities．
B．T ask us t be realistic abut thers' mistakes．
C．T shw peple's different attitudes twards celebrities．
D．T advise us t have a right attitude twards celebrities．
答案：D 推理判斷題。根據(jù)本文可知，在作者看來名人只不過是受大家關(guān)注的普通人，我們需要以正確的態(tài)度去看待他們，故選D。
B
限時8分鐘
In a wrld with limited land, water and ther natural resurces, the harm frm the traditinal business mdel is n the rise． Actually, the past decade has seen mre and mre frests disappearing and the glbe becming increasingly warm． Peple nw realize that this unhealthy situatin must be changed, and that we must be able t develp in sustainable (可持續(xù)的) ways． That means grwth with lw carbn r develpment f sustainable prducts． In ther wrds, we shuld keep the earth healthy while using its supply f natural resurces．
Tday, sustainable develpment is a prper trend in many cuntries． Accrding t a recent study, the glbal market fr lwcarbn energy will becme three times bigger ver the next decade． China, fr example, has set its mind n leading that market, hping t seize chances in the new rund f the glbal energy revlutin． It is nw trying hard t make full use f wind and slar energy, and is spending a huge amunt f mney making electric cars and highspeed trains． In additin, we are als seeing great grwth in the glbal markets fr sustainable prducts such as palm il (棕櫚油), which is prduced withut cutting dwn valuable rainfrest． In recent years the markets fr sustainable prducts have grwn by mre than 50%．
Gvernments can fully develp the ptential f these new markets． First, they can set high targets fr reducing carbn emissins (排放) and targets fr saving and reusing energy． Besides, strnger arrangement f public resurces like frests can als help t speed up the develpment． Finally, gvernments can avid the huge expenses that are taking us in the wrng directin, and redirecting sme f thse expenses can accelerate the change frm the traditinal mdel t a sustainable ne．
The majr challenge f this century is t find ways t meet the needs f a grwing ppulatin within the limits f this single planet． That is n small task, but it ffers abundant new chances fr sustainable prduct industries．
5．Accrding t Paragraph 1, we cannt infer that the traditinal business mdel ________．
A．makes the wrld warmer
B．makes grwth hard t cntinue
C．brings severe damage t frests
D．cnsumes natural resurces
答案：D 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第二句中的“mre and mre frests disappearing and the glbe becming increasingly warm”可排除A、C兩項(xiàng)；根據(jù)第一段倒數(shù)第三句“Peple nw realize that this unhealthy ．．． in sustainable (可持續(xù)的) ways．”可知，傳統(tǒng)的商業(yè)模式不能確?？沙掷m(xù)發(fā)展，因此要改變傳統(tǒng)的發(fā)展模式，故排除B項(xiàng)。故D項(xiàng)符合題意。
6．What can we infer frm Paragraph 2?
A．Highspeed trains are a lwcarbn develpment．
B．China is the leader f the lwcarbn market．
C．China lacks wind and slar energy．
D．Palm il is made at the cst f valuable frests．
答案：A 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第一、二句和第四句中的“and is spending a huge amunt f mney making electric cars and highspeed trains”可知，高鐵屬于低碳的發(fā)展模式。故A項(xiàng)正確。
7．T fully develp the lwcarbn markets, gvernment can ________．
A．cut public expenses
B．encurage energy cnservatin
C．develp public resurces
D．frbid carbn emissin
答案：B 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二句中的“and targets fr saving and reusing energy”可知，為了充分開發(fā)低碳市場，政府可以鼓勵節(jié)約和循環(huán)利用能源。故B項(xiàng)正確。
8．We can learn frm the last paragraph that businesses have many chances t ________．
A．make full use f natural resurces
B．explre new natural resurces
C．develp sustainable prducts
D．deal with the majr challenge
答案：C 推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段尾句中的“it ffers abundant new chances fr sustainable prduct industries”可知，C項(xiàng)正確。
C
限時8分鐘
T Friend r Nt t Friend
We all lve ur parents and turn t them when we're in need, but wuld yu like them t hear the cnversatins yu have with yur friends n the schl playgrund r lunch queue? Scial netwrking sites have becme extensins f the schl hallways, s wuld yu add yur parents as “friends” and allw them t view yur nline activities and cnversatins with friends?
In the past the generatin gap included a technlgy gap, where children were up t date with latest technlgy and parents were left behind, cntent t cntinue their daytday lives as they always had because they had n need t knw mre abut technlgy． Hwever, mre and mre parents are beginning t realize just hw imprtant scial netwrks are in their lives． This realizatin has given many parents the mtivatin t educate themselves abut scial netwrking sites．
These days many peple are attracted t scial netwrking sites because they can chse wh they have arund them; there's als a certain amunt f cntrl ver privacy that we dn't get in real life． Smetimes we feel that privacy is vilated when we must accept a “friend” request frm a parent r family member．
It's a difficult chice whether r nt t allw a parent t becme a part f ur nline lives． On the ne hand we dn't want t “reject” their request because that might hurt their feelings r make them feel yu have smething t hide． On the ther hand if yu d accept, then yu culd have a sense f being watched and n lnger feel free t cmment r cmmunicate the way yu did befre．
A recent survey suggested that parents shuldn't take it persnally if their child ignres their request, “When a teen ignres a parent's friend request, it desn't necessarily mean that they are hiding smething, but it culd mean that this is ne part f their life where they want t be independent．”
Perhaps talking with parents and giving explanatins wuld help sften the blw if yu d chse nt t add them t yur friends list．
9．Frm Paragraph 2, we learn that ________．
A．parents feel secure abut their privacy nline
B．scial netwrks successfully fill the generatin gap
C．parents have realized the imprtance f scial netwrks
D．scial netwrks ffer a platfrm fr parents t cmmunicate
答案：C 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段后兩句可知，父母已經(jīng)意識到社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)的重要性。故選C。
10．Teenagers may refuse a parent's friend request because ________．
A．they hide smething frm their parents
B．they are unwilling t be watched by parents
C．their parents tend t fall behind technlgy
D．their parents make negative cmments n them
答案：B 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句可知，青少年可能會拒絕父母加好友的請求，因?yàn)樗麄儾辉敢獗桓改副O(jiān)視著自己的一舉一動。故選B。
11．The passage is mainly abut ________．
A．privacy nline B．scial netwrks
C．the generatin gap D．parents' friend requests
答案：D 主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，全文主要講了現(xiàn)在很多父母進(jìn)入社交網(wǎng)站，希望加孩子為好友，但是這樣的要求往往被孩子拒絕，分析了其中的原因，并進(jìn)一步對孩子們提出忠告。故選D。
12．The passage is written mainly fr ________．
A．parents B．teenagers
C．teachers D．researchers
答案：B 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第一句中的“We all lve ur parents and turn t them when we're in need”以及最后一段給青少年的建議可知，本文的寫作對象是廣大青少年。故選B。
D
限時8分鐘
When asked t identify the qualities that lead t success in life, experts ften list the ability t vercme bstacles． Getting ver the difficulties, thrugh determinatin and persistence, is the characteristic f the greatest leaders, the mst successful parents and the mst prized emplyees． Thse wh make n excuses, wh d whatever it takes t get smething dne, are the nes wh have the capacity t achieve greatness．
In educatin, we fcus a lt n meeting ur students' needs． It's ur jb t teach them． But t truly help them be successful, we urselves have t have the “n excuses” attitude． The prblem is that by allwing urselves n excuses, and ding whatever it takes t make students successful, we ften find urselves accepting excuses frm them． Students dn't cmplete an assignment, and we give them a secnd chance． A test is failed and we prvide a chance t retake it, r d test crrectins fr extra credit．
But there's always a reasn fr a child's behavir． It's imprtant t understand the reasn, but it's equally imprtant t remember that a reasn is nt an excuse．
There's a girl in my class with terrible handwriting． “Maybe if I had a mther wh had taught me that, I wuld have better handwriting！” she says． She has been in and ut f fster care (寄養(yǎng)照管) fr years． She has an explanatin fr her bad handwriting, but when des it becme an excuse that reduces her ability t cmmunicate fr the rest f her life?
We must understand the kids and wrk t find ways fr them t succeed． Simultaneusly (同時), we must draw lines, set limits, shw them the difference between right and wrng． The real wrk is figuring ut when we stp letting reasns be excuses, and start t teach kids abut taking respnsibility fr themselves．
Maybe there is failure n the path t success． Smetimes a child has t fail in rder t discver the line that he cannt crss．
13．The example f the girl in Paragraph 4 shws that ________．
A．children can't tell a reasn frm an excuse
B．children need t imprve their ability t cmmunicate
C．children's behavir is greatly affected by their parents
D．children have reasnable explanatins fr their behavir
答案：A 推理判斷題。結(jié)合第三段尾句中的“but it's equally imprtant t remember that a reasn is nt an excuse”可知，原因不等于借口，女孩的例子正是說明了孩子們往往無法辨別借口和原因，故選A。
14．What is a teacher's real wrk in the authr's pinin?
A．T shw kids the difference between right and wrng．
B．T help kids becme respnsible fr themselves．
C．T set specific limits t the behavir f kids．
D．T meet the needs f different kids．
答案：B 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從倒數(shù)第二段最后一句可知，一個教師真正的工作是弄清楚什么時候不再讓理由變成借口，并開始教孩子們要對他們自己的言行負(fù)責(zé)，故選B。
15．What des the authr try t express in the last paragraph?
A．Children shuld try t avid failure．
B．Failure may benefit children in the lng run．
C．Children shuld be careful n their way t success．
D．Failure is easy t cnquer if children are cnfident．
答案：B 推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段第二句“Smetimes a child has t fail in rder t discver the line that he cannt crss．”可以推斷，從長遠(yuǎn)來看，讓孩子經(jīng)歷失敗并不一定是壞事，孩子們能從中受益，故選B。
16．The passage is prbably written by ________．
A．a(chǎn) wrking parent B．a(chǎn) cllege student
C．a(chǎn)n experienced teacher D．a(chǎn) newspaper reprter
答案：C 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第一、二句“In educatin, we fcus a lt n meeting ur students' needs． It's ur jb t teach them．”以及第四段首句“There's a girl in my class with terrible handwriting．”可推知，這篇文章很可能是由一個有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的教師寫的。
A
限時15分鐘
(2018·北京高考)
Preparing Cities fr Rbt Cars
The pssibility f selfdriving rbt cars has ften seemed like a futurist's dream, years away frm materializing in the real wrld． Well, the future is apparently nw． The Califrnia Department f Mtr Vehicles began giving permits in April fr cmpanies t test truly selfdriving cars n public rads． The state als cleared the way fr cmpanies t sell r rent ut selfdriving cars, and fr cmpanies t perate driverless taxi services． Califrnia, it shuld be nted, isn't leading the way here． Cmpanies have been testing their vehicles in cities acrss the cuntry． It's hard t predict when driverless cars will be everywhere n ur rads． But hwever lng it takes, the technlgy has the ptential t change ur transprtatin systems and ur cities, fr better r fr wrse, depending n hw the transfrmatin is regulated．
While much f the debate s far has been fcused n the safety f driverless cars (and rightfully s), plicymakers als shuld be talking abut hw selfdriving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams, cut emissins (排放) and ffer mre cnvenient, affrdable mbility ptins． The arrival f driverless vehicles is a chance t make sure that thse vehicles are envirnmentally friendly and mre shared．
D we want t cpy—r even wrsen—the traffic f tday with driverless cars? Imagine a future where mst adults wn individual selfdriving vehicles． They tlerate lng, slw jurneys t and frm wrk n packed highways because they can wrk, entertain themselves r sleep n the ride, which encurages urban spread． They take their driverless car t an appintment and set the empty vehicle t circle the building t avid paying fr parking． Instead f walking a few blcks t pick up a child r the dry cleaning, they send the selfdriving minibus． The cnvenience even leads fewer peple t take public transprt—an unwelcme side effect researchers have already fund in ridehailing (叫車) services．
A study frm the University f Califrnia at Davis suggested that replacing petrlpwered private cars wrldwide with electric, selfdriving and shared systems culd reduce carbn emissins frm transprtatin 80% and cut the cst f transprtatin infrastructure (基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施) and peratins 40% by 2050． Fewer emissins and cheaper travel sund pretty appealing． The first cmmercially available driverless cars will almst certainly be fielded by ridehailing services, cnsidering the cst f selfdriving technlgy as well as liability and maintenance issues (責(zé)任與維護(hù)問題)． But driverless car wnership culd increase as the prices drp and mre peple becme cmfrtable with the technlgy．
Plicymakers shuld start thinking nw abut hw t make sure the appearance f driverless vehicles desn't extend the wrst aspects f the carcntrlled transprtatin system we have tday． The cming technlgical advancement presents a chance fr cities and states t develp transprtatin systems designed t mve mre peple, and mre affrdably． The car f the future is cming． We just have t plan fr it．
1．Accrding t the authr, attentin shuld be paid t hw driverless cars can ________．
A．help deal with transprtatinrelated prblems
B．prvide better services t custmers
C．cause damage t ur envirnment
D．make sme peple lse jbs
答案：A 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第一句可知，盡管到目前為止，大多數(shù)爭論都集中在無人駕駛汽車的安全性上(理應(yīng)如此)，政策制定者們也應(yīng)該討論無人駕駛汽車如何能幫助緩解交通擁堵、減少尾氣排放，并提供更方便、更實(shí)惠的交通選擇。同時結(jié)合第三段第一句可推知，作者認(rèn)為應(yīng)該關(guān)注無人駕駛汽車能如何幫助處理跟交通有關(guān)的問題。故選A。
2．As fr driverless cars, what is the authr's majr cncern?
A．Safety． B．Side effects．
C．Affrdability． D．Management．
答案：D 推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句可知，作者認(rèn)為政策制定者應(yīng)開始思考如何保證無人駕駛汽車的出現(xiàn)不會擴(kuò)大當(dāng)今以汽車為主導(dǎo)的交通運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)的最消極的一面，由此可推知，作者關(guān)心的是無人駕駛汽車的管理。故選D。
3．What des the underlined wrd “fielded” in Paragraph 4 prbably mean?
A．Emplyed． B．Replaced．
C．Shared． D．Reduced．
答案：A 詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句可推知，目前無人駕駛汽車價格高昂，且大眾對該技術(shù)的接受度低，再結(jié)合畫線詞所在句的含義可知，考慮到自動駕駛技術(shù)的成本以及責(zé)任和維護(hù)問題，可以猜測，叫車服務(wù)將使用首批商用無人駕駛汽車。由此可推知，field意為“使用”。故選A。
4．What is the authr's attitude t the future f selfdriving cars?
A．Dubtful． B．Psitive．
C．Disapprving． D．Sympathetic．
答案：B 觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第五段最后三句可知，即將到來的技術(shù)進(jìn)步為城市和國家發(fā)展交通系統(tǒng)提供了機(jī)會，這種交通系統(tǒng)的目的是讓更多的人能夠更經(jīng)濟(jì)地出行。未來的汽車就要來了。我們只須為它做好計劃。由此可推知，作者對無人駕駛汽車的未來持積極態(tài)度。故選B。
B
限時10分鐘
⊕(2019·合肥市高三調(diào)研性測試)It's nt just kids wh are verding screen time． Parents are ften just as guilty f spending t much time checking smart phnes and emails． And the cnsequences fr their children can be trubling．
Dr Jenny Radesky is a pediatrician (兒科醫(yī)生) specializing in child develpment． When she wrked at a clinic in a hightech Seattle neighbrhd, Radesky started nticing hw ften parents ignred their kids in favr f a mbile device． Radesky was s cncerned that she decided t study the behavir．
After relcating t Bstn Medical Center, she and tw ther researchers spent ne summer bserving 55 different grups f parents and yung children eating at fast fd restaurants． “Many f the caregivers pulled ut a mbile device right away，” she says． “They lked at it, scrlled n it and typed fr mst f the meal, nly putting it dwn ccasinally．”
This was nt a scientific study． Radesky is quick t pint ut． It was mre like anthrplgical (人類學(xué)的) bservatin, cmplete with detailed field ntes． Frty f the 55 parents used a mbile device during the meal, and many, she says, were mre absrbed in the device than in the kids．
Radesky says that's a big mistake, because facetface interactins are the primary way children learn． “They learn language, they learn abut their wn emtins, and they learn hw t regulate them，” she says． “They learn by watching us hw t have a cnversatin, and hw t read ther peple's facial expressins． And if that is nt happening, children are missing ut n imprtant develpment milestnes (里程碑)．”
In the research fr her bk, SteinerAdair interviewed 1,000 children between the ages f 4 and 18, asking them abut their parents' use f mbile devices． The language that came up ver and ver and ver again, she says, was “sad, mad, angry and lnely．” SteinerAdair says we dn't knw exactly hw much these mini mments f discnnectin between a parent and child affect the child in the lng term． But based n the stries she hears, SteinerAdair suggests that parents think twice befre picking up a mbile device when they're with their kids．
5．What did Dr Jenny Radesky find in a Seattle neighbrhd?
A．Parents ignred their kids in favr f a mbile device．
B．High technlgy made peple's life mre cnvenient．
C．Children tk a much keener interest in smart phnes．
D．Parents were wrried abut their children's develpment．
答案：A 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句“When she wrked at a clinic in a hightech Seattle neighbrhd, Radesky started nticing hw ften parents ignred their kids in favr f a mbile device．”可知，Jenny Radesky博士在社區(qū)里發(fā)現(xiàn)了父母玩手機(jī)而忽略孩子的現(xiàn)象，故選A。
6．Hw did Radesky d her research?
A．By interviewing the caregivers．
B．By analyzing data frm a clinic．
C．By classifying parents' behavir．
D．By bserving parents and children．
答案：D 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句“After relcating t Bstn Medical Center, she and tw ther researchers spent ne summer bserving 55 different grups f parents and yung children eating at fast fd restaurants．”可知，Radesky是通過觀察父母和孩子們的行為來進(jìn)行研究的，故選D。
7．What des the underlined wrd “that” in Paragraph 5 prbably refer t?
A．Learning abut their wn feelings．
B．Reading thers' facial expressins．
C．Watching their parents' talking．
D．Cmmunicating face t face．
答案：D 指代判斷題。根據(jù)第五段第一句“Radesky says that's a big mistake, because facetface interactins are the primary way children learn．”可推知，此處的that代指的是父母和孩子之間面對面的互動和交流，故選D。
8．What des SteinerAdair advise parents t d?
A．Cmfrt their children as ften as pssible．
B．Put dwn their smart phnes while with their kids．
C．Reflect n their wn influence n their children．
D．Allw their kids t use mbile devices smetimes．
答案：B 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“But based n the stries she hears, SteinerAdair suggests that parents think twice befre picking up a mbile device when they're with their kids．”和對本段的整體理解可推知，SteinerAdair建議父母和孩子們在一起時，不要玩手機(jī)，故選B。
C
限時10分鐘
調(diào)題庫[13]A篇，序號與B篇順排
⊕(2019·蘭州一中高三月考)We've cnsidered several ways f paying t cut in line: hiring line standers, buying tickets frm scalpers (票販子), r purchasing linecutting privileges directly frm, say, an airline r an amusement park． Each f these deals replaces the mrals f the queue (waiting yur turn) with the mrals f the market (paying a price fr faster service)．
Markets and queues—paying and waiting—are tw different ways f allcating things, and each is apprpriate t different activities． The mrals f the queue—“First cme, first served．” have an egalitarian (平等主義的) appeal． They tell us t ignre privilege, pwer, and deep pckets．
The principle seems right n playgrunds and at bus stps． But the mrals f the queue d nt gvern all ccasins． If I put my huse up fr sale, I have n duty t accept the first ffer that cmes alng, simply because it's the first． Selling my huse and waiting fr a bus are different activities, prperly gverned by different standards．
Smetimes standards change, and it is unclear which principle shuld apply． Think f the recrded message yu hear, played ver and ver, as yu wait n hld when calling yur bank: “Yur call will be answered in the rder in which it was received．” This is essential fr the mrals f the queue． It's as if the cmpany is trying t ease ur impatience with fairness．
But dn't take the recrded message t seriusly． Tday, sme peple's calls are answered faster than thers． Call center technlgy enables cmpanies t “scre” incming calls and t give faster service t thse that cme frm rich places． Yu might call this telephnic queue jumping．
Of curse, markets and queues are nt the nly ways f allcating things． Sme gds we distribute by merit, thers by need, still thers by chance． Hwever, the tendency f markets t replace queues, and ther nnmarket ways f allcating gds is s cmmn in mdern life that we scarcely ntice it anymre． It is striking that mst f the paid queuejumping schemes we've cnsidered—at airprts and amusement parks, in call centers, dctrs' ffices, and natinal parks—are recent develpments, scarcely imaginable three decades ag． The disappearance f the queues in these places may seem an unusual cncern, but these are nt the nly places that markets have entered．
9．Accrding t the authr, which f the fllwing seems gverned by the principle “First cme, first served．”？
A．Taking buses．
B．Buying huses．
C．Flying with an airline．
D．Visiting amusement parks．
答案：A 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句、第三段第一句“The principle seems right n playgrunds and at bus stps．”及第四句“Selling my huse and waiting fr a bus are different activities, prperly gverned by different standards．(賣房和等公共汽車是不同的活動，受不同標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的制約。)”可知，等公共汽車是受“先到先得到服務(wù)”這一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)制約的，而賣房不在此列。由上面的分析排除B項(xiàng)房屋買賣的問題；再根據(jù)第一段第一句可知，直接從航空公司和游樂園買票的特權(quán)可以避免排隊(duì)等候的問題，故排除C、D兩項(xiàng)。
10．The example f the recrded message in Paragraphs 4 and 5 illustrates ________．
A．the necessity f patience in queuing
B．the advantage f mdern technlgy
C．the uncertainty f allcatin principle
D．the fairness f telephnic services
答案：C 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第四段第一句“Smetimes standards change, and it is unclear which principle shuld apply．”說明了適用規(guī)則的不確定性；根據(jù)第五段，尤其是該段的第一句可知，對待各種場合的錄音信息不必太認(rèn)真，有時公司會利用呼叫中心給某些人特權(quán)，所以說這種分配事情的原則不是一成不變的，故選C項(xiàng)。
11．The passage is meant t ________．
A．justify paying fr faster services
B．discuss the mrals f allcating things
C．a(chǎn)nalyze the reasn fr standing in line
D．criticize the behavir f queue jumping
答案：B 主旨大意題。第二段和第六段的第一句都表明了這篇文章的核心話題就是對有關(guān)分配的道德問題的探討。B項(xiàng)所述符合且準(zhǔn)確地體現(xiàn)了文章的主旨。
D
限時12分鐘
(2017·天津高考)I read smewhere that we spend a full third f ur lives waiting． But where are we ding all f this waiting, and what des it mean t an impatient sciety like urs? T understand the issue, let's take a lk at three types f “waits”．
The very purest frm f waiting is the WatchedPt Wait． It is withut dubt the mst annying f all． Take filling up the kitchen sink (洗碗池) as an example． There is abslutely nthing yu can d while this is ging n but keep bth eyes fixed n the sink until it's full． During these waits, the brain slips away frm the bdy and wanders abut until the water runs ver the edge f the cunter and nt yur scks． This kind f wait makes the waiter helpless and mindless．
A cusin t the WatchedPt Wait is the Frced Wait． This ne requires a bit f discipline． Prperly preparing packaged ndle sup requires a Frced Wait． Directins are very specific． “Bring three cups f water t bil, add mix, simmer three minutes, remve frm heat, let stand five minutes．” I have my dubts that anyne has actually fllwed the prcedures strictly． After all, Frced Waiting requires patience．
Perhaps the mst pwerful type f waiting is the LuckyBreak Wait． This type f wait is unusual in that it is fr the mst part vluntary． Unlike the Frced Wait, which is als vluntary, waiting fr yur lucky break des nt necessarily mean that it will happen．
Turning ne's life int a waiting game requires faith and hpe, and is strictly fr the ptimists amng us． On the surface it seems as ridiculus as fllwing the directins n sup mixes, but the LuckyBreak Wait well serves thse wh are willing t d it． As lng as ne desn't cme t rely n it, wishing fr a few gd things t happen never hurts anybdy．
We certainly d spend a gd deal f ur time waiting． The next time yu're standing at the sink waiting fr it t fill while cking ndle sup that yu'll have t eat until a large bag f cash falls ut f the sky, dn't be desperate． Yu're prbably just as busy as the next guy．
12．While ding a WatchedPt Wait, we tend t ________．
A．keep urselves busy
B．get absentminded
C．grw anxius
D．stay fcused
答案：B 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后兩句中的“．．． the brain slips away frm the bdy and wanders abut ．．． This kind f wait makes the waiter helpless and mindless”可知，WatchedPt Wait可以讓人變得心不在焉。故選B。
13．What is the difference between the Frced Wait and the WatchedPt Wait?
A．The Frced Wait requires sme selfcntrl．
B．The Frced Wait makes peple passive．
C．The WatchedPt Wait needs directins．
D．The WatchedPt Wait engages bdy and brain．
答案：A 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二句“This ne requires a bit f discipline．”可知，F(xiàn)rced Wait與WatchedPt Wait的區(qū)別就是，前者需要自制力，即A項(xiàng)所述內(nèi)容。
14．What can we learn abut the LuckyBreak Wait?
A．It is less vluntary than the Frced Wait．
B．It desn't always bring the desired result．
C．It is mre fruitful than the Frced Wait．
D．It desn't give peple faith and hpe．
答案：B 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段尾句中的“．．． waiting fr yur lucky break des nt necessarily mean that it will happen”可知，等待幸運(yùn)之事，但未必意味著它一定會發(fā)生，故選B項(xiàng)(它并不總是帶來想要的結(jié)果)。
15．What des the authr advise us t d the next time we are waiting?
A．Take it seriusly． B．Dn't rely n thers．
C．D smething else． D．Dn't lse heart．
答案：D 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段第二句“The next time ．．． dn't be desperate．”可知，下次等待的時候，不要絕望，即不要喪失信心(Dn't lse heart．)。故選D。
16．The authr supprts his view by ________．
A．explring varius causes f “waits”
B．describing detailed prcesses f “waits”
C．a(chǎn)nalyzing different categries f “waits”
D．revealing frustrating cnsequences f “waits”
答案：C 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段尾句“T understand the issue, let's take a lk at three types f ‘waits’．”可知，作者是通過分析這三種類型的“等待”來支持自己的觀點(diǎn)。故選C。
E
限時10分鐘
(2019·河北調(diào)研)The arts, especially music, shuld be part f every schl's lessns at every grade level． Students wuld be much smarter if they had sme musical experience． They culd imprve their classrm skills, like paying attentin and fllwing directins． Peple develp all these skills when they learn music． Making music als lets children use their imaginatin． It prvides students with a chance t try ut their wn ideas．
Music nt nly makes children better students, but als gives them smething psitive t d． In a music prgram, children can be part f a band instead f jining a gang (團(tuán)伙)． Parents can enjy listening t their children's music instead f seeing them glued_t a cmputer r TV screen． In a schl band, students get t be part f a team． They can get alng well with ld friends and make new friends thrugh music．
Music builds selfcnfidence, t． It gives children a sense f achievement and success． Making music is smething fr them t be prud f, and it lets kids practice perfrming in frnt f an audience． Music gives children an pprtunity fr selfexpressin, and that helps develp their selfcnfidence．
Once again, music is imprtant because it can make children better students, give them smething psitive t d, and build their character． That is why music shuld be ffered in every single grade in every schl．
17．Accrding t the passage, music culd make students smarter by ________．
A．imprving their classrm skills
B．imprving their classrm skills and imaginatin
C．imprving their attentin, directin and imaginatin
D．learning music, making music and trying ut their wn ideas
答案：B 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句“Students wuld be much smarter if they had sme musical experience．”，第三句中的“They culd imprve their classrm skills ．．．”和第五句“Making music als lets children use their imaginatin．”可知B正確。
18．What des the underlined phrase “glued t” in the secnd paragraph mean?
A．Unwilling t turn n． B．Always lking．
C．Unwilling t leave． D．Always playing．
答案：C 詞義猜測題。B、D兩項(xiàng)中的動詞均無法和“a cmputer”及“TV screen”構(gòu)成動賓關(guān)系；A項(xiàng)中的“unwilling t turn n”與前后語境矛盾；再根據(jù)本句意在強(qiáng)調(diào)音樂對孩子的積極作用可知，電腦或電視對孩子將不再有吸引力。孩子們不再像以前那樣離不開或迷戀電視或電腦。故選C。
19．The third paragraph mainly tells us that music culd ________．
A．give children selfexpressin and selfcnfidence
B．bring children achievement and success
C．give children smething t be prud f
D．develp children's selfcnfidence
答案：D 段落大意題。根據(jù)第三段首句“Music builds selfcnfidence, t．(音樂也能幫助孩子構(gòu)建自信。)”可知，D項(xiàng)正確。
20．What's the best title f this passage?
A．Music is a must as a curse at schl
B．Music builds children's selfcnfidence
C．Music makes students much smarter
D．Learning music and making music
答案：A 標(biāo)題判斷題。第一段第一句“The arts, especially music, shuld be part f every schl's lessns at every grade level．”即文章的主題句，文章最后一句再次對此進(jìn)行呼應(yīng)；再根據(jù)概括標(biāo)題需遵循“針對性、概括性、醒目性”的原則可知，A為最佳答案。

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