2021年高考英語真題和模擬題分類匯編專題15閱讀理解社會生活議論類含解析-試卷下載-教習(xí)網(wǎng)

?專題15 閱讀理解社會生活、議論類
I、2021年高考真題
（2021·新高考I卷·D篇）
Popularization has in some cases changed the original meaning of emotional （情感的） intelligence. Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a person's makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and "people skills." Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities, but most of them move far beyond skill-based emotional intelligence.
We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad purposes. The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one a moral person.
Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis （重視）on emotion by employers, educators and others interested in promoting social well-being. The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.
Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives （視角） from which to study how people manage their lives. Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may serve to point us in the right direction.
1.What is a common misunderstanding of emotional intelligence?
A.It can be measured by an IQ test.
B.It helps to exercise a person's mind.
C.It includes a set of emotional skills.
D.It refers to a person's positive qualities.
2. Why does the author mention "doctor" and "cheater" in paragraph 2?
A.To explain a rule.
B.To clarify a concept.
C.To present a fact.
D.To make a prediction.
3.What is the author's attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence?
A.Favorable. B.Intolerant. C.Doubtful. D.Unclear.
4.What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning emotional intelligence?
A.Its appeal to the public.
B.Expectations for future studies.
C.Its practical application.
D.Scientists with new perspectives.
【答案】DBAB
【解析】本文是一篇議論文。文章主要論述了什么是情商，以及情商普及的優(yōu)勢，同時作者提出了對情商研究是未來期望。
1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干信息misunderstanding定位到第一段：Many people now misunderstand…?as almost everything desirable in a person's makeup…?分析可知，大多數(shù)人認(rèn)為情商就是構(gòu)成人性格中幾乎所有可取的部分，而后跟的句子such as character, motivation, confidence…?則是作者在列舉一些情商中具體的優(yōu)良品質(zhì)。選項D：它指的是一個人的優(yōu)良品質(zhì)，是該句的同義替換。故選D。
2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干信息的paragraph 2，定位到第二段We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as…；分析可知，我們更喜歡把情商稱作是一套特定的技能，它既可以用于好的目的，也可以用于壞的目的。而后作者便分別列舉了doctor和cheater用于解釋說明?"好目的"?和?"壞目的"?。由此我們可以推測，作者提及doctor和cheater是為了闡明前句所提到的關(guān)于情商的概念。故選B。
3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干信息popularization of emotional intelligence定位到第三段：Although popular beliefs regarding…?the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. 分析可知，雖然大眾對于情商的普遍認(rèn)知遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過了目前研究可以支持的觀點，但是宣傳的總體效果（對于情商的發(fā)展研究）是利大于弊的。而后作者便進(jìn)一步列舉了好處體現(xiàn)在哪些方面（the most positive aspect of this popularization…）?？芍?，作者對此態(tài)度是正向的、支持的。故選A。
4.主旨大意題。根據(jù)題干信息last paragraph定位到最后一段It is our hope that…?advances in science will offer new perspectives from which to study how people manage their lives. Emotional intelligence…?may serve to point us in the right direction. 分析可知，我們希望在未來的幾十年里，科學(xué)的進(jìn)步將為研究人們?nèi)绾喂芾碜约旱纳钐峁┮粋€新的視角。而情商也許會給我們指明一個正確的方向。因此可以得知，最后一段作者是在提出對于未來研究的期待和方向。B項中的Expectations for future studies.符合題意。故選B。

（2021·浙江卷·B篇）
We live in a town with three beaches. There are two parks less than 10 minutes' walk from home where neighbourhood children gather to play. However, what my children want to do after school is pick up a screen—any screen—and stare at it for hours. They are not alone. Today's children spend an average of four and a half hours a day looking at screens, split between watching television and using the Internet.
In the past few years, an increasing number of people and organisations have begun coming up with plans to counter this trend. A couple of years ago, film-maker David Bond realised that his children, then aged five and three, were attached to screens to the point where he was able to say "chocolate" into his three-year-old son's ear without getting a response. He realised that something needed to change, and, being a London media type, appointed himself "marketing director for Nature". He documented his journey as he set about treating nature as a brand to be marketed to young people. The result was?Project Wild Thing, a film which?charts?the birth of the Wild Network, a group of organisations with the common goal of getting children out into nature.
"Just five more minutes outdoors can make a difference, " David Bond says. "There is a lot of really interesting evidence which seems to be suggesting that if children are inspired up to the age of seven, then being outdoors will be a habit for life." His own children have got into the habit of playing outside now: "We just send them out into the garden and tell them not to come back in for a while."
Summer is upon us. There is an amazing world out there, and it needs our children as much as they need it. Let us get them out and let them play.
1.What is the problem with the author's children?
A.They often annoy the neighbours.
B.They are tired of doing their homework.
C.They have no friends to play with.
D.They stay in front of sereens for too long.
2.How did David Bond advocate his idea?
A.By making a documentary film.
B.By organizing outdoor activities.
C.By advertising in London media.
D.By creating a network of friends.
3.Which of the following can replace the underlined word "charts" in paragraph 2?
A.records B.predicts C.delays D.confirms
4.What can be a suitable title for the text?
A.Let Children Have Fun
B.Young Children Need More Free Time
C.Market Nature to Children
D.David Bond: A Role Model for Children
【答案】DAAC
【解析】本文作者以自己的孩子為例存在著長時間盯著電子屏幕的問題，從而引出了電影導(dǎo)演 David Bond怎樣激勵自己的孩子們養(yǎng)成戶外活動、鍛煉身體的習(xí)慣的做法。
1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第三句 "However, what my children want to do after school is pick up a screen—any screen—and stare at it for hours." 可知，作者的孩子們放學(xué)之后只想看電子屏幕，并盯著看好幾個小時，故選D。
2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后兩句“He documented his journey as he set about treating nature as a brand to be marketed to young people. The result was Project Wild Thing, a film which charts the birth of the Wild Network, a group of organisations with the common goal of getting children out into nature.“可知，作者記錄了自己的旅程，并制作成電影，故選A。
3.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句話句意”結(jié)果是 Project Wild Thing，一部描繪了 Wild Network 誕生的電影，Wild Network 是一組以讓孩子們?nèi)谌氪笞匀粸楣餐繕?biāo)的組織?！翱芍?，本句主要闡述作者拍攝的紀(jì)錄片Project Wild Thing記錄下了組織Wild Network的誕生，因此record（記錄、記載）與所猜詞匯最為接近，故選A。
4.主旨大意題。文章首段闡述現(xiàn)狀，即孩子們花太多時間在電子屏幕上，緊接著提到了作者為呼吁孩子們走進(jìn)大自然拍攝了紀(jì)錄片，希望孩子們能多花些時間在戶外運(yùn)動上。因此本篇文章主要內(nèi)容為：向孩子們 "推銷" 自然，故選C。

（2021·3月天津卷·B篇）
About five weeks ago, I noticed the skin of our pet lizard（蜥蜴）was growing dusty. It worried me. I reported the strange surface on the skin of the lizard to my husband and children the next morning. Seconds later, our lizard emerged from its tank with its old skin flowing behind it.
I didn't think about it much until a morning last week when I knocked my favorite teapot off the table. It burst into hundreds of pieces. As I swept up the mess, I wondered why we had been breaking so many things over the months.
The destruction started three months ago. It was my husband's birthday. He had just lost his job. The uncertainty was starting to wear on us, so I wanted to do something special.
"Let's make a cake for Dad!" I cried.
My kids screamed with joy. We baked, iced and sprinkled for most of the day. Candles on the cake! Balloons on the walls! Flowers on the table!
Two hours before my husband came back home from another job interview, my daughter climbed up to grab a glass vase from a high shelf. It fell and crashed beside the cake. Tiny pieces of glass were everywhere. She sobbed loudly as I threw the cake away. My husband had banana pudding for his birthday.
Three days ago, the light in our living room suddenly went out. After several frustrating hours of unsuccessful attempts to fix it, my husband suggested watching the Michael Jordan documentary（紀(jì)錄片）series?The Last Dance.
The poignancy（酸楚）of Jordan retiring from his beloved basketball to play baseball and what had pushed him to make such a tough decision took me by surprise. As I watched him take off his basketball uniform and replace it with a baseball uniform, I saw him?leaving behind the layer?that no longer served him, just as our lizard had. Neither of them chose the moment that had transformed them. But they had to live with who they were after everything was different. Just like us. I realized that we have to learn to leave the past behind.
Humans do not shed skin（蛻皮）as easily as other animals. The beginning of change is upsetting. The process is tiring. Damage changes us before we are ready. I see our lizard, raw and nearly new.
Jordan said that no matter how it ends, it starts with hope. With our tender, hopeful skin, that is where we begin.
1.What can we learn about the pet lizard from Paragraph 1?
A.Its tank grew dirty.
B.Its old skin came off.
C.It got a skin disease.
D.It went missing.
2.Why did the author's husband have banana pudding for his birthday?
A.The birthday cake was ruined.
B.The author made good puddings.
C.Pudding was his favorite dessert.
D.They couldn't afford a birthday cake.
3.Why does the author mention?The Last Dance?in the passage?
A.To prove a theory.
B.To define a concept.
C.To develop the theme.
D.To provide the background.
4.The underlined part "leaving?behind?the?layer" in Paragraph 8 can be understood as???????????.
A.letting go of the past
B.looking for a new job
C.getting rid of a bad habit
D.giving up an opportunity
5.What does the author most likely want to tell us?
A.Love of family helps us survive great hardships.
B.It's not the end of the world if we break things.
C.We should move on no matter what happens.
D.Past experiences should be treasured.
【答案】BACAC
【解析】文章大意：這是一篇夾敘夾議文。講述了作者的丈夫剛剛丟了工作，這種不確定性開始影響到家人，直到作者看到家里的寵物蜥蜴換皮和觀看了Michael Jordan的紀(jì)錄片《最后的舞蹈》后，領(lǐng)悟到我們必須學(xué)會把過去拋在腦后，像蜥蜴一樣，用我們?nèi)崮?、充滿希望的皮膚，作為人生的起點。
1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后兩句 "I reported the strange surface on the skin of the lizard to my husband and children the next morning. Seconds later, our lizard emerged from its tank with its old skin flowing behind it.（第二天早上，我向丈夫和孩子們報告了蜥蜴皮膚上奇怪的表面。幾秒鐘后，我們的蜥蜴從水箱里出來，舊皮膚蛻了下來）" 可知，寵物蜥蜴舊的皮膚脫落了。故選：B。
2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段 "Two hours before my husband came back home from another job interview, my daughter climbed up to grab a glass vase from a high shelf…My husband had banana pudding for his birthday.（就在我丈夫參加另一場工作面試回家前兩個小時，我女兒爬到一個高高的架子上，抓起一個玻璃花瓶。它掉下來摔碎在蛋糕旁邊。到處都是細(xì)小的玻璃碎片。我把蛋糕扔掉時，她大聲抽泣。我丈夫生日吃了香蕉布丁）" 可知，作者的丈夫過生日吃了香蕉布丁是因為生日蛋糕毀了。故選：A。
3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段 "The poignancy（酸楚）of Jordan retiring from his beloved basketball to play baseball and what had pushed him to make such a tough decision took me by surprise. …Neither of them chose the moment that had transformed them. …Just like us. I realized that we have to learn to leave the past behind.（Jordan從心愛的籃球退役，轉(zhuǎn)而打棒球，這是多么令人痛心的事情，是什么促使他做出如此艱難的決定，讓我感到驚訝。當(dāng)我看著他脫下籃球服，換上棒球服時，我看到他脫下了那層不再適合他的衣服，就像我們的蜥蜴一樣。他們都沒有選擇那個改變了他們的時刻。但他們必須和自己生活在一起因為一切都變了。就像我們一樣。我意識到我們必須學(xué)會把過去拋在腦后）" 以及最后一段 "Jordan said that no matter how it ends, it starts with hope. With our tender, hopeful skin, that is where we begin.（ Jordan說，不管結(jié)局如何，都是以希望開始的。用我們?nèi)崮邸⒊錆M希望的皮膚，那是我們的起點）" 可推知，作者在文章中提到The Last Dance是為了展開文章關(guān)于放手過去，重新開始的主題。故選：C。
4.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞后文 "Neither of them chose the moment that had transformed them…Just like us. I realized that we have to learn to leave the past behind.（他們都沒有選擇那個改變了他們的時刻。但他們必須和自己生活在一起因為一切都變了。就像我們一樣。我意識到我們必須學(xué)會把過去拋在腦后）" 可知，作者看著喬丹脫下籃球服，換上棒球服時，意識到看到他放開了過去，把過去拋在腦后了。即畫線詞意思是 "放開過去"。故選：A。
5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段 "Humans do not shed skin（蛻皮）as easily as other animals…I see our lizard, raw and nearly new.（人類不像其他動物那樣容易蛻皮。變革的開始令人不安。這個過程很累人。傷害在我們準(zhǔn)備好之前就改變了我們。我看到了我們生嫩的、幾乎是全新的蜥蜴）" 以及最后一段 "Jordan said that no matter how it ends, it starts with hope. With our tender, hopeful skin, that is where we begin.（Jordan說，不管結(jié)局如何，都是以希望開始的。用我們?nèi)崮邸⒊錆M希望的皮膚，那是我們的起點）" 可推知，作者最有可能想告訴我們無論發(fā)生什么，我們都應(yīng)該繼續(xù)前進(jìn)。故選：C。

（2021·3月天津卷·D篇）
There is something to be said for being a generalist, even if you are a specialist. Knowing a little about a lot of things that interest you can add to the richness of a whole, well-lived life.
Society pushes us to specialize, to become experts. This requires commitment to a particular occupation, branch of study or research. The drawback to being specialists is we often come to know more and more about less and less. There is a great deal of pressure to master one's field. You may pursue training, degrees, or increasing levels of responsibility at work. Then you discover the pressure of having to keep up.
Some people seem willing to work around the clock in their narrow specialty. But such commitment can also weaken a sense of freedom. These specialists could work at the office until ten each night, then look back and realize they would have loved to have gone home and enjoyed the sweetness of their family and friends, or traveled to exciting places, meeting interesting people. Mastering one thing to the exclusion （排除）of others can hold back your true spirit.
Generalists, on the other hand, know a lot about a wide range of subjects and view the whole with all its connections. They are people of ability, talent, and enthusiasm who can bring their broad perspective （視角）into specific fields of expertise（專長）. The doctor who is also a poet and philosopher is a superior doctor, one who can give so much more to his patients than just good medical skills.
Things are connected. Let your expertise in one field fuel your passions in all related areas. Some of your interests may not appear to be connected but, once you explore their depths, you discover that they are. My editor Toni, who is also a writer, has edited several history books. She has decided to study Chinese history. Fascinated by the structural beauty of the Forbidden City as a painter, she is equally interested to learn more about Chinese philosophy. "I don't know where it will lead, but I'm excited I'm on this pursuit."
These expansions into new worlds help us by giving us new perspectives. We begin to see the interconnectedness of one thing to another in all aspects of our life, of ourselves and the universe. Develop broad, general knowledge and experience. The universe is all yours to explore and enjoy.
1.To become a specialist, one may have to???????????.
A.narrow his range of knowledge
B.avoid responsibilities at work
C.know more about the society
D.broaden his perspective on life
2.The specialists mentioned in Paragraph 3 tend to???????????.
A.treasure their freedom
B.travel around the world
C.spend most time working
D.enjoy meeting funny people
3.According to the author, a superior doctor is one who???????????.
A.is fully aware of his talent and ability
B.is a pure specialist in medicine
C.should love poetry and philosophy
D.brings knowledge of other fields to work
4.What does the author intend to show with the example of Toni?
A.Passion alone does not ensure a person's success.
B.In-depth exploration makes discoveries possible.
C.Everyone has a chance to succeed in their pursuit.
D.Seemingly unrelated interests are in a way connected.
5.What could be the best title for the passage?
A.Be More a Generalist Than a Specialist
B.Specialist or Generalist: Hard to Decide
C.Turn a Generalist into a Specialist
D.Ways to Become a Generalist
【答案】ACDDA
【解析】本文是議論文。文章論述了要當(dāng)一個多面手，而不是當(dāng)某方面的專家。
1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段第二、三句 "This requires commitment to a particular occupation, branch of study or research. The drawback to being specialists is we often come to know more and more about less and less. （成為專家需要對特定的職業(yè)、研究領(lǐng)域的投入。成為專家的缺點是我們常常對越來越少的知識領(lǐng)域了解得越來越多。）" 可知，要成為一名專家，了解到的知識領(lǐng)域會越來越少，會縮小他的知識范圍。故選A。
2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段中提到 "Some people seem willing to work around the clock in their narrow specialty…These specialists could work at the office until ten each night, …(有些人似乎愿意在他們狹隘的專業(yè)領(lǐng)域夜以繼日地工作?！?.這些專家可以每天晚上在辦公室工作到十點。)" 可知，這些專家往往花大部分的時間在工作上。故選C。
3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段最后一句 "The doctor who is also a poet and philosopher is a superior doctor, one who can give so much more to his patients than just good medical skills.（這位既是詩人又是哲學(xué)家的醫(yī)生是一位優(yōu)秀的醫(yī)生，他能給他的病人提供比良好的醫(yī)術(shù)更多的東西。）" 可知，作者認(rèn)為一名優(yōu)秀的醫(yī)生可以將其他領(lǐng)域的知識帶到工作中。故選D。
4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第五段第一、二句 "Things are connected. Let your expertise in one field fuel your passions in all related areas. Some of your interests may not appear to be connected but, once you explore their depths, you discover that they are. （事物之間是有聯(lián)系的。讓你在一個領(lǐng)域的專長激發(fā)你在所有相關(guān)領(lǐng)域的熱情。你的一些興趣可能看起來沒有聯(lián)系，但一旦你深入探索，你就會發(fā)現(xiàn)它們是有聯(lián)系的。）" 以及下文舉出Toni的例子"My editor Toni, who is also a writer, has edited several history books. She has decided to study Chinese history. Fascinated by the structural beauty of the Forbidden City as a painter, she is equally interested to learn more about Chinese philosophy.（我的編輯Toni也是一位作家，她編輯過幾本歷史書。她已決定學(xué)習(xí)中國歷史。作為一名畫家，她癡迷于紫禁城的建筑之美，同時也對更多地了解中國哲學(xué)感興趣。)"可以推斷，作者想通過Toni的例子說明看似不相關(guān)的興趣，如果深入探索的話，在某種程度上是有聯(lián)系的。故選D。
5.最佳標(biāo)題題。文章第一段第一句提出觀點 "There is something to be said for being a generalist, even if you are a specialist. （作者提出即使你是一個專家，也應(yīng)該當(dāng)一個通才）" 。根據(jù)文章第二段第三句 "The drawback to being specialists is we often come to know more and more about less and less." 可知，成為專家的不足之處是我們常常對越來越少的知識領(lǐng)域了解得越來越深。根據(jù)文章第四段第一句 "Generalists, on the other hand, know a lot about a wide range of subjects and view the whole with all its connections." 可知，當(dāng)通才的優(yōu)點往往對廣泛的學(xué)科了解得很多，并從整體上來看其中的所有的聯(lián)系。根據(jù)上述內(nèi)容可知，作者的觀點是應(yīng)該當(dāng)一個通才。因此文章的標(biāo)題應(yīng)為 "Be More a Generalist Than a Specialist（做一個通才，而不是專家）" 。故選A。

II、2021年高考模擬試題

（2021·天津十二區(qū)縣聯(lián)考2·閱讀理解D篇）
The playing field is never even or equal. Your skills and attitude play a major role in the outcome. Knowing what you can do to have an advantage can make the difference between success and failure.
My kids tell me it's unfair to play with the big children. I tell them that's right. Unfairness is a good thing. There is more to be gained by the effort when things seem unfair. It is true that many things in the world are unfair. But unfair things usually can be a boon to you. For example, the early bird catches the worm. It is unfair that the bird that sleeps in misses out on breakfast but it is nice to know that if it gets up early it is sure to get the worm.
I always try to explain to my kids that complaining about how unfair something is will get them nowhere. Instead, make the most out of it and get on the other side of it. Once you do that you are in the advantage. Above all, you have to focus on gaining that unfair advantage and in order to do that, build your inner strength, When you empower （武裝） yourself, you are gaining skills or abilities, confidence and self-esteem （自尊）.
You should look at your place in the world. Where do you want io be financially, spiritually, emotionally, and physically ? You are creating your own story when you empower yourself.
You can build all the advantages that you need to live the life that you want. If you haven't yet, you need to make a list of all the things you want to experience in your new life. This will help you focus on building advantages so that you never have to say that it's Not Fair. When you do this then you will be able to realize that unfairness is a good thing and you will want to teach those around you to see unfairness in this way too.
1. What docs the underlined word "boon" in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A. Something that is very terrible. B. Something that is very helpful
C. Something that is very kind D. Something that is very scared
2. What can we infer from the example of the playing field used by the author?
A. The author wants to introduce his topic
B. The author wants to support his opinion
C. He wants tell us that having an advantage is needed
D. He wants to show skills and attitudes are important in playing games
3. What is the best way to deal with unfairness according to the author?
A. Just accept it. B. Thy to change it.
C. Simply ignore it. D. Make good use of it.
4. You are told to look at your place in the world in order to ________.
A. make yourself better B. be proud of yourself
C. have more confidence D. know others' advantages
5. What is the text mainly about?
A. The way to live a happy life. B. The right attitude to unfairness.
C. Being patient enough to succeed. D. Staying calm when treated badly.
【答案】BADAB
【解析】這是一篇夾敘夾議文。主要講述對待不公平的正確態(tài)度。
1.詞句猜測題。由文章第二段中的轉(zhuǎn)折詞“But”可知，劃線詞應(yīng)是褒義的，再結(jié)合下文“For example, the early bird catches the worm.（例如，早起的鳥兒有蟲吃）”，說明劃線詞應(yīng)是指“有幫助的”意思。故選B項。
2.推理判斷題。由文章第一段“The playing field is never even or equal. Your skills and attitude play a major role in the outcome. Knowing what you can do to have an advantage can make the difference between success and failure.（競技場從來就不是平等的。你的技能和態(tài)度對結(jié)果起著重要作用。知道你可以做什么來獲得優(yōu)勢可以決定成功和失?。笨芍恼率锥蔚哪康膽?yīng)是引出話題。故選A項。
3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第三段“I always try to explain to my kids that complaining about how unfair something is will get them nowhere. Instead, make the most out of it and get on the other side of it. Once you do that you are in the advantage.（我總是試圖向我的孩子們解釋，抱怨某件事是多么的不公平，對他們沒有任何好處。相反，你應(yīng)該充分利用它，站在它的另一面（考慮）。一旦你這樣做了，你就處于優(yōu)勢了）”可知，在作者看來充分利用不公平是對待不公平本身最好的方法。故選D項。
4.推理判斷題。由文章第四段“You should look at your place in the world. Where do you want io be financially, spiritually, emotionally, and physically ? You are creating your own story when you empower yourself.（你應(yīng)該看看你在世界上的位置。你想在經(jīng)濟(jì)上、精神上、情感上和身體上處于什么位置？當(dāng)你賦予自己力量時，你正在創(chuàng)造自己的故事）”以及第五段“You can build all the advantages that you need to live the life that you want.（你可以建立所有你需要的優(yōu)勢，過上你想要的生活）”可知，看清你在這個世界上的位置是為了讓你變得更好。故選A項。
5.主旨大意題。由文章第五段“When you do this then you will be able to realize that unfairness is a good thing and you will want to teach those around you to see unfairness in this way too.（當(dāng)你這樣做的時候，你就會意識到不公平是一件好事，你也會想要教會你周圍的人以這種方式看待不公平）” 結(jié)合文章主要圍繞對待不公的正確態(tài)度展開可知，B項表述正確。故選B項。

（2021·寶坻區(qū)三?！ら喿x理解D篇）
Those with closed minds refused to consider any contradictory facts, and they proceed with their planned course of action, full speed ahead, with their “minds made up” and tightly shut. As an illustration, consider the situation in 1986, prior to the space shuttle Challenger’s disatrous launch that killed all seven astronauts aboard, there was a heated telephone debate between two engineers from the company that produced the shuttle booster rockets and the top officials of NASA (the federal government’s space agency). The engineers insisted that the flight was too risky because of freezing temperature at the Florida launch site. They explained that some of the seals on the fuel tanks were not designed to withstand such low temperatures and might leak under pressure, thus endangering the craft and crew.
Despite the pleas to stop the flight, officials at NASA overruled the engineers, who were best qualified to make judgments about the complex technical problems of space flight. What caused the officials to ignore the engineers? Several flights had already been postponed, and it would not look good to postpone another. It would be bad public relations to disappoint the crowds of people and news reporters waiting for the launch. Top government officials were ready to appear on the national television and take the credit for another safe flight. As a result, with their minds absolutely closed to the facts presented by the engineers, NASA officials ordered the Challenger to take off. Seventy-three seconds later, the spacecraft was enveloped in flame.
Incredibly, seventeen years later, the lesson of the Challenger disaster was repeated. In 2003, the space shuttle Columbia broke apart while re-entering the earth’s atmosphere, killing another crew of seven. During the shuttle’s liftoff, a piece of foam insulation(泡沫隔熱材料) had broken off, hitting the shuttle's wing at five hundred miles per hour. Lower-level engineers at NASA begged for photographs of the Columbia in orbit, which might have shown the extent of the damage, but their closed-minded superiors ignored their requests. It was the damage caused by the 1.7 pound chunk of insulation that doomed the Columbia.
There is no virtue in ignoring contradictory facts and “sticking to your guns” when the course taken shows all the signs of being the wrong one. Closed minds are especially noticeable in political campaigns and debates. Many people line up to support one candidate or another and won’t listen to any facts presented by the opposing candidate.
All those with an open mind say is this: “I don’t know everything, so I’d better keep my mind, eyes, and ears open to any new facts that may come along.” The world would be a much better and safer place if everyone had this attitude.
1. Which of the following brought about the disastrous launch of the Challenger?
A. Its crew B. The engineers
C. The fuel tanks’ seals D. The size of its rocket
2. When the engineers appealed to stop the launch of the Challenger, the government officials ___________.
A. postponed the flight at once.
B. made judgments about the complex technical problems.
C. announced the news on national television.
D. ordered to launch the Challenger as scheduled.
3. What could be inferred from Paragraph 3?
A. The Columbia disaster was impossible to foresee.
B. Engineers were to blame for the Columbia’s explosion.
C. The Columbia disaster could have been avoided.
D. The Columbia was deliberately damaged.
4. What does the underlined phrase “sticking to your guns” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A. Holding firm to your own opinion.
B. Remaining and firing your gun at enemies.
C. Strengthening your status.
D. Keeping an open mind.
5. What is the main purpose of the passage?
A. To inform readers about what an open mind is.
B. To entertain readers with two stories of tragedies in space.
C. To persuade readers to keep an open mind.
D. To criticize what NASA officials had done in aerospace history.
6. How does the author support the argument of the passage?
A. By stating arguments. B. By giving examples.
C. By explaining statistical data. D. By providing research result.
【答案】CDCACB
【解析】本文是一篇議論文。主要講述的是封閉的人，不考慮任何矛盾的事實，堅決地、嚴(yán)守秘密地按照計劃行事，全速前進(jìn)。文中用1986年“挑戰(zhàn)者”號航天飛機(jī)遇難以及2003年，哥倫比亞號航天飛機(jī)在重返地球大氣層時解體來說明這種觀點帶來的嚴(yán)重后果，并呼吁人們大家對任何可能出現(xiàn)的新事實持開放的態(tài)度，如果每個人都有這樣的態(tài)度，世界將會變得更加美好和安全。
1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“?They explained that some of the seals on the fuel tanks were not designed to withstand such low temperatures and might leak under pressure, thus endangering the craft and crew.” 他們解釋說，燃料箱上的一些密封裝置不能承受如此低的溫度，在壓力下可能會泄漏，從而危及飛船和船員。可知是油箱密封造成了挑戰(zhàn)者號的災(zāi)難。故選C。
2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“As a result, with their minds absolutely closed to the facts presented by the engineers, NASA officials ordered the Challenger to take off. Seventy-three seconds later, the spacecraft was enveloped in flame.” 結(jié)果，NASA的官員們完全不考慮工程師們提供的事實，命令挑戰(zhàn)者號起飛。73秒后，宇宙飛船被火焰包圍?？芍钦賳T命令挑戰(zhàn)者號如期發(fā)射。故選D項。
3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Incredibly, seventeen years later, the lesson of the Challenger disaster was repeated.?” 令人難以置信的是，17年后，挑戰(zhàn)者號災(zāi)難的教訓(xùn)再次出現(xiàn)。和本段的“Lower-level engineers at NASA begged for photographs of the Columbia in orbit, which might have shown the extent of the damage, but their closed-minded superiors ignored their requests. It was the damage caused by the 1.7 pound chunk of insulation that doomed the Columbia.” NASA的低層工程師們要求獲得哥倫比亞號在軌道上的照片，這樣可以顯示損壞的程度，但他們頭腦封閉的上級忽略了他們的要求。正是這塊1.7磅重的絕緣材料造成的損壞導(dǎo)致了哥倫比亞號的失事?？芍瑯邮穷^腦封閉的上級忽略了低層工程師的要求，即如果上級對任何可能出現(xiàn)的新事實持開放的態(tài)度，本次事故本可以避免。故選C項。
4.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)文章第一段“when the course taken shows all the signs of being the wrong one.”當(dāng)所采取的路線顯示出所有錯誤的跡象時；以及上句“There is no virtue in ignoring contradictory facts?”忽視相互矛盾的事實是沒有好處的，劃線部分和本句由and并列，故應(yīng)和“忽視相互矛盾的事實”意義相近，故A項（固執(zhí)己見）符合題意，故選A項。
5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“All those with an open mind say is this: “I don’t know everything, so I’d better keep my mind, eyes, and ears open to any new facts that may come along.” The world would be a much better and safer place if everyone had this attitude.”所有心態(tài)開放的人都會說：我不是什么都知道，所以我最好保持我的頭腦，眼睛和耳朵開放，以接受任何可能出現(xiàn)的新事實。如果每個人都有這樣的態(tài)度，世界將會變得更加美好和安全。故文章主要是說服讀者要保持開放的心態(tài)。故選C項。
6.推理判斷題。通讀文章第一段“As an illustration, consider the situation in 1986, prior to the space shuttle Challenger’s disastrous launch that killed all seven astronauts aboard, there was a heated telephone debate between two engineers from the company that produced the shuttle booster rockets and the top officials of NASA (the federal government s space agency).”作為一個例子,考慮這種情況，1986年代“挑戰(zhàn)者”號航天飛機(jī)發(fā)射前,機(jī)上七名宇航員全部遇難,有兩個工程師之間的爭論激烈的電話產(chǎn)生助推火箭和航天飛機(jī)的公司的高層官員NASA(聯(lián)邦政府年代航天局)。以及文章的第三段“Incredibly, seventeen years later, the lesson of the Challenger disaster was repeated. In 2003, the space shuttle Columbia broke apart while re-entering the earth s atmosphere, killing another crew of seven.”令人難以置信的是，17年后，挑戰(zhàn)者號災(zāi)難的教訓(xùn)再次出現(xiàn)。2003年，哥倫比亞號航天飛機(jī)在重返地球大氣層時解體，造成另外7名機(jī)組人員死亡。可知文章是通過舉例支持文章的論點。故選B項。

（2021·和平區(qū)三?！ら喿x理解B篇）
Recently, I was talking with a friend of mine about a mutual (有相同關(guān)系的) friend of ours. "I wish I could be like Jenny. She always seems so happy. I'm mot joking; I honestly think she has the perfect life," said my friend.
If you were to look at the Instagram account of Jenny, you would indeed see what looks like the perfect life.
However, despite the enviable content of her Instagram, I learned through conversations with this girl that it was. all carefully handled. Everything was put together to maintain the public image that she was a happy-go-lucky, carefree (無憂無慮的) girl. When she was sad or upset, there was no indication of these emotions on her Instagram.
In fact, we all choose our online media presence. Look through your Instagram — I bet that you don't post pictures where you don't feel camera-ready. On Instagram, we always show our “good side”. Think about it. Would you rather post “I tried so hard but I ended up failing my test55 or “I treated myself to a hot coffee after studying hard all week”?
We all want to present the best parts of our lives, to show what's going well, and what we're proud of. We take photos of the nice things we own, or of any sorts of events considered “special”, such as invite-only or formal parties. We post photos of the good times rather than the bad times. No matter what happens, we try to make our online image perfect.
There's absolutely nothing wrong with making your online presence perfect-everyone' does it in some way or another. However, when it comes to feeling envious of someone else's Instagram posts, remember that just like you, they're showing their good side.
1. What's Jenny's life like indeed?
A. Her life is always full of sadness.
B. Her life is boring and meaningless.
C. She lives a perfect and meaningful life.
D. She lives an ordinary life just like others'.
2. What does the author consider common?
A. That people love reading posts online.
B. That people hide their bad side online.
C. That people want to please others online.
D. That people dream of living a perfect life.
3. Which of the following statements would the author agree with?
A. We should stop reading online stories.
B. We should always show our good side.
C. We shouldn't perfect our online image.
D. We shouldn't envy others' online presence.
4. What does the author think of the make-up perfect life online?
A. There is nothing wrong to cheat people online.
B. Showing good side online is quite vital in daily life.
C. It is rather natural for people to make perfect online presence.
D. Feeling envious of someone\ perfect life online should be encouraged.
5. Where is the text mast probably taken from?
A. A professor's speech. B. A survey of people's life.
C. A personal online account. D. An entertainment magazine.
【答案】DBDCB
【解析】這是一篇議論文。文章主要論述了當(dāng)今大家的朋友圈都只發(fā)自己好的一面，人們沒必要羨慕別人朋友圈的生活，因為這些朋友圈都是刻意完美化的。
1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“However, despite the perfect content of her Wechat，I learned through a conversation with this girl that it was all carefully handled. (然而，盡管她的朋友圈很完美，但我通過與這個女孩的交談得知，這一切都是經(jīng)過精心效處理的)”以及 “When she was sad or upset, there was no indication of these emotions on her Instagram. (當(dāng)她傷心或難過時，她的Instagram沒有這些情緒的證據(jù))”可知，Jenny真實生活里有喜也有悲，是平平淡淡普通的生活。故選D。
2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Look through your Instagram — I bet that you don't post pictures where you don't feel camera-ready. On Instagram, we always show our “good side”.(看看你的Instagram——我打賭你不會在感覺不適合拍照的地方發(fā)照片。在Instagram上，我們總是展示我們“好的一面”)”可知，作者認(rèn)為人們在網(wǎng)上都把自己糟糕的一面隱藏了。故選B。
3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后—段中“However, when it comes to feeling envious of someone else's Instagram posts, remember that just like you, they're showing their good side. (但是當(dāng)要羨慕別人的Instagram時，請記住，就像你—樣，他們也只表現(xiàn)出了自己的好—面)”可知，作者認(rèn)為我們沒必要羨慕別人在網(wǎng)上表現(xiàn)出來的樣子。故選D。
4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句“There's absolutely nothing wrong with making your online presence perfect-everyone' does it in some way or another(讓你的網(wǎng)絡(luò)形象完美絕對沒有錯，每個人都會以某種方式做到這一點).”可知，作者認(rèn)為在網(wǎng)上表現(xiàn)完美是沒有錯的，是自然的。故選C。
5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“We all want to present the best parts of our lives, to show what's going well, and what we're proud of. (我們每個人都想表現(xiàn)出生命中最美好的時光，展示我們引以為傲的事物)”及最后一段中“However, when it comes to feeling envious of someone else's Instagram posts, remember that just like you, they're showing their good side. (但是當(dāng)要羨慕別人的Instagram時，請記住，就像你—樣，他們也只表現(xiàn)出了自己的好—面)”并結(jié)合全文理解可知，這篇文章主要論述了當(dāng)今大家的朋友圈都只發(fā)自己好的一面，人們沒必要羨慕別人朋友圈的生活，因為這些朋友圈都是刻意完美化的。因此這篇文章最有可能是從關(guān)于人們生活的調(diào)查中取材的。故選B。

（2021·和平區(qū)三模·閱讀理解D篇）
Last week, my younger brother visited me for five days, To ensure I could spend as much time with him as possible, I worked extra hard during the weekend before he arrived.
It amazed me how much I could accomplish when I had a strong motivation to be efficient During the week, I put in a couple of hours in the mornings to handle pressing issues and then spent the afternoons and evenings going out with him. Once again, I was surprised to realize just how much free time was available to me if I consciously chose to be more effective while working. This made me think of Parkinson's Law: Work expands to fill the time available for its completion.
I realized then that I'd given myself more time than necessary for work, and as a result, I ended up spending lot of toe procrastinating （拖延）and entertaining myself online.
How might things change for me, I wondered, it I chose to commit to more social and recreational （休閑娛樂）activities, made them priorities(優(yōu)先事項）and was motivated to finish work quicker?
I realize not everyone has flexibility in their work schedules, but 1 believe we could all create more time for ourselves if we were motivated to cut out the choices that don't match our strongest desires and intentions. Maybe It's zoning out in front of the TV or searching the web. If there's one thing that's consumed my time the most, it's researching how I actually want to spend it.
I believe what English musician John Lennon said is true: Time that you enjoyed wasting was not wasted. I don't think there's anything wrong with using technology if We've consciously chosen to do it.
However, we owe it to ourselves to get out in the world and explore different possibilities -to be playful curious, engaged and just to be.
Perhaps it would be easier to do that if we asked ourselves: How can I be more effective? Can I minimize what I am currently doing? How can I start using the time I've created in a way that will excite and inspire me?
1. How did the author feel when she finished her work in advance?
A. Guilty. B. Exhausted. C. Stressed. D. Surprised.
2. What does the underlined word “this” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A. The change in her work efficiency.
B. Ways of dealing with pressing issues.
C. Her working motivation to be different
D. The time spent with her younger brother.
3. What does the author advise us to do to make more time for ourselves?
A. Commit to more personal activities.
B. Get your priorities right with your work.
C. Create a tight work schedule for ourselves.
D. Ddn’t waste time on technology for any reason.
4 What is the author's main purpose in writing this article?
A. To explain what Parkinson's Law is.
B. To reflect on better time management.
C. To introduce how to balance work and life.
D. To show the importance of accompanying family members.
5. Which of the following is best title for the text?
A. Creating More Time.
B. Living Life to the Fullest
C. Skills for Doing Work Effectively
D. Relationship Influences Work Performance
【答案】DABBC
【解析】這是一篇夾敘夾議文。文中作者結(jié)合自身經(jīng)歷，意識到當(dāng)自己強(qiáng)烈渴望提高效率時，往往可以在很短的時間內(nèi)完成許多事情，從而引發(fā)了作者對于如何更有效地進(jìn)行時間管理的反思。
1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“It amazed me how much I could accomplish when I had a strong motivation to be efficient.(當(dāng)我有強(qiáng)烈的動力去提高效率的時候，我能完成那么多的事情讓我感到驚訝)”以及 “Once again, I was surprised to realize just how much free time was available to me if I consciously chose to be more effective while working.(我再一次驚訝地意識到，如果我有意識地選擇在工作時更有效率，那我能有更多空閑時間)”可知，作者對于自己能在更短的時間內(nèi)完成工作感到驚奇，故選D。
2.詞句猜測題。上文“Once again, I was surprised to realize just how much free time was available to me if I consciously chose to be more effective while working.”說明，我再一次驚訝地意識到，如果我有意識地選擇在工作時更有效率，那我能有更多空閑時間，this指代上文提到的事情，結(jié)合劃線句“This made me think of Parkinson's Law: Work expands to fill the time available for its completion.( (這讓我想到了帕金森氏定律：工作的擴(kuò)展是為了填滿完成工作所需的時間))”可推斷，作者工作效率的變化讓她想到了帕金森定律。this指代“工作效率的改變”，故選A。
3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第四段中“I realize not everyone has flexible work schedules, but I believe we could all create more time for ourselves if we were motivated to cut out the choices that don't match our strongest desires and intentions.(我知道不是每個人都有靈活的工作時間，但我相信，如果我們有動力放棄那些不符合我們最強(qiáng)烈愿望和意圖的選擇，我們都可以為自己創(chuàng)造更多的時間)”可知，作者建議我們專注于最重要的任務(wù)，忽略不重要的事情，來為自己騰出更多的時間。故選B。
4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Perhaps it would be easier to do that if we asked ourselves: How can I be more effective? Can I minimize what I am currently doing? How can I start using the time I've created in a way that will excite and inspire me?(也許，如果我們捫心自問：我怎樣才能更有效率？我能把我正在做的事情最小化嗎？我怎樣開始利用我所創(chuàng)造的時間，讓我感到興奮和鼓舞？)”結(jié)合文中作者結(jié)合自身經(jīng)歷，意識到當(dāng)自己強(qiáng)烈渴望提高效率時，往往可以在很短的時間內(nèi)完成許多事情，從而引發(fā)了作者對于如何更有效地進(jìn)行時間管理的反思?？赏浦髡邔戇@篇文章的主要目的是反思更好的時間管理。故選B。
5.主旨大意題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段的“I believe what English musician John Lennon said is true: Time that you enjoyed wasting was not wasted.( 我相信英國音樂家約翰·列農(nóng)說的是真的：你喜歡浪費的時間并沒有浪費)”以及最后一段的“Perhaps it would be easier to do that if we asked ourselves: How can I be more effective? Can I minimize what I am currently doing? How can I start using the time I've created in a way that will excite and inspire me?(也許，如果我們捫心自問：我怎樣才能更有效率？我能把我正在做的事情最小化嗎？我怎樣開始利用我所創(chuàng)造的時間，讓我感到興奮和鼓舞？)”結(jié)合文章講述的作者的自身經(jīng)歷，可知，文章主要講述了作者意識到當(dāng)自己強(qiáng)烈渴望提高效率時，往往可以在很短的時間內(nèi)完成許多事情，這引發(fā)了作者對于如何更有效地進(jìn)行時間管理的反思。因此推斷C項“Skills for Doing Work Effectively（有效地開展工作的技能）”為最佳標(biāo)題。故選C。

（2021·北大附中三?！ら喿x理解D篇）
In 1953, when visiting his daughter’s maths class, the Harvard psychologist B.F. Skinner found every pupil learning the same topic in the same way at the same speed. Later, he built his first “teaching machine”, which let children tackle questions at their own pace. Since then, education technology (edtech) has repeated the cycle of hype and flop (炒作和失敗), even as computers have reshaped almost every other part of life.
Softwares to “personalize” learning can help hundreds of millions of children stuck in miserable classes—but only if edtech supporters can resist the temptation to revive harmful ideas about how children learn. Alternatives have so far failed to teach so many children as efficiently as the conventional model of schooling, where classrooms, hierarchical year-groups, standardized curriculums and fixed timetables are still the typical pattern for most of the world’s nearly 1.5 billion schoolchildren. Under this pattern, too many do not reach their potential. That condition remained almost unchanged over the past 15 years, though billions have been spent on IT in schools during that period.
What really matters then? The answer is how edtech is used. One way it can help is through tailor-made instruction. Reformers think edtech can put individual attention within reach of all pupils. The other way edtech can aid learning is by making schools more productive. In California schools, instead of textbooks, pupils have “playlists”, which they use to access online lessons and take tests. The software assesses children’s progress, lightening teachers’ marking load and allowing them to focus on other tasks. A study suggested that children in early adopters of this model score better in tests than their peers at other schools.
Such innovation is welcome. But making the best of edtech means getting several things right. First, “personalized learning” must follow the evidence on how children learn. It must not be an excuse to revive pseudoscientific ideas such as “l(fā)earning styles”: the theory that each child has a particular way of taking in information. This theory gave rise to government-sponsored schemes like Brain Gym, which claimed that some pupils should stretch or bend while doing sums. A less consequential falsehood is that technology means children do not need to learn facts or learn from a teacher—instead they can just use Google. Some educationalists go further, arguing that facts get in the way of skills such as creativity. Actually, the opposite is true. According to studies, most effective ways of boosting learning nearly all relied on the craft of a teacher.
Second, edtech must narrow, rather than widen, inequalities in education. Here there are grounds for optimism. Some of the pioneering schools are private ones in Silicon Valley. But many more are run by charter-school groups teaching mostly poor pupils, where laggards (成績落后者) make the most progress relative to their peers in normal classes. A similar pattern can be observed outside America.
Third, the potential for edtech will be realized only if teachers embrace it. They are right to ask for evidence that products work. But skepticism should not turn into irrational opposition. Given what edtech promises today, closed-mindedness has no place in the classroom.
1. According to the passage, education technology can ________.
A. decrease teachers’ working load
B. facilitate personalized learning
C help standardize curriculums
D. be loved by schoolchildren
2. Which example best argues against the underlined sentence in Para. 4?
A. The students who are better at memorization tend to be less creative.
B. Schools with bans on phones have better results than high-tech ones.
C. Shakespeare was trained in grammar but he penned many great plays.
D. Lu Xun’s creativity was unlocked after he gave up studying medicine.
3. The author believes that edtech functions well only when it is ________.
A. at the service of teaching
B. limited in use among pupils
C. aimed at narrowing the wealth gap
D. in line with students’ learning styles
4. What is the main purpose of the passage?
A. To stress the importance of edtech.
B. To introduce the application of edtech.
C. To discuss how to get the best out of edtech.
D. To appeal for more open-mindedness to edtech.
【答案】BCCC
【解析】這是一篇議論文。文章講述了“個性化”學(xué)習(xí)軟件可以幫助數(shù)以億計陷入悲慘課堂的孩子，但如何使用edtech（教育科技）是個問題，文章就如何充分利用edtech展開了討論。
1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段中的“Later, he built his first “teaching machine”, which let children tackle questions at their own pace. (后來，他建造了第一臺“教學(xué)機(jī)器”，讓孩子們按照自己的節(jié)奏解決問題。)”和第二段中的“Softwares to “personalize” learning can help hundreds of millions of children stuck in miserable classes—but only if edtech supporters can resist the temptation to revive harmful ideas about how children learn. (“個性化”學(xué)習(xí)軟件可以幫助數(shù)以億計陷入悲慘課堂的孩子，但前提是edtech的支持者能夠抵制住重新喚起關(guān)于孩子如何學(xué)習(xí)的有害想法的誘惑。)”可知，教育技術(shù)（edtech）可以讓孩子們按照自己的節(jié)奏解決問題，促進(jìn)個性化學(xué)習(xí)。故選B項。
2.推理判斷題。由第四段中的“A less consequential falsehood is that technology means children do not need to learn facts or learn from a teacher—instead they can just use Google. Some educationalists go further, arguing that facts get in the way of skills such as creativity. Actually, the opposite is true. According to studies, most effective ways of boosting learning nearly all relied on the craft of a teacher. (一個不那么重要的謬誤是，科技意味著孩子們不需要學(xué)習(xí)事實或向老師學(xué)習(xí)，相反，他們可以直接使用谷歌。一些教育家更進(jìn)一步，認(rèn)為事實妨礙了諸如創(chuàng)造力之類的技能。事實上，恰恰相反。根據(jù)研究，促進(jìn)學(xué)習(xí)的最有效方法幾乎都依賴于教師的技能。)”可知，一些教育家認(rèn)為學(xué)習(xí)事實或向老師學(xué)習(xí)會妨礙創(chuàng)造力，但研究表明，學(xué)習(xí)事實或向老師學(xué)習(xí)技能有助于促進(jìn)學(xué)習(xí)，C項“莎士比亞受過語法訓(xùn)練，但他寫了許多偉大的戲劇”體現(xiàn)了事實技能學(xué)習(xí)并不會妨礙創(chuàng)造力。故選C項。
3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由倒數(shù)第二段中的“Second, edtech must narrow, rather than widen, inequalities in education. Here there are grounds for optimism. Some of the pioneering schools are private ones in Silicon Valley. But many more are run by charter-school groups teaching mostly poor pupils, where laggards (成績落后者) make the most progress relative to their peers in normal classes. (其次，edtech必須縮小而不是擴(kuò)大教育不平等。這里有樂觀的理由。一些開創(chuàng)性的學(xué)校是硅谷的私立學(xué)校。但更多的學(xué)校是由特許學(xué)校組織的，主要教授貧困學(xué)生，在這些學(xué)校里，相對于普通班的同齡人，落后學(xué)生取得的進(jìn)步最大。)”可知，有貴族式私立學(xué)校，也有教授貧困學(xué)生的普通學(xué)校，因此作者認(rèn)為edtech要有用，就需要edtech縮小教育上的貧富差距。故選C項。
4.主旨大意題。第一段用哈佛心理學(xué)家B.F. Skinner的故事引入“教育技術(shù)（edtech）”，第二段講“教育技術(shù)（edtech）能促進(jìn)個性化學(xué)習(xí)，但效果不如傳統(tǒng)的學(xué)校教育模式那樣有效地教育那么多的兒童”，第三段講“如何使用edtech的方法——通過量身定做的指導(dǎo)學(xué)習(xí)”，第四段講“如何充分利用edtech——第一、個性化學(xué)習(xí)必須遵循兒童如何學(xué)習(xí)的證據(jù)”，第五段講“如何充分利用edtech——第二、縮小教育上的貧富差距”，最后一段講“如何充分利用edtech——只有教師接受教育技術(shù)，教育技術(shù)的潛力才能實現(xiàn)”，可知文章主要就edtech展開討論，討論了如何充分利用edtech。故選C項。

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