Mr. Smith is very busy because he runs several cmpanies①.He wrks seven days① a week and 12 mnths② a year.In his spare time he likes watching ftball matches③.He likes eating tmates④ but he desn't eat vegetables with leaves⑤.He has tw pet hrses⑥ and he ften rides them with his friends n Mr. Black's farm⑦ because he thinks the scenery f the farm⑧ is very beautiful.
1.可數(shù)名詞變復(fù)數(shù)①以輔音字母加-y結(jié)尾的名詞,變-y為-i加-es;以元音字母加-y結(jié)尾的名詞,加-s。②以-th結(jié)尾的名詞加-s。③以-s,-x,-ch,-sh結(jié)尾的名詞后加-es(如果詞尾-ch發(fā)音為/k/,要加-s,如stmach)。④以-結(jié)尾加-es 的單詞有:英雄(heres)吃土豆(ptates)番茄(tmates),其他多直接加-s。⑤以-f或-fe結(jié)尾的詞,多變-f或-fe為-v,再加-es。但也有直接加-s的單詞,如:屋頂(rf)上的首領(lǐng)(chief)有信仰(belief)。⑥更多的可數(shù)名詞是直接加-s。
2.名詞作定語往往是說明其中名詞的材料、用途、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、內(nèi)容、類別等。多為單數(shù)名詞作定語,但wman,man作定語時(shí),要用復(fù)數(shù)形式表達(dá)復(fù)數(shù)概念。3.名詞的所有格⑦有生命名詞,不以-s結(jié)尾的名詞加-'s;以-s結(jié)尾的單數(shù)名詞和復(fù)數(shù)名詞都加-'。⑧無生命名詞,通常用f所有格表示。⑨雙重所有格的構(gòu)成形式為:“名詞+f+名詞所有格”或者“名詞+f+名詞性物主代詞”。
1.不規(guī)則變化的名詞復(fù)數(shù)(1)通過內(nèi)部元音變化構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)。如:ft—feet腳 gse—geese鵝 tth—teeth牙齒muse—mice老鼠 man—men男人wman—wmen女人(2)有些名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同。如:sheep—sheep綿羊deer—deer鹿
Chinese—Chinese中國人Japanese—Japanese日本人means—means方法series—series系列species—species物種(3)有的名詞在詞尾加-ren或-en構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)。如:child—children 孩子x—xen 公牛
(4)由man,wman構(gòu)成的復(fù)合名詞在變成復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),與man,wman的變化形式相同。如:gentleman—gentlemen先生Englishman—Englishmen英國男子pliceman—plicemen男警察chairwman—chairwmen女主席businessman—businessmen商人craftsman—craftsmen工匠,手藝人注意:German的復(fù)數(shù)形式為Germans。
(5)外來詞的不規(guī)則復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:analysis—analyses分析 basis—bases基礎(chǔ) crisis—crises危機(jī) thesis—theses論文 medium—media媒介物 phenmenn—phenmena現(xiàn)象
2.復(fù)合名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)變化(1)中間沒有連字符也沒有間隔的復(fù)合名詞將最后一個(gè)詞變成復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:birthday—birthdays生日 blackbard—blackbards黑板 bkshelf—bkshelves書架 gentleman—gentlemen紳士
(2)中間有連字符或間隔的復(fù)合名詞將其中主要的詞變成復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:bk wrm—bk wrms sn-in-law—sns-in-law lker-n—lkers-n passer-by—passers-by stry-teller—stry-tellers(3)無主體名詞時(shí)通常在最后一個(gè)詞后加復(fù)數(shù)詞尾。如:grwn-up—grwn-ups standby—standbys
3.名詞所有格的特殊形式(1)并列的名詞變所有格時(shí),若表示不同的所有關(guān)系,則分別在兩個(gè)名詞后加-'s;如果表示共有關(guān)系,則只在最后一個(gè)名詞后加-'s。如:Kate and Mary's rm凱特和瑪麗共有的房間Kate's and Mary's rms凱特和瑪麗各自的房間(2)表示店鋪或某人的家時(shí),名詞所有格之后的shp,huse,hme等常省去。如:at the dctr's (ffice)在(醫(yī)生的)診所里at the barber's (shp)在理發(fā)店at Mr. Green's (huse)在格林先生家
單句語法填空①(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) Yu and yur partner will prbably have different _________ (skill).②(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) All the ______________ (assignment) will be submitted by the assigned date thrugh Blackbard, ur nline learning and curse management system.③(2022·全國甲卷) The New Theatre has been the hme f quality drama, musicals, dance and ______________ (children) shws fr mre than 100 years.
assignments
children's
④(2022·全國乙卷) That can be dangerus wrk that culd be avided with drnes assisting the __________ (crew) effrts.⑤(2022·全國乙卷) Csts wuld be cut and _____________ (perate) wuld be mre efficient acrss the bard.⑥(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) My husband, ur children and I have had wnderful camping ______________ (experience) ver the past ten years.⑦(2021·全國乙卷) _____________ (activity) there range frm whale watching t hiking (遠(yuǎn)足) and accmmdatins aim t have a lw impact n the natural envirnment.
experiences
Activities
⑧(2021·浙江卷) During the training stage, each dg was shwn nly the upper half r the lwer half f the ____________ (persn) face.
二、不可數(shù)名詞?T learn mre knwledge①,I have t d lts f hmewrk① every day and have n time① t have fun② r d husewrk①.Last week we had an exam but I didn't perfrm well. Hwever,my teacher said that I had made great prgress②.S this exam is nt a failure③.On the cntrary,it is a success③ in a way.
①不可數(shù)名詞沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式,也不能與不定冠詞連用。②fun,weather,prgress,advice,infrmatin為永久性不可數(shù)名詞,前面不能加不定冠詞,也不能具體化。③抽象名詞具體化:?表示情感情緒等的抽象名詞強(qiáng)調(diào)具體的人或事的時(shí)候,可以在前面加不定冠詞,如a surprise,a cmfrt,a must等。?表示“一……”的概念時(shí),常與動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成詞組,名詞前常常有形容詞。如have a gd time,have a gd knwledge/cmmand f,a sense f pride 等。
不可以用數(shù)目計(jì)算,多為物質(zhì)名詞或抽象名詞,沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式,常見的不可數(shù)名詞有:
單句改錯(cuò)①What a fun it is t have a get-tgether in such a place!______________②Oh,Jhn,what pleasant surprise yu gave us!____________③He gave us sme advices n hw t study English.____________________
advices→advice
④He felt that he needed mre knwledges abut imprt and exprt.__________________________⑤I need a wrk t supprt myself,fr I can't always depend n my parents.________
knwledges→knwledge
1.根據(jù)所處位置判斷是否填入名詞形式。如謂語動(dòng)詞之前后、介詞之后、形容詞之后、冠詞或數(shù)詞之后。2.單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞不能單獨(dú)使用,要與冠詞、指示代詞、不定代詞等連用,否則就用復(fù)數(shù)形式表示復(fù)數(shù)含義。3.注意固定短語中名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。4.注意名詞應(yīng)該與其修飾語保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致。5.不可數(shù)名詞沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式,不能與不定冠詞連用。
Mister Smith is 60① years ld and yesterday was his 60th② birthday.He still remembers in the 1990s③ when he was in his thirties③,he drank dzens f④ bttles f beer a day.Hwever,he spent thusands f④ dllars in hspital.Later,tw fifths⑤ f his spare time was spent in taking exercise.①數(shù)詞的基本形式為基數(shù)詞。②表示數(shù)詞的順序往往用序數(shù)詞。大部分是在基數(shù)詞的基礎(chǔ)上加-th。以-y結(jié)尾的基數(shù)詞變序數(shù)詞,把-y變成-ie+-th。
③“in the+逢十的基數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)”表示“在某個(gè)世紀(jì)幾十年代”?!癷n ne's+逢十的基數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)”表示“在某人幾十多歲時(shí)”。④具體數(shù)字+dzen/scre/hundred/thusand/millin 等詞時(shí),后面直接加名詞復(fù)數(shù);表示籠統(tǒng)數(shù)目時(shí),用dzens/scres/hundreds/thusands/ millins f+名詞復(fù)數(shù)。⑤分?jǐn)?shù)表達(dá):分子用基數(shù)詞,分母用序數(shù)詞。當(dāng)分子大于1時(shí),分母序數(shù)詞加-s,如1/3:ne third,2/3:tw thirds。
1.易錯(cuò)基數(shù)詞thirteen十三 furteen十四 fifteen十五 eighteen十八 nineteen十九 twenty二十 thirty三十 frty四十 fifty五十 ninety九十2.易錯(cuò)序數(shù)詞first第一 secnd第二 third第三 furth第四 fifth第五 eighth第八 ninth第九 eleventh第十一 twelfth第十二
單句語法填空①(2022·全國甲卷)After ur ________ (three) run Andrew shut dwn the engine, and we went ur separate ways — he fr a lunch break, I t explre the city.②(2022·全國甲卷)Nw, Ca has started the _________ (tw) part f his dream t walk alng the Belt and Rad rute.③(2022·全國乙卷)Can a small grup f drnes guarantee the safety and reliability f railways and, at the same time, help railway peratrs save ___________ (billin) f eurs each year?
④Peter gt a mdel ship frm his uncle n his _____________(thirteen) birthday.⑤Tw _________(three) f the students in ur class have been t Disneyland smewhere.⑥Linda,there are t many mistakes in the ________(nine) line f yur passage.⑦He made quite a few friends during his ___________(twenty).⑧It is reprted that the earthquake has left ____________(thusand) f peple hmeless.
1.需要使用數(shù)詞時(shí),要先看清是使用該詞的基數(shù)詞形式還是序數(shù)詞形式。2.使用序數(shù)詞時(shí),注意前面一般要有定冠詞the。3.注意固定用法中的數(shù)詞的使用及與冠詞、介詞的搭配,如in the 1820s,in his 30s,thusands f等。
一、形容詞和副詞的基本用法I bught an interesting① nvel yesterday.The bk is s interesting② that I can hardly let g f it. Wrried③ abut my study,my mther tk it away.Hwever,I fund my mther absrbed④ in it.
①修飾名詞,往往用形容詞作定語。②在系動(dòng)詞之后,往往用形容詞作表語。③表示情緒和精神狀態(tài)的形容詞可以作狀語。④在感官類或使役動(dòng)詞+賓語之后,形容詞可以作賓補(bǔ),說明賓語的狀態(tài)。My mther is reading the nvel attentively① nw and she is quite① mved by it.Obviusly②,she wn't return the bk t me sn.①副詞可以描述某個(gè)動(dòng)作的情況或者描述動(dòng)作、行為或狀態(tài)的程度。②副詞可以放在句首,作評(píng)論性狀語,修飾整個(gè)句子。
1.名詞、動(dòng)詞變形容詞名詞、動(dòng)詞變形容詞-able,-al,-ful,-ed,-ing-y,-ern,-ish,-ic-ible,-ive,-us,-sme2.形容詞變副詞形容詞不同詞尾變副詞加(-ly)的口訣:(一般直接加) clear→clearly清楚地 great→greatly很,大大地(元e去e加) true→truly真實(shí)地
(輔y變i加) happy→happily高興地 heavy→heavily沉重地(-le尾e變y) terrible→terribly可怕地 gentle→gently輕輕地(-ll尾只加y) full→fully完全地 dull→dully遲鈍地(-ic加ally) basic→basically主要地 scientific→scientifically 合乎科學(xué)地
3.-ed形容詞修飾物的用法-ed形容詞通常用于說明人的感受,常譯為“感到……的”,強(qiáng)調(diào)人自身的情感波動(dòng);修飾事物時(shí),則多修飾smile(微笑),feeling(感覺),cry(叫聲),face(表情),vice(聲音),lk(表情),eye(眼神),expressin(表情)等表示某人情感狀況的名詞。He had a pleased smile n his face.他臉上露出了滿意的微笑。He tld me the news in a very excited vice.他以非常激動(dòng)的聲音告訴了我這個(gè)消息。
4.同根副詞加-ly和不加-ly有些副詞不加-ly與其形容詞表達(dá)的含義是一樣的,而加了-ly之后的副詞,其詞義往往發(fā)生改變,具有抽象意義,表示程度。如:clse靠近地 clsely密切地,仔細(xì)地hard努力地 hardly幾乎不late晚,遲 lately最近,不久前mst最,極其 mstly通常,主要地wide指距離寬 widely廣泛地deep指具體深度 deeply深深地,非常,強(qiáng)烈地high指具體高度 highly高度地,非常
單句語法填空①(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)I’m enjying the creative activities, and it feels great t have dne smething _________ (use).②(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Residents really welcme the idea f the prject and the ___________ (create) sessins.③(2022·全國甲卷)With an _____________ (impress) 2,000-seat cncert hall, St David's Hall is hme t the annual Welsh Prms Cardiff.
impressive
④(2022·全國甲卷)I cnsidered this when I met a _____________ (thught) yung businessman named Anthny.⑤(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Yu'll ___________ (actual) shw up if yu knw smene is waiting fr yu at the gym.⑥(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)After a three-year pilt perid, the GPNP will be _____________ (fficial) set up next year.⑦(2022·全國乙卷)The mre ____________ (regular) they can be inspected, the mre railway safety, reliability and n-time perfrmance will be imprved.
regularly
⑧(2021·全國甲)Suppsedly yu can d it in tw hurs, but we stpped at the different gates and watchtwers t take pictures r just t watch the lcal peple ging abut their ________(day) rutines.
二、形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)In my family,my mther is the thinnest①.My father is much taller② than her and me,but he is twice as heavy as③ my mther,and becming fatter and fatter④.He is quite wrried because the fatter⑤ he is,the mre likely⑤ he is t be ill.①形容詞和副詞變比較級(jí)或最高級(jí),一般直接加-er或-est,以e結(jié)尾直接加-r或-st;一元一輔結(jié)尾注意雙寫結(jié)尾輔音,多音節(jié)詞前面加mre或the mst。
兩者或兩部分之間比較,多用比較級(jí);三者或三者以上的比較,可以使用最高級(jí)。②比較級(jí)常常和than連用,并且可以被much,a little,a bit,even,far,still 等詞修飾。③倍數(shù)表達(dá)法:?A+謂語+倍數(shù)+adj./adv.比較級(jí)+than+B?A+謂語+倍數(shù)+as+adj./adv.原級(jí)(+名詞)+as+B?A+謂語+倍數(shù)+the+名詞(size,length,height,weight等)+f+B
④“adj./adv.比較級(jí)+and+adj./adv.比較級(jí)”表示“越來越……”。⑤“the+比較級(jí)...,the+比較級(jí)...”表示“越……,就越……”。
1.有少數(shù)幾個(gè)雙音節(jié)形容詞,既可以加-er和-est,又可以加mre和mst構(gòu)成比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。這些雙音節(jié)詞是:cmmn,handsme,quiet,pleasant,cruel,stupid,tired和以-w,-er結(jié)尾的詞。2.有些形容詞沒有程度可分或形容詞本身就表示某種程度,因此沒有比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。這類形容詞有:right(正確的),wrng(錯(cuò)誤的),excellent(優(yōu)秀的),pssible(可能的),empty(空的),first(第一的),wden(木制的),final(最后的),east(東方的),last(最后的)等。
3.有些形容詞和副詞變比較級(jí)或最高級(jí)時(shí)為不規(guī)則變化,需牢記。如:gd/well—better—best bad/ill—wrse—wrstmany/much—mre—mst little—less—least ld—lder/elder—ldest/eldestfar—farther—farthest(指具體空間上)far—further—furthest(指抽象程度上)
4.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的詞,先把y變?yōu)閕再加-er和-est。如:easy—easier—easiesthappy—happier—happiestearly—earlier—earliest5.“否定詞語+比較級(jí)”也可表示最高級(jí)含義。N man is better than yu in the wrld.人世間沒有人比你好。I haven't read a mre interesting nvel.這是我讀過的最有趣的小說了。
單句語法填空①(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) Fd became _________ (easy) t chew at this pint. The jawbne didn't have t d as much wrk and s didn't grw t be s large.②(2022·全國甲卷) Where trial-and-errr was used, the cckats did _________ (well) than mnkeys in similar tests.③(2022·全國乙卷) It is believed that tday's children and teenagers are cnsuming three times the recmmended level f sugar, putting them at a _________ (high) risk f the disease.
④(2022·浙江卷) Yet prperly understd, the age f electricity is merely the secnd stage in the age f steam, which began a century __________(early).⑤(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) If fd waste were a cuntry, it wuld be the third __________ (large) prducer f greenhuse gases in the wrld.⑥(2022·全國甲卷) The realizatin that this is a precius land, t be respected by humans, was ne f the ________ (big) things that hit hme t Ginni.
⑦(2021·浙江卷) My mther lked s much shrter _______ I remembered.⑧(2021·全國甲卷)After spending sme time lking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time fr sme actin and what _________(gd) than t ride n a piece f histry!
1.看到與than連用,要想到用比較級(jí);看到比較級(jí),要想到than。2.看到語境中暗含的比較含義,要想到用比較級(jí)(二者之間)或最高級(jí)(三者及以上)。3.在句子中如果是作定語、表語、賓補(bǔ)或表示心理狀態(tài)的狀語,則用形容詞。4.如果修飾整個(gè)句子、動(dòng)詞或形容詞,則用副詞。5.看到and,but,r等連詞前或后用的比較等級(jí)形式,要想到用比較等級(jí)。
層級(jí)一 基礎(chǔ)達(dá)標(biāo)練單句語法填空1.Last Octber,while tending her garden in Mra,Sweden,Lena Pahlssn pulled ut a handful f small__________(carrt) and was abut t thrw them away.解析:考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。根據(jù)上文的a handful f可知,此處表示一把小胡蘿卜,所以應(yīng)用carrt的復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填carrts。
2.Then,handle the mst imprtant tasks first s yu'll feel a real sense f ______________(achieve).解析:考查名詞。介詞后接名詞,a real sense f achievement意為“一種真實(shí)的成就感”。故填achievement。3.—Why nt buy a secnd-hand car first if yu dn't have enugh mney fr a new ne?—That's a gd _____________(suggest).解析:考查名詞。根據(jù)句意可知,此處用提示詞suggest 的名詞形式,由空前的a可知,用單數(shù)形式。故填suggestin。
achievement
4.Althugh he researches clning,his ____________(intend) has never been t create cpies f humans.解析:考查名詞。形容詞性物主代詞his后接名詞,intentin n.目的,打算。因后面的謂語為單數(shù)形式,所以此處應(yīng)填名詞的單數(shù)形式。故填intentin。5.Cming t anther cuntry t study requires a big _____________ (adjust) and it takes a while t fit in.解析:考查名詞。requires 后面要跟名詞作賓語,所以要填adjust的名詞形式,再由空前的a可知,用單數(shù)形式。故填adjustment。
adjustment
6.In the early __________(fifty),researchers fund that peple scred higher n intelligence tests if they spke mre than ne language.解析:考查基數(shù)詞。表示“在五十年代”用“in the+整十的基數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)”。故填fifties。7.She is the __________(twelve) tutr,wh has cme t lk after his children since their mther died.解析:考查序數(shù)詞。數(shù)詞前面有the,應(yīng)該用其序數(shù)詞形式。故填twelfth。
8.The ld man ges t the park every ________(three) day,jgging with his fellws.解析:考查序數(shù)詞。“every+序數(shù)詞+day/mnth/year”表示“每幾天/月/年”。故填third。9.But the successful test drilling fr fire ice des nt mean it can be extracted fr_____________(industry) use.解析:考查形容詞。根據(jù)空前的介詞fr和空后的名詞use可知,空處應(yīng)填形容詞來修飾名詞。注意industry變形容詞時(shí),要變y為i,再加-al。故填industrial。
industrial
10.Have yu ever been ______________(embarrass) because f frgetting smething imprtant?解析:考查形容詞。根據(jù)語境可知,空處所填詞作表語,主語為人,表示“窘迫的,尷尬的”,因此應(yīng)用-ed形式的形容詞。故填embarrassed。11.The _______ (much) the students learn abut the university,the easier it will be fr them t adapt t the envirnment.解析:考查比較級(jí)。本句為“the+比較級(jí)……,the+比較級(jí)……”結(jié)構(gòu)。故填mre。
embarrassed
12.The wrld's ppulatin is increasing at a _____________(surprise) rate and we are in danger f destructin.解析:考查形容詞。此處表示“世界人口以驚人的速度增長”,修飾物,所以此處要用-ing形式的形容詞。故填surprising。13.Nwadays it's the secnd __________(large) city in Bulgaria and it's a significant ecnmic,educatinal and cultural center.解析:考查形容詞最高級(jí)。由空前的the secnd和空后的表示范圍的in Bulgaria可知,空處應(yīng)用最高級(jí)形式。故填largest。
14.Indians start practicing yga at a very yung age,s their bdies are even ___________(strng).解析:考查形容詞比較級(jí)。根據(jù)語境及空前的修飾語even可知,此處應(yīng)用形容詞的比較級(jí)形式。故填strnger。15.There isn't much traffic n Sunday,s ____________(hpe) we'll arrive in time fr the cncert.解析:考查副詞??仗幵诖诵揎梥后面的整個(gè)句子,應(yīng)用副詞形式。故填hpefully。
層級(jí)二 高考真題練1.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)The GPNP's main gal is t imprve cnnectivity between separate ______________ (ppulatin) and hmes f giant pandas.解析:考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。句意:GPNP的主要目標(biāo)是改善不同種群和大熊貓家園之間的聯(lián)系。設(shè)空處和and后的復(fù)數(shù)名詞hmes并列在句中作賓語,應(yīng)用可數(shù)名詞ppulatin (種群)的復(fù)數(shù)的形式。故填ppulatins。
2.(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)He saved my _________ (sn) life, said Mrs. Brwn.解析:考查名詞所有格。句意:他拯救了我兒子的生命。根據(jù)句意,life與提示詞sn之間是所屬關(guān)系,故應(yīng)該使用名詞所有格。故填sn's。 3.(2022·全國乙卷)China has a ______________ (respnsible) t wrk with ther cuntries t prmte the healthy develpment f the tea industry.解析:考查名詞。中國有責(zé)任與其他國家共同促進(jìn)茶產(chǎn)業(yè)的健康發(fā)展。不定冠詞a后接可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式。故填respnsibility。
respnsibility
4.(2022·浙江卷)When the answer was n, she declined the _________ (invite).解析:考查名詞。句意:當(dāng)答案是否定的時(shí)候,她拒絕了那個(gè)邀請。此處需填入名詞作動(dòng)詞decline的賓語。故填invitatin。
5.(2022·高考Ⅰ卷)The GPNP's main gal is t imprve cnnectivity between separate ppulatins and hmes f giant pandas, and _____________ (eventual)achieve a desired level f ppulatin in the wild.解析:考查副詞。句意:GPNP的主要目標(biāo)是改善不同種群和大熊貓家園之間的聯(lián)系,最終達(dá)到理想的野生大熊貓數(shù)量水平。設(shè)空處后為動(dòng)詞achieve,設(shè)空處應(yīng)用副詞eventually作狀語,修飾動(dòng)詞achieve。故填eventually。
eventually
6.(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)They bth fell _________ (sleep) while watching TV.解析:考查形容詞。句意:他們倆看電視的時(shí)候都睡著了。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,設(shè)空處應(yīng)該填寫形容詞作表語。sleep為動(dòng)詞,意為“睡覺”,其形容詞為asleep。fall asleep為固定搭配,意為“熟睡的”,asleep符合句意。故填asleep。
7.(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)When he lked dwn, he _______________ (accidental ) slipped and fell ver the edge.解析:考查副詞。句意:當(dāng)他往下看時(shí),不小心滑了一跤,從懸崖邊上掉了下去。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu),設(shè)空處應(yīng)該填寫副詞修飾動(dòng)詞slipped。accidental為形容詞,意為“意外的,失誤的”,其副詞為accidentally,意為“意外地,失誤地”,符合句意。故填accidentally。
accidentally
8.(2022·全國甲卷)Ca believes this will make the hiking trip even mre _____________ (meaning).解析:考查形容詞。句意:曹認(rèn)為這將使這次徒步旅行更加有意義。此處是make復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu),應(yīng)用形容詞meaningful,作賓語補(bǔ)足語。故填meaningful。
meaningful
9.(2022·全國甲卷)In 2016, he reached the tp f Kilimanjar, Africa's __________ (high) muntain.解析:考查形容詞最高級(jí)。句意: 2016年,他到達(dá)了乞力馬扎羅山頂,這是非洲最高的山峰。根據(jù)空前Africa's可知,此處表示乞力馬扎羅山是非洲最高的山脈,應(yīng)用形容詞最高級(jí)。故填highest。
10.(2022·全國乙卷)As a main prmter f the Internatinal Tea Day, the birth place f tea and the __________ (large) tea-prducing cuntry, China has a respnsibility t wrk with ther cuntries t prmte the healthy develpment f the tea industry.解析:考查形容詞最高級(jí)。句意:中國是茶的發(fā)源地和最大產(chǎn)茶國,作為國際茶日的主要推動(dòng)者,中國有責(zé)任與其他國家共同促進(jìn)茶產(chǎn)業(yè)的健康發(fā)展。根據(jù)定冠詞the和常識(shí)可知,中國是最大產(chǎn)茶國,所以用形容詞的最高級(jí)形式。故填largest。
11.(2022·浙江卷1月)On a website called N Fly Climate Sci, fr example, __________(rugh) 200 academics—many f them climate scientists have prmised t fly as little as pssible since the effrt started tw years ag. 解析:考查副詞。句意:例如,在一個(gè)叫“無飛行氣候科學(xué)”的網(wǎng)站上,自從兩年前成立以來,大約有200個(gè)學(xué)者—其中許多是氣候科學(xué)家承諾盡可能少飛行。此處修飾數(shù)字用副詞rughly“粗略地;大約”。故填rughly。
12.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)The rlling sea f cluds yu see nce yu are at the tp will remind yu hw tiny we_________(human) are.解析:考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。句意:一旦你到達(dá)山頂,你所看到的滾滾云海將提醒你我們?nèi)祟愂嵌嗝疵煨 1硎尽叭祟悺?,常用?fù)數(shù)名詞humans,此處作同位語。故填humans。
13.(2021·新高考Ⅱ卷)A cmpany _________________ (represent) wrte back and tld me the airline was switching ver frm plastic t paper cups n all f its 1,200 daily flights.解析:考查名詞。句意:一位公司代表回信告訴我,該航空公司將把每天1 200個(gè)航班的塑料杯換成紙杯。該空作句子主語,用名詞,前面有不定冠詞修飾,用名詞單數(shù)。故填representative。
representative
14.(2021·浙江卷)In 1844 they bught it fr $1,200 and sme land frm Charles Dresser, wh perfrmed their ___________ (marry)ceremny in 1842.解析:考查名詞。句意:1844年,他們以1 200美元的價(jià)格從查爾斯·德萊瑟手中買下了它(這座房子)和一些土地,查爾斯·德萊瑟在1842年舉行了他們的婚禮。結(jié)合設(shè)空前的形容詞性物主代詞可知,此處要用名詞形式;結(jié)合設(shè)空處后的ceremny,可知此處意為“婚禮”;提示詞marry為動(dòng)詞,其名詞形式為marriage,marriage ceremny意為“婚禮”。故填marriage。
15.(2021·浙江卷1月)It is calculated by dividing a ____________ (persn) weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI f between 19 and 25 is cnsidered healthy.解析:考查名詞所有格。句意:它的計(jì)算方法是用一個(gè)人的體重(公斤)除以身高(米)的平方,BMI在19到25之間被認(rèn)為是健康的。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,persn是修飾weight的,要用 persn的名詞所有格persn's。故填persn's。
16.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)It will ______________(undubted) help yu get refreshed!解析:考查副詞。句意:它無疑會(huì)幫助你恢復(fù)精力!修飾動(dòng)詞,所以用副詞。故填undubtedly。 17.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)The amazing thing abut the spring is that the clder the temperature gets, the_________(ht) the spring!解析:考查形容詞比較級(jí)。句意為:泉的神奇之處在于溫度越低,泉水就越熱!本句為固定句型:the+比較級(jí)...,the+比較級(jí)...,表示“越……越……”。故填htter。
18.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Thugh it is the nly unnatural thing n yur way up the muntain, still it highlights the whle adventure and ffers a place where yu can sit dwn t rest yur _________(ache) legs.解析:考查形容詞。句意:雖然這是你上山途中唯一不自然的事情,但它仍然突出了整個(gè)冒險(xiǎn),并提供了一個(gè)地方,你可以坐下來休息你疼痛的腿。ache和它所修飾的詞之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語。aching也可看作形容詞,是“疼痛的”的含義。故填aching。
19.(2021·全國高考Ⅱ卷)I tld him hw __________ (harm) plastic culd be t the envirnment and asked him t cnsider using mre ec-friendly ptins.解析:考查形容詞。句意:我告訴他塑料對環(huán)境的危害,并請他考慮使用更環(huán)保的產(chǎn)品。該處為hw引導(dǎo)的賓語從句,hw之后接形容詞或副詞,根據(jù)culd be,所以用形容詞。故填harmful。
20.(2021·浙江卷)When the huse was built, it was much __________ (small)than it is tday.解析:考查形容詞比較級(jí)。句意:這棟房子建成時(shí)比現(xiàn)在小得多。結(jié)合設(shè)空前的much和設(shè)空后的than可知,此處考查形容詞比較級(jí)固定結(jié)構(gòu)much+比較級(jí)+than,提示詞small的比較級(jí)形式為smaller。故填smaller。
21.(2021·浙江卷1月)But 30 years later, the BMI difference between urban and rural peple in many cuntries had narrwed __________(sharp).解析:考查副詞。句意:但30年后,許多國家城市和農(nóng)村人口的BMI差異大幅縮小。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,sharp是要修飾動(dòng)詞narrw,用sharp的副詞形式sharply。故填sharply。
22.(2021·浙江卷1月)This may be due t sme disadvantages fr peple living in the cuntryside, including ________ (lw) levels f incme and educatin, higher csts f healthy fds, and fewer sprts facilities.解析:考查形容詞比較級(jí)。句意:這可能是由于生活在農(nóng)村的人有一些不利條件,包括較低的收入和教育水平,較高的健康食品成本,以及較少的體育設(shè)施。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,including說明的是一些不利條件,且后面有higher和fewer,是并列關(guān)系,所以lw也應(yīng)該用比較級(jí)形式。故填lwer。
23.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)It will really help cnncet ur residents thrugh a shared___________ (interesting) and creative activities.解析:考查名詞。句意:這將真正有助于通過共同的興趣和創(chuàng)造性的活動(dòng)來凝聚我們的居民。根據(jù)空前的形容詞shared以及前的a可知,空處應(yīng)填名詞,interest此是可數(shù)名詞。故填interest。
24.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Yu might think abut psting what yu lking fr n scial media, but it prbably wn't result in a useful___________ (respnd).解析:考查名詞。句意:你可能會(huì)考慮在社交媒體上發(fā)布你正在尋找的事情,但它可能不會(huì)導(dǎo)致一個(gè)有用的回應(yīng)。不定冠詞a后接名詞形式。故填respnse。
25.(2020·新課標(biāo)Ⅲ卷)Filled with ____________ (curius), the artist packed his bags and left.解析:考查名詞。句意:懷著好奇心,藝術(shù)家收拾行囊離開了。with為介詞,后跟名詞curisity作賓語,表示“好奇心”。故填curisity。
26.(2020·浙江卷)Later,they learned t wrk with the __________ (seasn),planting at the right time and,in dry areas, making use f annual flds t irrigate(灌溉)their fields.解析:考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。句意:后來,他們學(xué)會(huì)了因地制宜,在適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)間播種,在干旱地區(qū),利用每年的洪水來灌溉農(nóng)田。分析句子,提示詞的詞性為可數(shù)名詞,應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填seasns。
27.(2020·浙江卷1月)Fr Japan, the__________(number)are mre striking—22 in 1950, 46 tday and 53 in 2050.解析:考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。句意:對日本來說,這個(gè)數(shù)字更加驚人——1950年是22歲,今天是46歲,2050年是53歲。number為可數(shù)名詞表示“數(shù)字”,且根據(jù)下文are可知主語應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填numbers。
28.(2022·浙江卷1月)She desn't wrk in summer, as it wuld be _______________ (unpleasant) ht fr the animals in the car, even with air cnditining.解析:考查副詞。句意:她夏天不工作,因?yàn)榧词褂锌臻g,對車?yán)锏膭?dòng)物來說,天氣也會(huì)熱得不舒服。空處修飾形容詞ht,應(yīng)使用unpleasant的副詞形式。故填unpleasantly。
unpleasantly
29.(2020·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷)____________ (certain) during the hliday perid, this plant is a must.解析:考查副詞。句意:當(dāng)然在假期期間,這種植物是絕對必要的事物。介詞短語作時(shí)間狀語,因此只有改變成副詞才能符合句子結(jié)構(gòu),用副詞形式作狀語。故填Certainly。30.(2022·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)My partner psted her request n the ntice bard f a ________ (lcatity) park.解析:考查形容詞。句意:我的搭檔把她的要求貼在當(dāng)?shù)毓珗@的告示板上。修飾名詞park,用形容詞形式。故填lcal。
31.(2020·新課標(biāo)Ⅲ卷)One day the emperr wanted t get his prtrait (畫像) dne s he called all great artists t cme and present their _________ (fine) wrk, s that he culd chse the best.解析:考查形容詞最高級(jí)。句意:一天,皇帝想讓人給他畫一幅肖像,于是他把所有偉大的畫家都請來,展示他們最好的作品,以便他挑選最好的。結(jié)合句意,皇帝想要畫家最好的作品,表示“最好的”此處應(yīng)用形容詞最高級(jí)finest。故填finest。
32.(2020·新課標(biāo)Ⅲ卷)As the small bat mved _________ (gentle) alng the river he was left speechless by the muntains being silently reflected in the water.解析:考查副詞。句意:當(dāng)小船緩緩地沿著江面移動(dòng)時(shí),山在水中的倒影使他說不出話來。此處修飾動(dòng)詞mved應(yīng)用副詞gently作狀語,表示“緩緩地”。故填gently。
33.(2020·浙江卷1月)The first is declining birthrates, which means ld generatins are large cmpared t yunger generatins, and s, n average, the ppulatin becmes ________(ld)than befre.解析:考查形容詞比較級(jí)。句意:首先是出生率的下降,這意味著老一代比年輕一代人口多,因此,平均而言,人口比以前老齡化。根據(jù)下文than befre可知應(yīng)用形容詞比較級(jí)。故填lder。
34.(2020·浙江卷1月)This is_______________(particular)true in the US. The secnd reasn is that peple are living lnger.解析:考查副詞。句意:在美國尤其如此。此處修飾形容詞true應(yīng)用副詞。故填particularly。35.(2020·山東卷)In the 18th and 19th centuries, __________ (wealth) peple travelled and cllected plants, histrical bjects and wrks f art.解析:考查形容詞。句意:在18和19世紀(jì),富人旅行并收集植物、歷史物品和藝術(shù)品。此處修飾名詞peple,應(yīng)使用形容詞,作定語。故填wealthy。
particularly
層級(jí)三 語篇提能練語法填空Passage 1 名詞篇Decrating with Plants,F(xiàn)ruits and Flwers fr Chinese New YearChinese New Year is a __________________(celebrate) marking the end f the winter seasn and the _______________(begin) f spring.This is why decrating with plants,fruits and flwers carries special ________________ (significant).They represent the earth cming back t ____________(live) and best wishes fr new beginnings.
1.celebratin
2.beginning
3.significance
These are sme f the mst ppular in many parts f the cuntry:Oranges:Orange trees are mre than __________________(decrate);they are a symbl f gd frtune and _____________(wealthy).They make great gifts and yu see them many _____________(time) decrated with red envelpes and messages f gd frtune.Bamb:Chinese lve their“Lucky Bamb” plants and yu will see them ften in their hmes and ffices.Certainly during the hliday perid,this plant is _________ must.Bamb plants are assciated with health,abundance and a happy hme.They are easy t care fr and make great ________________(present).
9.presents
__________________(branch) f Plum Blssms(梅花):The beautiful lng branches cvered with pink-clred buds(蓓蕾) make fantastic decratins.The plum trees are the first t flwer even as the snw is melting(融化).They represent the prmise f spring and a renewal f life.語篇導(dǎo)讀:本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了中國新年常見的三種裝飾物——橘子樹、富貴竹和梅花枝,以及它們的美好寓意。
10.Branches
解析:1.考查名詞。由空前的不定冠詞a可知,后接名詞形式。故填celebratin。2.考查名詞。和前面的the end f the winter seasn并列,是名詞詞組,begin的名詞形式為beginning。故填beginning。3.考查名詞。此處作謂語動(dòng)詞carries的賓語,應(yīng)該用名詞形式。故填significance。4.考查名詞。作介詞t的賓語,用名詞或動(dòng)名詞形式,結(jié)合句意可知填life。故填life。
5.考查名詞。根據(jù)句意以及句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,應(yīng)用名詞形式。故填decratin。6.考查名詞。與gd frtune共同作f的賓語,所以用名詞形式。故填wealth。7.考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。time表示次數(shù),是可數(shù)名詞,用在many 之后。故填times。8.考查冠詞。must此處表示“必須做(或看、買等)的事”,是可數(shù)名詞,且發(fā)音以輔音音素開頭。故填a。
9.考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。present作“禮物,禮品”講,是可數(shù)名詞,此處表示泛指。故填presents。10.考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)??蓴?shù)名詞出現(xiàn)時(shí),要么前面加冠詞,要么用復(fù)數(shù)形式表泛指。此處branch前面沒有冠詞及其他限定詞,所以只能用其復(fù)數(shù)形式。位于句首,注意首字母大寫。故填Branches。
Passage 2 形容詞和副詞篇Visitrs t Britain may find the ____________(gd) place t enjy lcal culture is in a _________________(traditin) pub. A team f researchers have discvered sme f the unknwn culture f British pubs—starting with the_____________(difficult) f getting a drink. This may sund incnvenient, but there is a ______________(hide) meaning.
2.traditinal
3.difficulty
Pub culture is frmed t imprve sciability in a sciety that is knwn fr its cldness. Standing at the bar fr service allws yu t chat with thers wh are waiting t be served. The bar cunter is ________________(pssible) the nly place in Britain where a ________________(friend) talk with strangers is cnsidered t be ________________ (entire) prper and really quite nrmal behavir. _______________, if yu d nt fllw the lcal rules,the experience may fall flat. Fr example, if yu are in a big grup,it is best fr ne r tw peple t g t buy the drinks. Nthing makes the regular custmers and bar staff angry ________(much) than a grup f ___________ (strange) blcking all passages t the bar while they chat and hesitate abut what t rder.
6.friendly
10.strangers
語篇導(dǎo)讀:本文是一篇說明文。講述的是關(guān)于享受英國文化最好的去處:酒吧。
解析:1.考查形容詞最高級(jí)。根據(jù)語境分析可知,此處暗含了一定的范圍,即“在英國”,所以應(yīng)填提示詞的最高級(jí)形式。故填best。2.考查形容詞。分析句子成分可知,此處應(yīng)該填一個(gè)形容詞作定語,修飾名詞pub,所以填提示詞的形容詞形式。故填traditinal。3.考查名詞。所填單詞前有定冠詞the,其后有介詞,因此應(yīng)填寫difficult的名詞形式。故填difficulty。
4.考查形容詞。hidden是hide的過去分詞,又可作形容詞,意思是“隱藏的”。此處修飾名詞meaning。故填hidden。5.考查副詞。此處在句中修飾系動(dòng)詞,作狀語,應(yīng)該填提示詞的副詞形式。故填pssibly。6.考查形容詞。根據(jù)語境“與陌生人友好的交談”可知,此處在句中作定語,應(yīng)填提示詞的形容詞形式。故填friendly。7.考查副詞。此處在句中作狀語,修飾形容詞prper,應(yīng)填提示詞的副詞形式。故填entirely。

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