2022屆高考英語一輪講義學案語法專題四第4講　特殊句式-學案下載-教習網(wǎng)

考點一感嘆句、祈使句和強調(diào)句
“What a beautiful garden?、?Hw beautiful the red flwers are?、佟盩he kids shuted.“Can we g int the garden，Mrs Green？” “Yes.But dn’t pick r harm the flwers while appreciating them②. It was with great patience that the gardener grew them.③” “Yes，Mrs Green. Let’s explre the garden.②”
1．強調(diào)句型的基本結(jié)構(gòu)：It is/was＋被強調(diào)的部分＋that/wh＋其他。該句型可對句子的主語、表語、賓語、狀語等進行強調(diào)。
2．It 結(jié)構(gòu)不能強調(diào)謂語動詞?？捎弥鷦釉~d，des或did來強調(diào)謂語動詞，用于一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時的肯定陳述句中，d還可以用于祈使句。
I d hpe t receive yur early reply.
我真的希望早日收到你的回復。
D remember t lck the dr when yu leave the ffice.
在你離開辦公室的時候，一定要記得鎖門。
3．當被強調(diào)部分是人，且作主語時，可用wh或that，其他情況下一律用that。
It was Tm wh/that I came acrss in the library yesterday.
昨天我在圖書館里遇見的是湯姆。
It was in the library that I met Tm yesterday.
我昨天是在圖書館里遇見的湯姆。
4．強調(diào)句型的一般疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)：Is/Was＋it＋被強調(diào)的部分＋that/wh＋其他部分？
Was it in the library that yu met Tm yesterday?
昨天你是在圖書館里遇見的湯姆嗎？
5．強調(diào)句型的特殊疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)：特殊疑問詞＋is/was＋it＋that＋其他部分？
Where was it that yu met Tm yesterday?
你昨天是在哪里遇見的湯姆？
6．的強調(diào)句型結(jié)構(gòu)：It is/was nt until...＋that＋其他部分。
It was nt until yesterday that I was tld that he was ill in hspital.
直到昨天我才被告知他生病住院了。
點對點練習
單句語法填空
1．Wrk hard，and yu will make prgress in English.
2．Hurry up，r yu will miss the train.
3．What a beautiful picture it is!
4．Hw mving the stry is!
5．Yu are waiting at a wrng place.It is at the htel that the cach picks up turists.
6．It wasn’t until 1706 that Thmas Twining funded the wrld’s first dry tea and cffee shp in Lndn.
7．It is because f her strng will that she never gives up whatever difficulties she meets.
考點二倒裝
倒裝分為部分倒裝和全部倒裝。部分倒裝只把謂語的一部分(多為助動詞或情態(tài)動詞)置于主語之前。完全倒裝是把謂語完全放在主語之前。
1．部分倒裝
Never will my mther g t the amusement park again.① Nt nly was it dirty①， but als it was nisy.S nisy was it that I culdn’t hear my mther.②Only when she shuted at me at the tp f her vice culd I hear what she was sayingeq \\al(③,.)If mther wn’t g，neither will I④.The reasn is simple.Near as it is⑤，I can’t g there alne because I have n sense f directin.
2．全部倒裝
On the platfrm was a student giving a speech.① In the crner sat a shy by.① Then came the by’s turn②.“Cme nt the platfrm，” said the teacher③.There went the by.④Thugh his hands were trembling，he began his speech.
1．在as/thugh引導的部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)中，如果位于句首的是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，則其前不加冠詞。
Child as he was，he finished his task with great curage and determinatin.
盡管他只是一個孩子，他還是滿懷著決心和勇氣完成了任務(wù)。
2．在全部倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)中，主語只能是名詞而不能是代詞。
Lk！Here cmes the bus.看！汽車來了。
不能說Here cmes it.要說Here it cmes.
點對點練習
單句語法填空
1．Next dr t urs live(live) a black cuple，wh seem t have settled in this cmmunity fr quite a lng time.
2．Absurd as/thugh it might sund，everyne present was amused by his adventure stry in Africa.
3．Nt until recently did they encurage the develpment f turist-related activities in the rural areas.
4．Here are(be) sme suggestins，which I hpe will be f benefit t yu.
完成句子
5．Only when yu realize the imprtance f English can yu put yur heart int it.
只有當你認識到英語的重要性時，你才能全身心投入其中。
6．Nt nly can students imprve their writing ability in this way but als they can strengthen their self-cnfidence.
通過這種方式，學生們不僅能提高他們的寫作能力，而且還能增強自信心。
7．S much hmewrk d we have t d every day that we have little time t have a rest.
每天我們不得不做如此多的作業(yè)，以至于我們幾乎連休息的時間都沒有。
8．The parents didn’t tlerate their kids’ rudeness at the party，nr did they allw themselves t be disbeyed.
父母不能容忍他們的孩子在聚會上表現(xiàn)得沒禮貌，也不允許自己的命令不被服從。
考點三省略
—Yu shuldn’t read bks while having lunch①. If s②，yu will make the bk dirty.Wuld yu like t put yur bk aside nw.
—I’d like t③，but the bk is s interesting that I can’t tear myself away frm it.
—D yu want t have a stmachache?
—N，I hpe nt④.I will put it away right nw.
1．在狀語從句的省略中，若省略，則主語和be動詞一起省略，若保留則一起保留。
Yu are nt careful enugh while (yu are) crssing a busy street.
在橫穿繁忙街道的時候，你再怎么小心也不為過。
2．在狀語從句的省略中，考查連詞之后的非謂語動詞時，要考慮該動詞與主句主語之間的關(guān)系。
Thugh lacking mney，his parents managed t send him t cllege.
盡管缺錢，他的父母還是設(shè)法讓他去上大學。
He always keeps silent unless asked.
除非被問到，他總是保持沉默。
點對點練習
單句語法填空
1．We finished the task tw days earlier than expected(expect)．
2．—D yu have any idea what Paul des all day?
—As I knw，he spends at least as much time playing as he des writing(write)．
3．We all knw that，if nt carefully dealt(deal) with，the situatin will get wrse.
4．He suddenly turned arund as if t make(make) sure that nbdy was fllwing him.
單句語法填空
1．Of the nineteen recgnized plar bear subppulatins，three are declining，six (be) stable，ne is increasing，and nine lack enugh data.(2019·全國Ⅰ)
答案 are
解析考查省略。根據(jù)“three are declining”可知，此處數(shù)詞six作主語，代指前文中的“plar bear subppulatins”，故謂語用復數(shù)形式；由后文中的“nine lack enugh data”可知，用一般現(xiàn)在時，故填are。
2．It was nly when the car pulled up in frnt f ur huse we saw Lily in the passenger seat.
(2018·天津)
答案 that
解析考查強調(diào)句型。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處是強調(diào)句，被強調(diào)的是nly when引導的時間狀語從句。強調(diào)句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：It is/was＋被強調(diào)的部分＋that＋其他。故填that。
3．In any unsafe situatin，simply (press) the buttn and a highly-trained agent will get yu the help yu need.(2018·北京)
答案 press
解析此題為“祈使句＋and＋陳述句”結(jié)構(gòu)，所以用動詞原形。
1．注意分析句式結(jié)構(gòu)，確定為何種特殊句式。如果是省略句，注意補全缺失部分之后再解題。
2．根據(jù)特殊句式的結(jié)構(gòu)特點填入適當?shù)脑~。
(1)看到倒裝句，要注意其謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)；
(2)看到there be句型要注意主謂一致和時態(tài)。
層級一基礎(chǔ)達標練
單句語法填空
1．Prfessr Salvery，wh invented the term EQ，gives the fllwing descriptin：At wrk，it is IQ gets yu prmted.
答案 that
解析考查強調(diào)句型。該處為it 強調(diào)句，強調(diào)了主語IQ。故填that。
2．Yes，f curse they celebrate Christmas here，and there are bviusly displays in shps and Christmas markets，but seem t be n signs f Christmas adverts.
答案 there
解析考查there be句型。be動詞可用lie，exist，remain等替代。
3．Althugh it was ten years ag I read the bk，it shwed me a universal truth that bks were friends，always pushing us t mve n.
答案 that
解析分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本句為強調(diào)句型，強調(diào)時間狀語“ten years ag”，所以填that。
4．Present at the party last night (be) Mr Green and many ther guests.
答案 were
解析考查倒裝。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為表語提前的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，主語為“Mr Green and many ther guests”，由時間狀語“l(fā)ast night”可知，此處應(yīng)用were。
5．—What did she want t knw，Tm?
—She wndered when it was we culd cmplete the experiment.
答案 that
解析考查強調(diào)句型。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，答句中wndered后的賓語從句為強調(diào)句型的特殊疑問句式的陳述語序，強調(diào)特殊疑問詞when，故此處應(yīng)填that。
6．Sme f yu may have finished the text. s，yu can g n t the next.
答案 If
解析考查省略。此處為if條件句的省略，if s如果這樣的話。
層級二高考真題練
單句語法填空
1．It was when I gt back t my apartment I first came acrss my new neighbrs.
(2017·天津)
答案 that
解析此處為強調(diào)句型：it’，被強調(diào)的是句中的時間狀語從句。
2． (be) it nt fr the supprt f the teachers，the student culd nt vercme her difficulty.
(2017·江蘇)
答案 Were
解析該句是省略if的虛擬條件句，省略if后需要將were提前構(gòu)成倒裝。
3．But like s many ther things，it is nly t much stress des yu harm.
(2016·上海)
答案 that
解析將it is與空處去掉后，“t much stress des yu harm”句子成分完整，句意明確，故本句是強調(diào)句。因強調(diào)的內(nèi)容是主語，故空格處應(yīng)填that。
4．Only when Lily walked int the ffice she realize that she had left the cntract at hme.(2015·天津)
答案 did
解析考查倒裝及時態(tài)。句意為：直到莉莉走進辦公室時，她才意識到她把合同忘在家里了。“nly＋狀語從句”位于句首表示強調(diào)時，主句要用部分倒裝。根據(jù)時間狀語“when Lily walked int the ffice”可知，要用一般過去時。故填did。
5．Int the cmplete silence f the waiting class (cme) the teacher’s sweet vice，“Gd mrning，children.”(2015·湖北)
答案 came
解析考查倒裝句。本句為表示方位的介詞短語位于句首引起的完全倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。因此答案為came。
層級三語篇提能練
語法填空
Chengdu is largely cnsidered as a city f leisure.It was the slw-paced lifestyle 1.
put the city n the list f the 21 must-g travel spts f 2017 in the travel magazine Natinal Gegraphic.
One f the greatest pleasures in Chengdu is 2. (it) fd，which is famus 3.
the use f Sichuan peppercrn.Nthing is mre imprtant t Chengdu peple than fd.They enjy 4. (search) ut small restaurants in ut-f-the-way 5. (place) that may just specialize in a cuple f dishes.Chengdu has the 6. (high) density f restaurants in the wrld.N wnder it 7. (becme) the fast Asian city named as a City f Gastrnmy (美食) by UNESCO in 2010.
Anther imprtant part f lcal daily life is the city’s teahuses.The teahuses,8.
(find) all ver Chengdu，are much mre than just a place t drink tea.They are places t d business，meet with friends，shw ff pet birds，listen t Sichuan Opera，and mst 9.
(imprtant)，play mahjng.As a lcal saying ges，“If yu cannt find smene，he r she is either playing mahjng 10. n the way t play mahjng.”
1．答案 that
解析考查強調(diào)句型。所填詞與句首的It was構(gòu)成“It ”的強調(diào)句，強調(diào)的是主語the slw-paced lifestyle，故填that。
2．答案 its
解析考查代詞。所填詞修飾名詞fd，作定語，故用形容詞性物主代詞its。
3．答案 fr
解析考查介詞。be famus fr...以……聞名，是固定搭配。
4．答案 searching
解析考查非謂語動詞。enjy后跟動名詞作賓語，enjy ding sth.喜歡做某事。
5．答案 places
解析考查名詞復數(shù)。place“地方”，是可數(shù)名詞，此處表示泛指，故用復數(shù)形式。
6．答案 highest
解析考查形容詞最高級。由空前的the及比較范圍可知，此處應(yīng)用形容詞最高級。
7．答案 became
解析考查動詞的時態(tài)。根據(jù)時間狀語in 2010可知，應(yīng)用一般過去時。
8．答案 fund
解析考查非謂語動詞。the tea huses與find之間是被動關(guān)系，故用過去分詞作定語。
9．答案 imprtantly
解析考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。mst imprtantly最重要的是，是固定短語。
10．答案 r
解析考查并列句?；蛘摺蛘摺?，是固定用法。
1．感嘆句
典例 (2020·新高考全國Ⅰ)多么有意義的一次經(jīng)歷?。?br>What a meaningful experience!
運用 (2020·全國Ⅱ)這是一次多么有趣的經(jīng)歷??！
What an interesting experience it was!
2．祈使句＋and/r＋陳述句
典例 (2020·新高考全國Ⅰ)我正要放棄的時候老師對我喊：“堅持，你會成功的?！?br>I was abut t give up when my teacher shuted at me，“Keep up，and yu will make it.”
運用 (2020·浙江)埃莉(Ellie)說：“快點，否則熊會追上我們的?！?br>“Hurry up，r the bear will catch up with us，” said Ellie.
3．強調(diào)句
典例 (2020·新高考全國Ⅰ)懷著巨大的勇氣和決心我才穿過了終點線。
It was with great curage and determinatin that I finally crssed the finishing line.
運用 (2020·新高考全國Ⅰ)不是我而是約翰想出了這個好主意。
It was nt I but Jhn wh came up with such a gd idea.
4．“nly＋狀語”位于句首的倒裝句
典例 (2019·全國Ⅰ)眾所周知，只有通過努力訓練我們才能在比賽時表現(xiàn)出色。
As is knwn t all，nly by practicing hard can we perfrm well in the match.
運用 (2017·全國Ⅱ)只有當你了解了李白的生平之后，你才能更好地學習他的詩歌。
Only after yu have a knwledge f Li Bai’s life can yu learn his pems better.
5．倒裝句(s＋adj.＋be＋sb./sth.＋that從句)
典例 (2016·浙江)簡是如此害怕以至于她不敢睡覺。
S frightened was Jane that she didn’t dare t sleep.
運用 (2020·新高考全國Ⅰ)伯納德(Bernard)是如此開心以至于他給了約翰一個大大的擁抱。
S happy was Bernard that he gave Jhn a big hug.
6．全部倒裝
典例 (2016·浙江)杰克在樹下站著，張開雙臂等著她。
Under the tree std Jack，waiting fr her with his arms pen.
運用 (2020·1月浙江)在后院有兩只在草坪上快樂打滾(tumble)的狗狗。
In the backyard were tw happy dgs tumbling abut n the grassland.①為感嘆句，結(jié)構(gòu)為：What ?＋a/an?＋adj.＋n.?＋主語＋謂語?或Hw＋adj./adv.＋主語＋謂語。
②為祈使句，結(jié)構(gòu)為：D sth./Dn’t d sth.有時后面會加上“and/r＋句子”。
③強調(diào)句結(jié)構(gòu)為：It is/was＋被強調(diào)部分＋that/wh＋其他。
①never，seldm，hardly，rarely，little等含有否定意義的副詞或連詞置于句首時引起部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。
②結(jié)構(gòu)中的s，such 連同它所修飾的成分共同位于句首表示強調(diào)時，主句要用部分倒裝。
③“nly＋狀語”置于句首時，主句要用部分倒裝。
④表示前面所說的情況也適用于后者時，用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)“s/neither/nr＋助動詞/系動詞/情態(tài)動詞＋主語”?s表示肯定意義，neither/nr表示否定意義?。
⑤在as/thugh引導的讓步狀語從句中，從句的表語/狀語/動詞原形要位于句首，構(gòu)成倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。
①表地點的介詞短語位于句首，引起句子全部倒裝。
②表示時間的副詞then，nw位于句首，引起句子全部倒裝。
③直接引語位于句首，引起句子全部倒裝。
④表示方位方向的副詞here，there，ut，in，up，dwn，away位于句首，引起句子全部倒裝。
口訣：方位方向加時間，地點介短直引?提?前。
①在while，when，where，as if，if，thugh，n matter what，until等引導的狀語從句中，若謂語部分含be動詞，而從句主語又與主句主語一致或從句主語是it時，狀語從句中的主語和謂語中的be動詞可以一起省略。
②if ever如果曾發(fā)生過的話；if busy 如果忙的話；if any如果有的話；if pssible如果可能的話；if s如果這樣的話；if nt如果不的話；if necessary如果必要的話。
③在同一句話或同一情景對話中，當同一動作再次出現(xiàn)在后面的不定式位置上時，通常省略該動作而保留不定式符號t。
④英語中還常常用s/nt等來代替省略的肯定內(nèi)容或否定內(nèi)容，s/nt多跟在I’m afraid，I hpe，I think，I guess，I believe等開頭的答句中。
語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一個休閑城市——成都，其生活節(jié)奏比較慢，有許多地方特色美食以及遍布全城的各式茶館。

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