?北京市各地區(qū)2023屆高考英語一模試題分類匯編-04七選五

一、七選五
（2023屆北京市門頭溝區(qū)高三綜合練習(xí)（一）英語試卷）Walking has been considered as one of the best possible exercises. For many people,daily walking offers massive and long-term physical and mental benefits. ___1___A Stanford University study found that participants were more creative when walking as opposed to sitting.
___2___You’ve probably heard the phrase“exercise your creativity”,which referee to the brain as muscle.Our creative mindset is triggered by physical movement,which is exactly why walking-with your dog, a friend, or alone-feeds creative thinking.
But the scenery is almost as important as the sweat. Just by going outside, you are stepping out of your habitual surroundings and your comfort zone,which is necessary if you want to open your mind to new possibilities. You can walk through a tree-filled neighborhood. ___3___Even when you walk down a busy street, you can’t help but get distracted by the sweet smells from a food cart or the child pointing to a building you hadn’t even noticed before.
Our brains work harder to process indifferent environments. Therefore, walking outside cultivates our ability to collect new ideas and take in new sights,sounds,smells, and flavors. Shinrin-yoku, a common form of relaxation in Japan, suggests that being in the forest and walking among the trees can lower your stress levels. ___4___Research has shown that immersion in nature and the disconnection from multimedia increased performance on a creative problem-solving task in a group of hikers.
So instead of setting a fitness goal, why rot set a creativity goal that just starts with walking outdoors?___5___For example,you can turn off your phone and give yourself the chance to be present in the world,to hear conversations and natural sounds, and to notice the way people move and the way the sun reflects in a lake. Walk not just for exercise.Walk for wonder.
A．In fact,you often fail to do it by yourself.
B．Engage more closely with your surroundings.
C．Without enough energy, you cannot wonder or create.
D．The physical movement during walking is obviously key.
E．You can walk through a park and observe people relaxing or birds singing.
F．But you don’t have to live near a forest to receive the psychological benefits.
G．However, this habit isn’t just a healthy habit but a necessary element of creativity.

（2023屆北京市平谷區(qū)高三一模英語試卷）Coral reefs are the rainforests of the ocean. They exist on vast scales and are equally important havens of biodiversity. Reefs occupy 0.1% of the oceans. ____6____
Corals are useful to people. Without the protection which reefs afford from crashing waves, low-lying islands such as the Maldives would have flooded long ago, and a billion people would lose food or income. However, reefs are under threat from rising sea temperatures. Heat causes the algae (海藻) with which corals are living together to generate toxins (毒素) that force those coral to leave. ____7____
Research groups around the world are coming up with plans of action to see if that will help, such as identifying naturally heat-resistant corals and cross-breeding such corals to create a new type. ____8____ Without carbon reduction and decline in local, coral-killing pollution, even resistant corals will not survive the century.
Doubters doubt humanity will get its act together in time to make much difference.
____9____ Carbon targets are being set and ocean pollution is being dealt with. Countries that share responsibilities for reefs are starting to act together. Scientific workarounds can also be found. Natural currents can be applied to facilitate mass breeding. Sites of the greatest ecological and economical importance can be identified to maximize bang for buck.
____10____ It could serve as a blueprint for other ecosystems. Hard-core greens — those who think that all habitats should be kept unspoiled — may not approve. But when entire ecosystems are facing destruction, the cost of doing nothing is too great to bear.
A．This can cause a coral’s death.
B．But there are grounds for optimism.
C．And they host a quarter of marine species.
D．Coral’s global ecosystem services are worth up to $10trn a year.
E．This mix of natural activity and human intervention is important.
F．This research can also be brought to bear on trying to save entire ecosystems.
G．However, the assisted evolution of corals does not meet with universal enthusiasm.

（2023屆北京市房山區(qū)高三一模英語試卷）Has anyone ever told you, “Stand up straight!” or scolded you for sitting lazily at a family dinner? Comments like that might be annoying, but they’re not wrong.
____11____ It is the foundation for every movement your body makes, and can determine how well your body adapts to the stresses on it. These stresses can be things like carrying weight, or sitting in an awkward position. ____12____
If your posture isn’t good enough, your muscles have to work harder to keep you upright and balanced. Some muscles will become tight and inflexible. ____13____ It increases the likelihood of accidents, and makes some organs, like your lungs, less efficient.
So what does good posture look like? If you’re sitting, your neck should be vertical, not tilted forward. Your shoulders should be relaxed with your arms close to your trunk. Your knees should be at a right angle with your feet flat on the floor. But what if your posture can’t be that great? ____14____ For example, adjust your screen so it’s at or slightly below eye level. Make sure all parts of your body, like your elbows and wrists, are supported.
It’s also not enough to just have good posture. Keeping your muscles and joints moving is extremely important. In fact, being still for long periods with good posture can be worse than regular movement with bad posture. ____15____ And be sure to exercise. Using your muscles will keep them strong enough to support you effectively, on top of all the other benefits to your joints, bones, brain and heart.
A．Try redesigning your environment.
B．You adjust your body unless you feel tired.
C．So if you sit a lot, get up and move around on occasion.
D．And the big one that we all experience every day is gravity.
E．Besides, poor posture leads to extra wear and tear on your joints.
F．Posture can even influence your emotional state and your sensitivity to pain.
G．Your posture refers to the way you hold your body when you’re sitting or standing.

（2023屆北京市東城區(qū)高三一模英語試卷）With climate change continuing to worsen, our situation is beginning to feel increasingly serious. ____16____ Is it right? Maybe not.
Techno-optimism is one of the greatest misconceptions when it comes to solutions to ensure our future. It can be defined as a belief that future technologies will solve all of our current problems. This definition reinforces (強化) the idea that there’s no reason to panic or change our current energy-intensive lifestyle. All society needs to do is look to green technology to work its magic. ____17____
One of the best examples of this optimistic misconception is the electric car. Despite being highly regarded as an eco-friendly way to get around, electric cars are not the end for the future of transport. Batteries in electric cars use chemical elements which we could be seeing a shortage of by the midcentury. ____18____ Techno-optimism has led many to believe that if everyone just switched to driving electric vehicles, we would be making incredible steps towards sustainability. However, the reality is that the amount of resources and energy needed to produce enough electric vehicles for everyone is not even remotely sustainable.
____19____ Investing in public transportation and moving away from individually owned vehicles. Producing fewer cars. Improving recycling practices of old batteries. The solutions we seek should not be rooted in new technology, but be about changing the way our society functions.
Techno-optimism puts too much emphasis on technology and not enough on what we can do right this minute. Unfortunately, people seem to like the picture that techno-optimism paints. ____20____ It is important to understand that the problem begins when we see those technologies as a way to make our current lifestyles eco-friendly. Until we are ready to face the need for a less complex life, we cannot make true progress towards sustainability.
A．So where should we look for answers instead?
B．The modern world’s simple solution is technology.
C．Moreover, they are more energy intensive to produce.
D．Is it a trap that many people have fallen into in recent years?
E．Unfortunately, this is an incredibly dangerous opinion to hold.
F．Despite any technology, we as a whole are not living sustainably.
G．Nevertheless, the truth is, we need a widespread change in our lifestyles.

（2023屆北京市西城區(qū)高三一模英語試卷）Adults are often embarrassed about asking for aid. It’s an act that can make people feel emotionally unsafe.____21____Seeking assistance can feel like you are broadcasting your incompetence.
New research suggests young children don’t seek help in school, even when they need it, for the same reason. Until recently, psychologists assumed that children did not start to care about their reputation and their friends’ thoughts about them until around age nine.
But our research suggests that as early as age seven, children begin to connect asking for help with looking incompetent in front of others. At some point, every child struggles in the classroom.____22____
To learn more about how children think about reputation, we created simple stories and then asked children questions about these situations to allow kids to showcase their thinking.
Across several studies, we asked 576 children, ages four to nine, to predict the behavior of two kids in a story. One of the characters genuinely wanted to be smart, and the other merely wanted to seem smart to others. In one study, we told children that both kids did poorly on a test.____23____The four-year-olds were equally likely to choose either of the two kids as the one who would seek help. But by age seven or eight, children thought that the kid who wanted to seem smart would be less likely to ask for assistance. And children’s expectations were truly “reputational” in nature-they were specifically thinking about how the characters would act in front of others. When assistance could be sought privately (on a computer rather than in person), children thought both characters were equally likely to ask for it.
____24____Teachers could give children more opportunities to seek assistance privately. They should also help students realize asking questions in front of others as normal, positive behavior. ____25____Parents could point out how a child’s question kicked off a valuable conversation in which the entire family got to talk and learn together. Adults could praise kids for seeking assistance. These responses send a strong signal that other people value a willingness to ask for aid and that seeking help is part of a path to success.
A．Kids could be afraid to ask their parents for help.
B．Seeking help could even be taught as socially desirable.
C．In another study we told them that only one kid did poorly.
D．Such reputational barriers likely require reputation-based solutions.
E．The moment you ask for directions, after all, you reveal that you are lost.
F．But if they are afraid to ask for help because their classmates are watching, learning will suffer.
G．We then asked which of these characters would be more likely to raise their hand in front of their class to ask the teacher for help.

（2023屆北京市朝陽區(qū)高三下學(xué)期一模英語試題）Once upon a time, we were all question-asking experts. We started asking our parents numerous questions as kids. By preschool, our inquiries even reached the depths of science, philosophy, and the social order. Where does the sun go at night? Why doesn’t that man have a home like we do? Why do rocks sink but ice floats? ____26____
Why does the child’s urge to ask questions grow inactive in so many adults? An important factor is how the social environments surrounding us change as we age. Schools transform from a place for asking questions to one funded by our ability to answer them. ____27____ And we recognize that society rewards the people who propose to have the answers.
____28____ We can be braver about asking questions in public and encouraging others to pursue their curiosity, too. In that encouragement, we help create an environment where those around us feel safe to ask questions.
When it comes to how we phrase questions, we are advised to open with less sensitive questions, favor follow-up questions, and keep questions open-ended. We can also practice asking questions of and for ourselves by keeping a running list of questions in a journal. ____29____ Finally, we could set aside time to ask absurd questions like “How would you accomplish a week’s work in two hours?” This type of questions forces us to break the boundaries of our comfort zone.
In the world that does not look much as it did years ago, we must ask questions. ____30____ Great questions can open up our capacity to change because they allow us to draw people in, opening them up to sharing knowledge, ideas, and opinions. And they are also our primary means of learning about the world. In short, asking questions is the best way to deepen our understanding of the things that matter to our life. As any child could probably tell us if we asked.
A．Then, at some point, our inquiring desires disappear.
B．It is a high-payoff behavior especially in times of change.
C．The questions we ask depend on our attitudes as well as the situations.
D．But as we grow up, asking questions fills us with worry and self-doubt.
E．As such, one way to renew our inquiring spirit is to change the atmosphere.
F．We learn to sell ourselves on the job market by what we know, not what we don’t.
G．It not only removes the publicity from question asking, but offers us a place to experiment.

（2023屆北京市豐臺區(qū)高三下學(xué)期一模英語試題）Expressive writing or journaling is one way to help you heal from trauma (創(chuàng)傷).___31___. It can help you process what you’ve been through and assist you as you envision a path forward.
Why does a writing intervention work?___32___In fact, narrating the story of an ongoing anxiety “frees up” cognitive resources. When you write down the emotions associated with a traumatic experience, you may be changing the way it is organized in the brain. You are then able to detach from the emotion, making it easier for you to talk about and process the event.
However, for most people, the thought of acknowledging emotions and admitting that there’s something wrong with us is difficult. This is because expressing emotions can bring up feelings of guilt and shame.___33___That is what sets journaling apart. This is between you and your journal — you don’t have to share it with anyone unless, of course, you choose to.
If you’re interested in trying out writing as a tool for healing, start your writing by setting a timer for ten minutes.___34___Think of one object in your home that signifies a moment for you. See it in full color. Feel the weight of it. Use all your senses. Now, write about that object and see how large its meaning can become.
___35___How you heal from trauma can be different from person to person as well. It all depends on what works best for you. Remember, one size does not fit all. Writing may not work for everyone, but you won’t know if you don’t try.
A．Despite that, expressive writing remains an accessible tool.
B．Of course, expressive writing is hardly a panacea (靈丹妙藥).
C．Also, seeking help for emotional stress is often seen as a sign of weakness.
D．It may seem abnormal that writing about negative experiences has a positive effect.
E．Once you have a better handle on your problems, you can move forward and get on with life.
F．It is writing from your heart and mind and about the emotion associated with a certain event.
G．Let your mind go to the detailed, specific moments to get to the feelings and truth of your experience.

（北京市延慶區(qū)2022-2023學(xué)年高三下學(xué)期一模英語質(zhì)量檢測）Why Boundaries at Work Are Essential
What is a boundary, you ask? A boundary is a limit defining you in relation to someone or something. ____36____ If you have informed someone that this is your office space, your desk, or your chair, you have attempted to set physical boundaries.
Letting co-workers know you are not comfortable shaking their hands or hugging them at a holiday party, especially with Covid at this time, is another example of setting a physical boundary. It is often easier to understand a physical boundary. Emotional or mental boundaries may be subtler (更微妙的). ____37____
Emotional boundaries are related to our feelings and how something or someone’s behavior affects us. For example, if a boss treats you disrespectfully by yelling at you or a colleague frequently interrupts you in meetings, you are likely to feel hurt, embarrassed, and perhaps angry. Understandably, by having a courageous conversation with both your boss and co-worker about their behavior, the impact it has on you, and your expectations regarding future behavior, you are setting healthy emotional boundaries for yourself at work.
Sometimes we set a boundary that is a combination of both a physical and emotional one. ____38____ One example of this is being repeatedly asked to work late during the week/weekends or while on vacation. Another example is being required to see too many clients or patients to the point we feel tired at the end of the day and exhausted by Friday. Often, the above workplace demands lead to increased stress and a high potential for burnout (倦怠) over time.
Mental boundaries are related to our beliefs, values, cultural norms, ethics (道德), and standards. For example, you value a workplace culture that treats employees and clients with respect and dignity and acts ethically. After six months, you realize that company leaders are repeatedly behaving in ways not consistent with this. ____39____ Over time, this may lead to significant stress and physical symptoms within.
____40____ Boundaries serve many functions. They help protect us, clarify our responsibility, preserve our physical and emotional energy, and live our values and standards. Learning the skill of boundary setting helps empower us to prioritize our values and well-being and better manage our stress. Identifying, setting, and maintaining boundaries are skills — valuable skills that, unfortunately, we are often not taught in school or the workplace.
A．Why are boundaries important?
B．However, they are equally, if not more, important.
C．Therefore, we need to tell the difference between them.
D．Setting a boundary in the above example may be quite helpful.
E．Boundaries can be physical, mental, emotional, tangible, or intangible.
F．Your values and ethical standards don’t match with your company’s, which likely will lead to internal conflict.
G．Such boundaries often involve being asked to do more than we feel capable of for an extended period of time.

（2023屆北京市石景山區(qū)高三統(tǒng)一練習(xí)英語試卷）Offload Thoughts
In our busy world, we rush from task to task, often leaving us feeling easily angered. We seek out technology or brain-enhancing products to help us optimize (最優(yōu)化) our productivity, but end up running on a never-ending hamster(倉鼠) wheel. ____41____ It feels like our entire lives are engineered toward one question: How much can I get done in the least amount of time?
Research shows that spending too much time optimizing our thoughts for perfect outcomes not only leaves us feeling exhausted, but can also have harmful effects on our wellbeing and work output. Optimizing thoughts requires being highly focused. But it just goes against the way our minds work. That is to say, efficiency isn’t always productive when we pursue it. ____42____ And to some extent, it can even cause impulsive (魯莽的) decision-making.
Our brain essentially has two main modes of operating: the “focus network” and the “default mode network.” When one network works, the other physically can’t turn on. The modern world often demands we live in the focus network and the default mode network is often less celebrated. ____43____ So in order to make more effective decisions and feel better in our daily lives, we have to spend less time in our brain’s “focus network.”
Cognitive (認(rèn)知的) offloading is an accessible practice. It has the potential to not only release emotions, but enhance mental capabilities, too. Even just a few moments of creative flow — like offloading the feelings of anxiety by doodling (涂鴉) before a meeting — can have a strong impact on emotions. ____44____ We might try cognitive offloading as a transition from our action-oriented workday into a more relaxed evening routine.
____45____ And we can see what takes shape. Some unproductive pathways often can help us feel more creative, refreshed, and alive.
A．The functionality is simpler than you might imagine.
B．Give ourselves a few minutes to offload our emotions.
C．Being focused all the time can eventually lead to less self-control.
D．Fortunately, there is a way to stop this kind of always-on mentality.
E．It’s no surprise that the majority of us feel more exhausted than ever.
F．But spending more time on the latter offers a form of “insurance” for our emotions.
G．What’s more, this exercise can help give the brain the space to make new connections.


參考答案：
1．G 2．D 3．E 4．F 5．B

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。散步被認(rèn)為是最好的運動之一。對許多人來說，每天散步對身體和精神都有巨大而長期的好處。然而，這個習(xí)慣不僅僅是一個健康的習(xí)慣，也是創(chuàng)造力的必要因素。斯坦福大學(xué)的一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，與坐著相比，走路時人們更有創(chuàng)造力。
1．根據(jù)空白處上文“For many people,daily walking offers massive and long-term physical and mental benefits(對許多人來說，每天散步對身體和精神都有巨大而長期的好處)”以及下文“A Stanford University study found that participants were more creative when walking as opposed to sitting(斯坦福大學(xué)的一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，與坐著相比，參與者在走路時更有創(chuàng)造力).”可知，此處上下文說的是走路不僅有益于身體健康，也是有利于創(chuàng)造力的培養(yǎng)，G項“However, this habit isn’t just a healthy habit but a necessary element of creativity(然而，這個習(xí)慣不僅是一個健康的習(xí)慣，也是創(chuàng)造力的必要因素)”表達(dá)的含義一致，故選G項。
2．根據(jù)下文“Our creative mindset is triggered by physical movement(我們的創(chuàng)造性思維是由身體運動引發(fā)的)”可知，走路時的身體運動很重要，D項“The physical movement during walking is obviously key(走路時的身體運動顯然是關(guān)鍵)”表達(dá)的含義一致，講述身體運動是重要的。故選D項。
3．根據(jù)上文“Just by going outside, you are stepping out of your habitual surroundings and your comfort zone,which is necessary if you want to open your mind to new possibilities(只要走出去，你就走出了你習(xí)慣的環(huán)境和舒適區(qū)，如果你想打開你的思維，接受新的可能性，這是必要的)”可知此處說的是要到外面去走走，E項“You can walk through a park and observe people relaxing or birds singing(你可以穿過公園，觀察人們放松或鳥兒唱歌)”符合語境，承接上文，故選E項。
4．根據(jù)空白處上文“Shinrin-yoku, a common form of relaxation in Japan, suggests that being in the forest and walking among the trees can lower your stress levels. (Shinrin yoku是日本一種常見的放松方式，它建議在森林里和樹間散步可以降低你的壓力水平)”以及下文“Research has shown that immersion in nature and the disconnection from multimedia increased performance on a creative problem-solving task in a group of hikers.(研究表明，沉浸在大自然中并與多媒體的脫離提高了一群徒步旅行者創(chuàng)造性解決問題的能力)”可知此處上下文說的是在森林中散步是有益的，但是不在森林中一樣可以收到同樣的效果，F(xiàn)項“But you don’t have to live near a forest to receive the psychological benefits.(但你不必住在森林附近才能獲得心理上的好處)”符合語境，承上啟下，故選F項。
5．根據(jù)下文“For example,you can turn off your phone and give yourself the chance to be present in the world,to hear conversations and natural sounds, and to notice the way people move and the way the sun reflects in a lake.( 例如，你可以關(guān)掉手機，讓自己有機會出現(xiàn)在這個世界上，聽到對話聲和自然的聲音，注意人們走動的方式和陽光在湖中的反射方式)”可知，此處說的是要更加近地走進你周圍的環(huán)境，B項“Engage more closely with your surroundings(更緊密地參與你的環(huán)境)”符合語境，故選B項。
6．C 7．A 8．G 9．B 10．E

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。珊瑚礁對海洋生態(tài)系統(tǒng)和人類至關(guān)重要，但是珊瑚礁正受到海水溫度上升的威脅，研究人員正在采用自然活動和人為干預(yù)相結(jié)合的措施進行保護。
6．根據(jù)前文“Coral reefs are the rainforests of the ocean. They exist on vast scales and are equally important havens of biodiversity.(珊瑚礁是海洋中的熱帶雨林。它們規(guī)模龐大，同樣是生物多樣性的重要避風(fēng)港。)”可知，此處是講珊瑚礁是海洋生物多樣性的重要避風(fēng)港，所以選項C“它們是四分之一海洋物種的家園?！鼻泻衔囊?。故選C。
7．根據(jù)前文“Heat causes the algae (海藻) with which corals are living together to generate toxins (毒素) that force those coral to leave.(高溫會導(dǎo)致與珊瑚共生的藻類產(chǎn)生毒素，迫使珊瑚離開。)”可知，此處是指這種情況會導(dǎo)致珊瑚死亡。所以選項A“這會導(dǎo)致珊瑚死亡?！鼻泻衔囊?。故選A。
8．根據(jù)前文“Research groups around the world are coming up with plans of action to see if that will help, such as identifying naturally heat-resistant corals and cross-breeding such corals to create a new type. (世界各地的研究小組正在制定行動計劃，看看這是否會有所幫助，比如識別天然耐熱珊瑚，并對這種珊瑚進行雜交，以創(chuàng)造一種新的珊瑚。)”和后文“Without carbon reduction and decline in local, coral-killing pollution, even resistant corals will not survive the century.(如果不減少碳排放，不減少對當(dāng)?shù)厣汉髟斐蓚Φ奈廴?，即使是有抵抗力的珊瑚也無法在本世紀(jì)存活。)”可知，此處是指珊瑚的輔助進化并沒有受到普遍的支持，所以選項G“然而，珊瑚的輔助進化并沒有受到普遍的支持。”切合文意。故選G。
9．根據(jù)后文“Carbon targets are being set and ocean pollution is being dealt with. Countries that share responsibilities for reefs are starting to act together.(碳排放目標(biāo)正在制定，海洋污染正在處理。對珊瑚礁負(fù)有共同責(zé)任的國家開始共同行動。)”可知，此處是指情況也有好的趨勢，所以選項B“但我們有理由感到樂觀。”切合文意。故選B。
10．根據(jù)前文“Carbon targets are being set and ocean pollution is being dealt with. Countries that share responsibilities for reefs are starting to act together. Scientific workarounds can also be found. Natural currents can be applied to facilitate mass breeding. Sites of the greatest ecological and economical importance can be identified to maximize bang for buck.(碳排放目標(biāo)正在制定，海洋污染正在處理。對珊瑚礁負(fù)有共同責(zé)任的國家開始共同行動?？茖W(xué)的變通方法也可以找到。自然水流可用于促進大規(guī)模繁殖。可以確定最具生態(tài)和經(jīng)濟重要性的地點，以最大限度地降低成本。)”和后文“It could serve as a blueprint for other ecosystems.(它可以作為其他生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的藍(lán)圖。)”可知，此處是指這種自然活動和人為干預(yù)的結(jié)合很有好處，所以選項E“這種自然活動和人為干預(yù)的結(jié)合很重要?！鼻泻衔囊狻９蔬xE。
11．G 12．D 13．E 14．A 15．C

【導(dǎo)語】本文為一篇說明文。主要介紹了站姿和坐姿不正確的危害以及調(diào)整方式。
11．根據(jù)空后“It is the foundation for every movement your body makes, and can determine how well your body adapts to the stresses on it.（它是你身體所有動作的基礎(chǔ)，并且能決定你的身體對壓力的適應(yīng)程度。）”可知，空后的it指代的是G項“你的姿勢是你坐著或站著的時候你支撐身體的方式。”中的your posture，本空介紹了什么是你的姿勢，空后說明姿勢的功能，故選G項。
12．根據(jù)空前“These stresses can be things like carrying weight, or sitting in an awkward position.（這些壓力可以是負(fù)重或坐在一個不舒服的位置。）”可知，空前介紹了身體所承受壓力有負(fù)重和坐在不舒服的位置，故D項“我們每天承受的最大壓力就是重力”符合，本空進一步介紹我們每天要承受的壓力還有重力，故選D項。
13．根據(jù)空前“Some muscles will become tight and inflexible.(一些肌肉會變得緊，變得僵硬。)”可知，E項“而且，不良的姿勢會對你的關(guān)節(jié)造成額外的磨損?！笔强涨暗捻樍x承接，空前提出了不良姿勢會讓身體肌肉變得緊，變得僵硬，本空的“Besides”，進一步說明不良姿勢會造成關(guān)節(jié)的額外磨損，故選E項。
14．根據(jù)空前“But what if your posture can’t be that great?(但是，如果你的姿勢不可能那么好呢？)”和空后“For example, adjust your screen so it’s at or slightly below eye level. Make sure all parts of your body, like your elbows and wrists, are supported.(例如，調(diào)整屏幕，使其處于或略低于眼鏡水平。確保你的身體的所有部位，如肘部和手腕，都得到支撐。)”可知，空前提出問題，空后舉例說明要調(diào)整屏幕，故A項“試著重新調(diào)整你的環(huán)境”符合，如果姿勢不能那么好，那就選擇調(diào)整環(huán)境你，故選A項。
15．根據(jù)空前“In fact, being still for long periods with good posture can be worse than regular movement with bad posture.(事實上，以良好的姿勢長時間靜止可能比以不良姿勢進行有規(guī)律的運動更糟糕。)”可知，空前提出了良好姿勢的長時間靜止比以不良姿勢運動更糟糕，故C項“因此，如果你經(jīng)常坐著，偶爾要站起來走動一下”符合，空前提出了長時間靜止對身體并不好，故要偶爾站起來走動一下，故選C項。
16．B 17．E 18．C 19．A 20．G

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章指出“技術(shù)樂觀主義”試圖用技術(shù)解決當(dāng)前的氣候問題，作者用電動汽車的例子來證明這種想法似乎是沒用的。改變我們的社會運作方式，以及人們的生活方式才是解決問題的關(guān)鍵所在。
16．根據(jù)上文“With climate change continuing to worsen, our situation is beginning to feel increasingly serious.(隨著氣候變化的持續(xù)惡化，我們的情況開始變得越來越嚴(yán)重)”可知，氣候問題持續(xù)惡化，人類的情況開始變得越來越嚴(yán)重。由此推知，人類可能會采取解決氣候問題的辦法。結(jié)合下文“Techno-optimism is one of the greatest misconceptions when it comes to solutions to ensure our future. It can be defined as a belief that future technologies will solve all of our current problems.(當(dāng)談到確保我們未來的解決方案時，技術(shù)樂觀主義是最大的誤解之一。它可以被定義為相信未來的技術(shù)將解決我們當(dāng)前的所有問題)”可知，人們試圖依靠技術(shù)來解決氣候問題。B項“The modern world’s simple solution is technology.(現(xiàn)代世界的簡單解決方案就是技術(shù))”符合題意。故選B。
17．空處位于段末應(yīng)承接上文。根據(jù)上文“Techno-optimism is one of the greatest misconceptions when it comes to solutions to ensure our future. It can be defined as a belief that future technologies will solve all of our current problems. This definition reinforces (強化) the idea that there’s no reason to panic or change our current energy-intensive lifestyle. All society needs to do is look to green technology to work its magic.(當(dāng)談到確保我們未來的解決方案時，技術(shù)樂觀主義是最大的誤解之一。它可以被定義為相信未來的技術(shù)將解決我們當(dāng)前的所有問題。這個定義強化了這樣一種觀點，即沒有理由恐慌或改變我們當(dāng)前的能源密集型生活方式。社會所需要做的就是期待綠色技術(shù)發(fā)揮其魔力)”可知，上文提到了“沒有理由恐慌或改變我們當(dāng)前的能源密集型生活方式”這種觀點，由此推知，下文應(yīng)對這種觀點進行評價。E項“Unfortunately, this is an incredibly dangerous opinion to hold.(不幸的是，這是一個極其危險的觀點)”符合題意。故選E。
18．根據(jù)上文“One of the best examples of this optimistic misconception is the electric car. Despite being highly regarded as an eco-friendly way to get around, electric cars are not the end for the future of transport. Batteries in electric cars use chemical elements which we could be seeing a shortage of by the midcentury.(電動汽車就是這種樂觀誤解的最好例子之一。盡管電動汽車被高度認(rèn)為是一種環(huán)保的出行方式，但它并不是未來交通的終點。電動汽車中的電池使用的化學(xué)元素到本世紀(jì)中葉可能會出現(xiàn)短缺)”可知，上文提到了電動汽車的弊端。結(jié)合本段主要談?wù)摗皹酚^誤解”推知，空處應(yīng)繼續(xù)對電動汽車的弊端進行陳述。C項“Moreover, they are more energy intensive to produce.(此外，它們的生產(chǎn)更耗能)”符合題意。故選C。
19．空處位于段首，應(yīng)為本段主旨句或引出本段內(nèi)容。根據(jù)下文“Investing in public transportation and moving away from individually owned vehicles. Producing fewer cars, Improving recycling practices of old batteries. The solutions we seek should not be rooted in new technology, but be about changing the way our society functions.(投資公共交通，遠(yuǎn)離個人擁有的車輛。生產(chǎn)更少的汽車，改善舊電池的回收利用做法。我們尋求的解決方案不應(yīng)該植根于新技術(shù)，而應(yīng)該改變我們社會的運作方式)”可知，作者認(rèn)為我們應(yīng)該改變社會的運作方式，這才是解決氣候問題的辦法。A項“So where should we look for answers instead?(那么，我們應(yīng)該在哪里尋找答案呢？)”符合題意，引出本段內(nèi)容，下文是對該問題的回答。故選A。
20．根據(jù)上文“Techno-optimism puts too much emphasis on technology and not enough on what we can do right this minute. Unfortunately, people seem to like the picture that techno-optimism paints.(技術(shù)樂觀主義過于強調(diào)技術(shù)，而對我們現(xiàn)在能做的事情卻不夠重視。不幸的是，人們似乎喜歡技術(shù)樂觀主義所描繪的畫面)”和下文“It is important to understand that the problem begins when we see those technologies as a way to make our current lifestyles eco-friendly. (重要的是要理解，當(dāng)我們將這些技術(shù)視為使我們當(dāng)前的生活方式環(huán)保的一種方式時，問題就開始了)”可知，人們似乎更喜歡依靠技術(shù)解決問題，當(dāng)我們把技術(shù)視為當(dāng)前的環(huán)保生活方式時，問題就開始了。由此可知，要解決氣候問題，不能只依靠技術(shù)，關(guān)鍵是要從很大程度上改變我們的生活方式。G項“Nevertheless, the truth is, we need a widespread change in our lifestyles.(然而，事實是，我們需要廣泛改變我們的生活方式)”符合題意。故選G。
21．E 22．F 23．G 24．D 25．B

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。給讀者提供建議，如何解決孩子因為害怕在他人面前呈現(xiàn)自己的無能而不愿提問尋求幫助這一問題。
21．上文“Adults are often embarrassed about asking for aid. It’s an act that can make people feel emotionally unsafe. (成年人在尋求援助時常常感到尷尬。這是一種會讓人們感到情緒不安全的行為。)”指出，成年人不愿意尋求幫助，是因為會讓他們感到情緒不安全。下文“Seeking assistance can feel like you are broadcasting your incompetence. (尋求幫助可能會讓人覺得你在散播自己的無能。)”指出，尋求幫助會讓人覺得你無能。選項E“The moment you ask for directions, after all, you reveal that you are lost. (畢竟，當(dāng)你問路的那一刻，你就表明你迷路了。)”延續(xù)上文，以問路表明自己的迷路這一例子呈現(xiàn)出為什么會讓人感到情緒不安全，也呈現(xiàn)出下文所說的表明了“你”的無能，故符合語境。故選E項。
22．上文“But our research suggests that as early as age seven, children begin to connect asking for help with looking incompetent in front of others. At some point, every child struggles in the classroom. (但我們的研究表明，早在七歲時，孩子們就開始將尋求幫助與在他人面前看起來無能聯(lián)系起來。在某些時候，每個孩子都在教室里掙扎。)”指出，孩童也會講尋求幫助和讓他人覺得自己無能聯(lián)系起來。選項F“But if they are afraid to ask for help because their classmates are watching, learning will suffer. (但是，如果他們因為同學(xué)在看而不敢尋求幫助，學(xué)習(xí)就會受到影響。)”進一步指出，如果孩子因為害怕呈現(xiàn)出自己的無能而不尋求幫助，這會帶來不良影響。故選F項。
23．上文“In one study, we told children that both kids did poorly on a test. (在一項研究中，我們告訴孩子們，兩個孩子在測試中都表現(xiàn)不佳。)”指出，在一個研究中，參與者得知了有兩個孩子在測試中表現(xiàn)不佳這一情況。選項G“We then asked which of these characters would be more likely to raise their hand in front of their class to ask the teacher for help. (然后，我們問這些角色中哪一個更有可能在課堂前舉手向老師尋求幫助。)”延續(xù)上文，繼續(xù)指出這個研究的下一個動作為：判斷這兩個孩子誰更有可能尋求老實的幫助。故選G項。
24．下文“Teachers could give children more opportunities to seek assistance privately. (教師可以給孩子們更多的機會私下尋求幫助。)”指出，教師應(yīng)該多私下提供機會幫助孩子們。選項D“Such reputational barriers likely require reputation-based solutions. (此類聲譽障礙可能需要基于聲譽的解決方案。)”指出，這類問題的解決需要一些特定的方案，下文是對這一表述的具體建議之一，故此句符合該語境要求。故選D項。
25．上文“They should also help students realize asking questions in front of others as normal, positive behavior. (他們還應(yīng)該幫助學(xué)生認(rèn)識到在別人面前提問是一種正常的、積極的行為。)”指出，要教育學(xué)生認(rèn)識到在他人面前提問是正常的行為。選項B“Seeking help could even be taught as socially desirable. (尋求幫助甚至可以被認(rèn)為是社會所需要的。)”指出尋求幫助是這會所需要的，這進一步佐證上文觀點，讓“在他人面前提問是正常積極的行為”這一觀點根據(jù)可信度，符合語境。故選B項。
26．A 27．F 28．E 29．G 30．B

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了隨著年齡的增長我們問問題的欲望不斷減少的原因和和應(yīng)對策略。
26．上文“Once upon a time, we were all question-asking experts.(曾幾何時，我們都是提問專家。)”提到了曾經(jīng)的我們都愛問問題，并列舉了一系列曾經(jīng)問過的問題。下文“Why does the child’s urge to ask questions grow inactive in so many adults?(為什么在許多成年人身上，孩子問問題的沖動變得不活躍了?)”提到了現(xiàn)在情況發(fā)生了轉(zhuǎn)折，A選項中inquiring與上文的問題呼應(yīng)，dispear與下文的inactive呼應(yīng)，所以A選項“然后，在某個時刻，我們的探究欲望消失了。”承上啟下，符合題意。故選A項。
27．下文“And we recognize that society rewards the people who propose to have the answers.(我們認(rèn)識到，社會會獎勵那些提出答案的人。)”提到了那些提出答案的人，F(xiàn)選項中what we know與下文那些提出答案的人呼應(yīng)，所以F選項“我們學(xué)會在就業(yè)市場上用我們知道的東西來推銷自己，而不是我們不知道的東西。”能引起下文內(nèi)容，符合語境。故選F項。
28．下文“We can be braver about asking questions in public and encouraging others to pursue their curiosity, too. In that encouragement, we help create an environment where those around us feel safe to ask questions.(我們可以更勇敢地在公共場合提問，也可以鼓勵其他人追求自己的好奇心。在這種鼓勵下，我們幫助創(chuàng)造一種環(huán)境，讓我們周圍的人可以放心地提出問題。)”提到了創(chuàng)造提問的環(huán)境，E選項中mosphere是關(guān)鍵詞，與下文的environment相呼應(yīng)，所以E選項“As such, one way to renew our inquiring spirit is to change the atmosphere(因此，要恢復(fù)我們的探究精神，一個方法就是改變氛圍)”能概括下文內(nèi)容。故選E項。
29．上文“We can also practice asking questions of and for ourselves by keeping a running list of questions in a journal.(我們也可以通過在日記中記錄問題列表來練習(xí)問自己問題。)”提到了通過日記記錄問題，G選項中a place是關(guān)鍵詞語上文的journal呼應(yīng)，所以G選項“這不僅消除了提問的公共性，還為我們提供了一個實驗的場所?！蹦艹薪由衔膬?nèi)容，符合語境。故選G項。
30．上文“In the world that does not look much as it did years ago, we must ask questions.(在這個與多年前大不相同的世界里，我們必須提出問題。)”提到了世界的變化，B選項中change是關(guān)鍵詞與上文呼應(yīng)，所以B選項“這是一種高回報的行為，尤其是在變革時期?！蹦芎魬?yīng)上文內(nèi)容。故選B項。
31．F 32．D 33．C 34．G 35．B

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文，文章主要介紹了一個能幫助人們從創(chuàng)傷中愈合的方法——表達(dá)性寫作。
31．上文“Expressive writing or journaling is one way to help you heal from trauma (創(chuàng)傷).(表達(dá)性寫作或日志是幫助你從創(chuàng)傷中愈合的一種方法)”提到表達(dá)性寫作，F(xiàn)項“這是發(fā)自內(nèi)心的寫作，是關(guān)于與某一事件相關(guān)的情感”進一步解釋表達(dá)性寫作，符合語境，故選F。
32．下文“In fact, narrating the story of an ongoing anxiety ‘frees up’ cognitive resources.(事實上，講述一個持續(xù)焦慮的故事可以‘釋放’認(rèn)知資源)”是解釋為什么寫下消極的經(jīng)歷能帶來積極的效果，故D項“把消極的經(jīng)歷寫下來會有積極的效果，這似乎不正?！狈险Z境，下文是對D項中看似不正常的現(xiàn)象進行解釋。故選D。
33．上文“This is because expressing emotions can bring up feelings of guilt and shame.(這是因為表達(dá)情緒會帶來內(nèi)疚和羞恥感)”是解釋人們很難承認(rèn)情緒有問題的原因，結(jié)合選項，C項“此外，為情緒壓力尋求幫助通常被視為軟弱的表現(xiàn)”和上文是并列關(guān)系，也是描述其原因，故選C。
34．上文“If you’re interested in trying out writing as a tool for healing, start your writing by setting a timer for ten minutes.(如果你想把寫作作為療傷的工具，那就設(shè)置一個十分鐘的計時器開始寫作吧)”建議開始寫作，G項“讓你的思緒回到細(xì)節(jié)、具體的時刻，去感受你的感受和你經(jīng)歷的真相”是描述方法，即如何開始寫作，符合語境，G項中的“the detailed, specific moments to get to the feelings”與下文“Think of one object in your home that signifies a moment for you. See it in full color. Feel the weight of it.(想想你家里的一件對你來說意味著某個時刻的物品。帶著滿滿的趣味去看它。感受它的重量)”呼應(yīng)。故選G。
35．根據(jù)本段中“How you heal from trauma can be different from person to person as well.(如何從創(chuàng)傷中痊愈也因人而異)”及“Writing may not work for everyone(寫作可能不適合所有人)”可知，本段主要講述寫作不是萬能的，不是所有人都適合，B項“當(dāng)然，表達(dá)性寫作不是靈丹妙藥”符合語境，故選B。
36．E 37．B 38．G 39．F 40．A

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文。文章論述了為什么工作中的界限至關(guān)重要。
36．根據(jù)下文“If you have informed someone that this is your office space, your desk, or your chair, you have attempted to set physical boundaries.(如果你告訴別人這是你的辦公室，你的桌子，或你的椅子，你已經(jīng)試圖設(shè)置物理邊界)”可知，此處在講述界限的類型。由此可知，E. Boundaries can be physical, mental, emotional, tangible, or intangible.(界限可以是身體上的、精神上的、情感上的、有形的或無形的)能夠銜接下文，符合此處語境。故選E。
37．根據(jù)上文“It is often easier to understand a physical boundary. Emotional or mental boundaries may be subtler (更微妙的).(物理邊界通常更容易理解。情感或精神界限可能更加微妙)”可知，此處在對比物理邊界和情感或精神界限。由此可知，B. However, they are equally, if not more, important.(然而，它們即使不是更重要，也同樣重要)能夠承接上文，其中they指代上文中的“物理邊界和情感或精神界限”，符合此處語境。故選B。
38．根據(jù)下文“One example of this is being repeatedly asked to work late during the week/weekends or while on vacation. Another example is being required to see too many clients or patients to the point we feel tired at the end of the day and exhausted by Friday.(其中一個例子就是反復(fù)被要求在工作日/周末或假期加班。另一個例子是，我們被要求看太多的客戶或病人，以至于我們在一天結(jié)束時感到疲憊，到周五就筋疲力盡了)”可知，此處講述的是我們會被要求做一些超出我們感覺能力范圍的事情。由此可知，G. Such boundaries often involve being asked to do more than we feel capable of for an extended period of time.(這種界限經(jīng)常包括在很長一段時間內(nèi)被要求做一些超出我們感覺能力范圍的事情)能夠銜接下文，符合此處語境。故選G。
39．根據(jù)上文“For example, you value a workplace culture that treats employees and clients with respect and dignity and acts ethically. After six months, you realize that company leaders are repeatedly behaving in ways not consistent with this.(例如，你看重一種尊重員工和客戶、行為合乎道德的職場文化。六個月后，你意識到公司領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的行為一再與此不一致)”及常識可知，當(dāng)個人價值觀和道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與公司不一致時，可能會導(dǎo)致內(nèi)部沖突。由此可知，F(xiàn). Your values and ethical standards don’t match with your company’s, which likely will lead to internal conflict.(你的價值觀和道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與公司不一致，這可能會導(dǎo)致內(nèi)部沖突)能夠承接上文，符合此處語境。故選F。
40．根據(jù)下文“Boundaries serve many functions. They help protect us, clarify our responsibility, preserve our physical and emotional energy, and live our values and standards.(邊界有很多功能。它們有助于保護我們，明確我們的責(zé)任，保持我們的身體和情感能量，并實現(xiàn)我們的價值觀和標(biāo)準(zhǔn))”可知，本段主要介紹的是邊界對我們很重要。由此可知，A. Why are boundaries important? (為什么界限很重要？)能夠統(tǒng)領(lǐng)本段，符合此處語境。故選A。
41．E 42．C 43．F 44．G 45．B

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章描述了在當(dāng)今忙碌的世界，大腦需要高速運轉(zhuǎn)的現(xiàn)象，但一直保持專注不僅讓人疲憊，還不利于提高效率，最后文章提出了 “認(rèn)知卸載”的方法來使自己放松。
41．根據(jù)上文“We seek out technology or brain-enhancing products to help us optimize(最優(yōu)化) our productivity, but end up running on a never-ending hamster (倉鼠) wheel.(我們尋求技術(shù)或增強大腦的產(chǎn)品來幫助我們優(yōu)化工作效率，但最終卻在無休止的倉鼠轉(zhuǎn)輪上奔跑)”可知，我們想提高工作效率卻最終在不停轉(zhuǎn)圈，故我們應(yīng)是感覺很疲憊，E項“我們大多數(shù)人比以往任何時候都感到疲憊，這并不奇怪”符合語境。故選E。
42．根據(jù)下文“And to some extent, it can even cause impulsive(魯莽的) decision-making.(在某種程度上，它甚至?xí)?dǎo)致魯莽的決策)”可知，even表示遞進關(guān)系，所以空處也是描述一直保持專注追求效率會導(dǎo)致的后果，C項“一直專注最終會導(dǎo)致自控力下降”符合語境。故選C。
43．上文“The modern world often demands we live in the focus network and the default mode network is often less celebrated.(現(xiàn)代世界經(jīng)常要求我們生活在焦點網(wǎng)絡(luò)中，而默認(rèn)模式網(wǎng)絡(luò)通常不那么受歡迎)”提到現(xiàn)代世界經(jīng)常要求我們在大腦的“焦點網(wǎng)絡(luò)”上花更多時間，結(jié)合下文“So in order to make more effective decisions and feel better in our daily lives, we have to spend less time in our brain’s ‘focus network.’(因此，為了做出更有效的決定，在日常生活中感覺更好，我們必須在大腦的‘焦點網(wǎng)絡(luò)’上花更少的時間)”可知，空處與上文是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，應(yīng)是講述在“默認(rèn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)”上花更多時間的好處，F(xiàn)項“但花更多時間在后者上，為我們的情緒提供了一種‘保險’”符合語境，故選F。
44．上文“Even just a few moments of creative flow — like offloading the feelings of anxiety by doodling (涂鴉) before a meeting — can have a strong impact on emotions.(即使只是幾分鐘的創(chuàng)意流動——比如在會議前涂鴉來緩解焦慮——也會對情緒產(chǎn)生強烈的影響)”提到認(rèn)知卸載的好處，結(jié)合選項，G項“更重要的是，這項運動可以幫助大腦建立新的聯(lián)系”進一步描述其好處。故選G。
45．空處位于末段，是總結(jié)上文，上文提到通過認(rèn)知卸載來使自己放松，故B項“給自己幾分鐘時間來釋放情緒”符合語境。故選B。

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