?（北京卷）-學(xué)易金卷：2023年高考英語(yǔ)考前押題密卷
英語(yǔ)·全解全析
第一部分：知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，30分）
第一節(jié) 完型填空（共10小題：每小題1.5分，共15分）
閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題紙上將該選項(xiàng)涂黑。
I moved into my house at the end of last year. I 1 noticed that there was a tree in the front yard. My partner told me they 2 it was a fig(無(wú)花果) tree and 3 sure enough, as the months went by, the tree grew huge leaves and 4 eventually came to fruition. Figs the size of my fist! My partner and I were 5 excited but we didn’t know what to do with all the figs.
About a week ago, my next door neighbour came and properly introduces himself. He then asks if he could pick up 6 some figs from my tree. Immediately, I 7 encouraged him to take as many as he liked. He told me that 12 years ago, the previous 8 owner of the house I live in now used to be very good friends with him and they planted this very fig tree way back then. I came home one day, to find a fruit box outside my front door. . This 9 filled my heart with happiness and gratitude. It reminded 10 me that there are still lively people in the world who want to do something nice for their neighbors.
1. A. feared B. noticed C. believed D. admitted
2. A.forgot B. discovered C. decided D. assumed
3. A. at random B. worst still C.most important D. sure enough
4. A.constantly B. temporarily C. eventually D. similarly
5. A. confused B. excited C. disappointed D. annoyed
6. A.break up B. tear down C. pick up D. make for
7. A. encouraged B. warned C. advised D. declined
8. A. previous B.punctual C.transparent D. voluntary
9. A.friction B. power C.gesture D. competence
10. A. taught B. warned C.invited D. reminded
1. 【答案】B
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)上下可知， 我注意到前院里有一棵樹(shù)。
2.【答案】D
【解析】 我的伙伴告訴我，他們認(rèn)為這是一棵無(wú)花果樹(shù)，
3.【答案】D
【解析】 考查固定短語(yǔ)。果然，隨著時(shí)間的推移，這棵樹(shù)長(zhǎng)出了巨大的葉子，最終結(jié)出了果實(shí)。
4. 【答案】C
【解析】 考查副詞。果然，隨著時(shí)間的推移，這棵樹(shù)長(zhǎng)出了巨大的葉子，最終結(jié)出了果實(shí)。
5. 【答案】B
【解析】 考查形容詞。無(wú)花果有我的拳頭那么大! 我的伙伴和我都很興奮，但我們不知道該如何處理這些無(wú)花果。
6. 【答案】C
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。大約一周前，我的隔壁鄰居來(lái)了，適當(dāng)?shù)亟榻B了自己。然后他問(wèn)是否可以從我的樹(shù)上摘一些無(wú)花果。
7. 【答案】A
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞。隨即，我鼓勵(lì)他想拿多少就拿多少。
8. 【答案】A
【解析】考查形容詞。他告訴我，12年前，我現(xiàn)在住的房子的前主人曾經(jīng)和他是很好的朋友，他們當(dāng)時(shí)就種了這棵無(wú)花果樹(shù)。
9. 【答案】C
【解析】考查名詞。 這一舉動(dòng)讓我心里充滿了幸福和感激。
10. 【答案】D
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞。它提醒我，世界上仍然有活潑的人想為他們的鄰居做一些好事。
第二節(jié) 語(yǔ)法填空（共10小題，每小題1.5分,共15分）
閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空，在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫(xiě)1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。
A
Growing up in a musical family, Samara Joy tried different music ____11____ (style) when she was a teenager. But ____12____ attracted her most was jazz because of its authenticity (真實(shí)性). She told that her songs ____13____ (inspire) by the old jazz songs she liked but with a modern explanation. She was determined to continue seeking to encourage the younger generation to get excited about jazz.
【答案】11．styles 12．what 13．were inspired
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一個(gè)記敘文。文章主要介紹了Samara Joy的家庭以及她喜歡的音樂(lè)風(fēng)格。
11．考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。句意：薩馬拉·喬伊生長(zhǎng)在一個(gè)音樂(lè)世家，十幾歲的時(shí)候就嘗試過(guò)不同的音樂(lè)風(fēng)格?？涨坝行稳菰~different，故空處需要填可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填styles。
12．考查主語(yǔ)從句。句意：但最吸引她的是爵士樂(lè)，因?yàn)樗恼鎸?shí)性。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為was，故was前為主語(yǔ)從句；從句中缺少主語(yǔ)，并需要表示“什么（東西）”，故需要用連接代詞what。故填what。
13．考查動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：她說(shuō)，她的歌曲靈感來(lái)自她喜歡的老爵士歌曲，但有一個(gè)現(xiàn)代的解釋。結(jié)合題干，此處需要填從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，其中時(shí)態(tài)需要和主句中的told進(jìn)行對(duì)應(yīng)，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)；her songs和inspire為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，her songs為復(fù)數(shù)，故需要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。故填were inspired。
B
Renewable methods for ____14____ (produce) electricity, such as wind turbines and solar panels, can only provide power on the days ____15____ wind blows or the sun shines. Electric batteries ____16____ (use) to store energy are expensive and can also be polluting. Finnish scientists came up with a simple solution that puts unwanted green electricity to work, heating 100 tons of sand to around 500℃. The sand stays hot for months; when energy ____17____ (require), air can be pumped through it and heated up. The air in turn heats a system that supplies hot water to heat nearby houses.
【答案】14．producing 15．when 16．used 17．is required
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要講述了芬蘭科學(xué)家提出的一個(gè)利用沙子的可再生發(fā)電方式。
14．考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：可再生發(fā)電方法，如風(fēng)力渦輪機(jī)和太陽(yáng)能電池板，只能在有風(fēng)或有太陽(yáng)的日子里提供電力?？涨盀榻樵~for，故空處需要填動(dòng)名詞doing的形式構(gòu)成“介賓”結(jié)構(gòu)。故填producing。
15．考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：可再生發(fā)電方法，如風(fēng)力渦輪機(jī)和太陽(yáng)能電池板，只能在有風(fēng)或有太陽(yáng)的日子里提供電力。分析句子可知，此處為定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞the days，表“時(shí)間”，從句中不缺主、賓、表和定語(yǔ)，故填關(guān)系副詞。故填when。
16．考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：用來(lái)儲(chǔ)存能量的電池價(jià)格昂貴，而且會(huì)造成污染。本句已有動(dòng)詞are,且空處沒(méi)有連詞，所以空處需用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；動(dòng)詞與空前名詞之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以空處需用過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)。故填used。
17．考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：當(dāng)需要能量時(shí)，空氣可以通過(guò)它來(lái)加熱。結(jié)合句意可知，此處為陳述客觀事實(shí)，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)即可；動(dòng)詞require和單數(shù)主語(yǔ)energy為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故需要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)be done的形式。故填is required。
C
This year, the 13th Spring Festival Joint Exhibition of Chinese Books, ____18____ theme was “Reading China”, was held on January 24th in 85 bookstores worldwide. It ____19____(carry) out a variety of activities such as book exhibitions and cultural performances. Books displayed in the exhibition were philosophical and artistic, which closely met the needs of overseas readers. Overall, this year’s book exhibition presented the newest and ____20____(fine) Chinese publications to local readers so that they could better understand China in the new era.
【答案】18．whose 19．carried 20．finest
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了以“讀中國(guó)”為主題的第十三屆中國(guó)圖書(shū)展，并且介紹了活動(dòng)內(nèi)容及展出書(shū)目等詳細(xì)情況。
18．考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：今年，以“讀中國(guó)”為主題的第十三屆中國(guó)圖書(shū)展于1月24日在全球85家書(shū)店舉行。分析句子可知，該句為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，從句中缺少定語(yǔ)，因此需使用關(guān)系代詞whose引導(dǎo)。故填whose。
19．考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：此次圖書(shū)展將會(huì)開(kāi)展書(shū)展、文藝演出等多種活動(dòng)。分析句子可知，空處與主語(yǔ)it構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系且陳述過(guò)去事實(shí)，因此可使用過(guò)去式。故填carried。
20．考查形容詞最高級(jí)。句意：總的來(lái)說(shuō)，今年的書(shū)展向當(dāng)?shù)刈x者展示了最新、最好的中國(guó)出版物，讓他們更好地了解新時(shí)代的中國(guó)。由并列連詞and和the newest（最新的）可知，空處應(yīng)使用形容詞最高級(jí)。故填finest。

第二部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，38分）
第一節(jié)（共14小題，每小題2分，共28分）
閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。
A
We offer art and performing classes to children, teens and adults. Our classes are listed on our website with direct links to register. Registration for our classes begins on May 25th.
Our Classes
We teach after-school programs, private and semi-private art classes. Summer.March Break and Christmas Day camps are available as well. Check out our online classes.
Join our art classes and develop your skills and creativity in painting, printmaking draw-ing- architecture, sculpture, fabric art, movie making, script writing, poetry confidence building skills and more. New programs are always being developed and are rarely repeated.
What Else We Do
We offer fun and exciting performance classes in our home base. Our home base is a beautiful studio designed by an architect as well as our two studios by the sea in Ambleside. We provide a creative setting for a hand on art and acting experience through classes and workshops. Specialized art education develops engaged, confident, well-rounded and creative chil-dren.Artistic activities train the brain to think spatially (空間地), solve problems creatively and support development in other subjects. Our elementary school programs bring exciting opportuníties for students to explore techniques and materials that are often beyond schools’ art classroom resources.
Where We Offer Classes
For parents looking for the convenience of extracurricular opportunities for their children, they can have experience by bringing our classes to their local school with a choice of lunchtime and after-school classes. We love our group of mobile schools with their greatly supportive volunteers! Or you can have us come to you for private classes!
21．How can the readers register the class?
A．By telephone.
B．By website.
C．By telegraph.
D．By mobile app.
22．What can students learn in the studios by the sea in Ambleside?
A．Performance.
B．Architecture.
C．Dancing.
D．Painting
23．What can we know about the class from the last paragraph?
A．Most parents want extra classes for their children.
B．Students can have classes in their local schools.
C．Volunteers in the training offer lunch to students.
D．Students can choose any place to attend the training.
【答案】21．B 22．A 23．B
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了一個(gè)提供兒童、青少年和成人藝術(shù)和表演課程的地方，并對(duì)具體細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行相關(guān)介紹。
21．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段第二句“Our classes are listed on our website with direct links to register.(我們的課程在我們的網(wǎng)站上列出，有直接的注冊(cè)鏈接)”可知，讀者可以通過(guò)網(wǎng)站注冊(cè)課程。故選B項(xiàng)。
22．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)小標(biāo)題What Else We Do下的二、三句“Our home base is a beautiful studio designed by an architect as well as our two studios by the sea in Ambleside. We provide a creative setting for a hand on art and acting experience through classes and workshops.(我們的基地是一個(gè)由建筑師設(shè)計(jì)的美麗的工作室，以及我們?cè)诎膊紶栙惖潞＿叺膬蓚€(gè)工作室。我們提供一個(gè)創(chuàng)造性的環(huán)境，通過(guò)課程和工作室來(lái)體驗(yàn)藝術(shù)和表演)”可知，學(xué)生們?cè)诎膊紶栙惖潞＿叺墓ぷ魇依锬軐W(xué)到的是表演。故選A項(xiàng)。
23．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段第一句“For parents looking for the convenience of extracurricular opportunities for their children, they can have experience by bringing our classes to their local school with a choice of lunchtime and after-school classes.(對(duì)于為孩子尋找方便的課外機(jī)會(huì)的家長(zhǎng)來(lái)說(shuō)，他們可以把我們的課程帶到當(dāng)?shù)氐膶W(xué)校，選擇午餐時(shí)間和課后課程)”可知，學(xué)生可以在當(dāng)?shù)氐膶W(xué)校上課。故選B項(xiàng)。
B
There’s another universe not far from land. It lacks buildings, trees, cars, cellphones and the Internet. Seemingly limitless water extends uninterruptedly in all directions. Civilization goes away, along with any sign of humanity. And it is why I’m really into sailing. I grew up around boats. My father liked sailing and built them. My older sister and I were stuffed into a car nearly every summer weekend until my late teens to make the trip from northeast Indiana to the south shore of Lake Erie in Ohio, where Talisman built by my father waited patiently through the week.
As a kid, I read the adventures of Robin Lee Graham, a traveller exploring the sea alone, in the pages of National Geographic and, later, in Graham's book, Dove. However, it wasn't until about 20 years ago, well into my adulthood, that I took up sailing in a serious way. I've made voyages in fair stormy and weather, on my own boats and those of my friends, and ranging from nearshore day sails to blue-water passages.
Still, I've made plenty of mistakes. While living in Asia, a sailing friend and I set off across the South China Sea and intended to get to Thailand, only to be pushed by a late-season typhoon that forced us to make landfall in Vietnam, glad to be alive.
Years later, my wife and I lived aboard our 37-foot ship, Symbiosis, while we saved enough to take a two-year leave from our jobs to journey down the U.S. Atlantic coast and through the Bahamas and the Caribbean. We visited many places that never see ships or airplanes and that are nearly impossible to reach anyway other than at the helm(舵柄) of a small boat. But boats are expensive and time-consuming. After returning from the Caribbean a few years ago, we decided to sell Symbiosis, resolving instead to sail only “other people's boats”. It didn't last, though. A few months ago, we found a good deal on a smaller sailboat—easier to maintain but still capable of some short offshore journeys. I think we'll name her Talisman.
24．What would the author do on summer weekends as a kid?
A．He would help his father build Talisman.
B．He would sail with his father and his sister.
C．He would explore northeast Indiana in a car.
D．He would bring human civilization to sailing.
25．What can we learn about the book Dove?
A．It has something to do with exploring the sea.
B．It was published in National Geographic.
C．It is the most famous work by Graham.
D．It was an inspiration for the author's writing.
26．Why did the author sell his ship Symbiosis?
A．It didn’t function well. B．He couldn’t afford to maintain it.
C．He found a better one to replace it. D．It was damaged seriously during a storm.
27．What is the author’s main purpose in writing the text?
A．To show his passion for sailing boats.
B．To stress the influence of adventures on him.
C．To discuss the problems of sailing on the sea.
D．To share his success in exploring the world.
【答案】24．B 25．A 26．B 27．A
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。作者講述了自己對(duì)航海的熱愛(ài)。
24．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“My father liked sailing and built them. My older sister and I were stuffed into a car nearly every summer weekend until my late teens to make the trip from northeast Indiana to the south shore of Lake Erie in Ohio… through the week(我父親喜歡帆船，于是造了它們。幾乎每個(gè)夏天的周末，我和妹妹都被塞進(jìn)一輛車(chē)?yán)?，從印第安納州東北部前往俄亥俄州的伊利湖南岸，父親制造的Talisman在那里耐心地等待了整整一個(gè)星期。)”可知，作者小時(shí)候會(huì)在夏天的周末與父親和妹妹一起航海。故選B。
25．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的“As a kid, I read the adventures of Robin Lee Graham, a traveller exploring the sea alone, in the pages of National Geographic and, later, in Graham's book, Dove.( 小時(shí)候，我讀過(guò)《國(guó)家地理》雜志上的羅賓·李·格雷厄姆的冒險(xiǎn)故事，他是一位獨(dú)自探索海洋的旅行者，后來(lái)又讀過(guò)格雷厄姆的書(shū)《鴿子》。)”可推斷，這本書(shū)與海上探索有關(guān)。故選A。
26．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的“But boats are expensive and time-consuming. After returning from the Caribbean a few years ago, we decided to sell Symbiosis, resolving instead to sail only ‘other people’s boats’.(但船既昂貴又費(fèi)時(shí)。幾年前從加勒比海回來(lái)后，我們決定賣(mài)掉Symbiosis，決定只駕駛“別人的船”。)”可知，Symbiosis是昂貴的，也是耗時(shí)的。由此可知，作者付不起保養(yǎng)的錢(qián)。故選B。
27．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“And it is why I’m really into sailing.(這就是我喜歡航海的原因。)”和下文的描述可知，作者寫(xiě)這篇文章的目的是通過(guò)記敘自己的過(guò)往，展現(xiàn)出對(duì)航海的激情。故選A。
C
Dreams, according to Carl Jung, reveal a certain amount of reality hidden during waking consciousness. In Jungian philosophy, the conflict and chaos experienced in dreams finally bring order to our lives. While Jung’s mystical theories are debatable, he was not mistaken about the importance of dreaming. A growing number of reports show that a continuous lack of dreaming is damaging our waking hours in many ways.
This trend is causing damage to our immune and metabolic (新陳代謝的) systems, let alone the electronic products that keep us up late at night are ruining our sleep patterns, which has long-term consequences on our memory system. One study showed that not allowing mice to have adequate amounts of REM (Rapid Eye Movement) sleep, the stage in which we dream, the mice couldn’t strengthen memories.
You might think this is just a sleep problem, but dreaming is inseparable from our night-time rest. We sleep in cycles, each lasting about 90 minutes; in a sleep cycle, we go through non-REM sleep before hitting REM. As the night progresses, REM sleep periods increase in length while deep sleep (one of the stages of non-REM sleep) decreases. The longer we sleep, the more time we spend in REM, which is why we are often dreaming when waking up in the morning. If we sleep less than seven hours, however, it becomes harder to achieve this level of REM.
The combination of sleeping and dreaming acts as an emotional stabiliser. We recover from emotional hurt faster when we sleep and dream properly. However, we’re not getting enough sleep to cycle through the stages to take advantage of this natural circadian anti-depressant (抗抑郁劑) — dreams. Instead, we get depressed and turn to alcohol or medicines to get to sleep, which only makes things worse because even one drink leads to late REM while anti-depressants promote deep sleep at the expense of REM.
We’re paying for this lack of dreaming in many ways. For example, a 2021 study stated that compared with quiet rest and non-REM sleep, REM promoted the formation of associative networks and the integration (整合) of unassociated information. Volunteers that experienced more REM sleep were better equipped for solving problems requiring creative solutions.
Rowan Hooper, the managing editor at New Scientist, writes that dreams that include an “emotional core” appear to be a main function of REM sleep and that we should look at sleep patterns as seriously as we do diet and exercise habits.
28．What’s Carl Jung’s view about dreams?
A．They cause chaos. B．They mirror reality.
C．They reveal secrets. D．They damage immunity.
29．What does “this trend” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A．Insufficient sleep. B．A constant state of dreamlessness.
C．Addiction to electronic products. D．More research on sleep and dreams.
30．What can we learn about REM?
A．REM helps people fight depression.
B．REM can be improved by anti-depressants.
C．REM sleep occurs before non-REM sleep.
D．The brain receives new information during REM sleep.
31．What’s the main idea of the passage?
A．The importance of sleep lies in dreams.
B．The absence of dreams is harmful to human beings.
C．Dreaming patterns are more important than we realise.
D．Dreaming has mystical power of strengthening memories.
【答案】28．B 29．B 30．A 31．B
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。越來(lái)越多的報(bào)告顯示，持續(xù)不做夢(mèng)會(huì)在很多方面損害我們醒著的時(shí)間。文章主要說(shuō)明了不做夢(mèng)會(huì)損害免疫和代謝系統(tǒng)，解釋了背后的原因以及對(duì)此的建議。
28．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Dreams, according to Carl Jung, reveal a certain amount of reality hidden during waking consciousness.(根據(jù)卡爾·榮格的說(shuō)法，夢(mèng)揭示了在清醒意識(shí)中隱藏的一定數(shù)量的現(xiàn)實(shí))”可知，卡爾·榮格認(rèn)為夢(mèng)反映了現(xiàn)實(shí)。故選B。
29．詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“A growing number of reports show that a continuous lack of dreaming is damaging our waking hours in many ways.(越來(lái)越多的報(bào)告表明，持續(xù)缺乏做夢(mèng)在很多方面損害了我們清醒的時(shí)間)”以及畫(huà)線詞后文“is causing damage to our immune and metabolic (新陳代謝的) systems (正在損害我們的免疫和代謝系統(tǒng))”可知，越來(lái)越多的報(bào)告顯示，持續(xù)不做夢(mèng)會(huì)在很多方面損害我們醒著的時(shí)間，這種趨勢(shì)（持續(xù)的無(wú)夢(mèng)狀態(tài)）正在損害我們的免疫和代謝系統(tǒng)。故畫(huà)線詞指的是“持續(xù)的無(wú)夢(mèng)狀態(tài)”。故選B。
30．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“ One study showed that not allowing mice to have adequate amounts of REM (Rapid Eye Movement) sleep, the stage in which we dream, the mice couldn’t strengthen memories.(一項(xiàng)研究表明，如果不讓小鼠有足夠的REM（快速眼動(dòng)）睡眠，即我們做夢(mèng)的階段，小鼠就無(wú)法增強(qiáng)記憶)”和倒數(shù)第三段“However, we’re not getting enough sleep to cycle through the stages to take advantage of this natural circadian anti-depressant (抗抑郁劑) — dreams. Instead, we get depressed and turn to alcohol or medicines to get to sleep, which only makes things worse because even one drink leads to late REM while anti-depressants promote deep sleep at the expense of REM.(然而，我們沒(méi)有足夠的睡眠來(lái)循環(huán)利用這種天然的晝夜節(jié)律抗抑郁劑——夢(mèng)。相反，我們會(huì)感到沮喪，并求助于酒精或藥物來(lái)入睡，這只會(huì)讓事情變得更糟，因?yàn)榧词挂槐埔矔?huì)導(dǎo)致快速眼動(dòng)晚期，而抗抑郁藥會(huì)以犧牲快速眼動(dòng)為代價(jià)促進(jìn)深度睡眠)”可知，夢(mèng)是一種天然的晝夜節(jié)律抗抑郁劑，做夢(mèng)會(huì)快速眼動(dòng)，所以快速眼動(dòng)有助于人們對(duì)抗抑郁。故選A。
31．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“A growing number of reports show that a continuous lack of dreaming is damaging our waking hours in many ways.(越來(lái)越多的報(bào)告顯示，持續(xù)不做夢(mèng)會(huì)在很多方面損害我們醒著的時(shí)間)”以及第二段“This trend is causing damage to our immune and metabolic (新陳代謝的) systems, let alone the electronic products that keep us up late at night are ruining our sleep patterns, which has long-term consequences on our memory system. One study showed that not allowing mice to have adequate amounts of REM (Rapid Eye Movement) sleep, the stage in which we dream, the mice couldn’t strengthen memories.(這種趨勢(shì)正在損害我們的免疫和代謝系統(tǒng)，更不用說(shuō)讓我們熬夜的電子產(chǎn)品正在破壞我們的睡眠模式，這對(duì)我們的記憶系統(tǒng)有長(zhǎng)期的影響。一項(xiàng)研究表明，如果不讓老鼠有足夠的REM(快速眼動(dòng))睡眠，也就是我們做夢(mèng)的階段，老鼠就不能加強(qiáng)記憶)”結(jié)合文章主要說(shuō)明了不做夢(mèng)會(huì)損害免疫和代謝系統(tǒng)，解釋了背后的原因以及對(duì)此的建議。可知，這篇文章的主旨是缺乏夢(mèng)對(duì)人類有害。故選B。
D
SnotBot is on a mission. The toaster-sized drone(無(wú)人機(jī))flies over the open ocean,directly above an unusual whale. On a boat nearby,Andy Rogan smiles with joy. Rogan has been studying whales in his entire career but had never seen this species.
Back in 2011,Lian Pin Koh and Serge Wich,conservation experts,wondered if there might be an easier way to get data of animals in the wild. Wildlife researchers often walk through forests. They may look closely at whales from boats or stay in helicopters to view animals from above. Such trips are usually dangerous. Plus,their noise may scare animals. And helicopters can’t fly very far over the ocean because there’s nowhere to land or refuel.
“We thought,’What if you fly over them with a flying camera?’’says Wich. So they put together a drone from a remote-control model airplane and camera equipment. And it did the trick. On a test flight,the drone caught an image of an orangutan(猩猩)at the top of a very tall tree. The pair realized this was just the beginning of a whole new way of doing conservation work.
Now Wich and his colleagues are building AI that automatically locates and recognizes animals. They call their project Conservation Al. When someone uploads an image or video,the model analyzes the data. Then the model recognizes anything it can. In the future,an AI model could keep watch,instead of forest guards. It could send warnings when seeing doubtful activities..
The team tested this idea in a study in East Africa. Volunteers in Tanzania pretended to be poachers(偷獵者). The researchers made drones fly over the actors at different times of the day. Overall,people looking at the drone images did a better job than the Al model at finding pretend poachers. The model picked out many things that weren’t people at all. But the model found poachers that most people missed. With a little more work, Wich thinks that systems like this will make it easier for conservationists to better protect endangered animals.
32．What can we infer about Conservation AI from the passage?
A．It can replace conservationists’ work. B．It works by studying data first.
C．It can punish the poachers. D．It is fully automated.
33．What is Wich’s attitude to the future of the AI model?
A．Critical. B．Hopeful C．Worried. D．Prejudiced.
34．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A．Achievements in Wildlife Conservation
B．Major Discoveries of Biological Species
C．AI Study Has Achieved a Breakthrough
D．Flying Robots Protect Endangered Wildlife
【答案】 32．B 33．B 34．D
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了一款飛行機(jī)器人SnotBot幫助保護(hù)瀕危野生動(dòng)物。
32．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“They call their project Conservation Al. When someone uploads an image or video, the model analyzes the data. (他們把這個(gè)項(xiàng)目稱為“人工智能保護(hù)”。當(dāng)有人上傳圖片或視頻時(shí)，這個(gè)模型就會(huì)分析數(shù)據(jù)。)”可推斷，“人工智能保護(hù)”的工作原理是先研究數(shù)據(jù)。故選B。
33．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“With a little more work, Wich thinks that systems like this will make it easier for conservationists to better protect endangered animals. (威奇認(rèn)為，再多做一點(diǎn)工作，這樣的系統(tǒng)將使環(huán)保主義者更容易更好地保護(hù)瀕危動(dòng)物。)”可推斷，維奇對(duì)人工智能模型的未來(lái)態(tài)度是充滿希望的。故選B。
34．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段“Now Wich and his colleagues are building AI that automatically locates and recognizes animals. (現(xiàn)在威奇和他的同事正在開(kāi)發(fā)一種可以自動(dòng)定位和識(shí)別動(dòng)物的人工智能。)”及全文可知，文章主要介紹了一款飛行機(jī)器人SnotBot幫助保護(hù)瀕危野生動(dòng)物。所以“Flying Robots Protect Endangered Wildlife(飛行機(jī)器人保護(hù)瀕危野生動(dòng)物)”作為文章標(biāo)題最為合適。故選D。
第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）
根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。
Back pain can make it difficult for many people to function in everyday life. ___35___ If you suffer from back pain, read on for four everyday fixes.
Our bodies need adequate movement throughout the day to avoid the stiffness that contributes to aches and pains. If the weather is good, don't hunt for the nearest parking spot; don't take the elevator when you have the option of one or two flights of stairs. When you need to sit for long periods, set a timer to get up every hour and be active for just a few minutes. ___36___
When we overuse our dominant side, we create muscle patterns of weakness and tension that increase pain, especially in our backs. Consider the actions you take repeatedly throughout the day that shift your weight to one side. ___37___ And use your opposite hand every so often for basic activities, such as opening doors.
Psychological stress is a noted risk factor for back pain, according to research. Most mental stress is caused by focusing on the past or future. ___38___ A few minutes a day of mindfulness can go a long way toward minimizing the impact of stress. Additionally, mindfulness practices like tai chi have all shown effectiveness in reducing back pain.
___39___ That is, you can create a game plan of daily activities to practice for back health. If your back hurts at the end of the day, don't just decide it was a “bad” day. Ask yourself if you practiced the activities to help you avoid the stress and tension. Taking an active, daily-life approach to maintaining a healthy body is the key to keeping back pain at bay.
A．Switch sides when you carry things.
B．It affects how you move, feel and think.
C．You should learn more about the cause of your pain.
D．Approach the health of your back as a responsibility.
E．So actively being mindful of the present reduces stress.
F．You'd better take a quick break to check in with your breathing.
G．More minutes of movement add up to big health benefits over time.
【答案】35．B 36．G 37．A 38．E 39．D
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了一些緩解背部疼痛的方法。
35．根據(jù)上文“Back pain can make it difficult for many people to function in everyday life.(背部疼痛會(huì)使許多人在日常生活中難以正常工作)”可知，本句繼續(xù)說(shuō)明背部疼痛對(duì)人們的影響，B選項(xiàng)中It指代上文Back pain。故B選項(xiàng)“它影響你的行動(dòng)、感覺(jué)和思考”符合語(yǔ)境，故選B。
36．根據(jù)上文“Our bodies need adequate movement throughout the day to avoid the stiffness that contributes to aches and pains. If the weather is good, don't hunt for the nearest parking spot; don't take the elevator when you have the option of one or two flights of stairs. When you need to sit for long periods, set a timer to get up every hour and be active for just a few minutes.(我們的身體在一天中需要足夠的運(yùn)動(dòng)，以避免導(dǎo)致疼痛的僵硬。如果天氣很好，不要尋找最近的停車(chē)位；如果你可以選擇一段或兩段樓梯，就不要乘電梯。當(dāng)你需要長(zhǎng)時(shí)間坐著的時(shí)候，設(shè)置一個(gè)計(jì)時(shí)器，每小時(shí)起來(lái)活動(dòng)幾分鐘)”可知，本段主要說(shuō)明了盡量多運(yùn)動(dòng)，本句為本段最后一句，應(yīng)繼續(xù)說(shuō)明運(yùn)動(dòng)的影響：對(duì)健康有很大的好處。故G選項(xiàng)“隨著時(shí)間的推移，運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)間的增加對(duì)健康有很大的好處”符合語(yǔ)境，故選G。
37．根據(jù)上文“When we overuse our dominant side, we create muscle patterns of weakness and tension that increase pain, especially in our backs. Consider the actions you take repeatedly throughout the day that shift your weight to one side.(當(dāng)我們過(guò)度使用慣用的那一側(cè)時(shí)，我們就會(huì)產(chǎn)生肌肉無(wú)力和緊張的模式，增加疼痛，尤其是在我們的背部?？紤]一下你每天重復(fù)做的那些讓你的體重向一邊轉(zhuǎn)移的動(dòng)作)”以及后文“And use your opposite hand every so often for basic activities, such as opening doors.(經(jīng)常用另一只手做一些基本的動(dòng)作，比如開(kāi)門(mén))”可知，上文提到“考慮一下你每天重復(fù)做的那些讓你的體重向一邊轉(zhuǎn)移的動(dòng)作”，即換邊使用手，故A選項(xiàng)“拿東西的時(shí)候換一邊”符合語(yǔ)境，故選A。
38．根據(jù)上文“Psychological stress is a noted risk factor for back pain, according to research. Most mental stress is caused by focusing on the past or future.(研究表明，心理壓力是背痛的一個(gè)重要風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素。大多數(shù)精神壓力都是由關(guān)注過(guò)去或未來(lái)引起的)”可知，本句與上文構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系，指出應(yīng)關(guān)注當(dāng)下。故E選項(xiàng)“所以積極地關(guān)注當(dāng)下可以減少壓力”符合語(yǔ)境，故選E。
39．根據(jù)后文“That is, you can create a game plan of daily activities to practice for back health. If your back hurts at the end of the day, don't just decide it was a “bad” day. Ask yourself if you practiced the activities to help you avoid the stress and tension. Taking an active, daily-life approach to maintaining a healthy body is the key to keeping back pain at bay.(也就是說(shuō)，你可以制定一個(gè)日?；顒?dòng)的游戲計(jì)劃來(lái)練習(xí)背部健康。如果你在一天結(jié)束的時(shí)候背痛，不要只是認(rèn)為這是“糟糕的一天”。問(wèn)問(wèn)自己，你是否練習(xí)過(guò)這些活動(dòng)來(lái)幫助你避免壓力和緊張。采取積極的日常生活方式來(lái)保持健康的身體是控制背痛的關(guān)鍵)”可知，后文提到制定一個(gè)日?；顒?dòng)的游戲計(jì)劃來(lái)練習(xí)背部健康，即保持背部健康看作一項(xiàng)任何或是責(zé)任。故D選項(xiàng)“把保持背部健康視為一種責(zé)任”符合語(yǔ)境，故選D。
第三部分 書(shū)面表達(dá)（共兩節(jié)，共32分）
第一節(jié) 閱讀表達(dá)（共4小題，第40、41題各2分，第42題3分，第43題5分，共12分）
閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英語(yǔ)回答問(wèn)題。請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡指定區(qū)域作答。
Scientists are increasingly warning that sitting for long periods even if you also exercise regularly could be bad for your health. And it doesn’t matter where the sitting takes place at the office, at school, in the car or before a computer or TV — just the overall number of hours it occurs. Several studies suggest people who spend most of their days sitting are more likely to be fat, have a heart attack or even die.
In an editorial published this week in the British Joumal of Sports Medicine, Elin Ekblom-Bak of the Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences suggested that authorities rethink how they define physical activity to highlight the dangers of sitting.
While health officials have issued guidelines recommending minimum amounts of physical activity, they haven’t suggested people try to limit how much time they spend in a seated position. “After four hours of sitting, the body starts to send harmful signals,” said Ekblom-Bak. She explained that sitting too long slows the metabolism-which affects our ability to regulate blood sugar and blood pressure, and metabolise fat-and may cause weaker muscles and bones.
Even for people who exercise, spending long periods of time sitting at a desk is still harmful. Tim Armstrong, a physical activity expert at the World Health Organization, said people who exercise every day-but still spend much time sitting-might get more benefits if that exercise was spread across the day, rather than in a single bout (一回).
Experts said more research is needed to figure out just how much sitting is dangerous, and what might be possible to offset (抵消) those effects.
“People should keep exercising because that has a lot of benefits,” Ekblom-Bak said. “But when they are in the office, they should try to interrupt sitting as often as possible,” she said.
41．What are the possible bad effects of sitting for a long time?
________________
42．What is the next step for the current research on sitting long hours?
________________
43．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
? Sitting for long periods is bad for your health. However, doing exercise once a day is enough to get rid of the impact of sitting too much.
________________
44．What habits do you think are good for your health? Why?
________________
【答案】41．They are more likely to be fat, have a heart attack or even die.
42． More research is needed to figure out just how much sitting is dangerous, and what might be possible to offset those effects.
43．Because even for people who exercise, spending long periods of time sitting at a desk is still harmful. 44．We should not sit still for a long time and try to break the sitting time as much as possible, because sitting for a long time does great harm to our health.
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了研究表明，一天中大部分時(shí)間坐著的人更容易發(fā)胖、患心臟病甚至死亡，久坐對(duì)我們的身體有著很大的傷害。
41．考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中“Several studies suggest people who spend most of their days sitting are more likely to be fat, have a heart attack or even die.(幾項(xiàng)研究表明，一天中大部分時(shí)間坐著的人更容易發(fā)胖、患心臟病甚至死亡)”可知，久坐的人可能更容易發(fā)胖、患心臟病甚至死亡。故答案為T(mén)hey are more likely to be fat, have a heart attack or even die.
42．考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Experts said more research is needed to figure out just how much sitting is dangerous, and what might be possible to offset (抵消) those effects.(專家表示，需要更多的研究來(lái)弄清楚坐多久是危險(xiǎn)的，以及怎樣才能抵消這些影響)”可知，目前關(guān)于久坐的研究的下一步是需要更多的研究來(lái)弄清楚坐多久是危險(xiǎn)的，以及怎樣才能抵消這些影響。故答案為More research is needed to figure out just how much sitting is dangerous, and what might be possible to offset those effects.
43．考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段“Even for people who exercise, spending long periods of time sitting at a desk is still harmful. Tim Armstrong, a physical activity expert at the World Health Organization, said people who exercise every day-but still spend much time sitting-might get more benefits if that exercise was spread across the day, rather than in a single bout.(即使對(duì)經(jīng)常鍛煉的人來(lái)說(shuō)，長(zhǎng)時(shí)間坐在辦公桌前也是有害的。世界衛(wèi)生組織的體育運(yùn)動(dòng)專家蒂姆?阿姆斯特朗說(shuō)，每天鍛煉但仍有很多時(shí)間坐著的人，如果把鍛煉時(shí)間分散到一天中，而不是一回合，可能會(huì)獲得更多好處)”可知，在下列陳述中，每天做一次運(yùn)動(dòng)就足以擺脫久坐的影響這個(gè)說(shuō)法是錯(cuò)誤的，因?yàn)榧词箤?duì)經(jīng)常鍛煉的人來(lái)說(shuō)，長(zhǎng)時(shí)間坐在辦公桌前也是有害的。故答案為Because even for people who exercise, spending long periods of time sitting at a desk is still harmful.
44．考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段““People should keep exercising because that has a lot of benefits,” Ekblom-Bak said. “But when they are in the office, they should try to interrupt sitting as often as possible,” she said.(“人們應(yīng)該堅(jiān)持鍛煉，因?yàn)殄憻捰泻芏嗪锰?，”?？瞬悸迥?巴克說(shuō)?！暗?dāng)他們?cè)谵k公室時(shí)，他們應(yīng)該盡可能多地打斷坐著的時(shí)間，”她說(shuō))”可推知，我們不要長(zhǎng)時(shí)間地坐在某個(gè)地方不動(dòng)，應(yīng)該盡可能多地打斷坐著的時(shí)間，因?yàn)榫米鴮?duì)我們的身體有很大的危害。故答案為We should not sit still for a long time and try to break the sitting time as much as possible, because sitting for a long time does great harm to our health.
第二節(jié): 書(shū)面表達(dá)（共一題，20分)
假設(shè)你是紅星中學(xué)高三學(xué)生李華。最近你收到英國(guó)好友Jim的來(lái)信，得知他和朋友們騎車(chē)旅行一周的計(jì)劃沒(méi)有得到父母的許可，他感到非常沮喪。請(qǐng)你給Jim寫(xiě)一封回信，內(nèi)容包括：
1.表示安慰；
2.給出建議。
注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；
2.開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。
Dear Jim,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
I’m sorry to hear that you didn’t get your parents’ permission to go on a week-long bike trip with your friends. You’re upset and I’d like to give you some comfort and advice.
As far as I’m concerned, the most important thing that you need do now is have a good conversation with your parents, which is beneficial to your relationship. Besides, there is no need for you to be disappointed about this because your parents just want to protect you from potentially dangerous situation.
I hope you will get better in no time.
Yours,
Li Hua
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本篇書(shū)面表達(dá)屬于應(yīng)用文。假設(shè)你是紅星中學(xué)高三學(xué)生李華。最近你收到英國(guó)好友Jim的來(lái)信，得知他和朋友們騎車(chē)旅行一周的計(jì)劃沒(méi)有得到父母的許可，他感到非常沮喪。請(qǐng)你給Jim寫(xiě)一封回信，表示安慰，并提出建議。
【詳解】1.詞匯積累
失望的：disappointed/upset→discouraged
建議：advice→suggestion
有益的：beneficial→helpful
此外：besides→in addition
2.句式拓展
同義句轉(zhuǎn)換
原句：You’re upset and I’d like to give you some comfort and advice.
拓展句：Since you’re upset, I’d like to give you some comfort and advice.


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