?2023年高考押題預(yù)測卷03（北京專用）
英語·全解全析
第一部分：知識運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，30分）
第一節(jié) 完型填空（共10小題：每小題1.5份，共15份）
閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題紙上將該選項(xiàng)涂黑。
I am never good at public speaking. Every time I was involved in a group project, I would always volunteer to be any role but the presenter. So, when my partner Emily offered to be the ____1____ of our project, I was overjoyed.
Unfortunately, on the presentation day, Emily fell ill badly. She had to stay home to rest. I was worried that she may ____2____ the presentation, so I called her. As I spoke to her on the phone, it became apparent that I had to step up and present our project. I was filled with ____3____. By the time I hung up the phone, I could hardly breathe.
I had no ____4____ but to make an alternative plan. I tried to ____5____ my nervousness and focus on the task at hand. Pulling out a piece of paper, I wrote whatever I could remember on it with great urgency.
With that piece of paper, I stood outside the classroom door, waiting for my turn. I tried to be calm, but as time passed by, ____6____ went through me and the waiting area seemed too small for me to ____7____. When my name was called, I broke out into a cold sweat.
In front of the judges, my hands failed in their attempts to remain ____8____. All the while, my voice and hands were shaking. I tried to take shallow breaths and I felt I would fall apart anytime. Somehow, I ____9____ to go through the entire presentation and deliver my speech as planned. ____10____ my fear was not as hard as it seemed, and my alternative plan proved to be a success.
1．A．recorder B．speaker C．designer D．organizer
2．A．change B．give C．a(chǎn)nalyze D．miss
3．A．relief B．excitement C．a(chǎn)nxiety D．shame
4．A．resource B．worry C．chance D．choice
5．A．push aside B．let out C．hide behind D．hold onto
6．A．sadness B．fear C．a(chǎn)nger D．guilt
7．A．rest B．cry C．breathe D．sigh
8．A．steady B．flexible C．gentle D．strong
9．A．pretended B．expected C．refused D．managed
10．A．Understanding B．Overcoming C．Admitting D．Expressing
【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．D 5．A 6．B 7．C 8．A 9．D 10．B
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文，文章主要講述作者克服恐懼完成演講的經(jīng)歷。
1．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：所以，當(dāng)我的搭檔Emily提出要做我們項(xiàng)目的發(fā)言人時，我欣喜若狂。A. recorder記錄員；B. speaker發(fā)言人；C. designer設(shè)計(jì)者；D. organizer組織者。根據(jù)上文“I would always volunteer to be any role but the presenter(除了發(fā)言人，我總是自愿擔(dān)任任何角色)”及空后“I was overjoyed”可知，作者不愿意擔(dān)任發(fā)言人，所以此處指當(dāng)Emily提出要做發(fā)言人時，作者欣喜若狂，故選B。
2．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我擔(dān)心她會錯過演講，所以我給她打了電話。A. change改變；B. give給；C. analyze分析；D. miss錯過。根據(jù)“She had to stay home to rest.(她必須在家休息)”可知，Emily生病在家休息，作者擔(dān)心她會錯過演講，所以給她打電話，故選D。
3．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我充滿了焦慮。A. relief寬慰；B. excitement激動，興奮；C. anxiety焦慮；D. shame羞恥。根據(jù)“By the time I hung up the phone, I could hardly breathe.(當(dāng)我掛斷電話時，我?guī)缀鯚o法呼吸)”及語境可知，作者要做發(fā)言人，所以很焦慮，故選C。
4．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我別無選擇，只好另作打算。A. resource資源；B. worry擔(dān)憂；C. chance機(jī)會；D. choice選擇。根據(jù)語境可知，Emily生病無法擔(dān)任發(fā)言人，所以作者別無選擇，只能自己去克服恐懼擔(dān)任發(fā)言人，故選D。
5．考查動詞短語辨析。句意：我努力不去想我有多緊張，把注意力集中在手頭的工作上。A. push aside不去想，不考慮；B. let out釋放；C. hide behind 躲在……后面；D. hold onto堅(jiān)持不懈。根據(jù)“focus on the task at hand”可知，作者努力不去想自己有多緊張，而是把集中注意力在工作上，故選A。
6．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我努力讓自己冷靜下來，但隨著時間的流逝，恐懼籠罩著我，等候區(qū)似乎太小了，我無法呼吸。A. sadness悲傷；B. fear害怕，恐懼；C. anger生氣；D. guilt內(nèi)疚。根據(jù)語境及文章最后一句“ ____10____ my fear was not as hard as it seemed”可知，作者很害怕，故選B。
7．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A. rest休息；B. cry哭泣；C. breathe呼吸；D. sigh嘆氣。根據(jù)空前“the waiting area seemed too small”可知，由于作者極度緊張，所以等待室對作者來說太小了，喘不過氣，故選C。
8．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：在裁判面前，我的手沒能保持穩(wěn)定。A. steady穩(wěn)定的；B. flexible靈活的；C. gentle溫柔的；D. strong強(qiáng)壯的。根據(jù)下一句“All the while, my voice and hands were shaking.(我的聲音和手一直在顫抖)”可知，作者的手一直抖，無法保持穩(wěn)定，故選A。
9．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：不知怎的，我設(shè)法完成了整個演示，并按計(jì)劃發(fā)表了我的演講。A. pretended假裝；B. expected期待；C. refused拒絕；D. managed設(shè)法做到。根據(jù)“deliver my speech as planned”可知，作者如期完成演講，manage to do sth設(shè)法完成某事，故選D。
10．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：克服我的恐懼并不像看起來那么難，我的替代計(jì)劃被證明是成功的。A. Understanding理解；B. Overcoming克服；C. Admitting承認(rèn)；D. Expressing表達(dá)。根據(jù)“and my alternative plan proved to be a success”可知，作者克服了恐懼，成功完成演講，故選B。
第二節(jié) 語法填空（共10小題，每小題1.5分,共15分）
閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空，在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。
A
ChatGPT is a new artificial intelligence technology ____11____(create) by Open AI. It enables machines to understand and respond to human conversations in a ____12____(nature) and conversational way. ChatGPT has shaken the tech world since it was opened for public use last year. While it certainly comes across as knowledgeable, it’s far ____13____ perfect. It cannot answer questions about things that have happened recently because it____14____(train) using data from 2021 and before.
【答案】11．created 12．natural 13．from 14．is trained
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。ChatGPT是Open AI創(chuàng)造的一種新的人工智能技術(shù)。它使機(jī)器能夠以自然和對話的方式理解和回應(yīng)人類的對話。自去年開放給公眾使用以來，ChatGPT已經(jīng)撼動了科技界。雖然它看起來很有知識，但它遠(yuǎn)非完美。它無法回答關(guān)于最近發(fā)生的事情的問題，因?yàn)樗褂玫氖?021年及之前的數(shù)據(jù)。
11．考查非謂語動詞。句意：ChatGPT是Open AI創(chuàng)造的一種新的人工智能技術(shù)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知create與邏輯主語a new artificial intelligence technology構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，故用過去分詞作定語。故填created。
12．考查形容詞。句意：它使機(jī)器能夠以自然和對話的方式理解和回應(yīng)人類的對話。修飾名詞way應(yīng)用形容詞natural，作定語。故填natural。
13．考查介詞。句意：雖然它看起來很有知識，但它遠(yuǎn)非完美。短語far from表示“遠(yuǎn)非”。故填from。
14．考查時態(tài)語態(tài)。句意：它無法回答關(guān)于最近發(fā)生的事情的問題，因?yàn)樗褂玫氖?021年及之前的數(shù)據(jù)。主語與謂語構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，陳述客觀事實(shí)用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)，主語為it，謂語用單數(shù)。故填is trained。
B
Wang was born and grew up in America, but she____15____(build) solid ties with Chinese culture since she was a little girl. She is now riding a new trend: mixing and matching modern clothes with traditional Han dress, or hanfu. She has been posting videos of ____16____ (she) dressed in hanfu on the Internet, which has attracted many fans on Chinese lifestyle. “I love hanfu. I’ve made many videos,____17____(aim) to help more people learn about it,” Wang told Beijing Review.
【答案】15．has built 16．herself 17．a(chǎn)iming
【導(dǎo)語】本文為一篇說明文。講述了出生在美國的王女士從小就喜歡中國文化，她經(jīng)常上傳自己穿著漢服的視頻，她說她喜歡漢服，想要更多的人了解它。
15．考查時態(tài)。句意：王女士出生并長在美國，但是從她是個小女孩的時候，她就和中國文化產(chǎn)生了牢固的聯(lián)系。此處主語為she，build為謂語動詞，主語she與build之間為主動關(guān)系，且根據(jù)后文的時間狀語從句since she was a little girl可知，此處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時，故填has built。
16．考查代詞。句意：她一直在網(wǎng)上上傳她穿著漢服的視頻，這吸引了很多喜歡中國生活方式的人。此處of是介詞，后跟賓語，且主語為she，此處意為“她自己”，故應(yīng)用反身代詞herself作賓語，故填herself。
17．考查現(xiàn)在分詞。句意：我錄了很多視頻，是為了幫助更多的人了解它。根據(jù)句子分析可知，此處作狀語，aim與主語I之間為主動關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，故填aiming。
C
Nick was riding his bike along the Arching River when he noticed something ____18____ (usual) in the water. He took a closer look and saw a pair of fin-like things circling above the river’s surface. ____19____ (confuse) by what he had seen, Nick took a video and posted it on the Internet. Days later, some researchers confirmed that he ____20____ (spot) two dolphins— the first cetacean (鯨目動物) sighted in this river since 2017—and this suggested the efforts to restore the health of the river were paying off.
【答案】18．unusual 19．Confused 20．had spotted/spotted
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了Nick在河中發(fā)現(xiàn)鯨目動物，說明環(huán)境得到了改善。
18．考查形容詞。句意：Nick沿著拱門河騎著自行車，突然他注意到河里有不尋常的東西。something是一個不定代詞，后面一般加的是形容詞。結(jié)合句意，用形容詞unusual，表示“不同尋常的”。故填unusual。
19．考查非謂語動詞。句意：Nick對他所看到的感到困惑，他拍了一段視頻并發(fā)布在網(wǎng)上。be confused by對……困惑，在句中作狀語，所以用過去分詞形式。故填Confused。
20．考查時態(tài)。句意：幾天后，一些研究人員證實(shí)，他發(fā)現(xiàn)了兩只海豚，這是自2017年以來在這條河中發(fā)現(xiàn)的第一只鯨類動物，這表明恢復(fù)河流健康的努力正在取得成效。根據(jù)時間狀語可知，從句的動作發(fā)生在主句過去動作confirmed之前，所以用過去完成時?；蛘弑硎娟愂鲞^去事實(shí)，所以也可用一般過去時。故填had spotted/spotted。
第二部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，38分）
第一節(jié)（共14小題，每小題2分，共28分）
閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。
A
We’re happy you will be joining us at UW-Stout! Your next step is to attend First-Year Registration and Orientation (FYRO) (迎新會) running from 7:45 a. m. to 4:40 p. m. Students should select a date that allows them to be present for the entire day. Invitations will be sent by email starting February 20.
Recommended On-Campus Dates
·June 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9
·June 12, 13, 14 or 16
·June 19, 20, 21 or 23
Make-Up Dates
Email us to request one of these make-up dates.
·July 20 or 21
What to Expect
Students and their guests will be separated for most of the day.
Students will:
Guests will:
·Connect with peers.·Meet their first-year advisor.
·Understand their academic plan and expectations of college.
·Understand their financial responsibilities and how to pay for school.
·Understand the importance of involvement and how to get involved with student organizations.
·Be familiar with campus resources.
·Be excited about starting their time at Stout!
·Understand their role in their student’s success.·Understand their student’s financial responsibilities and paying for school.
·Feel comfortable with their student living on campus.
·Know that their student will be supported to live a healthy lifestyle.
·Know that their student will be safe on campus.
Before Your Attendance
Complete the placement tests at least one week prior to your scheduled registration date. Testing information will be sent to students' email on or after March 15.
Download these apps, which will help you to be successful in college life.
·Canvas Student: our online classroom.
·Navigate: to help schedule appointments with your advisor, view to-do items and more!
·Multi-Factor Authentication: to enhance the security of your account by checking on your identity when logging into many of our UW-Stout accounts.
21．Students are advised to attend FYRO on ______.
A．February 20 B．June 19 C．July 21 D．March 15
22．Attending FYRO, both students and their guests will ______.
A．meet first-year advisor
B．know students’ academic plan
C．have an idea of students' education cost
D．be clear about how to participate in organizations
23．What are students required to do before attending FYRO?
A．Complete the placement tests 5 days ahead.
B．Take some online classes on Canvas Student.
C．Schedule first-year college life with apps on the phone.
D．Download Multi-Factor Authentication for account security.
【答案】21．B 22．C 23．D
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章是一封邀請函，詳細(xì)的介紹了迎新會的內(nèi)容、安排以及注意事項(xiàng)等。
21．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章“Recommended On-Campus Dates(推薦入校時間)”中的日期“·June 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9; ·June 12, 13, 14 or 16; ·June 19, 20, 21 or 23(·6月5日、6日、7日、8日或9日；·6月12日、13日、14日或16日；·6月19日、20日、21日或23日)”可知，選項(xiàng)中只有B項(xiàng)“六月十九日”符合題意。故選B項(xiàng)。
22．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章“Students will(學(xué)生將會)”中的第四點(diǎn)“Understand their financial responsibilities and how to pay for school.(了解他們的經(jīng)濟(jì)責(zé)任以及如何支付學(xué)費(fèi))”以及“Guest will(來客將會)”的第二點(diǎn)“Understand their student’s financial responsibilities and paying for school.(了解學(xué)生的經(jīng)濟(jì)責(zé)任和學(xué)費(fèi))”可知，無論是學(xué)生還是其他來客都需要了解學(xué)生的教育開銷。故選C項(xiàng)。
23．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“·Multi-Factor Authentication: to enhance the security of your account by checking on your identity when logging into many of our UW-Stout accounts.(·多因素身份驗(yàn)證:在登錄我們的許多UW-Stout帳戶時，通過檢查您的身份來增強(qiáng)您帳戶的安全性)”可知，學(xué)生在參加迎新會前，需要下載多因素認(rèn)證，確保賬號安全。故選D項(xiàng)。
B


Making use of the wind, the water or, for more than half of all plant species, animals, plants disperse (散播) seeds far and wide. Frugivores — animals such as gibbons that feed on the fleshy fruits of plants — eat and then excrete (排泄) seeds away from the original tree. The African savanna elephant can carry seeds up to a record-breaking distance of 65 kilometres. This ability to shift geographical ranges will be crucial to plants when it comes to surviving climate change. However, just like all gibbon species, the African savanna elephant is endangered, its population down by 60 percent over the past 50 years.
Researchers in Denmark and the USA have published a new study into how the loss of seed-dispersing animals could affect the resilience (恢復(fù)力) of forests and other natural ecosystems. According to their research, this loss has already reduced the ability of plants to move in pace with climate change by 60 percent, and in some areas by as much as 95 percent.
Evan Fricke, lead author of the study, explains that in order to reach these results, they pulled together existing data from all previous studies and used machine learning to develop models that could estimate the seed dispersal potential of any animal, even ones that are now extinct.
The researchers found that, historically, the decline of seed-dispersing animals has had the greatest influence on plants across the temperate (溫帶的) regions of North and South America, Europe and southern Australia. “Our temperate ecosystems have lost a lot of the natural seed-dispersal function that they would have had.” explains Fricke, referring to large mammals that were once widespread in these regions.
Nevertheless, the poor conservation status of many seed-dispersing tropical animals puts plants in regions such as Southeast Asia and Madagascar most at risk today. Without the preservation of such animals, global seed dispersal could decline by a further 15 percent. “The direct implication of this decline is that many plant species will be unable to keep pace with a changing climate,” says Fricke. “That means the potential loss not only of plant biodiversity but of the ecosystem functions that those plants provide.”
As wildlife is lost, plants can no longer adapt and survive and forests become less sustainable, which reduces the amount of carbon they can store. They also lose their ability to support wildlife. Whole ecosystems are disrupted. The conclusion, Fricke says, is clear: we must conserve currently endangered species and restore the populations of important seed dispersers. “Independent of climate change, rewilding has the potential to benefit our ecosystems, but in a changing climate, it has the added benefit of increasing the climate resilience of those ecosystems,” he says.
24．The author mentions the African savanna elephant in Paragraph 1 is to ________.
A．highlight the problem B．predict the ending
C．express an opinion D．provide a solution
25．What does Fricke conclude from the study?
A．plants disperse seeds by way of animals excreting them.
B．rewilding can promote the climate resilience of our ecosystems.
C．seed-dispersing animals could hardly affect the natural ecosystems.
D．the loss of seed-dispersing animals has little influence on temperate regions.
26．Which would be the best title of the passage?
A．The Resilience of Ecosystems
B．The Conservation of Seed-dispersing Animals
C．Animals That Spread Seeds Are Essential — And Under Threat
D．Animals That Spread Seeds Are Endangered — And Well Protected
【答案】24．A 25．B 26．C
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章通過研究講述了傳播種子的動物是必不可少的，對生態(tài)系統(tǒng)有益，但是這些動物目前處于危險中。
24．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的“The African savanna elephant can carry seeds up to a record-breaking distance of 65 kilometres. This ability to shift geographical ranges will be crucial to plants when it comes to surviving climate change. However, just like all gibbon species, the African savanna elephant is endangered, its population down by 60 percent over the past 50 years.(非洲熱帶草原大象可以攜帶種子長到65公里。這種改變地理范圍的能力對植物對氣候變化的生存至關(guān)重要。然而，就像所有的長臂猿物種一樣，非洲熱帶稀樹草原象也瀕臨滅絕，它的數(shù)量在過去的50年里減少了60%)”和第二段內(nèi)容“Researchers in Denmark and the USA have published a new study into how the loss of seed-dispersing animals could affect the resilience (恢復(fù)力) of forests and other natural ecosystems. According to their research, this loss has already reduced the ability of plants to move in pace with climate change by 60 percent, and in some areas by as much as 95 percent.(丹麥和美國的研究人員發(fā)表了一項(xiàng)新的研究，研究了種子傳播動物的丟失如何影響森林和其他自然生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的恢復(fù)力。根據(jù)他們的研究，這種損失已經(jīng)使植物適應(yīng)氣候變化的能力下降了60%，在一些地區(qū)降低了95%)”可知，非洲熱帶稀樹草原象可以長距離攜帶植物種子，改變地理范圍，但是目前瀕臨滅絕，第二段講述了研究表明種子傳播動物的丟失影響森林和其他自然生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的恢復(fù)力，使得植物適應(yīng)氣候變化的能力下降。由此推知，提到非洲熱帶草原象是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)問題。故選A。
25．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的““Independent of climate change, rewilding has the potential to benefit our ecosystems, but in a changing climate, it has the added benefit of increasing the climate resilience of those ecosystems,” he says.(“不受氣候變化的影響，野生化有可能有利于我們的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，但在氣候變化中，它的好處是提高這些生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的氣候恢復(fù)力，”他說)”可知，F(xiàn)ricke從研究中得出野生化可以促進(jìn)我們的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的氣候恢復(fù)力。故選B。
26．主旨大意題。第二段內(nèi)容“Researchers in Denmark and the USA have published a new study into how the loss of seed-dispersing animals could affect the resilience (恢復(fù)力) of forests and other natural ecosystems. According to their research, this loss has already reduced the ability of plants to move in pace with climate change by 60 percent, and in some areas by as much as 95 percent.(丹麥和美國的研究人員發(fā)表了一項(xiàng)新的研究，研究了種子傳播動物的丟失如何影響森林和其他自然生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的恢復(fù)力。根據(jù)他們的研究，這種損失已經(jīng)使植物適應(yīng)氣候變化的能力下降了60%，在一些地區(qū)降低了95%)”和第四段的“Nevertheless, the poor conservation status of many seed-dispersing tropical animals puts plants in regions such as Southeast Asia and Madagascar most at risk today. Without the preservation of such animals, global seed dispersal could decline by a further 15 percent.(然而，如今許多散布種子的熱帶動物的保護(hù)狀況不佳，使東南亞和馬達(dá)加斯加等地區(qū)的植物處于危險中。如果不保護(hù)這類動物，全球的種子傳播可能會進(jìn)一步下降15%)”以及下文內(nèi)容可知，文章主要講述傳播種子的動物是必不可少的，對生態(tài)系統(tǒng)有益，但是這些動物目前處于危險中。由此可知，C項(xiàng)“傳播種子的動物是必不可少的——受到威脅”為最佳標(biāo)題。故選C。
C
Why do we choose to help one another? There are many reasons. You may be a selfless person or lending a hand may be a cultural expectation.
Now, researchers are raising the possibility that good sleep may be a wonderful ingredient that promotes the alacrity to offer help between human beings. Indeed the better sleep you have, the more willing you will be to lend a hand. And a surprising new set of research studies have found that sleep loss may affect our generosity at different levels.
Researchers at University of California, Berkley, led three small studies to explore generosity. In one study, they exposed a group of healthy adults to a night of 8 hours of sleep and a night with no sleep. Researchers scanned the participants’ brains after each night. After a sleepless night, areas of the brain involved in empathy and helping behavior were less active. In fact, when the study participants were sleepless at night, 78% of them demonstrated a reduction in the desire to help others.
In the next study, researchers tracked 136 people through online questionnaires and sleep diaries for a few days. They wanted to see if nightly variations in sleep affected their desire to help others. They found that, when sleep quality worsened from one night to the next, there was a major decrease in “helping choices” and vice versa.
The third study looked at how sleep loss affected generosity on a larger scale. The researchers analyzed data from over 3 million charitable donations made in the U.S.. They focused on donations during the transition to Daylight Saving Time(DST)in spring each year. During the spring time change, we lose an hour of sleep.
Interestingly, researchers found a 10% drop in donations in regions that change their clocks. This drop wasn’t seen in regions that didn’t observe the time change. It showed that insufficient sleep triggered by the time change impacted donation behavior.
All these results suggest that insufficient sleep makes us less compassionate and helpful. Throughout the world, more than half of adults don’t get enough sleep during the workweek, but we should all start valuing adequate sleep rather than treating it like something optional or unproductive. If so, it will enable us to be more helpful and to be the best versions of ourselves.
27．What’s the writing purpose of the first paragraph?
A．To start a heated discussion. B．To introduce the topic of the text.
C．To present a social phenomenon. D．To show the author’s conclusion.
28．What does the underlined word “alacrity” mean in the second paragraph?
A．Understanding. B．Ability.
C．Awareness. D．Eagerness.
29．What can we infer from the three studies?
A．People observing DST are likely to donate less.
B．People change their clocks to have more empathy.
C．Sleep quality determines the desire to give a hand.
D．Sleep loss can severely affect helping behavior.
30．Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A．Sleep Triggers Behavior B．Adequate Sleep: A Healthy Person
C．Sleep Influences Generosity D．Sound Sleep: A Productive Person
【答案】27．B 28．D 29．A 30．C
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了睡眠與人們幫助他人的行為有關(guān)，事實(shí)上，你睡得越好，你就越愿意伸出援手。
27．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Why do we choose to help one another? There are many reasons. You may be a selfless person or lending a hand may be a cultural expectation.(為什么我們選擇互相幫助？原因有很多。你可能是一個無私的人，或者伸出援助之手可能是一種文化期望。)”可知，第一段提出了我們可能幫助別人的原因，第二段“Now, researchers are raising the possibility that good sleep may be a wonderful ingredient that promotes the alacrity to offer help between human beings.(現(xiàn)在，研究人員正在提高這樣一種可能性，即良好的睡眠可能是促進(jìn)人類之間提供幫助的快捷性的一種奇妙成分。)”指出一項(xiàng)研究表明，良好的睡眠有助于人類去幫助別人，這是文章的主題，由此可推知，第一段的寫作目的是引出文章話題，故選B。
28．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線單詞下文“Indeed the better sleep you have, the more willing you will be to lend a hand.(事實(shí)上，你睡得越好，你就越愿意伸出援手。)”可知，你睡得越好，你就越愿意伸出援手。換言之，良好的睡眠促使人們樂意去幫助別人，由此可推知，劃線單詞“alacrity”意為“樂意”，與D項(xiàng)“Eagerness.(渴望)”意思相近，故選D。
29．推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中“They focused on donations during the transition to Daylight Saving Time(DST)in spring each year. During the spring time change, we lose an hour of sleep.(他們研究是重點(diǎn)是在每年春天過渡到夏時制期間的捐款情況。)”和倒數(shù)第二段中“Interestingly, researchers found a 10% drop in donations in regions that change their clocks. (有趣的是，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，在改變生物鐘的地區(qū)，捐贈減少了10% 。)”可推知，用夏時制的人們可能會捐贈較少。故選A。
30．主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第二段中“Now, researchers are raising the possibility that good sleep may be a wonderful ingredient that promotes the alacrity to offer help between human beings. Indeed the better sleep you have, the more willing you will be to lend a hand.(現(xiàn)在，研究人員正在提高這樣一種可能性，即良好的睡眠可能是促進(jìn)人類之間提供幫助的快捷性的一種奇妙成分。事實(shí)上，你睡得越好，你就越愿意伸出援手。)”可知，文章主要講述了睡眠與人們幫助他人的行為有關(guān)，事實(shí)上，你睡得越好，你就越愿意伸出援手。C項(xiàng)“睡眠影響慷慨”適合做文章標(biāo)題，故選C。
D
AI is currently being used in various ways. So what does that mean? Does it mean the world will soon be overrun by robots? However, when it comes to customer service, AI cannot completely replace human interaction, for now at least.
Actually, all customer service interactions have two aspects: emotion and urgency. New AI tools can handle high-urgency situations quickly, but as to high-emotion situations, no AI can deal with them successfully. A robot might be able to recognize you’re trying to check in for a flight recently canceled, but the emotional aspect is entirely un-programmable. Perhaps the passenger has increasingly high emotions about the flight being canceled because he is flying to an important business meeting. Cases like this can create high-stress moments for the customer. Only a person can understand the difference.
High-stress moments tend to stay with customers forever, so it’s important to have a plan in place. Good companies are better at determining which cases AI can handle on its own and which cases need to be handled by a human with AI assistance. In high-emotion cases, there’s no substitute (替補(bǔ)) for the personal touch of a human. Passengers whose luggage is lost are going to seek out an employee to help them locate their bags. Although AI can be used to locate their bags, it can hardly deal with passengers’ high emotions.
The conversation around AI now is too focused on the question of how AI can replace human interaction, which is missing the point. The aim of AI shouldn’t be to replace human interaction, but to improve it. The question here won’t be how far we can push AI, but how we can use our imagination to continue reinventing (改良) the problem-solving process.
31．What is implied in paragraph 1?
A．AI has had control over the human being.
B．AI can totally replace human interaction.
C．AI can handle high-emotion cases easily.
D．AI still has its own limitations at present.
32．Why is the example of a canceled fight mentioned in paragraph 2?
A．To highlight the passengers’ high emotions.
B．To prove the efficiency of AI handling urgency.
C．To show AI can handle high-emotion cases well.
D．To stress the advantage a person has over AI.
33．Why should companies have a plan for high-stress moments?
A．High-stress moments require more AI tools.
B．High-stress moments can be handled by AI alone.
C．High-stress moments are unforgettable for customers.
D．High-stress moments are ignored by most companies.
34．What will we focus on when using AI to handle customer service?
A．Replacing humans with new AI tools.
B．Paying attention to solving problems.
C．Avoiding making trouble for customers.
D．Trying to invent more new AI tools.
【答案】31．D 32．D 33．C 34．B
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文，主要講的是在客戶服務(wù)方面，人工智能還不能完全取代人類互動，至少目前如此。
31．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的“However, when it comes to customer service, AI cannot completely replace human interaction, for now at least.(然而，在客戶服務(wù)方面，人工智能還不能完全取代人類互動，至少目前如此。)”可知，第一段暗示了目前人工智能仍有其局限性。故選D。
32．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的“New AI tools can handle high-urgency situations quickly, but as to high-emotion situations, no AI can deal with them successfully. A robot might be able to recognize you’re trying to check in for a flight recently canceled, but the emotional aspect is entirely un-programmable. Perhaps the passenger has increasingly high emotions about the flight being canceled because he is flying to an important business meeting. Cases like this can create high-stress moments for the customer. Only a person can understand the difference.(新的人工智能工具可以快速處理高度緊急的情況，但對于高度情緒化的情況，沒有人工智能可以成功處理。機(jī)器人也許能識別出你正在辦理最近取消的航班的值機(jī)手續(xù)，但情感方面是完全無法編程的。也許乘客因?yàn)橐⒓右粋€重要的商務(wù)會議而對航班被取消的情緒越來越高。這樣的情況會給客戶帶來很大的壓力。只有人能理解其中的差別。)”可知，第2段提到了取消航班的例子是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)人類相對于人工智能的優(yōu)勢。故選D。
33．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“High-stress moments tend to stay with customers forever, so it’s important to have a plan in place.(高壓力時刻往往永遠(yuǎn)伴隨著客戶，所以制定一個適當(dāng)?shù)挠?jì)劃很重要。)”可知，公司要為高壓力時刻制定計(jì)劃是因?yàn)閷蛻魜碚f高壓時刻是難忘的。故選C。
34．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的“The question here won’t be how far we can push AI, but how we can use our imagination to continue reinventing (改良) the problem-solving process.(這里的問題不是我們能讓AI走多遠(yuǎn)，而是我們?nèi)绾卫梦覀兊南胂罅^續(xù)改造解決問題的過程。)”可知，在使用人工智能處理客戶服務(wù)時，我們應(yīng)該關(guān)注解決問題。故選B。
第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）
根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有項(xiàng)
為多余選項(xiàng)。
E-Bike Safety Tips
Before you go on your next two-wheeled adventure, make sure you’re familiar with the ins and outs of bicycle safety. This holds true whether you’re riding a traditional bike or an e-bike-one powered by an electric motor in addition to your pedaling. E-bike is a great way to get around, save money and protect the environment. But as fun as e-bikes are to ride, they still require practices to ensure your fun rides can be safe.____35____.
▲Keep dos and don’ts in mind. Wear a helmet. A full face helmet with a face shield that flips up can give you all around protection. Ride with the flow of traffic rather than against it.____36____Don’t forget to use the lights to make you more visible at night, which may decrease chances of road accidents.
▲Be sure your bike is ready to ride. That starts with checking that the tires are inflated. Make sure the brakes are working properly.____37____, if the bicycle hasn’t been used for a while. For an e-bike, also make sure your battery is charged. And before and after every ride, inspect your bicycle for damage.
▲____38____. This is important for e-bike riders. With the ability to go faster comes the responsibility io know when you should slow down. Do not ride on expressways or highways.
Ride in the right lanes.____39____, when you’re riding in the street, even in a protected bike lane. Moreover, check the sign to see where e-bikes are allowed. Riding on sidewalks or other walkways can lead to a fine.
You can check the People for Bikes website（peopleforbikes. org）for more information.
A．Be aware of your speed
B．Be cautious of proper parking
C．Don’t talk on the phone, text, or listen to music
D．Take it for a tune-up before you take it for a ride
E．It is essential to pay careful attention to these tips
F．Read the signals and pay attention to the lane markings
G．Always try to check in your mirror before moving further out into the lane
【答案】35．E 36．C 37．D 38．A 39．F
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一些安全須知以幫助讀者保證電動自行車的騎行安全。
35．根據(jù)空前內(nèi)容“But as fun as e-bikes are to ride, they still require practices to ensure your fun rides can be safe.(但是，盡管電動自行車騎起來很有趣，但它們?nèi)匀恍枰毩?xí)來確保你的有趣騎行是安全的)”可知，騎電動自行車也有安全隱患；而下文則給出了騎電動自行車的安全建議。選項(xiàng)E“It is essential to pay careful attention to these tips(仔細(xì)注意這些提示是必要的)”承上啟下，承上表明騎電動自行車也有安全隱患，又引出下文的安全須知。故選E。
36．根據(jù)空前“Wear a helmet. A full face helmet with a face shield that flips up can give you all around protection. Ride with the flow of traffic rather than against it.(戴上頭盔。帶面罩的全面頭盔可以為你提供全方位的保護(hù)。順勢而行，而不是逆勢而行)”以及空后“Don’t forget to use the lights to make you more visible at night, which may decrease chances of road accidents. (別忘了開燈讓你在晚上更顯眼，這可能會減少發(fā)生交通事故的機(jī)會)”可知，本段講述的是在騎電動自行車時可做以及不可做的一些事。選項(xiàng)C“Don’t talk on the phone, text, or listen to music(不要打電話、發(fā)短信或聽音樂)”也是講述的騎車時不能做的事情，與上下文內(nèi)容一致。故選C。
37．根據(jù)段首句“Be sure your bike is ready to ride.(確保你的自行車可以騎)”可知，本段主要講述的是在騎行之前，要確保自行車的狀況。再根據(jù)空后“if the bicycle hasn’t been used for a while.(如果自行車沒有使用一段時間)”可知，如果自行車長時間沒有使用，應(yīng)該檢查自行車狀況。選項(xiàng)D“Take it for a tune-up before you take it for a ride(在騎車上路之前先把它調(diào)一調(diào))”與上下文內(nèi)容一致，都是要檢查自行車狀況。故選D。
38．空處為段首句，為本段主要內(nèi)容。根據(jù)下文“This is important for e-bike riders. With the ability to go faster comes the responsibility to know when you should slow down. Do not ride on expressways or highways.(這對騎電動自行車的人來說很重要。有能力走得更快，就有責(zé)任知道什么時候該慢下來。不要在高速公路或高速公路上騎車)”可知，本段主要講述的電動自行車需要注意速度。選項(xiàng)A“Be aware of your speed(注意你的速度)”正是本段主要內(nèi)容。故選A。
39．根據(jù)段首句“Ride in the right lanes(在正確的車道上行駛)”可知，本段主要講述的是騎電動自行車需要在正確的車道上。再根據(jù)下文“when you’re riding in the street, even in a protected bike lane. Moreover, check the sign to see where e-bikes are allowed. Riding on sidewalks or other walkways can lead to a fine.(當(dāng)你騎在街上，甚至在一個受保護(hù)的自行車道時。此外，檢查標(biāo)志，看看哪里允許電動自行車。在人行道或其他人行道上騎車可能會被罰款)”可知，作者建議騎電動自行車時要注意車道。選項(xiàng)F“Read the signals and pay attention to the lane markings(閱讀標(biāo)志并注意車道標(biāo)志)”符合本段主要內(nèi)容。故選F。
第三部分 書面表達(dá)（共兩節(jié)，共32分）
第一節(jié) 閱讀表達(dá)（共4小題，第40、41題各2分，第42題3分，第43題5分，共12分）
閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求回答問題。
In Martin County, Florida, two non-profit organizations have come together to plant seeds of hope through community gardening. Recently, the House of Hope charity for the homeless and people with addictions and other mental health issues partnered with Project L.I.F.T. an organization that helps at-risk teens, to grow community gardens in four small towns across the county.
The teens in Project L.I. F.T.’s program—many of them aged 14-19 who are also struggling with addictions, managing mental health or legal issues—visit the gardens every day after school where they grow seeds, maintain and water plants, harvest the produce and learn to create their own meals. They take some of the produce home to their families but most is sent to House of Hope for the homeless community.
Beyond the need for food, Project L.I.F.T. hoped the gardens would provide an educational opportunity for their teens.
“We’re trying to teach kids nutrition to deal with the health problems—diabetes and obesity—in our community, but when we get into the garden, now they’re doing hands-on stuff that really connects.” Bob Zaccheo, the executive director of Project L.I.F.T. tells Guideposts. org.
The gardens also offer the teens professional skills that can help them find work later in their largely rural county. Beyond skills, this project has helped the teens find confidence and hope for their futures.
So far, the four gardens around Martin County have generated 100 pounds of produce for House of Hope and the community at large. Although the amount of food can’t meet the greater need of the area, the program is an opportunity to teach kids that the importance of giving back is just as valuable as the food they’re harvesting.
“You see a major shift in the thinking of these kids,” Zaccheo says. “You see them giving. The kids are learning to give at a bigger level than they’ve ever been able to give at before.”
40．What kind of organization is Project L.L.F.T.?
______________________________________________________________________
41．What do the teens do when they visit the gardens?
______________________________________________________________________
42．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
The four gardens were built only to provide an educational opportunity for at-risk teens.
______________________________________________________________________
43．In addition to what is mentioned in the passage, what else could at-risk teens learn through community gardening? Explain why. (In about 40 words)
______________________________________________________________________

【答案】40．An organization that helps at-risk teens.
41．They grow seeds, maintain and water plants, harvest the produce and learn to create their own meals. 42．The four gardens were built only to provide an educational opportunity for at-risk teens.
The four gardens were built to provide both food for homeless people and an educational opportunity for at-risk teens.
43．They can learn to cooperate with each other better and also learn to give back the love they have received during gardening and also pass that energy and love to others who need help.
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了弗洛里達(dá)州馬丁縣的兩個非營利組織聯(lián)合起來，幫助了無數(shù)無家可歸的、有毒癮和其他精神健康問題的人。
40．考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第一段“Recently, the House of Hope charity for the homeless and people with addictions and other mental health issues partnered with Project L.I.F.T.an organization that helps at-risk teens, to grow community gardens in four small towns across the county.(最近，針對無家可歸者、有毒癮和其他精神健康問題的人的慈善機(jī)構(gòu)“希望之家”與幫助高危青少年的組織“l(fā).i.f.t.項(xiàng)目”合作，在全縣的四個小鎮(zhèn)種植社區(qū)花園。)”可知，Project L.I.F.T是一個幫助高危青少年的組織。故答案為An organization that helps at-risk teens.
41．考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第二段“The teens in Project L.I. F.T.’ s program—many of them aged 14-19 who are also struggling with addictions, managing mental health or legal issues—visit the gardens every day after school where they grow seeds, maintain and water plants, harvest the produce and learn to create their own meals.(參加L.I. F.T計(jì)劃的青少年——其中許多年齡在14-19歲之間，他們也在與毒癮作斗爭，處理心理健康或法律問題——每天放學(xué)后都會去花園，在那里他們種種子，維護(hù)和澆灌植物，收獲農(nóng)產(chǎn)品，并學(xué)習(xí)自己做飯。)”可知，他們在花園里會種種子，維護(hù)和澆灌植物，收獲農(nóng)產(chǎn)品，并學(xué)習(xí)自己做飯。故答案為They grow seeds, maintain and water plants, harvest the produce and learn to create their own meals.
42．考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第二段“They take some of the produce home to their families but most is sent to House of Hope for the homeless community.(他們把一些農(nóng)產(chǎn)品帶回家，但大部分都送到了無家可歸者社區(qū)的希望之家。)”和第三段“Beyond the need for food, Project L.I.F.T. hoped the gardens would provide an educational opportunity for their teens.(除了對食物的需求，L.I.F.T.項(xiàng)目還希望菜園能為他們的青少年提供教育機(jī)會。)”可知，花園不僅僅是為了用來給高危青少年提供教育機(jī)會而建的，還用于給無家可歸的人提供食物等。故答案為The four gardens were built only to provide an educational opportunity for at-risk teens. The four gardens were built to provide both food for homeless people and an educational opportunity for at-risk teens.
43．開放性問題。答案符合邏輯即可，注意字?jǐn)?shù)。例如：他們可以學(xué)會更好地相互合作，也學(xué)會回報(bào)他們在園藝過程中得到的愛，并將這種能量和愛傳遞給需要幫助的人。故答案為：They can learn to cooperate with each other better and also learn to give back the love they have received during gardening and also pass that energy and love to others who need help.
第二節(jié): 書面表達(dá)（共一題，20分)
假設(shè)你是紅星中學(xué)高三學(xué)生李華。你的英國筆友Jim計(jì)劃暑假來中國旅游，正好你也打算暑假出京旅游，想邀請他同行。請你用英文給他寫一封電子郵件，內(nèi)容包括：
1.邀請他同去的地方和理由；
2.旅游安排。??
注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；
2.開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。
Dear Jim,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
I'm more than glad to know that you're traveling in China this summer vacation. I'm also planning a journey to Xi'an during that time, so why not join me?
Xi'an, as the capital city of Tang Dynasty which is famous for its richness in ancient China, is the destination of millions of people every year. What I plan to do is to stay there for a week to visit Shanxi History Museum, climb up the Big Wild Goose Pagoda, cycle on top of the ancient City Wall, appreciate Terracotta Warriors as well as taste the well-known traditional foods. I believe the trip will leave you a deep impression.
Hope we can enjoy the trip together and look forward to your reply.
Yours,
Lihua
【導(dǎo)語】本篇書面表達(dá)是一篇邀請信。假設(shè)你是紅星中學(xué)高三學(xué)生李華。你的英國筆友Jim計(jì)劃暑假來中國旅游，正好你也打算暑假出京旅游，想邀請他同行。
【詳解】1.詞匯積累
知道：know→ be informed
計(jì)劃：plan → map out
著名的：famous→ outstanding
認(rèn)為：believe→ assume
2.句式拓展
同義句
原句：I'm more than glad to know that you're traveling in China this summer vacation. I'm also planning a journey to Xi'an during that time, so why not join me?
拓展句：Knowing that you're traveling in China this summer vacation, I'm planning a journey to Xi'an during that time, so why not join me?
【點(diǎn)睛】【高分句型1】Xi'an, as the capital city of Tang Dynasty which is famous for its richness in ancient China, is the destination of millions of people every year.（ which引導(dǎo)的定語從句）
【高分句型2】What I plan to do is to stay there for a week to visit Shanxi History Museum, climb up the Big Wild Goose Pagoda, cycle on top of the ancient City Wall, appreciate Terracotta Warriors as well as taste the well-known traditional foods.（主語從句）






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