高中英語(yǔ)高考解密25 書面表達(dá)之概要寫作--2021年高考英語(yǔ)高頻考點(diǎn)解密（二輪復(fù)習(xí)）（解析版）

這是一份高中英語(yǔ)高考解密25 書面表達(dá)之概要寫作--2021年高考英語(yǔ)高頻考點(diǎn)解密（二輪復(fù)習(xí)）（解析版），共22頁(yè)。
?解密24書面表達(dá)之讀后續(xù)寫
序號(hào)
題型
真題
Part 1
解密高考
考點(diǎn)綜述 備考建議
Part 2
對(duì)點(diǎn)解密
考點(diǎn)精準(zhǔn)說(shuō)1... 真題對(duì)點(diǎn)析1... 對(duì)點(diǎn)模擬練1...
Part 3
強(qiáng)化集訓(xùn)
真題模測(cè)、典題模測(cè)




Part 1解密高考
【考點(diǎn)綜述】
概要寫作是一種“閱讀+寫作”的復(fù)合型任務(wù),測(cè)試學(xué)生的閱讀理解、概括歸納和書面表達(dá)方面的綜合能力。選材上，提供一篇350詞以內(nèi)的短文，一般以說(shuō)明文、議論文和記敘文為主，要求考生寫出一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要（注意：少于40或多于80詞扣兩分），而新寫的語(yǔ)篇，既要做到在結(jié)構(gòu)、銜接和連貫性等方面與原文保持一致，又要做到簡(jiǎn)明扼要、意義完整、結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)密和語(yǔ)句通順。
【備考建議】
概要寫作的步驟?：
（一）細(xì)讀每段文章，畫主題句，圈關(guān)鍵詞，辨別主次信息
在閱讀原文時(shí)，首先找到該段的主題句或中心句，并圈出重點(diǎn)信息詞匯，分清主要信息和次要信息，把修飾成分、細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容、舉例說(shuō)明等次要信息刪掉。
（二）用自己的語(yǔ)言，寫出該段要點(diǎn)
概要寫作要求學(xué)生用自己的語(yǔ)言準(zhǔn)確地轉(zhuǎn)述作者的要點(diǎn)，因此，不要整句抄原文，可以采用以下表達(dá)方式：
1.替換法：同義詞替換；單詞替換短語(yǔ)；短語(yǔ)替換句子等
2.轉(zhuǎn)換法：詞性轉(zhuǎn)換；句式轉(zhuǎn)換；語(yǔ)態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換等
3.合并法：把幾個(gè)信息合并在一個(gè)句子中表達(dá)；將原文多個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句整合成一個(gè)句子等
（三）選用恰當(dāng)?shù)你暯釉~，把每段要點(diǎn)串連成篇
概要寫作要求學(xué)生有效地使用語(yǔ)句間的連接成分,使所完成的概要邏輯連貫，銜接自然，結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊。常用的銜接詞有：
表遞進(jìn)關(guān)系 besides, moreover, furthermore , in addition, what’s more, what’s worse, worse still
表因果關(guān)系 therefore, thus , consequently, due to， owing to， thanks to
表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系 however, otherwise, anyway/ anyhow, although，even though
表對(duì)比關(guān)系 similarly, instead, on the contrary, on the other hand
表時(shí)間順序關(guān)系 eventually, finally, gradually , immediately ，afterwards, meanwhile/ meantime, in the meanwhile/meantime
表總結(jié)關(guān)系 in a word, in short, in conclusion, in brief, in summary, in general, to sum up, on the whole
表情感關(guān)系 luckily, unfortunately, to one’s great joy/satisfaction/surprise
Part 2對(duì)點(diǎn)解密
【真題對(duì)點(diǎn)析】1
【2020·江蘇卷】
請(qǐng)閱讀下面有關(guān)中國(guó)題材紀(jì)錄片(documentary)的對(duì)話，并按照要求用英語(yǔ)寫一篇150個(gè)詞左右的文章。
Su Hua: Hi, Li Jiang! Did you see the BBC documentary on CCTV 9 last week?
Li Jiang: You mean Du Fu: China’s Greatest Poet? Yes, I did. Fantastic!
Su Hua: Just think an English actor recites Chinese poems.
Li Jiang: I don’t really understand every line he recites, but I believe he truly loves the poems himself.
Su Hua: Right. It is reported that the film is well received outside China.
Li Jiang: Yeah, It’s my first time to hear Chinese stories told by an English speaker.
Su Hua: In fact, documentaries about our country are plentiful both at home and abroad. These films can help foreign friends better understand this land-Chinese literature, geography history, food...
Li Jiang: I couldn’t agree more.

【寫作內(nèi)容】
1.用約30個(gè)詞概括上述對(duì)話的主要內(nèi)容；
2.談?wù)勚袊?guó)題材紀(jì)錄片受到外國(guó)朋友歡迎的原因(至少兩點(diǎn))。
【寫作要求】
1.寫作過(guò)程中不能直接引用原文語(yǔ)句；
2.作文中不能出現(xiàn)真實(shí)姓名和學(xué)校名稱；
3.不必寫標(biāo)題。
【評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)】
內(nèi)容完整語(yǔ)言規(guī)范，語(yǔ)篇連貫，詞數(shù)適當(dāng)。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【范文】
CCTV 9 broadcast Du Fu: China’s Greatest Poet, a documentary produced by BBC. This well-made film provides foreign audiences with a fresh way of better knowing China’s past and present.
Documentaries about China, produced either in China or in other countries, are becoming increasingly popular among foreigners. For one thing, the overall development over the past decades has been so striking that they feel eager to familiarize themselves with what is going on in China.
For another, China enjoys a long history and rich culture. It has always been an attraction for those who are keen on anything that is Chinese. These documentaries present a splendid picture of China in front of their audiences-it history, landscape, art, food, or even traditional Chinese medicine.
Because of these films, some foreigners have begun to think of coming to China. In this way, they can form a true picture of China themselves.
【解析】
這是一篇讀寫任務(wù)。
【詳解】第一步:審題。審題的目的是獲取重要信息。通過(guò)審題我們可以確定幾個(gè)方面的信息。要求閱讀中國(guó)題材紀(jì)錄片的對(duì)話，寫一篇150個(gè)詞文章。包括兩部分。(一)、用30詞概括對(duì)話內(nèi)容。(二)、談?wù)勚袊?guó)題材紀(jì)錄片受到外國(guó)朋友歡迎的原因。要求至少兩點(diǎn)原因。
第二步:布局段落，確定主要段落，次要段落，段落數(shù)量。這篇寫作段落數(shù)量為四段。第一段，概括對(duì)話內(nèi)容。第二段和第三段，中國(guó)題材紀(jì)錄片受到外國(guó)朋友歡迎的原因。第四段，總結(jié)因?yàn)殡娪拔鈬?guó)人想來(lái)到中國(guó)。
第三步:確定關(guān)鍵詞匯和短語(yǔ): produced by, provide…with, either…or, be keen on, present , because of, in this way, the overall development，so striking that，feel eager to familiarize themselves with.
第四步:確定較為高級(jí)的句子: 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)a documentary produced by BBC； 定語(yǔ)從句的運(yùn)用:It has always been an attraction for those who are keen on anything that is Chinese.
第五步:連句成文，注意使用恰當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞進(jìn)行過(guò)渡銜接: for one thing, for another.
第六步:注意書寫，保持卷面整潔，避免劃線，亂擦。
【點(diǎn)睛】文章思路清晰，語(yǔ)言規(guī)范，段落整齊，語(yǔ)篇連貫，層次清晰。使用了較為高級(jí)的句式: 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)a documentary produced by BBC； 定語(yǔ)從句的運(yùn)用:It has always been an attraction for those who are keen on anything that is Chinese. 狀語(yǔ)從句和賓語(yǔ)從句的運(yùn)用 the overall development over the past decades has been so striking that they feel eager to familiarize themselves with what is going on in China.這些高級(jí)句式的應(yīng)用提升了寫作的檔次，整個(gè)短文顯示出了作者高水平的英語(yǔ)表達(dá)能力
【對(duì)點(diǎn)模擬練】1
閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。
New research aimed at understanding the impact of screen time and social media on adolescent brains found in early testing significant differences in brain chemistry for kids who had at least seven hours of screen time a day, compared to kids who used screens less.
Psychologist Lisa Damour explained that social media is incredibly appealing.“We know it triggers(觸發(fā)) the reward centers in the brain.And this is true for grown-ups too, not teenagers and kids, ”Damour said Monday.“We also know that digital technology disturbs things that are important for healthy development, such as sleep, one-on-one interactions that are face to face, learning how to focus on one’s schoolwork, physical activity.So we should already start to be drawing some lines around digital technology, just to protect normal and healthy development.”
Experts suggest avoiding screen time other than video chatting for children younger than 18 months.For children between 2 to 5 years old, the group recommends limiting screen time to one hour per day with “high-quality programs”.
While experts have offered a variety of guidelines for screen time, Damour, recommended parents should start from considering what they’re trying to protect.“So we’re trying to protect sleep.We’re trying to protect family time.We’re trying to protect focus.So I think the guidelines should flow from there, ”she said.“Children need a lot more sleep than people appreciate.Elementary school children need 11 hours a night, middle schoolers need 10 hours a night.High schoolers need 9 hours a night.So if we even do that, that’s a good guideline.”
On February 12, Damour is releasing her latest book, Under Pressure：Confronting the Epidemic of Stress and Anxiety in Girls.She explained, “When high schoolers get phones that disturb their sleep, consequently they go on to have higher rates of depression.”“Social media is just one element of the ‘broad scope’ of factors parents need to consider that may be causing stress and anxiety for kids, ” she said.
【參考答案】
Research found vital differences in brain chemistry for kids with different screen times.(要點(diǎn)1)Psychologist Lisa Damour explained that social media is very attractive as the reward centers in the brain are activated but meanwhile digital technology negatively affects healthy development.(要點(diǎn)2)Experts have provided various suggestions for screen time.(要點(diǎn)3) However, Damour suggested parents should take what they’re trying to protect into account.(要點(diǎn)4)Besides, social media is just one of the factors that may cause stress and anxiety for kids.(要點(diǎn)5)
【解析】
這是一篇概要寫作。
【詳解】
寫作步驟
1）細(xì)讀原文。首先要仔細(xì)閱讀短文，掌握文章主旨和結(jié)構(gòu)，明確各段的大意。文章主要說(shuō)明了研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，不同屏幕時(shí)間的孩子的大腦化學(xué)物質(zhì)存在重要差異。心理學(xué)家Lisa Damour解釋說(shuō)，社交媒體非常有吸引力，因?yàn)榇竽X中的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)中心被激活了，但與此同時(shí)，數(shù)字技術(shù)對(duì)健康發(fā)展產(chǎn)生了負(fù)面影響。專家們對(duì)屏幕時(shí)間提出了各種建議。然而，Damour建議父母應(yīng)該考慮到他們?cè)噲D保護(hù)的東西。此外，社交媒體只是造成孩子壓力和焦慮的因素之一。
2）弄清要求。新高考的概要寫作是寫全文概要，不是寫某一部分的概要，或者就某些問(wèn)題寫出要點(diǎn)。
3）列出原文要點(diǎn)。分析原文的內(nèi)容和結(jié)構(gòu)，將內(nèi)容分項(xiàng)扼要表述并注意在結(jié)構(gòu)上的順序。在此基礎(chǔ)上選出與文章主題密切相關(guān)的部分。
4）在寫作時(shí)要特別注意下面幾點(diǎn)：
（1）概要應(yīng)包括原文中的主要事實(shí)，略去不必要的細(xì)節(jié)。
（2）安排好篇幅的比例，概要應(yīng)同原文保持協(xié)調(diào)，即用較多的文字寫重要內(nèi)容，用較少的文字寫次要內(nèi)容。
（3）注意要點(diǎn)之間的銜接，要用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)聯(lián)詞語(yǔ)貫通全文，切忌只簡(jiǎn)單地寫出一些互不相干的句子，但也不要每?jī)删渲g都加關(guān)聯(lián)詞語(yǔ)，以免顯得生硬。
（4）不排斥用原文的某些詞句，但不要照搬原文的句子，如果不能完全用自己的話語(yǔ)表達(dá)，至少對(duì)原文句子做一些同義詞替換，如果結(jié)構(gòu)上也能有一些轉(zhuǎn)換會(huì)更好。
（5）計(jì)算詞數(shù)，看是否符合規(guī)定的詞數(shù)要求。
【點(diǎn)睛】
本文描寫詳略得當(dāng)，使用了高級(jí)詞匯和高級(jí)句子。如：vital differences；screen times；social media；attractive；meanwhile；negatively等高級(jí)詞匯；Psychologist Lisa Damour explained that social media is very attractive as the reward centers in the brain are activated but meanwhile digital technology negatively affects healthy development.運(yùn)用賓語(yǔ)從句等高級(jí)句式。
【真題對(duì)點(diǎn)析】2
【2019·上海卷】
Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Where are the bees?
Bees are essential to the production of food we eat. Bees make honey, but they also pollinate large areas of crops, such as straw berries, apples and onions. About a third of the food we eat is a result of pollination of the bees. Unfortunately, bees have been disappearing at an alarming rate.
In 2006, bee keepers started reporting about something called Colony Collapse Disaster (CCD).The main sign of CCD is the loss of adult honey bees from a hive. In October of 2006, some beekeepers reported that they had lost between 30 and 90 percent of their hives.
There were many theories for the disappearance of the bees. But the most convincing one has to do with pesticides and lifestyles of bees today. Nowadays, beekeeper get most of their income not from producing honey but from renting bees to pollinate plants. This means that the life of the typical bee now consists of travelling all around the country to pollinate crops as the seasons change. That means a lot of traveling on trucks, which is very stressful to bees. It is not unusual for up to 30% of the hive to die during transport due to stress. In addition, bees that spend most of their time locked up on trucks are not exposed to what they usually live on. Instead, they live on a sweet liquid from corn, usually polluted with pesticides.
The exact reason for the disappearance of bees is not sure, but losing bees is very costly to the economy. The bee pollination services are worth over $8 billion a year. With no bees, pollination will have to be done by hand, which would have effects on the quality of food and increased food priced. We hear a lot about big environmental disasters almost every day. But one of the biggest may just be the less of that tiny flying insect.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【范文】
Bees not only provide us with honey, but also help pollinate crops. However, they are disappearing at an alarming rate for unknow reason, which will be disastrous to us and economy. Some people think it is the pesticide while others think it is due to transport.
【解析】
本文屬于環(huán)保文章，介紹蜜蜂正以驚人的速度消失，這可能和運(yùn)輸、農(nóng)作物使用殺蟲劑以及環(huán)境有關(guān)，但是沒(méi)人知道確切原因。要求考生閱讀完總結(jié)論點(diǎn)，不能超過(guò)60個(gè)詞。
【詳解】
第一步，歸納各個(gè)段落的段落大意，第一段講述蜜蜂對(duì)我們很重要，但是卻以驚人的速度消失，第二段講述蜜蜂出現(xiàn)這種狀況的情形，第三段講述可能造成此現(xiàn)象的原因；第四段講述這種現(xiàn)象對(duì)我們和經(jīng)濟(jì)的影響。
第二步，可以擇出重要的信息，蜜蜂對(duì)我們很重要，但是卻以驚人的速度消失，可能造成此現(xiàn)象的原因，以及影響。
第三步，得出答案，注意過(guò)渡與銜接，字?jǐn)?shù)控制在60字以內(nèi)。
【點(diǎn)睛】
概要寫作做題技巧。概要寫作不是對(duì)段落大意的簡(jiǎn)單堆積，需要學(xué)生讀懂文章的大概意思和文章結(jié)構(gòu)，還需要一定寫作替換技巧，且注意語(yǔ)言的簡(jiǎn)潔性。第一步，確定文章的話題和各段的段落大意，比如本文話題為蜜蜂的消失，第一段講述蜜蜂對(duì)我們很重要，但是卻以驚人的速度消失，第二段講述蜜蜂出現(xiàn)這種狀況的情形，第三段講述可能造成此現(xiàn)象的原因；第四段講述這種現(xiàn)象對(duì)我們和經(jīng)濟(jì)的影響；第二步，分析各個(gè)段落的邏輯關(guān)系，確定主觀點(diǎn)和次要觀點(diǎn)；第三步，注意一定的寫作技巧，比如同義詞、近義詞的替換，句型和結(jié)構(gòu)的轉(zhuǎn)換；第四步，檢查單詞拼寫，語(yǔ)法規(guī)則，字?jǐn)?shù)問(wèn)題等。
【對(duì)點(diǎn)模擬練】2
閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。
It is clear that young people are now renting at record rates, yet the appetite to make a house a home remains equally high. While picking out the perfect color for the living room or putting down new carpets might have been important decorative choices for their parents, young people are increasingly finding more temporary solutions to the challenge of making a rental home look fantastic without annoying their landlords.
For some young renters, personalizing a home can come down to affordable, stylish additions. Houseplant sales have increased almost 50% in the US over the last three years, and mass market retailers such as Zara, ASOS and H&M have all recently launched homeware ranges, focusing largely on smaller items like vases, cushions and candles that are easy to be included into an already furnished space.
Some businesses are now even offering to equip homes with pay-per-month furniture, with everything from sofas to houseplants up for rent. This gives landlords the opportunity to attract renters with fashionable decorations rather than old sofas and mismatched furnishings, as well as offering renters the opportunity to personalize their own temporary space.
“I think that in all industries personalized yet accessible, affordable services are very popular,” says Rhiannon Smith, a spokesperson for plant rental company The Plant Library. “People want things to feel good, without having to think too much about it or pay too much for it. I’d expect it’s a section that will be very popular and continue to grow.”
【答案】
With an increasing number of young people who intend to customize their living environment of a rented house or apartment nowadays, companies are competing for a market share in decorative item industry, eagerly creating products that cater for their young customers or providing them with a chance to rent housewares. As a result, it benefits both renters and landowners and will be a trend in the future.
【解析】
【分析】
本文屬于裝飾租房的文章，介紹了年輕租客打算裝飾自己的租房或公寓居住的環(huán)境的需求日益增長(zhǎng)，公司正在推出為年輕顧客創(chuàng)造新產(chǎn)品或?yàn)樗麄兲峁┳庥眉彝ビ闷?，這樣對(duì)于租客和房東都好，而且這也將成為未來(lái)的一種趨勢(shì)。要求考生閱讀完總結(jié)文章概要，不能超過(guò)60個(gè)詞。
【詳解】
第一步，歸納各個(gè)段落大意，第一段描述租客想要定制自己的租房的但又不想給房東造成困擾的現(xiàn)狀；第二段講述了針對(duì)年輕租客的需求，像Zara等這樣的大公司相繼開始出售那種可以在已裝修好的租房里放置像花瓶，蠟燭之類的小件裝飾商品；第三段講述了對(duì)于現(xiàn)在的情況，市場(chǎng)上現(xiàn)在也有一些可以讓房東或租客租用家具之類的生意出現(xiàn)了；第四段通過(guò)Rhiannon Smith的話可知，現(xiàn)在為租客提供經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)惠的相關(guān)的裝修服務(wù)很受歡迎。
第二步，可以擇出重要的信息，年輕租客在定制租房日益增長(zhǎng)，給租客提供用來(lái)裝修租房的小物件或者可租用家具等相關(guān)生意出現(xiàn)，且很受歡迎。
第三步，得出答案，注意過(guò)渡與銜接，字?jǐn)?shù)控制在60字以內(nèi)。
【點(diǎn)睛】
概要寫作做題技巧。概要寫作不是對(duì)段落大意的簡(jiǎn)單堆積，需要學(xué)生讀懂文章的大概意思和文章結(jié)構(gòu)，還需要一定寫作替換技巧，且注意語(yǔ)言的簡(jiǎn)潔性。第一步，確定文章的話題和各段的段落大意，比如本文話題為年輕租客裝飾租房，第一段描述租客想要定制自己的租房的但又不想給房東造成困擾的現(xiàn)狀；第二段講述了針對(duì)年輕租客的需求，像Zara等這樣的大公司相繼開始出售那種可以在已裝修好的租房里放置像花瓶，蠟燭之類的小件裝飾商品；第三段講述了對(duì)于現(xiàn)在的情況，市場(chǎng)上現(xiàn)在也有一些可以讓房東或租客租用家具之類的生意出現(xiàn)了；第四段通過(guò)Rhiannon Smith的話可知，現(xiàn)在為租客提供經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)惠的相關(guān)的裝修服務(wù)很受歡迎； 第二步，分析各個(gè)段落的邏輯關(guān)系，確定主觀點(diǎn)和次要觀點(diǎn)；第三步，注意一定的寫作技巧，比如句型和結(jié)構(gòu)的轉(zhuǎn)換；第四步，檢查單詞拼寫，語(yǔ)法規(guī)則，字?jǐn)?shù)問(wèn)題等。
【真題對(duì)點(diǎn)析】3
【2019·浙江卷】
閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。
Parents everywhere praise their kids. Jenn Berman, author of The A to Z Guide to Raising Happy and Confident Kids, says, “We’ve gone to the opposite extreme of a few decades ago when parents tended to be more strict.” By giving kids a lot of praise, parents think they’re building their children’s confidence, when, in fact, it may be just the opposite. Too much praise can backfire and, when given in a way that’s insincere, make kids afraid to try new things or take a risk for fear of not being able to stay on top where their parents’ praise has put them.
Still, don’t go too far in the other direction. Not giving enough praise can be just as damaging as giving too much. Kids will feel like they’re not good enough or that you don’t care and, as a result, may see no point in trying hard for their accomplishments.
So what is the right amount of praise? Experts say that the quality of praise is more important than the quantity. If praise is sincere and focused on the effort not the outcome, you can give it as often as your child does something that deserves a verbal reward. “We should especially recognize our children’s efforts to push themselves and work hard to achieve a goal,” says Donahue, author of Parenting Without Fear: Letting Go of Worry and Focusing on What Really Matters. “One thing to remember is that it’s the process not the end product that matters.”
Your son may not be the best basketball player on his team. But if he’s out there every day and playing hard, you should praise his effort regardless of whether his team wins or loses. Praising the effort and not the outcome can also mean recognizing your child when she has worked hard to clean the yard, cook dinner, or finish a book report. But whatever it is, praise should be given on a case-by-case basis and be proportionate(相稱的) to the amount of effort your child has put into it.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【范文】
Parents tend to go to extremes when it comes to praising their kids. (要點(diǎn)一) Yet, both too much and too little praise can be equally damaging. (要點(diǎn)二) When giving praise, parents should be sincere and concentrate on the process instead of the result. (要點(diǎn)三) Similarly, they ought to give praise for how much effort their kids have invested in the work they’re involved in. (要點(diǎn)四)
【解析】本次浙江高考書面表達(dá)采用了概要寫作題型。概要寫作是閱讀理解和書面表達(dá)的溝通橋梁，考查的是學(xué)生在實(shí)現(xiàn)自由的思維表達(dá)之前，對(duì)他人的信息在理解的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行概括表達(dá)的能力。選材上，提供一篇350詞以內(nèi)的短文，題材不限，要求考生寫出一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。
【詳解】
完成一篇概要寫作，需要經(jīng)過(guò)三個(gè)步驟，
1. 讀懂原文，抓住段落主題句。在閱讀過(guò)程中，需要準(zhǔn)確把握文章的段落大意，學(xué)會(huì)剔除非重要信息，弄清楚不同體裁的文章的內(nèi)部邏輯關(guān)系以及文章的篇章結(jié)構(gòu)。
2. 組織語(yǔ)言，轉(zhuǎn)換表達(dá)。在找到主題句明確全文中心的基礎(chǔ)上，組織好語(yǔ)言，注重語(yǔ)言表達(dá)的獨(dú)立性和準(zhǔn)確性以及高級(jí)性，不全盤照抄原文句子，盡量用自己的語(yǔ)言轉(zhuǎn)換表達(dá)，同時(shí)要注意篇幅的比例安排，用較多的文字去表達(dá)重要的內(nèi)容。
3. 通讀全文，邏輯連貫。要牢記各段落要點(diǎn)之間的邏輯關(guān)系和自然銜接，用恰當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)聯(lián)詞去連貫全文。
【對(duì)點(diǎn)模擬練】3
閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。
Cultures can be different from each other in many aspects. People can eat different foods and live in different types of houses. People probably speak different languages and have beliefs and customs very different from yours. However, they can be similar in ways of connecting with each other. We sometimes call these means of communication universal languages.
Some legends hold that (據(jù)說(shuō)) thousands of years ago there was a single language spoken by everyone. It is fun to think about a time when everyone may have been able to communicate in the same language though historical evidence does not support this, of course.
Today, there are thousands of languages spoken around the world. Yet, there are some means of communication that go beyond words and allow people of wildly different backgrounds to communicate and share emotions and feelings. For example, some people believe music is a universal language. There may be some scientific support for this idea, too. Experts have learned that across cultures people can recognize three common emotions in music: happiness, sadness and fear.
Another universal language that you might not have thought of is math! If you think about it now, it just makes sense. The value of “pi” is roughly 3.14159 no matter where you are. Similarly, we judge the value of something by the same mathematical calculations, no matter whether you’re counting in dollars, pounds or RMB．
【答案】Possible version 1:
Although there exist some differences in people’s diets, housing, languages, beliefs and customs globally, people can still communicate with each other in universal languages.(要點(diǎn)1) It’s even interesting to think that people used to speak the same language in the ancient world. (要點(diǎn)2) Music is believed to be a universal language that can make people share common emotions.(要點(diǎn)3) The same is also true for math, because the value of something remains unchanged (fixed) wherever you are and whichever way you are calculating.(要點(diǎn)4)
Possible version 2:
Though cultures may be different in diets, housing, languages and beliefs, people can communicate with each other through universal languages. (要點(diǎn)1) It is said that people used to speak only one language but there are no convincing facts of it. (要點(diǎn)2)However, music is considered a universal language as it conveys the basic feelings like happiness, sadness and fear. (要點(diǎn)3) Maths is another universal language because people value things with the same criteria no matter what measurements they use. (要點(diǎn)4)
Possible version 3:
Though cultures may be different in many ways, people can communicate with each other through universal languages. (要點(diǎn)1)It is said that people used to speak only one language but there are no convincing facts of it. (要點(diǎn)2)Music is considered a universal language because people can find some common feelings in it. (要點(diǎn)3) Maths is also a universal language since some mathematical calculations are fixed among people. (要點(diǎn)4)
Possible version 4
Although cultures vary/ differ worldwide in food, living, languages and beliefs, they shares similarities in what we called universal languages. (要點(diǎn)一)Interestingly, legendary beliefs claim that a single language was spoken in ancient times, which lacks convincing facts.（要點(diǎn)二）Nowadays,some forms of languages can be recognized universally. For instance, people enjoy a mutual understanding of music regardless of their backgrounds.（要點(diǎn)三）Math is another example because the same calculation methods can be adopted to judge the value wherever we are.(要點(diǎn)四）
【解析】
【分析】
本篇書面表達(dá)是概要寫作，要求概括文章內(nèi)容，通讀全文可知，本文主要講述雖然人們?cè)陲嬍常∷?，語(yǔ)言和信仰等很多方面有所不同，但是人們可以使用通用語(yǔ)言進(jìn)行溝通，文章還列舉了兩種通用語(yǔ)言。注意篇幅控制在60詞左右。
【詳解】
1、寫之前，需要認(rèn)真仔細(xì)地讀幾遍原文材料，掌握文章主旨。本文主要講述盡管各國(guó)文化不同，人們?cè)跍贤ǚ矫嬗泻芏嘞嗨浦帲热缫魳?lè)被認(rèn)為是通用語(yǔ)言，數(shù)學(xué)也是如此。
2、遵循原文的邏輯順序，弄清結(jié)構(gòu)，對(duì)重要部分的主題、標(biāo)題、細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行概括，全面清晰地表明原文信息。
3、注意要點(diǎn)之間的銜接，要使用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)聯(lián)詞語(yǔ)貫通全文。切忌只寫一些簡(jiǎn)單的互不相干的句子。
4、不排斥用原文的某些詞句，但不要照搬原文的句子，如果不能完全用自己的話表述，至少對(duì)原文句子做一些同義詞替換或者結(jié)構(gòu)上的轉(zhuǎn)換。
Part 3強(qiáng)化集訓(xùn)
【真題模測(cè)】
Passage1
（2020 ? 江蘇卷）
請(qǐng)閱讀下面有關(guān)中國(guó)題材紀(jì)錄片(documentary)的對(duì)話，并按照要求用英語(yǔ)寫一篇150個(gè)詞左右的文章。
Su Hua: Hi, Li Jiang! Did you see the BBC documentary on CCTV 9 last week?
Li Jiang: You mean Du Fu: China’s Greatest Poet? Yes, I did. Fantastic!
Su Hua: Just think an English actor recites Chinese poems.
Li Jiang: I don’t really understand every line he recites, but I believe he truly loves the poems himself.
Su Hua: Right. It is reported that the film is well received outside China.
Li Jiang: Yeah, It’s my first time to hear Chinese stories told by an English speaker.
Su Hua: In fact, documentaries about our country are plentiful both at home and abroad. These films can help foreign friends better understand this land-Chinese literature, geography history, food...
Li Jiang: I couldn’t agree more.

【寫作內(nèi)容】
1.用約30個(gè)詞概括上述對(duì)話的主要內(nèi)容；
2.談?wù)勚袊?guó)題材紀(jì)錄片受到外國(guó)朋友歡迎的原因(至少兩點(diǎn))。
【寫作要求】
1.寫作過(guò)程中不能直接引用原文語(yǔ)句；
2.作文中不能出現(xiàn)真實(shí)姓名和學(xué)校名稱；
3.不必寫標(biāo)題。
【評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)】
內(nèi)容完整語(yǔ)言規(guī)范，語(yǔ)篇連貫，詞數(shù)適當(dāng)。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

【答案】CCTV 9 broadcast Du Fu: China’s Greatest Poet, a documentary produced by BBC. This well-made film provides foreign audiences with a fresh way of better knowing China’s past and present.
Documentaries about China, produced either in China or in other countries, are becoming increasingly popular among foreigners. For one thing, the overall development over the past decades has been so striking that they feel eager to familiarize themselves with what is going on in China.
For another, China enjoys a long history and rich culture. It has always been an attraction for those who are keen on anything that is Chinese. These documentaries present a splendid picture of China in front of their audiences-it history, landscape, art, food, or even traditional Chinese medicine.
Because of these films, some foreigners have begun to think of coming to China. In this way, they can form a true picture of China themselves.
【解析】
【分析】
這是一篇讀寫任務(wù)。
【詳解】第一步:審題。審題的目的是獲取重要信息。通過(guò)審題我們可以確定幾個(gè)方面的信息。要求閱讀中國(guó)題材紀(jì)錄片的對(duì)話，寫一篇150個(gè)詞文章。包括兩部分。(一)、用30詞概括對(duì)話內(nèi)容。(二)、談?wù)勚袊?guó)題材紀(jì)錄片受到外國(guó)朋友歡迎的原因。要求至少兩點(diǎn)原因。
第二步:布局段落，確定主要段落，次要段落，段落數(shù)量。這篇寫作段落數(shù)量為四段。第一段，概括對(duì)話內(nèi)容。第二段和第三段，中國(guó)題材紀(jì)錄片受到外國(guó)朋友歡迎的原因。第四段，總結(jié)因?yàn)殡娪拔鈬?guó)人想來(lái)到中國(guó)。
第三步:確定關(guān)鍵詞匯和短語(yǔ): produced by, provide…with, either…or, be keen on, present , because of, in this way, the overall development，so striking that，feel eager to familiarize themselves with.
第四步:確定較為高級(jí)的句子: 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)a documentary produced by BBC； 定語(yǔ)從句的運(yùn)用:It has always been an attraction for those who are keen on anything that is Chinese.
第五步:連句成文，注意使用恰當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞進(jìn)行過(guò)渡銜接: for one thing, for another.
第六步:注意書寫，保持卷面整潔，避免劃線，亂擦。
【點(diǎn)睛】文章思路清晰，語(yǔ)言規(guī)范，段落整齊，語(yǔ)篇連貫，層次清晰。使用了較為高級(jí)的句式: 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)a documentary produced by BBC； 定語(yǔ)從句的運(yùn)用:It has always been an attraction for those who are keen on anything that is Chinese. 狀語(yǔ)從句和賓語(yǔ)從句的運(yùn)用 the overall development over the past decades has been so striking that they feel eager to familiarize themselves with what is going on in China.這些高級(jí)句式的應(yīng)用提升了寫作的檔次，整個(gè)短文顯示出了作者高水平的英語(yǔ)表達(dá)能力
Passage2
【2018·浙江卷】
閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。
It’s a really good idea to visit colleges before you apply because their websites can all start to look and sound the same. Nothing will give you the sense of what it will actually be like to live on a college campus(校園) like visiting and seeing for yourself the dorms, classrooms and athletic equipment and, of course, the students. It seems a little crazy once senior year hits to find the time to visit college campuses, and it can also be pricey if the schools you are applying to happen to be more than a car ride away. But keep in mind that you are making a decision about the next four years of your life, and do all the research you can to make sure you are making the right one.
There’s no excuse not to visit the schools in your local area. In fact, a lot of college applications even ask if you have visited campus, and obviously, if you live across the country that won’t be as much of a possibility, but if you live nearby, go check it out!
If campus visits aren’t going to happen before you apply, at the very least you should find some time between applying and getting your acceptance letters to visit the schools you’d like to attend. It can save you a lot of heartache if you rule out now the things that you don’t like about certain campuses, things that you wouldn’t know unless you actually visit.
Now, if time and money are making it impossible, then check out the online college fairs at CollegeWeekLive. It’s a chance to chat online with admissions officers, students, and college counselors (顧問(wèn)), and it won’t cost you a penny! You can register for its online college fair at collegeweeklive.com. While visiting an online college fair can’t take the place of an actual campus visit, it can be a very useful tool that along with all your other research will help you make an informed decision about which colleges or universities you’d like to attend.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【范文】
It’s really worthwhile to pay a visit to their desired colleges personally before applying. Undoubtedly, students should visit their local colleges, which may be included in applications. At least, they should visit the school and figure out its real conditions in advance. For students who are short of money and time, registering for the online college fair is a good alternative to help them better understand schools.
【解析】
【分析】
本文要求閱讀短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要，即用盡可能少的詞匯集中展現(xiàn)原材料的主要思想和觀點(diǎn)。這主要是考查學(xué)生把握文章主旨大意和段落大意的能力以及總結(jié)概括能力，熟練掌握從句、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞等語(yǔ)法知識(shí)和遣詞造句的能力。
【詳解】
1. 要先讀懂、讀透原作。這是準(zhǔn)確再現(xiàn)原文、寫好概要的前提。動(dòng)筆前多讀兩遍原文，直至弄懂讀透。
2. 抓住文中的關(guān)鍵句，確定寫作主題。開頭It's a really good idea to visit colleges before you apply點(diǎn)明了本文主題；But keep in mind that you are making a decision about the next four years of your life, and do all the research you can to make sure you are making the right one. There’s no excuse not to visit the schools in your local area.說(shuō)明了去大學(xué)看看的必要性和可行性；If campus visits aren’t going to happen before you apply, at the very least you should find some time between applying and getting your acceptance letters to visit the schools you’d like to attend.在時(shí)間上提供了更多選擇；if time and money are making it impossible, then check out the online college fairs at CollegeWeekLive.為不能親自去大學(xué)看的學(xué)生提供了另外一種方法。
3.擬好提綱。有了提綱，寫概要時(shí)就會(huì)有章法，也不會(huì)遺漏原作中的要點(diǎn)。
4.快速成文，反復(fù)推敲。按照文章要求和擬好的提綱一氣呵成，寫完初稿。
5.對(duì)照修改潤(rùn)色，再讀原文，查看是否漏掉了重要信息或主要內(nèi)容。用詞是否恰當(dāng)，可有可無(wú)的刪掉。注意詞類、時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)的適當(dāng)調(diào)整。
【點(diǎn)睛】
范文觀點(diǎn)明確，重點(diǎn)突出，語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)練，詞數(shù)適當(dāng)。作者在范文中使用了較多高級(jí)表達(dá)方式，如定語(yǔ)從句which may be included in applications.和who are short of money and time.動(dòng)名詞registering online作主語(yǔ)，顯示了很高的駕馭英語(yǔ)的能力。
Passage3
【2018·浙江卷】
閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。
It’s a really good idea to visit colleges before you apply because their websites can all start to look and sound the same. Nothing will give you the sense of what it will actually be like to live on a college campus(校園) like visiting and seeing for yourself the dorms, classrooms and athletic equipment and, of course, the students. It seems a little crazy once senior year hits to find the time to visit college campuses, and it can also be pricey if the schools you are applying to happen to be more than a car ride away. But keep in mind that you are making a decision about the next four years of your life, and do all the research you can to make sure you are making the right one.
There’s no excuse not to visit the schools in your local area. In fact, a lot of college applications even ask if you have visited campus, and obviously, if you live across the country that won’t be as much of a possibility, but if you live nearby, go check it out!
If campus visits aren’t going to happen before you apply, at the very least you should find some time between applying and getting your acceptance letters to visit the schools you’d like to attend. It can save you a lot of heartache if you rule out now the things that you don’t like about certain campuses, things that you wouldn’t know unless you actually visit.
Now, if time and money are making it impossible, then check out the online college fairs at CollegeWeekLive. It’s a chance to chat online with admissions officers, students, and college counselors (顧問(wèn)), and it won’t cost you a penny! You can register for its online college fair at collegeweeklive.com. While visiting an online college fair can’t take the place of an actual campus visit, it can be a very useful tool that along with all your other research will help you make an informed decision about which colleges or universities you’d like to attend.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【范文】
It’s really worthwhile to pay a visit to their desired colleges personally before applying. Undoubtedly, students should visit their local colleges, which may be included in applications. At least, they should visit the school and figure out its real conditions in advance. For students who are short of money and time, registering for the online college fair is a good alternative to help them better understand schools.
【解析】
【分析】
本文要求閱讀短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要，即用盡可能少的詞匯集中展現(xiàn)原材料的主要思想和觀點(diǎn)。這主要是考查學(xué)生把握文章主旨大意和段落大意的能力以及總結(jié)概括能力，熟練掌握從句、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞等語(yǔ)法知識(shí)和遣詞造句的能力。
【詳解】
1. 要先讀懂、讀透原作。這是準(zhǔn)確再現(xiàn)原文、寫好概要的前提。動(dòng)筆前多讀兩遍原文，直至弄懂讀透。
2. 抓住文中的關(guān)鍵句，確定寫作主題。開頭It's a really good idea to visit colleges before you apply點(diǎn)明了本文主題；But keep in mind that you are making a decision about the next four years of your life, and do all the research you can to make sure you are making the right one. There’s no excuse not to visit the schools in your local area.說(shuō)明了去大學(xué)看看的必要性和可行性；If campus visits aren’t going to happen before you apply, at the very least you should find some time between applying and getting your acceptance letters to visit the schools you’d like to attend.在時(shí)間上提供了更多選擇；if time and money are making it impossible, then check out the online college fairs at CollegeWeekLive.為不能親自去大學(xué)看的學(xué)生提供了另外一種方法。
3.擬好提綱。有了提綱，寫概要時(shí)就會(huì)有章法，也不會(huì)遺漏原作中的要點(diǎn)。
4.快速成文，反復(fù)推敲。按照文章要求和擬好的提綱一氣呵成，寫完初稿。
5.對(duì)照修改潤(rùn)色，再讀原文，查看是否漏掉了重要信息或主要內(nèi)容。用詞是否恰當(dāng)，可有可無(wú)的刪掉。注意詞類、時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)的適當(dāng)調(diào)整。
【點(diǎn)睛】
范文觀點(diǎn)明確，重點(diǎn)突出，語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)練，詞數(shù)適當(dāng)。作者在范文中使用了較多高級(jí)表達(dá)方式，如定語(yǔ)從句which may be included in applications.和who are short of money and time.動(dòng)名詞registering online作主語(yǔ)，顯示了很高的駕馭英語(yǔ)的能力。
【新題模測(cè)】
Passage1
閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。
Eighty-five percent of the jobs that today's students will do in 2030 don't exist yet, the Institute for the Future has predicted. That might seem like a high number to reach in only 10 years. But think about the non-mainstream careers that did not exist just a handful of years ago: social media manager, app developer and cloud computing engineer, etc. What role should colleges and universities play in preparing students for a workplace that is constantly changing? Educational institutions are trying to answer that question." We hope they will not only be prepared for whatever the job market looks like in 10,20 or 50 years but be the ones shaping it," said Jenn Stringer, professor at the University of Californian, Berkeley. Here are some of the approaches they're taking.
Some experts argue that the four-year learning model needs to be rethought in a big way. They say education can no longer be seen as something that stops when a person graduates from college. If students could take a year or two off school, get a job, and then return to school a few years later, the education system would offer true life-long learning and better adapt to changing technology.
Fewer employers are willing to train people on the job than the employers 50 years ago, largely as part of an effort to cut costs. To fill the job skills gap, some courses are offered as an add-on to a student's main degree.For example, the courses may include data analysis, web design and digital marketing. The goal is to offer students, a degree aside,some advantages when they seek jobs or promotions in the future.
Other institutions are trying to imitate the workplace within the traditional classroom. Several colleges have partnered with private companies,such as the software company Adobe, to integrate their products into the classroom.Professors at schools who partner with the company are encouraged to use the product for assignments.The idea is that students learn how to create a project that can be used in the real world and the"soft skills"such as teamwork and creativity.
To help students better suit and reshape the ever-shifting work landscape, colleges are taking various measures. (要點(diǎn)1) Firstly, life-long and adaptive learning model is expected to replace the present 4-year one. (要點(diǎn)2) Besides, additional training programs beneficial to acquiring practical job skills are provided for college students. (要點(diǎn)3) Moreover, some colleges cooperate with enterprises to make classrooms more like workplaces and enhance students’ all round capabilities. (要點(diǎn)4)
【解析】
【分析】
這是一篇概要寫作。
【詳解】
第1步:根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。文章第一段用提問(wèn)的方式引出主題：大學(xué)在幫助學(xué)生們適應(yīng)不斷變化的職場(chǎng)起到什么角色？所以本文的內(nèi)容概要是為了幫助學(xué)生更好適應(yīng)職場(chǎng)，大學(xué)采取了各種各樣的措施。要點(diǎn)1要先寫出文章目的。要點(diǎn)2第二段講到第一點(diǎn)措施offer true life-long learning and better adapt to changing technology.終身和適應(yīng)型學(xué)習(xí)模式預(yù)計(jì)會(huì)替換現(xiàn)在4年教育。要點(diǎn)3在第三段some courses are offered as an add-on to a student's main degree.有益于獲得工作技能的格外的培訓(xùn)項(xiàng)目被提供給大學(xué)生。要點(diǎn)4.在最后一段：大學(xué)和公司合作把課堂營(yíng)造成職場(chǎng)并加強(qiáng)學(xué)生全面能力。
第2步:根據(jù)寫作要求,確定關(guān)鍵詞(組) ,?如: beneficial to 有益的； are provided for 被提供 Moreover 而且, some colleges cooperate with 合作；enhance students’ all round capabilities增強(qiáng)全面的技能.?等。
第3步:根據(jù)提示及關(guān)鍵詞(組)進(jìn)行遣詞造句,注意主謂一致和時(shí)態(tài)問(wèn)題。
第4步:連句成文,注意使用恰當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞進(jìn)行句子之間的銜接與過(guò)渡，書寫一定要規(guī)范清晰，保持整潔美觀的卷面是非常重要的。
【點(diǎn)睛】
本文內(nèi)容完整,語(yǔ)言規(guī)范,語(yǔ)篇連貫,詞數(shù)適當(dāng)。作者在范文中使用了較多高級(jí)表達(dá)方式,如To help students better suit and reshape the ever-shifting work landscape, 和Moreover, some colleges cooperate with enterprises to make classrooms more like workplaces and enhance students’ all round capabilities.中都出現(xiàn)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的運(yùn)用，全文中沒(méi)有中國(guó)式英語(yǔ)的句式,顯示了很高的駕馭英語(yǔ)的能力。另外,?文章思路清晰、層次分明，上下句轉(zhuǎn)換自然,為文章增色添彩。
Passage2
Directions: Write a summary of the passage in more than 60 words and the original sentences in the passage are not allowed to use.
Why do some people live to be older than others? You know the standard explanations: keeping a moderate diet, engaging in regular exercise, etc. But what effect does your personality have on your longevity? Do some kinds of personalities lead to longer lives? A new study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society looked at this question by examining the personality characteristics of 246 children of people who had lived to be at least 100.
The study shows that those living the longest are more outgoing, more active and less neurotic (神經(jīng)質(zhì)的) than other people. Long-living women are also more likely to be sympathetic and cooperative than women with a normal life span. These findings are in agreement with what you would expect from the evolutionary theory: those who like to make friends and help others can gather enough resources to make it through tough times.
Interestingly, however, other characteristics that you might consider advantageous had no impact on whether study participants were likely to live longer. Those who were more self-disciplined, for instance, were no more likely to live to be very old. Also, being open to new ideas had no relationship to long life, which might explain all those bad-tempered old people who are fixed in their ways.
Whether you can successfully change your personality as an adult is the subject of a longstanding psychological debate. But the new paper suggests that if you want long life, you should strive to be as outgoing as possible.
Unfortunately, another recent study shows that your mother’s personality may also help determine your longevity. That study looked at nearly 28,000 Norwegian mothers and found that those moms who were more anxious, depressed and angry were more likely to feed their kids unhealthy diets. Patterns of childhood eating can be hard to break when we’re adults, which may mean that kids of depressed moms end up dying younger.
Personality isn’t destiny, and everyone knows that individuals can learn to change. But both studies show that long life isn’t just a matter of your physical health but of your mental health.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Two recent studies have researched the relationship between personality characteristics and longevity. More outgoing, more active and less anxious people and sympathetic and cooperative females live longer, for these personalities may bring them more social resources. However, seemingly advantageous personalities like self-discipline and open-mindedness do not necessarily lead to longevity. Surprisingly, a mother’s personality may affect her children’s life span.
【解析】本文為一篇說(shuō)明文的概要寫作。文章講述了性格和壽命之間的關(guān)系，更外向、更活躍、更不焦慮的人以及富有同情心和合作精神的女性壽命更長(zhǎng)，因?yàn)檫@些性格可能會(huì)給她們帶來(lái)更多的社會(huì)資源。然而，表面上有利的性格，如自律和開放的心態(tài)，并不一定會(huì)導(dǎo)致長(zhǎng)壽。令人驚訝的是，母親的性格可能會(huì)影響孩子的壽命。注意詞數(shù)要求和使用自己的語(yǔ)言。
【詳解】
寫之前，需要認(rèn)真仔細(xì)地讀幾遍原文材料，讓理解更深刻，抓住幾大要點(diǎn)去寫題。本篇概要寫作，需從以下幾個(gè)要點(diǎn)著手；
要點(diǎn)1：該段最近有研究探討了人性格特征與壽命的關(guān)系，主題句為A new study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society looked at this question by examining the personality characteristics of 246 children of people who had lived to be at least 100.
要點(diǎn)2：該段主要講述更外向、更活躍、更不焦慮的人以及富有同情心和合作精神的女性壽命更長(zhǎng)，因?yàn)檫@些性格可能會(huì)給她們帶來(lái)更多的社會(huì)資源。內(nèi)容可以從Long-living women are also more likely to be sympathetic and cooperative than women with a normal life span中提煉。
要點(diǎn)3：該段主要講述表面上有利的性格，如自律和開放的心態(tài)，并不一定會(huì)導(dǎo)致長(zhǎng)壽，內(nèi)容可以從Those who were more self-disciplined, for instance, were no more likely to live to be very old.及后面句子中提煉。
要點(diǎn)4：該段主要講述母親的性格可能會(huì)影響孩子的壽命，主題句為another recent study shows that your mother’s personality may also help determine your longevity.
【點(diǎn)睛】
審題時(shí)要認(rèn)真分析每段要點(diǎn)，不能 遺漏要點(diǎn)。答題時(shí)要注意準(zhǔn)確地使用了相應(yīng)的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯來(lái)改 寫要點(diǎn)句，并有效地使用了合適的銜接詞使上下文意思連貫，文章結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊清晰。
Passage3
閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇 60 詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。
In today’s world where we have various translation apps that allow us to talk to almost anyone “in his own language”, why do we still need to make an effort to learn a foreign language ourselves? There are practical reasons, of course. For example, those who are bilingual (具備雙語(yǔ)能力的) have a better chance in the job market. And science has proved that learning to speak more than one
language can train one’s brain to be stronger.
But there’s more to it than that. US author Rita Mae Brown once wrote: “Language is the road map of a culture.” By taking a look at the vocabulary and idioms of a language system, we get a glimpse (一瞥) at what’s held important in a certain culture. Take the Swedish word “l(fā)agom” for example. It means “just the right amount”, which doesn’t have a matching word either in English or in Chinese. From “l(fā)agom”, we can see how much the concepts of “moderation (適度)” and “balance” are valued in Swedish culture. By learning a foreign language, you also gain a better understanding of your own culture. Irish language expert Benny Lewis explained this idea in his blog with an interesting metaphor: “Trying to understand your own culture merely from within it is like trying to understand what a bus is like if you’ve only ever ridden inside it. If you want the bigger picture, you need to get off that bus and examine it from the outside.” And by opening our eyes to different
cultures, we’re able to understand better how people grow up to be different from one another. We also learn to be more tolerant and respectful to the diversity of the world.
As Trinity University professor Leonardo De Valoes wrote on the school’s website: “Foreign language study is simply part of a very basic liberal education: to ‘educate’ is to lead out, to lead out of narrowness and darkness.”
【答案】Possible version
Why should we master a foreign language despite diverse translation apps? (要1) It brings us some practical benefits. However, its value is more than that.（要點(diǎn)2）Language is an important aspect of culture. Foreign language study helps us understand further the cultures abroad and at home. Thus, we can learn to accept human uniqueness and respect the diversity of the world.（要點(diǎn)3）
【解析】
【分析】
這是一篇概要寫作。
【詳解】
本篇書面表達(dá)是概要寫作。要求概括盡管，現(xiàn)在有不同種類的翻譯軟件，但是我們還要掌握一門外語(yǔ)的原因。從三個(gè)方面進(jìn)行分析，第一： 外語(yǔ)帶給我們一些實(shí)際的好處。但是它的價(jià)值也不只如此。第二：語(yǔ)言是文化的一個(gè)重要方面。外語(yǔ)的學(xué)習(xí)幫助我們對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)外文化有更深一步的了解。第三：我們能夠?qū)W會(huì)接受人類的獨(dú)特性，并且尊重世界的多樣性。寫作過(guò)程中，注意詞數(shù)在60詞左右，同時(shí)使用自己的語(yǔ)言，不要照抄原文語(yǔ)句。1.寫作之前要認(rèn)真閱讀原材料，加深理解。2.遵循原文的邏輯順序，對(duì)重要的主題、標(biāo)題、細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行概括，全面清晰的表明原文信息。
3.盡量使用自己的語(yǔ)言，不要照抄原文原句，篇幅控制在60詞左右。