
名詞性從句是在句子中起名詞作用的句子,它的功能相當(dāng)于名詞詞組,它在復(fù)合句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)等,因此名詞性從句又可分為主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句等。
Many students dn’t knw what they shuld d①,but what Xia Meng wants t d② is earn mney.The reasn is that she wants t lessen her parents’ burden③.It is said that many small cmpanies need graduates t d part-time jbs②.Xia Meng has applied fr tw jbs but she is nt sure abut whether she will be emplyed①.She als wnders when she will be admitted t a cllege① and which city she will g①.She is anxius fr the news that she is admitted t a gd university④.
注釋:①位于及物動(dòng)詞或介詞之后的從句是名詞性從句中的賓語(yǔ)從句。②謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前的從句為名詞性從句中的主語(yǔ)從句。此外,該種從句可以用it作形式主語(yǔ)。③位于be動(dòng)詞之后的從句是名詞性從句中的表語(yǔ)從句。④位于抽象名詞之后,解釋該名詞內(nèi)容的句子為同位語(yǔ)從句。
1.名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞如下表所示:
2.名詞性從句的語(yǔ)序必須是陳述語(yǔ)序。D yu knw where will the party be held?(×)D yu knw where the party will be held?(√)
3.what & thatthat是從屬連詞,在名詞性從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分,也沒有任何意義。而what是連接代詞,在名詞性從句中充當(dāng)成分,通常充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。I believe that I will succeed if I study hard.我相信如果我努力學(xué)習(xí)我會(huì)成功的。I believe what he said because he is an hnest man.我相信他說(shuō)的話,因?yàn)樗莻€(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)的人。
4.whether & if(1)主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中表示“是否”,必須用whether。只有在it作形式主語(yǔ)的主語(yǔ)從句中,可用if。(2)賓語(yǔ)從句中一般情況下whether與if 可以通用,但在以下情況下不能用if ,只能用whether:a.介詞后 b.其后跟不定式 c.其后緊跟r ntd.引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句結(jié)論:在學(xué)生的寫作中,只要表“是否”,一律用whether。
5.wh & whever名詞性從句中的wh翻譯為“誰(shuí)”,帶有疑問(wèn)意味。而whever則翻譯為“不論是誰(shuí)”,沒有疑問(wèn)的語(yǔ)氣。D yu knw wh brke the windw?你知道是誰(shuí)打破了窗戶嗎?Whever brke the windw will be punished.無(wú)論是誰(shuí)打破了窗戶都得挨罰。
6.that不可省略的情況(1)that引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句且從句置于句首時(shí);that引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句時(shí);that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí);當(dāng)it作形式賓語(yǔ),that引導(dǎo)的從句作真正的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)。(2)當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)后接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),第一個(gè)that可省略,其他的that不可省。結(jié)論:學(xué)生習(xí)作中,that一律不省略。注意:在同一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后有多個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句并列時(shí),注意句子的理解,要知道后面的that從何而來(lái)。如:
She said (that) she had brken up with her byfriend,that she was heartbrken,and that she wuld never fall in lve again.她說(shuō)她和男朋友分手了,她很傷心,而且她不會(huì)再愛了。
7.同位語(yǔ)從句位于表示概念或思維的抽象名詞之后,對(duì)該抽象名詞起解釋說(shuō)明的作用。常見的抽象名詞有news,idea,fact,prmise,cnclusin,thery,questin,dubt,thught,hpe,message,suggestin,wrd(消息),pssibility,decisin等。At first many peple were astnished at the cnclusin that the earth was nt the centre f the universe.起初很多人對(duì)地球不是宇宙中心這一結(jié)論感到驚訝。
8.why與because 引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句的用法區(qū)別why與because 引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句時(shí),前者強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果,后者強(qiáng)調(diào)原因。I had a cld.That was why I didn’t attend schl.我感冒了,因此我沒上學(xué)。I didn’t attend schl. That was because I had a cld.我沒上學(xué),那是因?yàn)槲腋忻傲?。注意?1)句子的主語(yǔ)為the reasn時(shí),表語(yǔ)從句用that引導(dǎo),表示原因,此時(shí)不用because。The reasn why she was ill was that she had eaten bad meat.她生病的原因是她吃了變質(zhì)的肉。
(2)由why引導(dǎo)的從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí),表語(yǔ)從句用that引導(dǎo)。Why we decided t put ff the match was that the weather was t terrible.我們決定推遲比賽的原因是天氣太糟糕了。
9.as if/thughas if/thugh引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句通常置于系動(dòng)詞lk,seem,sund,be等后面;表語(yǔ)從句既可以用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,也可用陳述語(yǔ)氣。It sunded as if smebdy was kncking at/n the dr.聽起來(lái)好像有人在敲門。She treats him as if he were a stranger.她待他如陌生人。
單句語(yǔ)法填空1. she wants t knw is when the party will be held.2. he will give up his jb surprises all f us.3. did it shuld be respnsible fr it.4. the meeting will be held this afternn is nt knwn reasn why he was late was he was caught in a traffic jam.
Where/Whether
6.I dubt he has the ability t d it seemed a lng time,he came t said he was wrng and he wanted t make an aplgy t expressed his hpe he wuld visit China failed.That was he didn’t wrk hard.
單句語(yǔ)法填空1. is s breathtaking abut the experience is the ut-f-this-wrld scenes.(2021·新高考全國(guó)Ⅰ) 2.By bat is the nly way t get here,which is we arrived.(2018·江蘇)3.Every year, makes the mst beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.(2017·北京)
4.She asked me I had returned the bks t the library,and I admitted that I hadn’t.(2017·天津6月)5.Yu have t knw yu’re ging if yu are t plan the best way f getting there.(2015·湖南)
名詞性從句解題三步走第一步:根據(jù)兩句之間的意義和邏輯關(guān)系,或者根據(jù)句式結(jié)構(gòu)判斷是否是名詞性從句。第二步:一旦判斷是名詞性從句,就根據(jù)名詞性從句中缺少什么句子成分來(lái)確定選用什么連接詞。若從句中缺少主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ),用連接代詞。指物用what,whatever;指人用wh,whever。第三步:如果不缺少主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),要看從句是否有疑問(wèn)。如果沒有疑問(wèn)用that,有疑問(wèn)則根據(jù)句意使用when,where,why,hw,whether等。
單句語(yǔ)法填空1.He was nt lking fr thers’ smiles,r wrrying abut ________ smene was watching r McCarthy,an authr and expert n Japanese Cartns,explained the character is s ppular.“Because Hell Kitty is all abut happiness,friendship and fun.”3.My first task was t decide where t g and t get can chse they want t d and register nline.
what/whatever
5.Mr White is ppsed t repairing the ld building,and that’s I dn’t prblem is ne less hur f sleep is nt equal t an extra hur f years later the traveler returned t the same place. he saw amazed him.He culd nt believe his wn ,it is advisable yu shuld value and treat them with care.
9.They wuld appreciate it,t be frank, the gds culd be delivered as sn as pssible.10.I asked him his father had dne s that he became such a gd has made it clear the meeting will nt be I entered the restaurant,the waitress said I culd sit I like.13.I didn’t understand this wuld happen and my credit card had already been charged fr the reservatin.
1.What puzzles Lily’s friends is she always has s many crazy ideas.(2021·天津3月)2.We chse this htel because the price fr a night here is dwn t $20,half f it used t charge.(2017·江蘇)3.Over thusands f years,they began t depend less n culd be hunted r gathered frm the wild,and mre n animals they had raised and crps they had swn.(2020·浙江7月)
4.It is nt a prblem we can win the battle;it’s just a matter f time.(2020·江蘇)5.The student cmpleted this experiment t make cme true ______ Prfessr Jseph had said.(2020·天津7月)6.While they are rare nrth f 88°,there is evidence they range all the way acrss the Arctic,and as far suth as James Bay in Canada.(2019·全國(guó)Ⅰ)7.I’m nt sure is mre frightened,me r the female grilla(大猩猩) that suddenly appears ut f nwhere.(2018·全國(guó)Ⅲ)
8.Scientists have btained mre evidence plastic is finding its way int the human bdy.(2019·江蘇)9.This is my father has taught me—t always face difficulties and hpe fr the best.(2018·北京)10.The gld medal will be awarded t wins the first place in the bicycle race.(2018·天津6月)
1. wrries my classmate Mary a lt these days is 2. she puts n t much weight and she is frequently ill.
1.考查主語(yǔ)從句。分析句子可知,第一個(gè)空引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句,從句中缺少主語(yǔ),表示“什么,所……的”,故用what。位于句首,注意首字母大寫。故填What。
語(yǔ)篇解讀 本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述了作者的同學(xué)瑪麗的煩惱,她最近胖了很多而且經(jīng)常生病,向王教授咨詢,在王教授的幫助下,通過(guò)均衡飲食和運(yùn)動(dòng)變得越來(lái)越健康。
2.考查表語(yǔ)從句。分析句子可知,is后面為表語(yǔ)從句,從句成分完整,因此用that引導(dǎo),that無(wú)實(shí)際意義,在句中不作任何成分。故填that。
She has sme dubts 3. she eats t much fast fd high in fat r sugar.Als,with the Cllege Entrance Examinatin appraching,she becmes mre stressful and she can’t sleep well these days.
3.考查同位語(yǔ)從句。分析句子可知,dubt后接的是同位語(yǔ)從句,從句說(shuō)的是dubt的內(nèi)容,從句中不缺少成分,缺少“是否”的意思,故填whether。
Maybe this is 4. she becmes fatter these days,she she becmes slimmer and healthier has been her main task.S she wants t cnsult sme experts and gain sme instructins.
4.考查表語(yǔ)從句。分析句子可知,is后接的是表語(yǔ)從句,從句中不缺少成分,表示“……的原因”,故填why。
5.考查主語(yǔ)從句。分析句子可知,has been前為主語(yǔ)從句,從句中不缺少成分,表示“如何,怎樣”,故用hw。位于句首,注意首字母大寫。故填Hw。
But where she can get better suggestins and 6. will give her better advice als puzzle her.It is her parents’ suggestin 7. she shuld cnsult Prfessr Wang in Zhngshan Hspital.
6.考查主語(yǔ)從句。分析句子可知,puzzle前為主語(yǔ)從句,從句中缺少主語(yǔ),表示“誰(shuí)”,故填wh。
7.考查主語(yǔ)從句。分析句子可知,It為形式主語(yǔ),真正的主語(yǔ)為空后的從句,從句中不缺少成分,且意義完整,故填that。
Prfessr Wang suggests 8. she keep a balanced diet first.She shuld eat vegetables and fruit high in fiber,vitamin and prtein.What’s mre,if she wants t lse weight,she had better take regular exercise mre than half an hur a day.
8.考查賓語(yǔ)從句。分析句子可知,suggests后接的是賓語(yǔ)從句,從句中不缺少成分,且意義完整,故填that。
Mary asked Prfessr Wang 9. she shuld take exercise. Prfessr Wang advised her t take exercise at 5 ’clck in the afternn.That is 10. she will have mre time t d sprts.It is with the help f Prfessr Wang that Mary has becme much healthier nw.
9.考查賓語(yǔ)從句。分析句子可知,ask接雙賓語(yǔ),空后為賓語(yǔ)從句,從句中不缺少成分,根據(jù)下文可知表示“什么時(shí)間”,故填when。
10.考查表語(yǔ)從句。分析句子可知,is后接的是表語(yǔ)從句,從句中不缺少成分,表示“原因”,故填because。
1.what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句最顯眼典例 (2019·浙江6月)我寫信感謝你為我做的一切。I’m writing t thank yu fr what yu have dne fr me.運(yùn)用 (2021·浙江6月)令我驚訝的是,我爸爸允許我按照我的意愿使用這筆錢。
What surprised me was that my dad allwed me t use the mney as I wished.
2.同位語(yǔ)從句放在開頭實(shí)力開篇典例 (2020·浙江7月)聽到你請(qǐng)病假回家的消息,我很難過(guò)。I am srry t hear the news that yu have gne back hme n sick leave.運(yùn)用 (2021·全國(guó)乙)沒有人能否認(rèn)在線學(xué)習(xí)正變得越來(lái)越流行這一事實(shí)。
N ne can deny the fact that nline learning is becming mre and mre ppular.
3.表語(yǔ)從句之前的連詞要考慮周全典例 (2016·全國(guó)Ⅲ)我很抱歉我不能和你一起按計(jì)劃去書店了。原因是我那時(shí)有一個(gè)重要的會(huì)要參加。I’m srry that I can’t g t the bkstre with yu as planned.The reasn is that I have an imprtant meeting t attend then.運(yùn)用 (2021·北京)很抱歉,我不能按計(jì)劃和你出去。原因是我弟弟前幾天摔斷了腿,我必須照顧他。
I’m srry that I can’t g ut with yu as planned.The reasn is that my yunger brther brke his leg the ther day and I must lk after him.
4.That/This is because/why...靈活簡(jiǎn)練典例 (2019·天津6月)我五歲時(shí)開始學(xué)畫畫,我非常喜愛繪畫。這就是我想讓您安排關(guān)于西方美術(shù)的講座的原因。I tk up drawing at the age f five and I’m fnd f painting.This is why I want yu t arrange a lecture n Western art.
運(yùn)用 (2021·浙江6月)這個(gè)展覽非常精彩,展示了中國(guó)文化的魅力。這就是為什么我想推薦我的同學(xué)們也來(lái)參加這個(gè)藝術(shù)展。
The exhibitin is fantastic and shws the charm f Chinese culture.This is why I wuld like t recmmend my fellw students t attend this art shw as well.
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