
定語(yǔ)從句的概念:在復(fù)合句中,修飾某一名詞、代詞或整個(gè)主句的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞,引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞,定語(yǔ)從句放在先行詞的后面。
考點(diǎn)一 that/which/wh/whm
考點(diǎn)二 as/which/whse
考點(diǎn)三 when/where/why
Xia Meng is a girl wh/that① lves reading and she is als a girl wh/whm/that② teachers ften praise.Bks that/which③ talk abut lve r adventures are her favrite.Jurney t the West is the first bk that④ Xia Meng has read,and it is als the best nvel that④ she has read.Everything that④ appears in the nvel is interesting and bth peple and mnsters that④ are described in it make her fascinated.
注釋?zhuān)孩訇P(guān)系詞指人作主語(yǔ),可以用that,wh引導(dǎo)。②關(guān)系詞指人作賓語(yǔ),可以用that,wh,whm 引導(dǎo)。③關(guān)系詞指物作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),可以用that,which引導(dǎo)。④關(guān)系詞指物,由形容詞最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞修飾,或者是先行詞是不定代詞,或關(guān)系詞既指人又指物時(shí),只能用that。
1.that/which/wh/whm在句子里充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),這些關(guān)系詞叫關(guān)系代詞。在上面的短文中的限制性定語(yǔ)從句中,that 出現(xiàn)頻率最高。that既可以作主語(yǔ),也可以作賓語(yǔ),既可以指人,也可以指物。
2.此外指物時(shí)只用that 不用which的情況的口訣:very、nly序最高,人物、不定that好。即先行詞指物被the very、the nly、序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí),或者先行詞既包括人也包括物時(shí),或者先行詞指物是不定代詞或被不定代詞修飾時(shí),定語(yǔ)從句用that引導(dǎo)。This is the very bk that I have been lking fr fr several days.這正是我找了好幾天的那本書(shū)。Is there anything that yu want t say abut this matter?關(guān)于這件事你想說(shuō)什么呢?
3.定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與先行詞的數(shù)保持一致。I still remember the peple in the remte village wh were friendly t me.我仍然記得那些住在邊遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)對(duì)我很友好的鄉(xiāng)親。The students wh are interested in the activity shuld sign up fr it in advance.對(duì)這次活動(dòng)感興趣的同學(xué)們要提前報(bào)名。
單句語(yǔ)法填空1.The dictinary the gentleman bught half an hur ag was very lady wh (be) standing behind the cunter is my man I served was wearing a is the third apple she has eaten in the afternn.
wh/whm/that
5.This is the nly thing I can d t slve the tricky ’s all I knw abut the yung man living next they met again,the tw friends talked abut lts f things and persns they culd remember in the is the best film I have ever seen.
As① we all knw/As① is knwn t all,Li Hua is a student whse② name is ften seen in English examinatins.But this year he didn’t make us write cmpsitins fr him,which③ made many students sad.Hw we miss the by fr whm④ we have written many cmpsitins and we have prepared many situatins in which④ he can’t write articles himself.
注釋?zhuān)孩傥挥诰涫?,在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),用as引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。②在定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ),表示所屬關(guān)系“……的”,用關(guān)系代詞whse。③用于帶逗號(hào)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中,作主語(yǔ)指物或前面整個(gè)句子時(shí),只能用which而不用that。④當(dāng)介詞提到關(guān)系代詞之前時(shí),若先行詞指物,則關(guān)系詞只能用which;若先行詞指人,則關(guān)系詞只能用whm。
1.whse既可以指人,又可以指物,在從句中作定語(yǔ),表示先行詞的所有格。即 whse 前的先行詞和whse之后的名詞有所屬關(guān)系??谠E:whse前后名,后名屬前名。This is the girl whse name is Li Mei.這就是那個(gè)叫李梅的女孩。He lives in a huse whse windws face the nrth.他住在窗戶(hù)朝北的房子里。
2.只用which/whm而不用that的情況。用在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中或者動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)中的介詞提到關(guān)系代詞之前,充當(dāng)其賓語(yǔ)時(shí)。注意:which既可以指某一個(gè)名詞,也可以指前面的整個(gè)句子。She lst the game,which depressed her greatly.她輸了比賽,這使她很沮喪。There was n persn t whm she culd turn fr help in the dark street.在黑漆漆的街上沒(méi)有她可以求助的人。
3.定語(yǔ)從句有限制性和非限制性?xún)煞N。限制性定語(yǔ)從句是先行詞不可缺少的部分,去掉它主句意思往往不明確;非限制性定語(yǔ)從句是先行詞的附加說(shuō)明,去掉了也不會(huì)影響主句的意思,它與主句之間通常用逗號(hào)分開(kāi),將非限制性定語(yǔ)從句放在句子中間,其前后都需要用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)。
4.as引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句主要用于the ,和結(jié)構(gòu)中。 as既可以指人也可以指物,在從句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)。We have fund such materials as are used in their factry.我們已經(jīng)找到了像他們工廠里使用的那種材料。These huses are sld at such a lw price as peple expected.這些房子以人們期望的低價(jià)出售了。
5.關(guān)系代詞which與as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別
As anybdy can see,the elephant is like a snake.正如每個(gè)人所看到的一樣,這匹大象像一條蛇。She married again,which was unexpected.她再婚了,這是始料未及的。
單句語(yǔ)法填空1.He is the student English is always at the ur factry there are 2,000 wrkers,tw thirds f are is wrking hard, will make him pass the final exam.4. is knwn t all,there are 7 cntinents n the earth.
Xia Ming still remembers the day when① he was seriusly punished by his father.The reasn why② he was punished was that he played cellphne games fr a whle weekend.His father brught him t a rm where③ there was n thers.After putting the cellphne int a basin which/that④ was full f water,he tld Xia Ming abut the days that/which④ he spent earning schl fees by ding part-time jbs in a restaurant.This was the reasn that/which④ his father tld him fr nt playing cellphnes.
注釋?zhuān)孩傧刃性~表示時(shí)間,從句不缺主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),用關(guān)系副詞when。②先行詞表示原因,從句不缺主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),用關(guān)系副詞why。③先行詞表示地點(diǎn),從句不缺主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),用關(guān)系副詞where。④先行詞雖然表示地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間或原因,但是從句缺主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),仍然用關(guān)系代詞that/which。
1.關(guān)系副詞與關(guān)系代詞的選擇從句不缺主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),是個(gè)完整的句子,可以是主謂賓或主系表結(jié)構(gòu),亦可以是主謂結(jié)構(gòu)(主語(yǔ)+vi.)。此時(shí)需要判斷謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是否及物。判斷定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是及物動(dòng)詞還是不及物動(dòng)詞的方法:把謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與先行詞連接起來(lái),看它們是否能構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,如果能直接構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,則該謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為及物動(dòng)詞,否則為不及物動(dòng)詞。
(1)The factry he nce wrked is clsed nw.wrk與factry不能直接構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,只有后面加上介詞in才能構(gòu)成正確的表達(dá)形式,wrk in the factry。因此可推知wrk為不及物動(dòng)詞。因此此處應(yīng)使用關(guān)系副詞where作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),也可使用in which (which代替先行詞the factry)。(2)The factry he set up last year is perating well.該題中從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以和先行詞構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓結(jié)構(gòu)set up the factry,所以set up是及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。其后缺賓語(yǔ),因此此處用關(guān)系代詞that或which。
2.當(dāng)先行詞為表示抽象地點(diǎn)的名詞situatin,case,stage,pint,psitin等,且關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句;如果關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí),則用關(guān)系代詞which/that。
3.“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中介詞的確定:(1)依據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句中動(dòng)詞的習(xí)慣搭配來(lái)確定I bught a great many bks,n which I spent all my mney that I saved.我買(mǎi)了很多書(shū),這些書(shū)花光了我的所有積蓄。(2)依據(jù)先行詞的某種習(xí)慣搭配來(lái)確定I’ll never frget the time during which I spent my childhd in the cuntry.我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記我在鄉(xiāng)村度過(guò)的童年時(shí)光。(3)根據(jù)所表達(dá)的意思來(lái)確定The clurless gas withut which we cannt live is called xygen.離開(kāi)它我們就不能生存的這種無(wú)色氣體叫作氧氣。
4.當(dāng)the way 作先行詞時(shí),無(wú)論關(guān)系詞作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)還是作狀語(yǔ),用that一定正確。I dn’ t like the way that/in which he speaks t me.(關(guān)系詞作方式狀語(yǔ))They are lking fr a way that/which is the mst suitable fr the prblem.(關(guān)系詞作主語(yǔ))
單句語(yǔ)法填空1.I still remember the day I first came t reasn he failed in the exam was that he didn’t study shps in museums peple wuld buy suvenirs fr themselves and their friends used t be the last stp f each visit.
單句語(yǔ)法填空1.BMI is an internatinally recgnized measurement tl gives an indicatin f whether smene is a healthy weight.(2021·浙江1月)2.Nw Irene Astbury wrks frm 9 am t 5 pm daily at the pet shp in Macclesfield, she pened with her late husband Les.(2019·全國(guó)Ⅱ)3.We have entered int an age dreams have the best chance f cming true.(2019·江蘇)
定語(yǔ)從句解題三步走第一步:根據(jù)是否修飾某一名詞,且放在該名詞之后來(lái)確定是不是定語(yǔ)從句。第二步:根據(jù)從句中是否缺主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)來(lái)確定用關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞。如果從句缺主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),則用關(guān)系代詞;如果不缺主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),則使用關(guān)系副詞(或者“介詞+which”)。第三步:根據(jù)先行詞具體所指,確定是哪個(gè)關(guān)系代詞或者關(guān)系副詞。
單句語(yǔ)法填空1.The ld man turned his business ver t his yunger sn, made his elder sn discuraged.2.I will never frget such a beautiful village I spent my childhd with my they met peple frm ther parts f the cuntry, had als vlunteered t are many gd websites yu can check ut the latest in the science wrld.
5.The system, can be the mst advanced in many ways,will be the largest earthquake bservatin netwrk in the decided t g t Stanfrd because there were many pprtunities fr peple wanted t wrk in Silicn interest started a few years ag, he was in cllege and studying wildlife Needham began his lifelng research, ended up creating the greatest wrk—Science and Civilisatin in wman has set a gd example t her sn, is a really lucky guy.
10.Over the years,I have met sme interesting peple.Tw f the mst interesting peple were tw elderly sisters,Jan and Bernice, way f talking abut peple inspired me.11. the saying ges,“Where there is a will,there is a way.”12.The reasn Tm lks angry is that he has quarreled with his have reached a stage we must take effective measures t prtect the envirnment s as t save was easy t recgnize as she was the mst beautiful wman had been present at the I came acrss the man abut yu talked last time.
1.William Hastie nce suggested that histry infrms us f past mistakes frm we can learn withut repeating them.(2021·天津3月,改編)2.At the Chinese art festival,there are different stands artists demnstrate their skills and teach the visitrs.(2021·天津3月)3.They were well trained by their masters had great experience with caring fr these animals.(2019·全國(guó)Ⅲ)
4.Because the mn’s bdy blcks direct radi cmmunicatin with a prbe,China first had t put a satellite in rbit abve the mn in a spt _______ it culd send signals t the spacecraft and t Earth.(2020·全國(guó)Ⅰ)5.In ancient China lived an artist paintings were almst lifelike.(2020·全國(guó)Ⅲ)6.The 80,000 bjects cllected by Sir Hans Slane,fr example,frmed the cre cllectin f the British Museum pened in 1759.(2020·新高考全國(guó)Ⅰ)
7.The students benefitting mst frm cllege are thse are ttally engaged(參與) in academic life,taking full advantage f the cllege’s chances and resurces(資源).(2019·北京)8.Their child is at the stage she can say individual wrds but nt full sentences.(2019·天津6月)9.Tw f the authrs f the review als made a study published in 2014 __________ shwed a mere five t 10 minutes a day f running reduced the risk f heart disease and early deaths frm all causes.(2018·全國(guó)Ⅰ)
10.The Chinese Ministry f Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the gvernment started a sil-testing prgram gives specific fertilizer recmmendatins t farmers—and 2011,fertilizer use drpped by 7.7 millin tns.(2018·全國(guó)Ⅱ)11.Many westerners cme t China ck much less than in their wn cuntries nce they realize hw cheap it can be t eat ut.(2018·浙江6月)12.Self-driving is an area China and the rest f the wrld are n the same starting line.(2018·江蘇)13.But Sarah, has taken part in shws alng with tp mdels,wants t prve that she has brains as well as beauty.(2017·全國(guó)Ⅲ)
There was a time 1. I was tired f learning English and disliked t speak English.
語(yǔ)篇解讀 本文為記敘文,文章敘述了作者參加英語(yǔ)俱樂(lè)部的難忘經(jīng)歷。在那里作者遇到了一位好老師,那位老師使作者對(duì)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)產(chǎn)生了興趣,同時(shí)作者還養(yǎng)成了學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的好習(xí)慣。
1.先行詞是time,指時(shí)間,定語(yǔ)從句中不缺主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),故填關(guān)系副詞when。
And this was the reasn 2. my father frced me t jin in a 30-day training in an English club befre I went t senir high schl. When I first came t the club,3. I met many strangers,I missed my parents very much.
2.先行詞是reasn,指原因,定語(yǔ)從句中不缺主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),故填關(guān)系副詞why。
3.先行詞是club,指地點(diǎn),定語(yǔ)從句不缺主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),故填關(guān)系副詞where。
S I packed up my things and wanted t g hme.Frtunately,my guide,4. teacher was Yu Minhng,cmmunicated with me face t face.He,frm 5. I gained sme useful instructins,als shwed me a gd partner,and we gt alng well with each ther.
4.先行詞是guide,空格后面的teacher與其構(gòu)成所屬關(guān)系,故填whse。
5.此處為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,結(jié)合句意及空格前的介詞frm可知填whm。
Gradually I adapted t the life there.Every day I wuld like t talk t ther teenagers and set dwn a series f activities 6. we did.I shuld be grateful t my father and the guide,7. encuraged me t fall in lve with English.
6.此處為限制性定語(yǔ)從句,關(guān)系詞指代先行詞activities,并在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ),故用that/which。
7.此處為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,關(guān)系詞指代先行詞my father and the guide,指人,并在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ),故用wh。
Nw I feel it interesting t learn English,int 8. I put my entire energy.Every day I read my wrds and passages alud.In class I jin in English discussins.Befre I g t sleep,I recall the passages,thrugh 9._______ I can memrize a large number f new wrds.
8.此處為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,關(guān)系詞指代“學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)”這件事,并在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ),故用which。
9.此處為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,先行詞為前面的句子“I recall the passages”,故用which。
10. ur English teacher says,“As lng as yu frm the habit f learning English every day and have perseverance,yu will cnquer English sner r later.”
10.此處為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,關(guān)系詞指代后面的句子“As lng as yu frm the habit f learning English every day and have perseverance,yu will cnquer English sner r later.”并位于句首,意為“正如”,故用As。
1.邀請(qǐng)信典例 (2017·浙江6月)我寫(xiě)信邀請(qǐng)你參加我組織的徒步旅行,我們的一些同學(xué)將參加。I’m writing t invite yu t participate in a hiking rganized by me,which sme f ur classmates will take part in.運(yùn)用 (2019·全國(guó)Ⅲ)我寫(xiě)信邀請(qǐng)你參加下周六在我們學(xué)校舉辦的音樂(lè)節(jié)。
I’m writing t invite yu t take part in the music festival which/that will be held in ur schl next Saturday.
不同語(yǔ)境中定語(yǔ)從句的使用
2.申請(qǐng)信(1)典例 (2019·全國(guó)Ⅰ)我自五歲學(xué)習(xí)中國(guó)畫(huà),因此我很了解這門(mén)藝術(shù),這使得我能夠很好地介紹畫(huà)展。I have taken up Chinese painting since I was five years ld and I have a gd knwledge f it,which makes it pssible fr me t intrduce the exhibitin well.運(yùn)用 (2018·浙江6月)我英語(yǔ)很熟練,這使得我與外國(guó)人自由交談成為可能。
I have a gd cmmand f English,which makes it pssible fr me t cmmunicate with freigners freely.
3.申請(qǐng)信(2)典例 (2019·全國(guó)Ⅰ)我寫(xiě)信是想申請(qǐng)你們昨天在報(bào)紙上刊登的志愿者工作。I’m writing t apply t wrk as a vlunteer that yu advertised in yesterday’s newspaper.運(yùn)用 (2018·浙江6月)我寫(xiě)信申請(qǐng)我們學(xué)校英語(yǔ)協(xié)會(huì)所提供的職位。
I’m writing t apply fr the psitin that/which the English Assciatin f ur schl ffers.
4.通知(1)典例 (2018·全國(guó)Ⅱ)Grwing Tgether這部電影主要講述我們學(xué)校的發(fā)展,將于6月17日下午2∶00到4∶00在學(xué)校大廳放映。The mvie Grwing Tgether,which is abut the develpment f ur schl,will be shwn in the schl hall frm 2∶00 t 4∶00 in the afternn n June 17th.
運(yùn)用 (2019·全國(guó)Ⅲ)這場(chǎng)音樂(lè)會(huì),其中包括由才華橫溢的學(xué)生們表演的各種精彩節(jié)目,將于下周日上午在我校大廳舉行。
The cncert,which includes varius fantastic perfrmances played by talented students,will be held in the schl hall next Sunday mrning.
5.通知(2)典例 (2018·全國(guó)Ⅱ)任何想要觀看電影的同學(xué)要在下午兩點(diǎn)之前到達(dá)。Thse wh want t watch the mvie are required t arrive befre tw in the afternn.運(yùn)用 (2014·遼寧)任何想?yún)⒓釉摶顒?dòng)的同學(xué),可以通過(guò)lihua@123.cm與李華聯(lián)系。
Anyne wh wants t take part in this activity can email Li Hua at lihua@123.cm.
6.感謝信典例 (2019·浙江6月)我感謝你為了提高我的英語(yǔ)所做的一切。I am grateful t yu fr everything that yu did fr me t imprve my English.運(yùn)用 (2021·天津6月)我寫(xiě)信是為了感謝我在英國(guó)時(shí),你為我所做的一切。如果不是你的關(guān)心,我在那里就不會(huì)過(guò)得這么愉快了。
I’m writing t cnvey my gratitude fr everything that yu did fr me when I was in England. If it hadn’t been yur care,I wuldn’t have enjyed my stay there s much.
7.推薦信典例 (2018·北京)我建議你申請(qǐng)北京大學(xué),它是中國(guó)最好的大學(xué)之一。I suggest that the university yu apply fr is Peking University,which is ne f the best universities in China.運(yùn)用 (2021·浙江6月)無(wú)論你是中國(guó)藝術(shù)愛(ài)好者,還是想了解更多內(nèi)容的人,來(lái)欣賞這次藝術(shù)展吧。
Whether yu are a fan f Chinese art r smene wh wants t knw mre abut it,cme and enjy the art exhibitin.
這是一份2024年高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)課件(新人教版) 第2部分 語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)題 專(zhuān)題四 第1講 定語(yǔ)從句,共60頁(yè)。PPT課件主要包含了對(duì)點(diǎn)練習(xí),whichthat,whose,that,which,when,where,why,whom,them等內(nèi)容,歡迎下載使用。
這是一份高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)課件 第2部分 語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)題 專(zhuān)題4 第1講 定語(yǔ)從句,共55頁(yè)。PPT課件主要包含了高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)策略,考點(diǎn)分類(lèi)突 破,考點(diǎn)分層演 練,語(yǔ)法鏈接寫(xiě) 作等內(nèi)容,歡迎下載使用。
這是一份(新高考)高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)課件第2部分 語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)題 專(zhuān)題四 第2講 名詞性從句 (含詳解),共42頁(yè)。PPT課件主要包含了考點(diǎn)分類(lèi)突 破,點(diǎn)對(duì)點(diǎn)練習(xí),What,That,Whoever,that,whetherif,what,because,對(duì)接高考 技法指導(dǎo)等內(nèi)容,歡迎下載使用。
(新高考)高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)課件第2部分 語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)題 專(zhuān)題一 第1講 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 (含詳解)
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(新高考)高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)課件第2部分 語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)題 專(zhuān)題四 第3講 并列句和狀語(yǔ)從句 (含詳解)
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