?專題07 閱讀理解
精講閱讀理解
中考閱讀理解題主要考查學(xué)生的語篇閱讀能力、分析和判斷能力。要求學(xué)生能較快地通過閱讀理解短文大意，獲取其中的主要信息，能做出正確判斷，然后根據(jù)試題的要求從A, B, C, D四個選項(xiàng)中選出最佳答案或做出正誤判斷。文章的難易程度和初三課文基本相同，要求閱讀速度為每分鐘40-50個詞。
一、閱讀理解的考察內(nèi)容
1. 考查掌握所讀材料的主旨和大意的能力。此類考查主旨和大意的題大多數(shù)針對段落（或短文）的主題，主題思想，標(biāo)題或目的
2. 考查把握文章的事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)的能力。此類考查事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)的題目大多數(shù)是針對文章的細(xì)節(jié)設(shè)計(jì)的
3. 考查根據(jù)上下文猜測生詞的含義的能力。此類猜測詞義的題目要求考生根據(jù)上下文確定某一特定的詞或短語的準(zhǔn)確含義。
4. 考查對閱讀材料全篇的邏輯關(guān)系的理解，對文章各段，各句之間的邏輯關(guān)系的理解能力。此類題目主要考查的是句與句之間，短語與短語之間的邏輯關(guān)系，
5. 考查依據(jù)短文內(nèi)容和考生應(yīng)有的常識進(jìn)行推理和判斷的能力。此類題目文章中沒有明確的答案，需要考生再理解全文的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行推理和判斷。
6. 考查推斷作者意圖和態(tài)度的能力。
二、閱讀理解答題方法和技巧
1．獲取段落的主旨和大意，找出主題句。一篇文章（或一段文章）通常都是圍繞一個中心意思展開的。而這個中心意思往往由一個句子來概括。這個能概括文章或段落中心意思的句子叫做主題句。因此，理解一個段落或一篇文章的中心意思首先要學(xué)會尋找主題句。
2．猜測詞義。猜測詞義也是一種英語閱讀能力。英語閱讀理解試題中有不少這樣的題目。任何一個實(shí)詞，只有在一定的上下文中才能表示一個確定的詞義。所謂上下文(context),正如英語辭典所解釋的，其作用就是幫助確定上下文中的詞、短語或句子的意義。據(jù)此，我們可以盡可能地利用上下文來猜測詞義，即從已知推求未知，也就是用我們所熟悉的詞或短語來猜測我們不熟悉的詞的詞義。猜測詞義時，我們可以從三個方面來考慮：1）根據(jù)上下文已知部分進(jìn)行邏輯上的推理。2）運(yùn)用語法知識進(jìn)行語法分析。3）依靠常識和經(jīng)驗(yàn)做出判斷。
3．確定細(xì)節(jié)和事實(shí)。在閱讀理解題目中，有相當(dāng)一部分是考查細(xì)節(jié)和事實(shí)的題目。這類題目相對容易一些。這些題目有兩個共同特點(diǎn)：（1）凡屬針對特定細(xì)節(jié)的考題，其正確答案大都可以在閱讀材料中找到對應(yīng)的文字部分作為驗(yàn)證。這一部分可能是一個詞或短語，也可能是一個句子或相關(guān)的若干句子，但句式、用詞和表達(dá)方式不同。（2）干擾項(xiàng)往往是主體思想與細(xì)節(jié)混雜，正確答案細(xì)節(jié)和非正確答案的細(xì)節(jié)混雜，甚至真假混雜。因此，要做好閱讀理解中的確定細(xì)節(jié)和事實(shí)的題目，一要在文章中找出相應(yīng)的信息點(diǎn)，二要排除干擾項(xiàng)。
4．做好推斷？所謂推斷，就是根據(jù)閱讀材料中所提供的信息，推斷出未知的信息。即把有關(guān)的文字作為已知部分，從中推斷出未知部分。據(jù)以推斷的有關(guān)文字可能是詞或句子，也可能是若干句子，甚至是全文。
中考英語試題中的推斷題很多，包括的面也很大。其類型主要有以下幾種：
（1）事實(shí)推斷：這種推斷常常針對某一個或幾個具體細(xì)節(jié)，是比較簡單的推斷。進(jìn)行這種推斷，要首先在文章中找出據(jù)以推斷的有關(guān)文字，然后加以分析，尤其要悟出字里行間的意思。
（2）指代推斷：確定指代詞的含義和指代對象是閱讀理解題常見的題目。要確定指代詞所指代的對象，關(guān)鍵在于對所在上下文的正確理解。指代名詞的指代詞，其單復(fù)數(shù)形式英語被指代的詞一致，因此數(shù)的形式可作為識別指代對象第一個輔助標(biāo)志。
（3）邏輯推斷 這類題目往往是要求根據(jù)文章所提供的背景，人物的表情，動作和語言來推斷出人物的態(tài)度或感覺。
（4）對作者的意圖和態(tài)度的推斷
這一類考題大都要求考生就作者對論述對象持什么樣的態(tài)度做出推斷， 如作者對所陳述的觀點(diǎn)是贊同、反對，還是猶豫不定，對記述或描寫的人、物或事件是贊頌、同情、冷漠，還是厭惡。作者的這種思想傾向和感情色彩不一定直接表述出來，而往往隱含在字里行間。因此，進(jìn)行這種推斷時，我們既要依靠短文的主題思想作為推力的前提，又要注意作者的措辭，尤其是形容詞一類的修飾語。


精練閱讀理解
（一）
After learning about these famous women, you will know you can do a lot for society, and make a difference to the world in your lifetime.

Amelia Earhart(1897—1937)
Amelia Earhart was the first woman who ever flew alone across the Atlantic in 1932. She became the first woman pilot in 1935 after flying from Hawaii to California. She began her lifelong dream of flying across the world in 1937. However, her flight went missing on that trip and she was never seen again.

Helena Rubinstein(1870—1965)
Helena Rubinstein moved to Australia in 1902 without the ability to speak English. Later, she set up one of the world's first cosmetic (化妝品) companies after mixing lanolin, which is an oil that comes from sheep's wool, with flowers. Because of that, she became the world's richest woman at that time.

Katharine Hepburn(1907—2003)
Katharine Hepburn was known for playing strongwilled women in her films. She won four Academy Awards(奧斯卡金像獎) for Best Actress, the most an actress has ever won. Her new dress style made wearing trousers acceptable to women, which wasn't allowed at that time.

Emmeline Pankhurst(1858—1928)
Emmeline was a great woman activist. She helped British women get the right to vote. She fought for the rights of women all the time with the help of her husband in the late 19th century and early 20th century. After she lost her husband, she worked together with her three daughters and formed The Women Social and Political Union.
( )1. According to the passage, which word can best describe Amelia Earhart?
A. Brave. B. Careful. C. Lucky. D. Energetic.
( )2. What was the problem for Helena Rubinstein when she moved to Australia?[來源:學(xué)。科。網(wǎng)Z。X。X。K]
A. She didn't have any money.
B. She couldn't speak English.
C. She knew nothing about business.
D. She didn't know how to dress up.
( )3. How many times did Katharine Hepburn win Academy Awards for Best Actress?
A. Once. B. Twice. C. Three times. D. Four times.
( )4. What did Emmeline Pankhurst fight for during her lifetime?
A. Her dream to be a pilot. B. Women's rights in the UK.
C. Women's rights in the USA. D. Her dream to be an actress.
( )5. What do the four women above have in common?
A. A creative mind. B. A warm heart.
C. A pioneer spirit. D. A good education.[來源:Z|xx|k.C

）
）
Egg carving (蛋雕) is often called the most fragile (易碎的) art, as it requires great care before, during and even after the carving. Yu Wen, the granddaughter of a famous local painter in Dandong, Liaoning Province, has been practising egg carving for about 25 years.
Yu has used more than 10，000 eggs, and years of hard work has left many thick calluses (繭) on her hands. Sometimes she can't even hold chopsticks properly after a long day of holding the carving knife. But in Yu's opinion, the difficult process makes egg carving twice as exciting. “If you carve off too much, the work is broken and there is no way to deal with it. That makes the sense of achievement even greater when you finish a piece，” said Yu.
Yu's love for egg carving started with a local tradition. In northeast China, when a baby is born, friends and relatives often send eggs colored red as gifts, and some may carve auspicious(吉利的) words on them. The character “福” is a popular one to be carved onto eggs. Yu carves with not only popular characters or traditional patterns (圖案), but also Peking Opera masks and wall paintings. Her egg carving is just as much about eggs as it is about Chinese culture.
Now Yu teaches egg carving at a local university. In recent years, she has seen more people coming from across the country to learn the art. “I hope I can better combine (結(jié)合) the art with traditional culture in the future，”Yu said.
( )1. What is/are most needed during the process of carving an egg?
A. Much money. B. Colored eggs.
C. Much attention. D. Carving knives.
( )2. Yu Wen thinks egg carving is________．
A. boring B. exciting C. tiring D. uninteresting.
( )3. The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refers to “________”．
A. the work B. the process C. the culture D. the knife
( )4. According to the passage, what does Yu Wen carve onto eggs?
①The baby's pictures. ②Traditional patterns.
③Peking Opera masks. ④Wall paintings.
A. ①②③. B. ①②④. C. ①③④. D. ②③④.
( )5. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Yu Wen loves egg carving very much.
B. Yu Wen works at a primary school now.
C. Yu Wen started to carve eggs at the age of 25.
D. There is something wrong with Yu Wen's hands.

（三）
“I am going to the store, Uncle Moti，” Mina said. “Do you want to come along? You have not seen much of the neighborhood yet.”
Uncle shook his head, “No, thank you，” He said. “It is just too loud and crowded for me. Everyone is always on the go, while I am used to the peace and quiet of our village. I feel afraid out there, like a frightened(害怕的) child.” Mina sat on the sofa next to her uncle. “Tell me about the village, Uncle Moti，” She said. “Would I like it there？”
Uncle laughed. “Without a doubt, you would find it dull at first—the loudest sound is usually birdsong. The people I meet on the street are all people I know, and we stop and talk or go to the tea shop and have tea. There are not many shops, but the shopkeepers know all their customers. Everyone is friendly and has a smile for everyone else.”
“Sounds really nice，” Mina said. “But I think maybe it is not different in every way. I really wish you would come with me, and I could show you why I say that.” Uncle sighed and got up, saying, “All right, Mina. I will go.”
Out on the street, cars zoomed by, some of them honking. Uncle looked very nervous at all the noise and activities, and Mina took his hand.
“Look，” she said, “there is my friend Nate, and coming down the street is my teacher, Ms. Sanchez.” Mina waved to Nate, who wave back, and called hello to her teacher. Then she led her uncle down the street to the store, where she greeted the shopkeeper. “Hi, Ms. Franklin, this is my uncle Moti, who has come here to live.”
“Over here，” Mina took her uncle's arm and led him across the street. A sign over a door read “Navid's Tea Shop，” Uncle smiled. They went in and sat at a table. They ordered tea, and Uncle sighed happily.
“Well, I see what you were trying to show me，” he said. “This neighborhood is your village. Now it will be mine too. It has friends, kind shopkeepers, birds, and even a tea shop...”
( )1. At first, Uncle Moti didn't want to go out with Mina because ________．
A. he missed his family in the village
B. he felt very tired after a long journey
C. he didn't get used to the life in Mina's neighborhood
D. people in Mina's neighborhood were unfriendly to him
( )2. From the underlined sentences in the passage, we can infer(推斷) that Mina is a ________ girl.
A. brave B. caring C. creative D. humorous
( )3. The sentence “________” in the passage shows that Mina's neighborhood and Uncle's village are similar.
A. I feel afraid out there, like a frightened child.
B. You would find it dull at first—the loudest sound is usually birdsong.
C. Out on the street, cars zoomed by, some of them honking.
D. It has friends, kind shopkeepers, birds, and even a tea shop.
( )4. The story suggests that Uncle Moti will probably ________ later on.
A. still feel frightened as before
B. start to look for a job in a tea shop
C. be willing to go out in Mina's neighborhood
D. tell people why he came to Mina's neighborhood
（四）
Aladdin climbed down the steps and walked through the rooms． Soon he found the lamp．
He picked it up and put it under his clothes． Then he climbed back up the steps． The man was waiting for him．
He asked Aladdin to give the lamp to him． But Aladdin didn't agree． So the man became very angry． He pushed the stone over the hole and returned to Africa．
Aladdin tried to push the stone out of the way， but he could not． "No one knows I am here，" he thought． "I shall die in here．"
For three days Aladdin was trapped in the hole． On the third day， he looked at the ring on his finger． "My uncle said， ‘This will keep you from harm，'" he thought． He turned it on his finger． Immediately， a genie stood in front of him．
"I am the slave of the ring，" the genie said． "What may I do for you？"
Aladdin said， "Take me home．"
The next moment Aladdin was back at home．
He rested for many days． The he said to his mother， "I found this lamp． Perhaps you can sell it．"
"I shall clean it first，" his mother said．
She began to clean the lamp． Immediately， a different genie stood in front of her． "I am the slave of the lamp，" the genie said． "What may I do for you？"
"Bring me food，" the mother said．
The next moment there was food in the table．
Aladdin and his mother asked the genie to bring them many things． Soon they were the richest people in the town．
( )1.What did the man ask Aladdin to do？　 　
A． To put the ring on．
B． To give him the lamp．
C． To go to Africa with him．
D． To stay in the hole．
( )2.Why couldn't Aladdin get out of the hole？　 　
A． Because the hole was too deep．
B． Because he hurt his leg．
C． Because he hit his head．
D． Because the stone was too heavy．
( )3.What does the underlined word "immediately" mean in English？　 　
A． right away B． all right C． by the way D． at last
( )4.What did Aladdin's mother first ask for from the slave of the lamp？　 　
A． Gold． B． House． C． Food． D． Health．
( )5.Which of the following is the right order of what happened in the story？　 　
a． The man pushed the stone over the hole．
b． The genie brought food for Aladdin's mother．
c． Aladdin gave the lamp to his mother．
d． The genie helped Aladdin to go back home．
e． Aladdin put the lamp under his clothes．
A． e﹣a﹣d﹣c﹣b B． e﹣c﹣b﹣a﹣d
C． c﹣a﹣d﹣e﹣b D． c﹣b﹣a﹣d﹣e
（五）
What might life be like if you looked very different from others？ Most of us are lucky to be born with "normal" faces． But the movie Wonder（《奇跡男孩》） shows us that one can still bring out the best in himself， although he looks very different with others or even ugly．
Based on a bestselling novel． the movie is about a boy named Auggie． He has a facial deformity（畸形）． He has spent most of his life being home﹣schooled． But when he enters his fifth grade， his parents decide to send him to a private school rather than study at home． There， his classmates laugh at him because of his different or even ugly appearance． Luckily， his family stand by him all the time and give him a lot of support．
In the USA， most kids are taught that it is OK to be different． People don't look down upon being special． But some kids have difficulty accepting being special． It is easy to pick on someone who is different， especially if you have your own problems to deal with．
As Auggie's classmates get to know him better， they come to find that he's a nice and very clever kid with a great sense of humor． They start to change their views towards him． Finally， Auggie won the respect， love and friendship in the school with his courage， cleverness and kindness． In real life， it may take longer to see such changes happen． But if we give people a chance， their hearts and minds may change in the end．
( )1.Which is NOT true about Auggie according to the second paragraph？　 　
A． He looks different from his classmates．
B． He has studied at home for many years．
C． His family sends him to a private school．
D． He learns to laugh at others at the new school．
( )2.Which of following can describe Auggie's school life at the very beginning？　 　
A． Happy． B． Hard． C． Exciting． D． Common．
( )3.Why does Auggie's classmates laugh at him？　 　
A． Because Auggie looks ugly on his appearance．
B． Because he is not as smart as his classmates．
C． Because he has never been in school．
D． Because his family is very poor．
( )4.What can we learn from the last paragraph？　 　
A． If the boy Auggie lives in real life， he will not be accepted by people．
B． Auggie's classmates still don't want to make friends with him in the end．
C． Auggie is very clever and has a sense of humor but dislikes talking to others．
D． It is very important for us to have the courage， cleverness， and kindness in life．

（六）
Did you take part in a camp this summer? There are so many summer camps and not all of them are the same. To choose which camp is best for you, first you must do a bit of research.
Maybe you've never thought about it before, but every great summer camp has the same main goals—opportunity, challenge and growth.
Opportunity means you are given a chance to do something special. It also makes you special because other kids don't have the same opportunity. For example, if you are interested in writing, then you can choose to join a journalism(新聞)camp. You may have the opportunity of meeting famous journalists there.
Challenge means you are given a task. You must finish the task and succeed in dealing with the challenge. Then you will have a sense of achievement. For example, you could take a lifeguard course at some summer camps. If you pass the exam, then you will receive a certificate(證書)to become a real lifeguard.
This also leads to the third and most important goal of every great summer camp—personal growth. It doesn't mean growing taller and stronger or more beautiful. It means seeing yourself improve, learning something new and doing something you didn't know or believe you could do before. It also means becoming more confident in yourself.
So in the future when choosing your next summer camp, remember to ask yourself: Is it a special opportunity? Is it a challenge？Will I grow?
But what about friendship, fun and joy? These will all happen naturally when you have the right goals at summer camps!
( )1. Which is the writer's opinion?
A. Different camps have different goals.
B. There are too many summer camps today.
C. All great summer camps have the same main goals.
D. All the summer camps offer the same activities and courses.
( )2. According to the passage, a camper feels successful when he________．
A. joins the best camp
B. finishes a hard task
C. grows taller and stronger
D. takes a special chance
( )3. The most important thing for a camper is to ________．
A. take opportunities
B. grow more beautiful
C. become better and more confident
D. learn new lifesaving skills
( )4. What does the last paragraph tell us?
A. It's not important to have fun at a camp.
B. It's hard to make real friends at a camp.
C. You can get more joy with more goals at a camp.
D. With the right goals, you can have fun while learning at a camp.
( )5. Which is the best title for the passage?
A. What makes a camp great?
B. Which is the best goal?
C. How to be a successful camper?
D. How to do research work?
（七）
In our daily life, robots are often found to do work that is too dangerous, boring, difficult, or dirty. And we often see kids play with toy robots.
But what exactly is a robot? There are some important characteristics(特征) that a robot must have. These characteristics might help you to decide what is and what is not a robot. It will also help you to decide what you will need to build into a machine before it can be considered as a robot. A robot has these important characteristics：
Sensing First of all, your robot would have to be able to sense the environment around it. Give your robot sensors(傳感器): light sensors(eyes), touch sensors(hands), chemical sensors(nose), hearing sensors(ears)and taste sensors(tongue)．
Movement A robot needs to be able to move around its environment. It can move on wheels, walk on legs or be driven by small engines(發(fā)動機(jī)). A robot can move either the whole body or just parts of it.
Energy A robot needs to be able to power itself. Some robots might power themselves with sunlight, some might with electricity, while others with the batteries(電池). The way your robot gets its energy will depend on what your robot needs to do.
Intelligence A robot needs some kind of “smarts”. A programmer is the person who gives the robot its “smarts”. The robot will have to have a certain way to receive the program so that it knows what it is to do.
( )1. The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 is about ________.
A. the toy B. the characteristic C. the machine D. the engine
( )2. The chemical sensors may help a robot to ________．
A. see B. catch C. hear D. smell
( )3. In how many ways can a robot power itself according to the passage?
A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Five.
( )4. The Chinese meaning of “Intelligence” in the last paragraph is ________．
A. 能源 B. 勤奮 C. 智能 D. 外觀
( )5. What is the main purpose of the passage?
A. To help people understand what a robot is.
B. To tell what a robot can do in our life.
C. To describe the movement of a robot.
D. To introduce the history of robots.
（八）
Is a nearby neighbour better than a faraway cousin? An American lady, Anna Lane, believes it's true. Her kind neighbours once helped her out when she was in a big trouble.
Mrs Lane was living alone in a city in Texas, US. The woman in her 70s could do a lot of housework herself. However, she was too old to mow(修剪) her lawn(草坪). Then a big trouble found her. She let the grass grow over 18 inches high and it broke the law in her city. As a result, she was in danger of paying lots of money or even going to prison! Luckily, her neighbour, the Adams brothers, heard the news about her on TV. They decided to do something to help. “We haven't met her yet, but she's 75 years old and she needs some help.” said Sam Adams, one of the boys. “That's the least we could do.”
The Adams brothers took their mowers(修剪機(jī)) and came to Mrs Lane's house to mow her lawn without telling her. Once they got started, other neighbours saw what was going on and joined in the effort.
Together they worked hard in the sun and finished mowing the whole lawn in about two hours. When Mrs Lane saw what her neighbours did for her, she was surprised and moved to tears(感動得落淚). “I cannot believe this，” she said. “They were so kind to spend two hours helping me and I didn't even know their names.” As for the Adams brothers, they said they would always be ready to help her.
( )1. What can we know about Mrs Lane?
A. She was 70 years old.
B. She could not do her housework.
C. She was living with her children.
D. She could not cut the grass on the lawn.
( )2. Mrs Lane was in danger of going to prison because ．
A. she broke the education law in her city
B. the grass on her lawn was over 18 inches high
C. the news about her on TV was made up by her
D. she didn't pay enough money to her neighbours
( )3. Who mowed the lawn?
A. The Adams brothers.
B. Sam Adams and Mrs Lane.
C. The Adams brothers and Mrs lane.
D. The Adams brothers and other neighbours.
( )4. Which of the following is true?
A. The Adams brothers knew Mrs lane very well.
B. Mrs Lane knew some of her neighbours' names.
C. Mrs Lane didn't expect her neighbours would help her.
D. The Adams brothers used Mrs Lane's mowers to cut the grass.
( )5. The best title(題目)for the passage would be ________．
A. Good neighbours B. A serious city law
C. A beautiful garden D. Humorous brothers

答案解析
（一）
本文是一篇說明文。本文介紹了歷史上著名的四位女人和她們的行為及貢獻(xiàn)。
1. A 推理判斷題。題干意為：根據(jù)文章，哪個詞可以最好地描述阿梅莉亞·埃爾哈特？從第一欄短文判斷，阿梅莉亞·埃爾哈特是第一個飛越大西洋的飛行員，她是很勇敢的。故選A。
2. B 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干意為：赫蓮娜·魯賓斯坦搬去澳大利亞的時候，她的問題是什么？從第二欄第一句“...1902 without ability to speak English.”可知她的問題是不會講英語。故選B。
3. D 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干意為：凱瑟琳·赫本獲得了多少次奧斯卡最佳女演員獎？從第三欄第二句“She won four Academy Awards(奧斯卡金像獎) for Best Actress”可知她一共獲得了四次。故選D。
4. B 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干意為：埃米琳·潘克赫斯特一生都在為什么而戰(zhàn)？ 從最后一欄第二句“She helped British women get the right to vote.”和第三句“She fought for the rights of women all the time...”可知她一直在為英國女性權(quán)利而戰(zhàn)。故選B。
5. C 推理判斷題。題干意為：上述四位女性的共同點(diǎn)是什么？ 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容判斷，以上四個女人共同點(diǎn)是：一種先鋒精神。故選C。

（二）
本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了于文，一位非常出色的蛋雕師，從事蛋雕技藝25年，使用了超過一萬個蛋。
1. C 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干意為：在雕刻一個蛋的過程中，最需要的是什么？由文章第一句“Egg carving(蛋雕) is often called the most fragile(易碎的) art, as it requires great care before, during and even after the carving.”可知蛋雕通常被稱為最脆弱的藝術(shù)，因?yàn)樗诘窨讨?、期間甚至之后都需要非常小心。故選C。[來源:Zxxk.Com]
2. B 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干意為： 于文認(rèn)為蛋雕是 。文章第二段第三句“But in Yu's opinion, the difficult process makes egg carving twice as exciting.”可知在于文看來，正是蛋雕艱難的過程使得蛋雕本身更令人激動。故選B。
3. A 代詞指代題。題干意為：文章第二段劃線單詞it指的是 。聯(lián)系前文“If you carve off too much, the work is broken and there is no way to deal with it.”可知如果你切的太多，作品就會被破壞，沒有辦法去處理它。這個it指的是broken work。故選A。
4. D 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干意為：根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，于文把什么東西雕刻在蛋上？由文章倒數(shù)第二段第四句“Yu carves with not only popular characters or traditional patterns(圖案), but also Peking Opera masks and wall paintings.”可知于文的蛋雕不僅有通俗的或傳統(tǒng)的圖案，還有京劇的面具和壁畫。沒有嬰兒的圖片，故①是沒有的。故選D。
5. A 推理判斷題。題干意為：從文章我們可以得知什么？由文章最后一段第一句“Now Yu teaches egg carving at a local university.”于文現(xiàn)在當(dāng)?shù)匾凰髮W(xué)教授蛋雕技藝，故B項(xiàng)錯誤；文章第一段“Yu Wen...has been practising egg carving for about 25 years.”可知于文已經(jīng)從事蛋雕25年了，而不是25歲才開始，故C項(xiàng)錯誤；文章第二段“Yu has used ... after a long day of holding the carving knife.”可知由于長時間的握刀工作，于文的手上有厚厚的繭子，并且在一天的工作后，手無法握住筷子。她的手并沒有受傷。故D項(xiàng)錯誤。故選A。
（三）
本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述了莫提叔叔來到米娜的家生活，因不習(xí)慣社區(qū)生活而害怕外出，米娜帶他熟悉周圍環(huán)境和認(rèn)識周圍的人，從而適應(yīng)社區(qū)生活的故事。
1. C 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干意為：起初，莫提叔叔不想和米娜一起外出是因?yàn)? 。根據(jù)第二段第三句“...while I am used to the peace and quiet of our village”可知莫提叔叔習(xí)慣于鄉(xiāng)村生活的平和和安靜，不習(xí)慣社區(qū)生活。故選C。
2. B 推理判斷題。題干意為：根據(jù)文中劃線句子，我們可以推斷出米娜是一個 的女孩。從劃線句中的“took his hand”可以看出，米娜很關(guān)心莫提叔叔，所以米娜是一個關(guān)心他人的女孩。故選B。
3. D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干意為：文中句子“ ”能顯示出米娜的社區(qū)和叔叔的村莊是相似的。根據(jù)第三段莫提叔叔所講的和最后一段最后兩句“Now it will be mine too. It has friends, kind shopkeepers, birds, and even a tea shop...”可知相似之處是都有朋友、善良的售貨員，鳥兒和茶館。故選D。
4. C 推理判斷題。題干意為：這個故事暗示莫提叔叔后來可能會 。從故事結(jié)尾可推測，莫提叔叔發(fā)現(xiàn)了社區(qū)與村莊的相似之處，所以他能習(xí)慣這兒的生活，不再害怕，樂意出門。故選C。
（四）
本文是一篇文學(xué)作品類閱讀，主要介紹了阿拉丁神燈的故事．
1.B．細(xì)節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)原文He asked Aladdin to give the lamp to him．他叫阿拉丁把燈給他，故得此答案．
2.D．細(xì)節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)原文Aladdin tried to push the stone out of the way， but he could not阿拉丁試著把石頭往外推，但是他不能．可知石頭很沉重，他根本就推不動，故得此答案．
3.A．詞義猜測題．根據(jù)原文前文He turned it on his finger．他把它放在手指上．后文a genie stood in front of him，一個精靈站在他的前面．可知是在段時間內(nèi)出現(xiàn)的精靈，可以理解為馬上，立即．故得此答案．
4.C．細(xì)節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)原文 the genie said． "What may I do for you？" "Bring me food，" the mother said．精靈說，我能為你做什么呢？媽媽說，給我食物．可知阿拉丁的媽媽向神燈精靈要的是食物．故得此答案．
5.A．細(xì)節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)原文，Aladdin put the lamp under his clothes．他把燈放到他的衣服下面．He pushed the stone over the hole and returned to Africa．他把石頭推到洞口就回到了非洲．The genie helped Aladdin to go back home．精靈幫助阿拉丁回家．Aladdin gave the lamp to his mother．阿拉丁把燈給他的媽媽．The genie brought food for Aladdin's mother．精靈把食物給了阿拉丁的媽媽．可知這個順序是正確的，故得此答案．
（五）
本文是通過電影《奇跡男孩》告訴我們勇氣，聰明和善良是重要的．
1．D．細(xì)節(jié)理解題．結(jié)合 There， his classmates laugh at him because of his different or even ugly appearance． 他的同學(xué)因?yàn)樗耐獗沓靶λ?，故選D．
2．B．推理判斷題．結(jié)合 There， his classmates laugh at him because of his different or even ugly appearance． 他的同學(xué)因?yàn)樗耐獗沓靶λ芍婚_始的生活是艱難的，故選B．
3．A．細(xì)節(jié)理解題．結(jié)合 There， his classmates laugh at him because of his different or even ugly appearance． 他的同學(xué)因?yàn)樗某舐耐獗沓靶λ?，故選A．
4． D．推理判斷題．結(jié)合Auggie won the respect， love and friendship in the school with his courage， cleverness and kindness可知Auggie最終因?yàn)樗挠職猓斆骱蜕屏稼A得了尊重，愛和友情，故可知人們有勇氣，聰明和善良是重要的，故選D．

（六）
本文是一篇說明文。介紹了如何選擇最適合自己的夏令營，作者從機(jī)遇、挑戰(zhàn)和成長等三個方面進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的闡述。
1. C 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干意為：作者的觀點(diǎn)是什么？根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容“...but every great summer camp has the same main goals—opportunity, challenge and growth.”可知，所有好的夏令營都有相同的主要目標(biāo)。故選C。
2. B 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干意為：根據(jù)這篇文章，一個露營者 他感到有成就感。根據(jù)第四段第二、三句“You must finish ...a sense of achievement.”可知，完成一項(xiàng)具有挑戰(zhàn)性的任務(wù)時，你將獲得一種成就感。故選B。
3. C 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干意為：對于露營者來說，最重要的事情是 。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段第一句“This also leads to the third and most important goal of every great summer camp —personal growth.”可知，自我成長是最重要的事。故選C。
4. D 段落大意題。題干意為：最后一段告訴我們什么？根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“These will all happen naturally when you have the right goals at summer camps！”可知，有了正確的目標(biāo)，你可以在夏令營中收獲友誼、樂趣等其他東西。故選D。
5. C 標(biāo)題歸納題。題干意為：這篇文章最好的題目是什么？通讀文章內(nèi)容可知，介紹了如何選擇最適合自己的夏令營，作者從機(jī)遇、挑戰(zhàn)和成長三個方面進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的闡述。故選C。
（七）
本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了機(jī)器人在我們的日常生活中能幫助我們做很多事情以及它的特征。
1. C 代詞指代題。題干意為：第二段中劃線單詞“it”是關(guān)于 。根據(jù)文章第二段倒數(shù)第二句話“It will also help you to decide what you will need to build into a machine before it can be considered as a robot.”可知it指代machine。故選C。
2. D 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干意為：化學(xué)傳感器可以幫助一個機(jī)器人去 。根據(jù)第三段最后一句話“...chemical sensors(nose)．..”可知是聞。故選D。
3. B 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干意為：根據(jù)這篇文章一個機(jī)器人有多少種方式為自己提供動力？根據(jù)第五段第二句“Some robots might power themselves with sunlight, some might with electricity, while others with the batteries(電池)．”可知是三種。故選B。
4. C 詞義猜測題。題干意為：最后一段中單詞“Intelligence”的漢語意思是 。根據(jù)文章第六段第一句中的關(guān)鍵詞“smarts”可知，該詞的意思是“智能”。故選C。
5. A 寫作意圖題。題干意為：這篇文章的主要目的是什么？ 根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，這篇文章的目的就是幫助人們了解有關(guān)機(jī)器人的事情。故選A。
（八）
本文是一篇記敘文。敘述了萊恩夫人因年老無力修剪自家草坪，以至草瘋長至18英寸觸犯當(dāng)?shù)胤?，幸運(yùn)地是在亞當(dāng)斯兄弟及她的鄰居們幫助下草坪得以修好，讓她感受到遠(yuǎn)親不如近鄰。
1. D 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干意為：關(guān)于萊恩太太我們知道些什么？根據(jù)第二段第三句“However, she was too old to mow(修剪) her lawn(草坪)．”可知D項(xiàng)正確。故選D。
2. B 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干意為：萊恩太太有身陷囹圄的危險是因?yàn)? 。根據(jù)第二段第五、六句“She let the grass grow over 18 inches high and it broke the law in her city. As a result, she was in danger of paying lots of money or even going to prison! ”可知答案。故選B。
3. D 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干意為：誰割的草坪？根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容可知是亞當(dāng)斯兄弟和其他鄰居們。故選D。
4. C推理判斷題。題干意為：下列哪一項(xiàng)是正確的？根據(jù)最后一段第三句“‘I cannot believe this，’ she said.”可以推斷是萊恩夫人沒有想到鄰居會幫助她，故選C 。
5. A 標(biāo)題歸納題。題干意為：文章的最佳題目是 。根據(jù)第一段第一句“Is a nearby neighbour better than a faraway cousin? ”和文章內(nèi)容的描述，可知文章主要說明“遠(yuǎn)親不如近鄰”這一道理。故選A。















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