Unit 3 the Internet Period 3 Discovering Useful Structure導學案課前導讀Learning objectives1. Let students master the form and meaning of the passive voice in the present perfect.2. Guide students to use the active voice and passive voice of the present perfect to construct meaningful texts.3. To review the basic usages of the Present Perfect Passive Voice 4. To learn to use some special cases concerning the Present Perfect Passive Voice Activity designThree activities are designed for this lesson. Activity 1 Let the students observe and compare the verb forms in the active voice and passive voice of the two sentences, perceive the form differences of other subjects, deepen their understanding of the passive voice structure, and use tables to summarize and sort out. Activity 2 Change the active voice into the passive voice in the present perfect tense through sentence pattern transformation, so that students can further understand the difference in the form of the two different voices. Activity 3 is the task of using language structure. Students are required to use the present passive voice to copy a poem. It is used to strengthen students' understanding and mastery of the basic form, meaning and function of the present perfect passive voice.Key and difficult points1. To appreciate the function of the Present Perfect Passive Voice in a sentence2. To write essays using the proper the Present Perfect Passive Voice.Teaching processStep I Observe and UnderstandActivity 1.Observe the characteristics of the following sentences and sum up their common characteristics.1．Much has been written about the wonders of the World Wide Web．2．But the Internet has done much more for people than simply make life more convenient．3．Many people have been helped by the club．4．She no longer feels lonely, and her company has become quite successful．5．Today I thought I’d blog about a question that has been asked many times—how do you stay safe online and avoid bad experiences on the Internet?Summary: Through observation, we can easily find their common features.：have/has been+done.通過以上例句我們可以得出結論：1．現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)強調一個發(fā)生在過去的動作，動作已發(fā)生并強調對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結果，主語和謂語之間為被動關系。例如：The door has already______________________(lock).門早已經被鎖上了。I have _________________(employ) at the job since 2015.自從2015年，我就做這份工作。2．基本構成現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)的結構為S+have/has been+done.Step II. Practice and ComparisonActivity 2.Change the sentences into passive voice1.The Internet has greatly improved Jan’s life.People have written much about the wonders of the World Wide Web.They have built a kind of new PC with more functions.I have downloaded the software to help my phone last longer.1._____________________________________________________________________________2._____________________________________________________________________________3.______________________________________________________________________________4.______________________________________________________________________________From sentences above , we can know that the structure :      Discussion :Think and guess other structures:肯定結構have/has＋been done否定結構_______________________一般疑問結構have/has＋主語＋been done特殊疑問結構________________________________     Step III  The usage of Present Perfect Passive Voice1．表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在產生的影響和結果，且這個動作與句子的主語有邏輯上的動賓關系。I have been told the sports meet will be put off.我已被告知運動會將要被推遲。(結果：現(xiàn)在我已經知道運動會要被推遲)All the preparations for the task have been done，and we're ready to start.這項任務的一切準備都已就緒，我們準備好要開始了。(影響：我們現(xiàn)已具備開始的條件)2．表示一個被動的動作或狀態(tài)從過去開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并且有可能繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去。常與for＋時間段或since＋時間點等時間狀語連用，此時，該被動語態(tài)的動詞應使用延續(xù)性動詞。The machine has been repaired for two hours.這臺機器已被修了兩小時了。(持續(xù)：兩小時前開始修，現(xiàn)在可能已經修好，也可能沒有修好，還要繼續(xù)修)She hasn't been heard from since then.從那時候起，她就沒來過信。(持續(xù)：從那以后，一直沒收到她的信，以后也可能收不到)3．在狀語從句中，常用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)代替將來時的被動語態(tài)。I will go home when my homework has been finished.當我完成家庭作業(yè)時我就回家。(將來某時處于被完成的狀態(tài))Pay attention to special situations 1．現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)中has/have been不可漏掉。The plan has been studied by the experts for three times.這個計劃已經由專家研究三次了。The dirty clothes have been washed.臟衣服已經被洗好了。2．現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)強調過去發(fā)生的事與現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系；而一般過去時的被動語態(tài)所表示的動作只與過去有關，與現(xiàn)在沒有關系。The library has been built.這座圖書館已經建好了。(圖書館可以用了)The library was built last year.這座圖書館是去年建成的。(圖書館現(xiàn)在是否能用是未知的)3．含有非延續(xù)性動詞，如begin，start，buy，borrow，finish等的現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)的肯定式不能與表示一段時間的狀語連用。這些動詞的現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)的否定式則可以與for或since構成的時間狀語連用。The work has been finished for two days.(×)This book has not been borrowed since last week.(√)4．動詞短語用于現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)時，動詞后面的副詞或介詞不可漏掉或省略。The injured bird has been looked after since it was saved.(after不可漏掉)受傷的小鳥被救后一直被照看著。5.并不是所有的動詞都有被動語態(tài)。如happen, occur, take place, break out, belong to, cost, last等不及物動詞或詞組, 就沒有被動語態(tài)。試比較: Some of the best conversations have ever been happened around the dinner table. (X)Some of the best conversations have ever happened around the dinner table. (√)Step Ⅳ. PracticeActivity 3. Read the poem and learn to writeThen think of your own situation and write a similar poem.Look at the way your face has been washed Look at the way your teeth have been brushed Look at the way your shoes have been cleaned You'd better do them again.Look at the way the flowers have been planted Look at the way the grass has been cutLook at the way the paths have been swept I hope that you'll come here again.Step Ⅴ. Consolidation exercise1．They _______________________ (sell) ten apartments in the past one hour. 2．He  ______________________ (buy) a present when she visited Xinjiang.3．He ______________________    already  ______________________ (ask) to help you.4．The company _________________ (make) its workers work5．A notice _________________ already  _________________  (put up) on the wall.6．Since we realized that we should study hard, our time _________________ (make) full use of.7．These streets_________________  (not sweep) for two days.8．How long__________________the book __________________ (keep)?9．How long ago _________________the picture  _________________     (take)? 10．These goods _________________   (not ship) abroad yet.1.have sold 2.was bought 3.has/been asked 4.has made 5.has been put up 6.haven’t been made 7.haven’t beem swept 8.has been kept 9.was taken 10.haven’t been shipped.

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Unit 3 The internet

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