Many students dn’t knw what they shuld d①,but what Xia Meng wants t d② is earn mney.The reasn is that she wants t lessen her parents’ burden③.It is said that many small cmpanies need graduates t d part-time jbs②.Xia Meng has applied fr tw jbs but she is nt sure abut whether she will be emplyed①.She als wnders when she will be admitted t a cllege① and which city she will g①.She is anxius fr the news that she is admitted t a gd university④. 注釋:①位于及物動詞或介詞之后的從句是名詞性從句中的賓語從句。②謂語動詞之前的從句為名詞性從句中的主語從句。此外,該種從句可以用it作形式主語。③位于be動詞之后的從句是名詞性從句中的表語從句。④位于抽象名詞之后,解釋該名詞內(nèi)容的句子為同位語從句。 1.名詞性從句的引導詞如下表所示: 2.名詞性從句的語序必須是陳述語序。 D yu knw where will the party be held?(×) D yu knw where the party will be held?(√) 3.what & that that是從屬連詞,在名詞性從句中不充當任何成分,也沒有任何意義。而what是連接代詞,在名詞性從句中充當成分,通常充當主語、賓語或表語。 I believe that I will succeed if I study hard. 我相信如果我努力學習我會成功的。 I believe what he said because he is an hnest man.我相信他說的話,因為他是個誠實的人。 4.whether & if (1)主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句中表示“是否”,必須用whether。只有在it作形式主語的主語從句中,可用if。 (2)賓語從句中一般情況下whether與if 可以通用,但在以下情況下不能用if ,只能用whether: a.介詞后 b.其后跟不定式 c.其后緊跟r nt d.引導讓步狀語從句 結論:在學生的寫作中,只要表“是否”,一律用whether。 5.wh & whever 名詞性從句中的wh翻譯為“誰”,帶有疑問意味。而whever則翻譯為“不論是誰”,沒有疑問的語氣。 D yu knw wh brke the windw? 你知道是誰打破了窗戶嗎? Whever brke the windw will be punished. 無論是誰打破了窗戶都得挨罰。 6.that不可省略的情況 (1)that引導主語從句且從句置于句首時;that引導表語從句時;that引導同位語從句時;當it作形式賓語,that引導的從句作真正的賓語時。 (2)當主句謂語后接兩個或兩個以上的賓語從句時,第一個that可省略,其他的that不可省。 結論:學生習作中,that一律不省略。 注意:在同一個謂語動詞之后有多個賓語從句并列時,注意句子的理解,要知道后面的that從何而來。如: She said (that) she had brken up with her byfriend,that she was heartbrken,and that she wuld never fall in lve again. 她說她和男朋友分手了,她很傷心,而且她不會再愛了。 7.同位語從句位于表示概念或思維的抽象名詞之后,對該抽象名詞起解釋說明的作用。常見的抽象名詞有news,idea,fact,prmise,cnclusin,thery,questin,dubt,thught,hpe,message,suggestin,wrd(消息),pssibility,decisin等。 At first many peple were astnished at the cnclusin that the earth was nt the centre f the universe.起初很多人對地球不是宇宙中心這一結論感到驚訝。 8.why與because 引導表語從句的用法區(qū)別 why與because 引導表語從句時,前者強調(diào)結果,后者強調(diào)原因。 I had a cld.That was why I didn’t attend schl.我感冒了,因此我沒上學。 I didn’t attend schl. That was because I had a cld.我沒上學,那是因為我感冒了。 注意:(1)句子的主語為the reasn時,表語從句用that引導,表示原因,此時不用because。 The reasn why she was ill was that she had eaten bad meat. 她生病的原因是她吃了變質(zhì)的肉。 (2)由why引導的從句作主語時,表語從句用that引導。 Why we decided t put ff the match was that the weather was t terrible. 我們決定推遲比賽的原因是天氣太糟糕了。 9.a(chǎn)s if/thugh as if/thugh引導的表語從句通常置于系動詞lk,seem,sund,be等后面;表語從句既可以用虛擬語氣,也可用陳述語氣。 It sunded as if smebdy was kncking at/n the dr.聽起來好像有人在敲門。 She treats him as if he were a stranger. 她待他如陌生人。 點對點練習 單句語法填空 1.What she wants t knw is when the party will be held. 2.That he will give up his jb surprises all f us. 3.Whever did it shuld be respnsible fr it. 4.Where/Whether the meeting will be held this afternn is nt knwn yet. 5.The reasn why he was late was that he was caught in a traffic jam. 6.I dubt whether/if he has the ability t d it well. 7.After what seemed a lng time,he came t himself. 8.He said he was wrng and that he wanted t make an aplgy t us. 9.He expressed his hpe that he wuld visit China again. 10.He failed.That was because he didn’t wrk hard. 單句語法填空 1.What is s breathtaking abut the experience is the ut-f-this-wrld scenes. (2021·新高考全國Ⅰ) 2.By bat is the nly way t get here,which is hw we arrived.(2018·江蘇) 3.Every year,whever makes the mst beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival. (2017·北京) 4.She asked me whether/if I had returned the bks t the library,and I admitted that I hadn’t.(2017·天津6月) 5.Yu have t knw where yu’re ging if yu are t plan the best way f getting there. (2015·湖南) 名詞性從句解題三步走 第一步:根據(jù)兩句之間的意義和邏輯關系,或者根據(jù)句式結構判斷是否是名詞性從句。 第二步:一旦判斷是名詞性從句,就根據(jù)名詞性從句中缺少什么句子成分來確定選用什么連接詞。若從句中缺少主語、賓語或表語,用連接代詞。指物用what,whatever;指人用wh,whever。 第三步:如果不缺少主語或賓語,要看從句是否有疑問。如果沒有疑問用that,有疑問則根據(jù)句意使用when,where,why,hw,whether等。 層級一 基礎達標練 單句語法填空 1.He was nt lking fr thers’ smiles,r wrrying abut whether smene was watching r nt. 2.Helen McCarthy,an authr and expert n Japanese Cartns,explained why the character is s ppular.“Because Hell Kitty is all abut happiness,friendship and fun.” 3.My first task was t decide where t g and hw t get there. 4.Students can chse what/whatever they want t d and register nline. 5.Mr White is ppsed t repairing the ld building,and that’s where I dn’t agree. 6.The prblem is that ne less hur f sleep is nt equal t an extra hur f achievement. 7.Twenty-five years later the traveler returned t the same place.What he saw amazed him.He culd nt believe his wn eyes. 8.Therefre,it is advisable that yu shuld value and treat them with care. 9.They wuld appreciate it,t be frank,if the gds culd be delivered as sn as pssible. 10.I asked him what his father had dne s that he became such a gd persn. 11.He has made it clear that the meeting will nt be pstpned. 12.When I entered the restaurant,the waitress said I culd sit wherever I like. 13.I didn’t understand why this wuld happen and my credit card had already been charged fr the reservatin. 層級二 高考真題練 單句語法填空 1.What puzzles Lily’s friends is why she always has s many crazy ideas.(2021·天津3月) 2.We chse this htel because the price fr a night here is dwn t $20,half f what it used t charge.(2017·江蘇) 3.Over thusands f years,they began t depend less n what culd be hunted r gathered frm the wild,and mre n animals they had raised and crps they had swn.(2020·浙江7月) 4.It is nt a prblem whether/if we can win the battle;it’s just a matter f time.(2020·江蘇) 5.The student cmpleted this experiment t make cme true what Prfessr Jseph had said.(2020·天津7月) 6.While they are rare nrth f 88°,there is evidence that they range all the way acrss the Arctic,and as far suth as James Bay in Canada.(2019·全國Ⅰ) 7.I’m nt sure wh/which is mre frightened,me r the female grilla(大猩猩) that suddenly appears ut f nwhere.(2018·全國Ⅲ) 8.Scientists have btained mre evidence that plastic is finding its way int the human bdy.(2019·江蘇) 9.This is what my father has taught me—t always face difficulties and hpe fr the best. (2018·北京) 10.The gld medal will be awarded t whever wins the first place in the bicycle race. (2018·天津6月) 層級三 語篇提能練 語法填空 名詞性從句篇 1. wrries my classmate Mary a lt these days is 2. she puts n t much weight and she is frequently ill.She has sme dubts 3. she eats t much fast fd high in fat r sugar.Als,with the Cllege Entrance Examinatin appraching,she becmes mre stressful and she can’t sleep well these days.Maybe this is 4. she becmes fatter these days,she thinks.5. she becmes slimmer and healthier has been her main task.S she wants t cnsult sme experts and gain sme instructins.But where she can get better suggestins and 6. will give her better advice als puzzle her.It is her parents’ suggestin 7. she shuld cnsult Prfessr Wang in Zhngshan Hspital.Prfessr Wang suggests 8. she keep a balanced diet first.She shuld eat vegetables and fruit high in fiber,vitamin and prtein.What’s mre,if she wants t lse weight,she had better take regular exercise mre than half an hur a day.Mary asked Prfessr Wang 9. she shuld take exercise.Prfessr Wang advised her t take exercise at 5 ’clck in the afternn.That is 10. she will have mre time t d sprts.It is with the help f Prfessr Wang that Mary has becme much healthier nw. 1.答案 What 解析 考查主語從句。分析句子可知,第一個空引導主語從句,從句中缺少主語,表示“什么,所……的”,故用what。位于句首,注意首字母大寫。故填What。 2.答案 that 解析 考查表語從句。分析句子可知,is后面為表語從句,從句成分完整,因此用that引導,that無實際意義,在句中不作任何成分。故填that。 3.答案 whether 解析 考查同位語從句。分析句子可知,dubt后接的是同位語從句,從句說的是dubt的內(nèi)容,從句中不缺少成分,缺少“是否”的意思,故填whether。 4.答案 why 解析 考查表語從句。分析句子可知,is后接的是表語從句,從句中不缺少成分,表示“……的原因”,故填why。 5.答案 Hw 解析 考查主語從句。分析句子可知,has been前為主語從句,從句中不缺少成分,表示“如何,怎樣”,故用hw。位于句首,注意首字母大寫。故填Hw。 6.答案 wh 解析 考查主語從句。分析句子可知,puzzle前為主語從句,從句中缺少主語,表示“誰”,故填wh。 7.答案 that 解析 考查主語從句。分析句子可知,It為形式主語,真正的主語為空后的從句,從句中不缺少成分,且意義完整,故填that。 8.答案 that 解析 考查賓語從句。分析句子可知,suggests后接的是賓語從句,從句中不缺少成分,且意義完整,故填that。 9.答案 when 解析 考查賓語從句。分析句子可知,ask接雙賓語,空后為賓語從句,從句中不缺少成分,根據(jù)下文可知表示“什么時間”,故填when。 10.答案 because 解析 考查表語從句。分析句子可知,is后接的是表語從句,從句中不缺少成分,表示“原因”,故填because。 1.what引導的名詞性從句最顯眼 典例 (2019·浙江6月)我寫信感謝你為我做的一切。 I’m writing t thank yu fr what yu have dne fr me. 運用 (2021·浙江6月)令我驚訝的是,我爸爸允許我按照我的意愿使用這筆錢。 What surprised me was that my dad allwed me t use the mney as I wished. 2.同位語從句放在開頭實力開篇 典例 (2020·浙江7月)聽到你請病假回家的消息,我很難過。 I am srry t hear the news that yu have gne back hme n sick leave. 運用 (2021·全國乙)沒有人能否認在線學習正變得越來越流行這一事實。 N ne can deny the fact that nline learning is becming mre and mre ppular. 3.表語從句之前的連詞要考慮周全 典例 (2016·全國Ⅲ)我很抱歉我不能和你一起按計劃去書店了。原因是我那時有一個重要的會要參加。 I’m srry that I can’t g t the bkstre with yu as planned.The reasn is that I have an imprtant meeting t attend then. 運用 (2021·北京)很抱歉,我不能按計劃和你出去。原因是我弟弟前幾天摔斷了腿,我必須照顧他。 I’m srry that I can’t g ut with yu as planned.The reasn is that my yunger brther brke his leg the ther day and I must lk after him. 4.That/This is because/why...靈活簡練 典例 (2019·天津6月)我五歲時開始學畫畫,我非常喜愛繪畫。這就是我想讓您安排關于西方美術的講座的原因。 I tk up drawing at the age f five and I’m fnd f painting.This is why I want yu t arrange a lecture n Western art. 運用 (2021·浙江6月)這個展覽非常精彩,展示了中國文化的魅力。這就是為什么我想推薦我的同學們也來參加這個藝術展。 The exhibitin is fantastic and shws the charm f Chinese culture.This is why I wuld like t recmmend my fellw students t attend this art shw as well. 5.注意名詞性從句與虛擬語氣的結合 典例 (2019·北京)我建議你從北京開始,我會帶你游覽這個城市。 I suggest that yu begin frm Beijing and I will shw yu arund this city. 運用 (2021·上海)我建議你選擇聽說課程,因為這門課程完全是用中文教授的,這會對你有很大的好處。 I recmmend that yu chse the Listening and Speaking curse,because the curse is entirely taught in Chinese,which will benefit yu a lt.引導詞 功能 從屬連詞 that 在從句中不作任何句子成分,也沒有詞匯意義 whether,if 在從句中不作任何句子成分,意為“是否” because,as if/thugh 在從句中不作任何句子成分,分別意為“因為”“好像” 連接代詞 wh(ever),whm(ever),what(ever),whse,which(ever) wh(ever)和what(ever)在從句中作主語、賓語或表語; whm(ever)在從句中作賓語; which(ever)在從句中作主語、賓語; whse在從句中作定語 連接副詞 when(ever),where,wherever,why,hw(ever) 在從句中作狀語 語篇解讀 本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述了作者的同學瑪麗的煩惱,她最近胖了很多而且經(jīng)常生病,向王教授咨詢,在王教授的幫助下,通過均衡飲食和運動變得越來越健康。