
1.什么是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞?
非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是動(dòng)詞的特殊形式,在句子中可以充當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)以外的成分。
2.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在句子中的作用
一個(gè)句子中已存在一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,又沒(méi)有連詞的情況下,再出現(xiàn)一個(gè)動(dòng)詞則用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。
eg.She gt ff the bus,but she left her handbag n the seat.(有并列連詞,所以用謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞)
She gt ff the bus,leaving her handbag n the seat.(沒(méi)有連詞,所以用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞)
3.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的種類(lèi):動(dòng)詞的-ing形式、動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞和動(dòng)詞的不定式。
考點(diǎn)一 動(dòng)詞的-ing形式
Reading① is ne f Xia Meng’s hbbies.Since she was a child,she has been dreaming f becming② a writer.Last mnth,she read a bk describing③ lve between a prince and a sleeping④ beauty—a girl whse gift was slving⑤ difficult prblems in her dreams.The girl ften fund herself slving⑥ prblems while sleeping⑦ sundly,making⑧ her partners shcked.The bk is very interesting⑤.Xia Meng really enjys reading② the nvel and imagines slving② difficult prblems in her wn dreams.
注釋?zhuān)?br>動(dòng)詞的-ing形式在句子中作什么成分
①作主語(yǔ)
②作賓語(yǔ)
③作后置定語(yǔ)
④作前置定語(yǔ)
⑤作表語(yǔ)
⑥作賓補(bǔ)
⑦⑧作狀語(yǔ)
一、動(dòng)詞-ing的形式
二、核心考點(diǎn)
1.動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語(yǔ)(ding/being dne作主語(yǔ)不表示正在進(jìn)行,只表示主/被動(dòng))
(1)動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),可以直接放在句首。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常常用單數(shù),但表示多于一個(gè)的概念時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則用復(fù)數(shù)。
Playing cellphne games is his favurite.
玩手機(jī)游戲是他的最?lèi)?ài)。
Dancing and skating are my hbbies,and I als like t read shrt stries.
跳舞和溜冰是我的愛(ài)好,同時(shí)我也喜歡讀短篇小說(shuō)。
Being laughed at in public made me embarrassed.
當(dāng)眾被人嘲笑讓我感到尷尬。
(2)有時(shí)用it作形式主語(yǔ),常用于It is/was a waste (f...)/n use/n gd/n pleasure ding sth.結(jié)構(gòu)中。
It is n use trying t persuade such a stubbrn persn.
想要說(shuō)服這樣一個(gè)固執(zhí)的人是沒(méi)有什么用處的。
It is n pleasure being blamed in the face f ther students.
當(dāng)著其他同學(xué)的面被責(zé)備是沒(méi)有樂(lè)趣可言的。
2.動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)(ding/being dne作賓語(yǔ)不表示正在進(jìn)行,只表示主/被動(dòng))
(1)動(dòng)詞-ing 形式可以作介詞的賓語(yǔ)。
I help Mum ut by ding the husewrk that I can d.我通過(guò)做力所能及的家務(wù)活幫助媽媽。
The by cried ludly fr nt being allwed t enter the amusement park.
這個(gè)男孩因不被允許進(jìn)入游樂(lè)場(chǎng)而大聲哭泣。
(2)動(dòng)詞-ing形式可以作某些及物動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)。只跟動(dòng)名詞(ding)作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有:
mind(介意),miss(錯(cuò)過(guò)),mentin(提到),enjy(喜歡),escape(逃避),practise(練習(xí)),pstpne(推遲),suggest(建議),stand/bear/tlerate(忍受),cnsider(考慮),keep(保持),avid(避免),admit(承認(rèn)),advise(建議),allw/permit(允許),appreciate(感激),risk(冒險(xiǎn)),resist(抵制),recmmend(建議),finish(完成),frbid(禁止),imagine(想象),dislike(不喜歡),delay(延遲),quit(放棄),deny(否認(rèn))
The thief kept running t avid/escape being caught by the plice.
小偷不停地跑以避免/逃避被警察抓住。
Little Tm is cnsidering quitting practising playing the vilin,because his neighbr can’t tlerate listening t the nise every day.The ther day,she prmised t give Tm ten dllars a week if he gave up ding it.Tm imagined having lts f mney and can’t resist taking her advice.小湯姆正考慮放棄練習(xí)拉小提琴,因?yàn)樗泥従与y以忍受每天聽(tīng)到這噪音。前幾天,她答應(yīng)如果他放棄練琴的話,她每周給湯姆10美元。湯姆想象著有很多錢(qián),忍不住接受了她的建議。
3.動(dòng)詞-ing形式作表語(yǔ)
(1)ding作表語(yǔ)表示籠統(tǒng)的、抽象的概念。(此時(shí)ding 名詞意義較強(qiáng),ding/being dne作表語(yǔ)不表示正在進(jìn)行,只表示主/被動(dòng))
My hbby is reading bks.
我的興趣愛(ài)好是讀書(shū)。
What made me happy was being admitted t Peking University.
讓我高興的是(我)被北京大學(xué)錄取了。
(2)如果是和情緒相關(guān)的動(dòng)詞-ing形式則形容詞意義較強(qiáng),表示“令人……的”,往往物作主語(yǔ)。如:amazing,bring,cnfusing,disappinting,exciting,frightening等等。
The news is surprising.這則消息令人吃驚。
點(diǎn)對(duì)點(diǎn)練習(xí)1
單句語(yǔ)法填空
1.He enjys listening(listen) t vilin music,playing(play) mah-jng,swimming(swim) and reading(read).
2.Mary’s being late(late) fr class made her teacher angry.
3.It is n use arguing(argue) with him abut such a matter.
4.動(dòng)詞-ing形式作定語(yǔ)(當(dāng)被修飾的名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系且動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行時(shí),用ding;當(dāng)被修飾的名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系且表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行時(shí),用being dne)
(1)單個(gè)的動(dòng)詞-ing 形式作定語(yǔ),放在被修飾詞之前。
falling leaves正在落下的樹(shù)葉 a sleeping child睡著的孩子
注意:動(dòng)名詞也可置于名詞前作定語(yǔ),表示被修飾的名詞的用途和性能。
a swimming pl游泳池 a reading rm閱覽室
(2)動(dòng)詞-ing形式短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ),要放在被修飾詞之后。
the girl wearing a red dress穿紅裙子的女孩
the bridge being built nw現(xiàn)在在建的大橋
5.動(dòng)詞-ing形式作狀語(yǔ)
(1)ding與句中主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系,與句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作同時(shí)或幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生。
Walking in the street,I came acrss an ld friend.走在大街上,我碰到一個(gè)老朋友。
(2)having dne與句中主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系,且先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作發(fā)生。
Having waited in line fr tw hurs,the ld man became impatient.
已經(jīng)排了兩小時(shí)的隊(duì),這位老人變得不耐煩了。
(3)having been dne與句子主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,且先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作發(fā)生。
Having been tld many times,the by still made the same mistake again and again.
已經(jīng)被告知很多次,這個(gè)男孩還是一次又一次犯相同的錯(cuò)。
6.動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓補(bǔ)
現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí),賓語(yǔ)與賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)之間在邏輯上是主謂關(guān)系,結(jié)構(gòu)為vt.+sb./sth.+ding...??梢杂糜诖私Y(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))有:“一感一抓一發(fā)現(xiàn),二聽(tīng)四讓和五看”(feel,catch,find,listen t/hear,have/keep/get/leave,see/watch/lk at/bserve/ntice)。
When I left schl,I saw them playing basketball n the playgrund.
當(dāng)我離開(kāi)學(xué)校時(shí),我看到他們?cè)诓賵?chǎng)上打籃球。
I am srry fr keeping yu waiting fr me fr such a lng time.
很抱歉讓你等我這么長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。
The headmaster was angry t catch sme students smking again.
又一次抓住一些學(xué)生吸煙,校長(zhǎng)很生氣。
點(diǎn)對(duì)點(diǎn)練習(xí)2
單句語(yǔ)法填空
1.I lked up and nticed a snake winding(wind) its way up the tree t catch its breakfast.
2.The matter being discussed(discuss) nw is s imprtant that it will attract everyne’s attentin.
3.Facial recgnitin technlgy is wrking well at turist attractins arund China,reducing(reduce) the time peple spend standing in lines at entries r security checks.
考點(diǎn)二 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞
Praised① by my teacher,I felt pleased②.The reasn why I was praised was that I picked up a lst③ cellphne and returned it t the wner.The incident made my parents amazed④.
注釋?zhuān)?br>動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞形式在句子中作什么成分
①作狀語(yǔ);②作表語(yǔ);③作定語(yǔ);④作賓補(bǔ)
1.過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)
單個(gè)的過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ),往往放在被修飾詞之前;過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ),常放在被修飾詞之后。及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)往往表示被動(dòng)和完成;不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)不表示被動(dòng),只表示完成。
the plluted water被污染的水
a brken glass 一只打碎的玻璃杯
the bridge cmpleted last mnth上個(gè)月竣工的大橋
the flwers planted last year 去年種的花
2.過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)
其邏輯主語(yǔ)通常就是句子的主語(yǔ),且主語(yǔ)是過(guò)去分詞動(dòng)作的承受者,過(guò)去分詞與主語(yǔ)之間存在邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。
Praised by the teacher,he lked very excited.
受到了老師的表?yè)P(yáng),他看起來(lái)很激動(dòng)。
Seen frm the tp f the muntain,ur city lks beautiful.從山頂上望去,我們的城市很美。
3.過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)
過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí),賓語(yǔ)與賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)之間存在邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,構(gòu)成vt.+sb./sth.+dne結(jié)構(gòu)??梢杂糜诖私Y(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞有:
(1)感官動(dòng)詞 see,watch,hear,feel,find,ntice等。
(2)使役動(dòng)詞 have,make,keep,leave,get等。
(3)表示“想、希望、好惡”的單詞,如want,wish,like等。
I hear the sng sung every time I pass by the cffee shp.
每當(dāng)我經(jīng)過(guò)這家咖啡屋,我都能聽(tīng)到有人唱這首歌。
She had t raise her vice t make herself heard.她不得不提高嗓門(mén)使自己被聽(tīng)到。
The ld man wanted his ld watch repaired.
這位老人想要找人修他的舊手表。
4.過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)
如果是和情緒相關(guān)的動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞形式,則形容詞意義較強(qiáng),表示“感到……的”,主語(yǔ)往往是指人的名詞。如:amazed,bred,cnfused,disappinted,excited,frightened 等。
I felt really surprised when she tld me the exciting news.當(dāng)她告訴我這個(gè)令人興奮的消息時(shí),我感到非常驚訝。
點(diǎn)對(duì)點(diǎn)練習(xí)
單句語(yǔ)法填空
1.In the arranged(arrange) marriages f the ld days f China,there were indeed quite a lt f brides wh cried ver their unsatisfactry marriage and even their miserable fate.
2.He was sleeping when he heard his name shuted(shut) frm the utside.
3.Offered(ffer) an imprtant rle in a new mvie,Andy has gt a chance t becme famus.
考點(diǎn)三 動(dòng)詞的不定式
Xia Ming wants t becme① a basketball star and his dream is t play② basketball in the NBA.But he has s much hmewrk t d③.In rder t have④ mre time t play③ basketball,Xia Ming decides t study① hard t get④ a high scre.He really hpes that his father will allw him t play⑤ basketball every day.T make his dream cme true⑥ is nt easy.
注釋?zhuān)簞?dòng)詞的不定式形式在句子中作什么成分
①作賓語(yǔ)
②作表語(yǔ)
③作定語(yǔ)
④作狀語(yǔ)
⑤作賓補(bǔ)
⑥作主語(yǔ)
一、不定式的形式
二、核心考點(diǎn)
1.不定式作主語(yǔ)
(1)不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí),可以直接放在句首,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常常用單數(shù)。
T enter a gd university fr further study is my gal nw.
進(jìn)入一所好大學(xué)深造是我現(xiàn)在的目標(biāo)。
(2)不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí),更多放在謂語(yǔ)之后,用it作形式主語(yǔ),常用于“It is/was+adj.(+fr/f sb.)+t d sth.”結(jié)構(gòu)中。
It’s rude t turn yur back n yur teacher and refuse t answer.
對(duì)老師不予理睬,拒絕回答問(wèn)題是不禮貌的。
It’s necessary fr us t help thse in need.
我們有必要幫助那些有困難的人。
2.不定式作賓語(yǔ)
(1)不定式可作intend(打算),plan(計(jì)劃),expect(期望),pretend(假裝),wuld like/lve/prefer(喜歡),wish(希望),decide(決定),agree(同意),help(幫助),manage(設(shè)法),persuade(說(shuō)服),refuse(拒絕),prmise(答應(yīng)),attempt(企圖),chse(選擇),ask(詢問(wèn)),learn(學(xué)習(xí)),tell(告訴),fail(失敗),affrd(付得起)等動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)。
The teacher decided t pretend t have knwn what the bys had dne.He chse nt t ask the bys but expected t be tld everything.
老師決定假裝已經(jīng)知道這些男孩子們做了什么。他選擇不去問(wèn)孩子們,但是期望被告知一切。
(2)在某些動(dòng)詞如find,think,cnsider,feel,make,believe等后,常用it作形式賓語(yǔ),而把真正的賓語(yǔ)(不定式)后置。
He feels/thinks it imprtant t learn English well,but finds it difficult t remember the wrds.
他認(rèn)為學(xué)好英語(yǔ)很重要,但是發(fā)現(xiàn)記單詞很難。
3.不定式作表語(yǔ)
不定式作表語(yǔ),主語(yǔ)往往是dream,gal,aim,purpse,plan 等表示“意向、打算、計(jì)劃”的詞。
My dream is t becme a dctr after my graduatin frm university.
我的夢(mèng)想是大學(xué)畢業(yè)后當(dāng)一名醫(yī)生。
The aim f the talent shw is t enrich students’ extra-curricular activities.
這次才藝秀的目的是豐富學(xué)生們的課外活動(dòng)。
4.不定式作定語(yǔ)
(1)當(dāng)被修飾詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞,the nly,the next等修飾時(shí),常常用不定式作定語(yǔ)。
Jhn is always the first ne t cme up with a gd idea.
約翰總是第一個(gè)想出好辦法的人。
(2)用在固定句型sb.have sth.t d和 there be sth.t d中。
Students cmplain that they have endless hmewrk t d every day.
學(xué)生們抱怨他們每天有做不完的作業(yè)。
(3)修飾某些名詞,如chance,pprtunity,way,ability,plan 等。
I feel greatly hnred t have the chance t deliver a speech here.
有機(jī)會(huì)在這里發(fā)表演講,我感到萬(wàn)分榮幸。
5.不定式作狀語(yǔ)
(1)不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)時(shí),常位于句首或句中,形式上可用in rder t d,s as t d,t d等,但s as t d不能置于句首。
I gt up early s as t/in rder t/t catch the early bus in the mrning.
我早晨早起是為了趕早班車(chē)。
(2)不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)時(shí),常用于,enugh t, t結(jié)構(gòu)中。nly/just t d常表示出乎意料的結(jié)果。
I asked Mum t put up the tent excitedly,nly t be tld the tent had been left behind.
我興沖沖地讓媽媽搭帳篷,卻被告知帳篷忘帶了。
Every time I prepare fr an imprtant examinatin,I will be t anxius t fall asleep.
每次我準(zhǔn)備重要考試時(shí),我都會(huì)因太焦慮而睡不著。
(3)在be happy/glad/srry/sad/surprised t d sth.結(jié)構(gòu)中作原因狀語(yǔ)。
I am extremely glad t knw that yu are cming t China fr a visit during the summer hliday.我很高興得知暑假你要來(lái)中國(guó)旅游。
6.不定式作賓補(bǔ)
(1)在很多動(dòng)詞后都可以用不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),如ask,want,invite,get,frce,expect,allw,persuade,rder,warn,remind,prefer,cause,permit,frbid,advise,teach等。
I am writing t invite yu t cme t my birthday party.我寫(xiě)信邀請(qǐng)您來(lái)參加我的生日聚會(huì)。
(2)下列動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))接省略t的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ):“一感”(feel),“二聽(tīng)”(hear,listen t),“三使”(let,have,make),“五看”(see,ntice,bserve,watch,lk at),“半幫助”(help),但在變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)需加t。
I ften hear the girl sing the sng which is ppular recently.=The girl is ften heard t sing the sng which is ppular recently.
我經(jīng)常聽(tīng)到這個(gè)女孩唱這首最近很流行的歌。
點(diǎn)對(duì)點(diǎn)練習(xí)
單句語(yǔ)法填空
1.The airprt t be cmpleted(cmplete) next year will help prmte turism in this area.
2.T stay(stay) warm at night,I wuld fill the wd stve,and then set my alarm clck fr midnight s I culd refill it.
3.Sme peple try t knck me dwn,nly t make(make) me mre determined t d better.
4.The wrkers seem t have cmprmised(cmprmise) with the bss,because they are prepared t return t wrk.
難點(diǎn)釋疑
1.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),其邏輯主語(yǔ)通常要與句子的主語(yǔ)保持一致。
(誤)Fund him angry,I began t tell jkes.
(正)Finding him angry,I began t tell jkes.
發(fā)現(xiàn)他生氣了,我開(kāi)始講笑話。
(誤)Lking arund,there was n ne nearby.
(正)Lking arund,I fund there was n ne nearby.
環(huán)顧四周,我發(fā)現(xiàn)附近沒(méi)有人。
2.若非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子的主語(yǔ)不一致,則要在非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞前加上其自身的邏輯主語(yǔ),即“邏輯主語(yǔ)(名詞/代詞)+非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞”,構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。
具體形式如下:
(1)名詞/代詞+現(xiàn)在分詞?,F(xiàn)在分詞可有語(yǔ)態(tài)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化。
Winter cming,it gets clder and clder.
冬天來(lái)了,天氣越來(lái)越冷了。
(2)名詞/代詞+過(guò)去分詞。構(gòu)成過(guò)去分詞的動(dòng)詞與名詞/代詞為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,且過(guò)去分詞表示動(dòng)作已完成。
The test finished,we began ur hliday.
考試結(jié)束了,我們的假期開(kāi)始了。
(3)名詞/代詞+不定式。不定式表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作,有語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化。
The tw bys said gdbye t each ther,ne t g hme,the ther t g t his friend’s.
兩個(gè)男孩彼此道了別,一個(gè)回家,另一個(gè)去朋友家。
(4)有些分詞/不定式短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),盡管它們的邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子的主語(yǔ)不一致,但也不作為語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤來(lái)處理。
①常見(jiàn)的這類(lèi)分詞短語(yǔ)有g(shù)enerally/frankly/rughly/strictly speaking,talking f,speaking f,judging frm,cmpared with/t...,given that...等。
Generally speaking,girls are mre interested in literature than bys.
一般來(lái)說(shuō),女孩子比男孩子更喜歡文學(xué)。
②常見(jiàn)的這類(lèi)不定式短語(yǔ)有t be frank,t be sure,t tell (yu) the truth,t be hnest,t make matters wrse等。
T tell (yu) the truth,it’s all Greek t me.
說(shuō)實(shí)話,我對(duì)此一竅不通。
3.with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)
(1)with+名詞/代詞+現(xiàn)在分詞,現(xiàn)在分詞可表示主動(dòng)和動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。
He lay n the grass with his eyes lking at the sky.他躺在草地上,眼睛望著天空。
(2)with+名詞/代詞+過(guò)去分詞,過(guò)去分詞可表示被動(dòng)和動(dòng)作已完成。
With his hair cut,he lked much yunger.
理了發(fā),他看起來(lái)年輕多了。
(3)with+名詞/代詞+不定式,不定式表示動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生。
With a lt f hmewrk t d,I can’t g skating with yu.
因?yàn)橛泻芏嘧鳂I(yè)要做,所以我不能和你一起去滑冰。
4.下列動(dòng)詞或詞組既可以接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ),也可以接不定式作賓語(yǔ),但意義上有區(qū)別:
eq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\c1(mean t d sth.打算做某事,mean ding sth.意味著做某事))
eq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\c1(frget t d sth.忘記去做某事?未做?,frget ding sth.忘記做過(guò)某事?已做?))
eq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\c1(regret t d sth.對(duì)即將做的事表示遺憾?未做?,regret ding sth.對(duì)做過(guò)的事表示遺憾/,后悔?已做?))
eq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\c1(try t d sth.盡力/努力去做某事,try ding sth.試著做某事))
eq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\c1(g n t d sth.繼續(xù)做另外一件事,g n ding sth.繼續(xù)做原來(lái)做的事))
eq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\c1(remember t d sth.記著去做某事?未做?,remember ding sth.記得做過(guò)某事?已做?))
5.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的辨析
(1)感官動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))see,watch,bserve,lk at,ntice,hear,listen t,feel的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)主要有三種形式,以see為例:
see+賓語(yǔ)+eq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\c1(\b\lc\ \rc\}(\a\vs4\al\c1(ding sth.,看見(jiàn)……正做……,d sth.,看見(jiàn)……做了……))?\x(\a\vs4\al\c1(賓語(yǔ)與賓,補(bǔ)為邏輯,上的主動(dòng),關(guān)系)), dne看見(jiàn)……被做?\x(\a\vs4\al\c1(賓語(yǔ)與賓,補(bǔ)為邏輯,上的被動(dòng),關(guān)系))))
I saw him leave a few minutes ag.
我看見(jiàn)他幾分鐘前離開(kāi)了。
As I gt clser,I saw him kicking his legs in the air and breathing heavily.
當(dāng)我走近時(shí),我看見(jiàn)他的腿在空中亂踢,并且呼吸沉重。
I’d like t see the plan carried ut.
我想看到這個(gè)計(jì)劃被執(zhí)行。
(2)使役動(dòng)詞make,let,have,get后接復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的情況:
①eq \a\vs4\al\c1(make+,賓語(yǔ)+)eq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\c1(d讓……做……?\x(\a\vs4\al\c1(賓語(yǔ)與賓補(bǔ),為邏輯上的,主動(dòng)關(guān)系)),dne讓……被做?\x(\a\vs4\al\c1(賓語(yǔ)與賓補(bǔ),為邏輯上的,被動(dòng)關(guān)系))))
The teacher made sme students stay in the classrm after schl.
老師讓一些學(xué)生放學(xué)后留在教室里。
He tried t make himself understd.
他盡量把自己的意思表達(dá)清楚了。
②eq \a\vs4\al\c1(let+,賓語(yǔ)+)eq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\c1(d讓……做……?\x(\a\vs4\al\c1(賓語(yǔ)與賓補(bǔ),為邏輯上的,主動(dòng)關(guān)系)),be dne讓……被做?\x(\a\vs4\al\c1(賓語(yǔ)與賓補(bǔ),為邏輯上的,被動(dòng)關(guān)系))))
Dn’t let yur child play with matches.
別讓你的孩子玩火柴。
Let the wrk be dne immediately.
工作要馬上去做。
③eq \a\vs4\al\c1(have,+賓,語(yǔ)+)eq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\c1(\b\lc\ \rc\}(\a\vs4\al\c1(d sth.讓……做某事, ding sth.使……持續(xù)做某事))?\x(\a\vs4\al\c1(賓語(yǔ)與賓補(bǔ),為邏輯上的,主動(dòng)關(guān)系)), \a\vs4\al\c1(dne使……被做;,遭遇某種不幸)?\x(\a\vs4\al\c1(賓語(yǔ)與賓補(bǔ)為邏,輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系))))
He had the fire burning all the night.
他讓火燃燒了一夜。
He had his wallet stlen n his way hme.
在回家的路上,他的錢(qián)包被偷了。
④eq \a\vs4\al\c1(get,+賓,語(yǔ)+)eq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\c1(\b\lc\ \rc\}(\a\vs4\al\c1(t d sth.使……做,ding sth.使……開(kāi)始做))\x(\a\vs4\al\c1(賓語(yǔ)與賓補(bǔ),為邏輯上的,主動(dòng)關(guān)系)),\a\vs4\al\c1(dne使……被做)?\x(\a\vs4\al\c1(賓語(yǔ)與賓補(bǔ)為邏,輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系))))
She gt her bike running very fast.
她把自行車(chē)騎得飛快。
I’ll get my bike repaired tmrrw.
我明天要(請(qǐng)人)修一下我的自行車(chē)。
(3)動(dòng)詞leave,keep,find,catch后加非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓補(bǔ)的情況:
①leaveeq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\c1(sb./sth.ding sth.讓某人/物一直處于某種狀態(tài)?\x(\a\vs4\al\c1(賓語(yǔ)與賓補(bǔ),之間是邏輯,上的主動(dòng)關(guān),系,表示動(dòng)作,正在進(jìn)行)), sth.dne使……處于某種狀態(tài)?\x(\a\vs4\al\c1(賓語(yǔ)與賓補(bǔ)之間是,邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系,,表示被動(dòng)和完成,,賓補(bǔ)一般多為undne,,unfinished,unsettled,,untuched,etc.)),sb.t d sth.讓某人去做某事?\x(\a\vs4\al\c1(動(dòng)詞不,定式表,示將來(lái),的動(dòng)作))))
②keepeq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\c1(sb./sth.ding sth.使某人/物一直做某事,sb./sth.dne使某人/物被……?\x(\a\vs4\al\c1(表示被動(dòng),且完成,或,表示狀態(tài)))))
③findeq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\c1(sb.ding發(fā)現(xiàn)某人正在做……,sb./sth.dne發(fā)現(xiàn)某人/物已經(jīng)……?\x(\a\vs4\al\c1(表示完成,或狀態(tài)))))
④catch sb.ding sth.撞見(jiàn)某人正在做某事
單句語(yǔ)法填空
1.It is different frm traditinal turism because it allws the traveler t becme educated(educate) abut the areas—bth in terms f gegraphical cnditins and cultural characteristics.(2021·全國(guó)乙)
2.Chinese researchers hpe t use the instruments n-bard Chang’e-4 t find(find) and study areas f the Suth Ple-Aitken basin.(2020·全國(guó)Ⅰ)
3.When we gt a call saying(say) she was shrt-listed,we thught it was a jke.(2019·全國(guó)Ⅱ)
1.分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),判斷是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞還是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞
首先判定所給提示詞是否充當(dāng)句子的謂語(yǔ),如果句子不缺少謂語(yǔ),那就是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。
2.找邏輯主語(yǔ),再判斷與動(dòng)詞之間的關(guān)系
(1)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí),其邏輯主語(yǔ)是被修飾詞;作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),其邏輯主語(yǔ)通常是句子的主語(yǔ);作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)時(shí),其邏輯主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語(yǔ)。
(2)如果邏輯主語(yǔ)與非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間是主謂關(guān)系,則用現(xiàn)在分詞;如果非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與其邏輯主語(yǔ)之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,則用過(guò)去分詞。
但是當(dāng)含有被動(dòng)意義時(shí),如果非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生,則用不定式的被動(dòng)式;如果非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行,則用現(xiàn)在分詞形式的被動(dòng)式。
3.判斷所給動(dòng)詞與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的先后順序
(1)t have dne,having dne表示該動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作之前。
(2)t be ding,ding表示該動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作(幾乎)同時(shí)發(fā)生。
層級(jí)一 基礎(chǔ)達(dá)標(biāo)練
單句語(yǔ)法填空
1.Smetimes we find her driving(drive) the tractr n the farm.
2.Li Lei is asking his deskmate t help(help) him think f a freign name.
3.—Hi,Li Hng!I didn’t see yu at the party.
—Oh,I was busy getting(get) ready fr the cming exams.
4.The ld men enjy listening(listen) t the singing f the birds in the park.
5.The girl standing(stand) under the tree is my cusin Kate.
6.Bks written(write) in easy English are very ppular amng Chinese middle schl students.
7.I fund the dr clsed(clse) when I gt hme.
8.When they met again,they were t excited t say(say) a wrd.
9.I’m hungry.Get me smething t eat(eat).
10.—Hw lng did it take yu t d(d) yur hmewrk yesterday?
—Abut half an hur.
11.The next mrning he hired a bat and set ut t find(find) the well-knwn painter.
12.And when he saw the mists rising frm the river and the sft cluds surrunding(surrund) the muntain tps,he was reduced t tears.
13.The lcal gvernment desn’t have t sacrifice envirnmental prtectin t prmte(prmte) ecnmic grwth.
14.The whle city lay in ruins after the earthquake,making(make) us awake all night.
15.The giant panda,als knwn(knw) as the panda bear r simply the panda,is a bear native t Suth Central China.
層級(jí)二 高考真題練
單句語(yǔ)法填空
1.Activities there range frm whale watching t hiking(遠(yuǎn)足) and accmmdatins aim t have(have) a lw impact n the natural envirnment.(2021·全國(guó)乙)
2.It is pssible t walk(walk) r bike the entire 14 kilmeters.(2021·全國(guó)甲)
3.After spending(spend) sme time lking at all the defensive equipment at the wall,we decided it was time fr sme actin and what better than t ride n a piece f histry!(2021·全國(guó)甲)
4.In 1985,urban men and wmen in mre than three quarters f the cuntries studied(study) had higher BMIs than men and wmen in rural areas.(2021·浙江1月)
5.This may be due t sme disadvantages fr peple living(live) in the cuntryside,including lwer levels f incme and educatin,higher csts f healthy fds,and fewer sprts facilities.(2021·浙江1月)
6.Mary’s sister,F(xiàn)rances Tdd Wallace,ften came ver t plant(plant) flwers in the frnt yard.(2021·浙江6月)
7.China’s Natinal Highway 318,extending(extend) ver 5,000 kilmeters frm Shanghai t Zhangmu,Tibet,is knwn as the “heavenly rad” fr its amazing views.(2021·天津3月)
8.Minimize the impact f visiting(visit) the place.(2021·全國(guó)乙)
9.They represent the earth cming(cme) back t life and best wishes fr new beginnings.
(2020·全國(guó)Ⅱ)
10.They are easy t care(care) fr and make great presents.(2020·全國(guó)Ⅱ)
11.As well as lking at exhibits,visitrs can play with cmputer simulatins(模擬) and imagine themselves living at a different time in histry r walking(walk) thrugh a rainfrest.
(2020·新高考全國(guó)Ⅰ)
12.Agriculture gave peple their first experience f the pwer f technlgy t change(change) lives.(2020·浙江7月)
13.Cmpleted(cmplete) in 1931,the Empire State Building,the highest skyscraper until 1954,inspired the imaginatin f the wrld.(2020·天津7月)
14.Mdern methds f tracking plar bear ppulatins have been emplyed nly since the mid-1980s,and are expensive t perfrm(perfrm) cnsistently ver a large area.(2019·全國(guó)Ⅰ)
15.Learning(learn) t think critically is an imprtant skill tday’s children will need fr the future.(2019·天津6月)
層級(jí)三 語(yǔ)篇提能練
語(yǔ)法填空
(改編自2021·新高考全國(guó)Ⅰ)
1. (g) t Munt Huangshan reminds me f the ppular Beatles’ sng “The Lng and Winding Rad”.What is s breathtaking abut the experience is the ut-f-this-wrld scenes.The rlling sea f cluds yu see nce yu are at the tp will remind yu hw tiny we humans 2. (be).
The ht spring at the ft f the muntain is smething yu must try after the climb.It will undubtedly help yu get 3. (refresh)! The 4. (amaze) thing abut the spring is that the clder the temperature 5. (get),the htter the spring! Strange,isn’t it? But that’s hw nature is—always leaving us 6. (astnish).
What cmes next is the endless series f steps.Yu can’t help 7. (wnder) hw hard it was fr the peple then 8. (put) all thse rcks int place.Thugh it is the nly unnatural thing n yur way up the muntain,still it highlights the whle adventure and ffers a place where yu can sit dwn t rest yur 9. (ache) legs.
As the sng ges,this lng and winding rad “will never disappear”,and it will always stick in the visitr’s memry.It sure des in mine.While yu’re in China,Munt Huangshan is a must 10. (visit)!
eq \x(語(yǔ)篇解讀 本文講述了作者爬黃山的見(jiàn)聞和感受。)
1.答案 Ging
解析 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)并結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知,本空為主語(yǔ),故應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞的-ing形式作主語(yǔ)。
2.答案 are
解析 考查主謂一致。根據(jù)句意“人類(lèi)是多么渺小”且主語(yǔ)we humans是復(fù)數(shù)可知,謂語(yǔ)用are。
3.答案 refreshed
解析 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作表語(yǔ)。get refreshed構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。
4.答案 amazing
解析 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)。修飾thing,意為“奇妙的事情”,故用-ing形式作定語(yǔ)。
5.答案 gets
解析 考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。根據(jù)句意以及上下文時(shí)態(tài)可知,此處用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),且主語(yǔ)the temperature為第三人稱單數(shù),故填gets。
6.答案 astnished
解析 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓補(bǔ)。本空在“l(fā)eave+復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)中作賓補(bǔ),且根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知,這里指的是使我們“感到驚訝”,故填astnished。
7.答案 wndering
解析 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ)。can’t help ding sth.忍不住做某事。
8.答案 t put
解析 考查不定式作主語(yǔ)。此處為 it is/was+adj.+fr sb.+t d sth.的變式,it為形式主語(yǔ),t d 為真正的主語(yǔ)。
9.答案 aching
解析 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。本空在句中作定語(yǔ),ache與中心詞legs之間是邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系,故用現(xiàn)在分詞aching。
10.答案 t visit
解析 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)。此處must用作名詞,指“必須要做的一件事”,需用動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)。
1.作主語(yǔ)或介賓用ding——簡(jiǎn)單錯(cuò)誤不犯
典例 (2020·新高考全國(guó)Ⅰ)制作爆米花不像他們預(yù)想的那么簡(jiǎn)單。
Making ppcrn was nt as easy as they had expected.
運(yùn)用 (2021·天津3月)在蒙古草原和那里的人一起體驗(yàn)生活,會(huì)是一個(gè)很好的選擇,可以開(kāi)闊我的視野。
Experiencing life n the Mnglia grassland with peple there will be a gd chice t braden my hrizns.
2.作狀語(yǔ)用分詞生動(dòng)簡(jiǎn)練
(1)ding作狀語(yǔ),表示句子主語(yǔ)和該動(dòng)詞為主謂(主動(dòng))關(guān)系。
典例 (2020·新高考全國(guó)Ⅰ)由于缺乏自信,伯納德猶豫了好一會(huì)兒才敲第一家的門(mén)。
Lacking cnfidence,Bernard hesitated fr quite a while befre kncking at the first dr.
運(yùn)用 (2021·新高考全國(guó)Ⅰ)父親輕輕地拍著他們的肩膀,用溫柔的聲音說(shuō):“親愛(ài)的,愛(ài)才是最重要的。讓我們一起做吧?!?br>Patting them gently n the shulders,the father said in a warm vice,“Darling,it is lve that cunts.Let’s d this tgether.”
(2)dne作狀語(yǔ),表示句子主語(yǔ)和該動(dòng)詞為動(dòng)賓(被動(dòng))關(guān)系。
典例 (2020·浙江7月)被這只熊不停地用力推,籬笆很快散架了。
Pushed hard cnstantly by the bear,the fence sn fell apart.
運(yùn)用 (2021·新高考全國(guó)Ⅰ)一半驚訝,一半擔(dān)心,父親關(guān)心孩子們的責(zé)任感油然而生,所以他決定幫助他們做早餐。
Half surprised,and half cncerned,the father felt a sense f respnsibility f caring abut the kids,s he decided t help them make breakfast.
3.表目的,不定式適當(dāng)提前
典例 (2020·新高考全國(guó)Ⅰ)為了吸引更多的顧客,伯納德賣(mài)力地吆喝起他的爆米花。
T attract mre custmers,Bernard began t peddle his ppcrn at the tp f his vice.
運(yùn)用 (2021·上海)為了更高效地學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ),你最好選擇聽(tīng)說(shuō)課程。
T learn English mre efficiently,yu had better chse the Listening and Speaking curse.
4.having dne比after從句光鮮靚麗
典例 (2020·新高考全國(guó)Ⅰ)失敗了許多次之后,他們幾乎要灰心了。但約翰叔叔來(lái)幫助他們了。
Having failed many times,they almst lst heart.But Uncle Jhn came t their assistance.
運(yùn)用 (2020·新高考全國(guó)Ⅰ)爆米花銷(xiāo)售一空之后,他們決定收工回家。
Having sld ut all the ppcrn,they decided t call it a day and g hme.語(yǔ)態(tài)形式
時(shí)態(tài)形式
主動(dòng)
被動(dòng)
一般式
ding
being dne
完成式
having dne
having been dne
注意:以下短語(yǔ)中t 都是介詞
be used t ding習(xí)慣于 bject t 反對(duì)
devte neself t 致力于 stick t堅(jiān)持
pay attentin t注意 lk frward t期盼
adapt t適應(yīng) adjust t ?使?適應(yīng)于
歸因于 be addicted t對(duì)……上癮
reduce sb./sth.t?使?淪為
語(yǔ)態(tài)形式
時(shí)態(tài)形式
主動(dòng)
被動(dòng)
一般式
t d
t be dne
完成式
t have dne
t have been dne
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