引入：
一、 選擇最佳選項(xiàng)。
17. ________ is generally accepted, economic growth is determined by the stable political situation and the smooth development of production.
A. lt B. That C. What D. As
18. The reason _________I am writing to you is to remind you to attend the meeting to be held this Saturday afternoon.
A. which B. for that C. for which D. for why
19. Sam was determined to enter for the college specially for the old, _______it meant he had to attend classes for three nights a week.
A. as if B. even if C. provided D. where
20. __________, the mad cow disease caused the farm heavy losses.
A. It occurred that B. It occurred to where C. That it occurred D. Where it occurred
21. __________, wrong he does to me, I have faith in our friendship.
A. However B. Whatever C Although D. In spite of
22. All of them agreed to accept __________ they thought was the best at playing football.
A. whatever B. whichever C. whomever D. whoever
23.I think I have made clear ___________ the importance of this meeting.
A. it B. that C. 不填 D. what
24. Railway is to transportation ___________ blood is to a man's body.
A. what B. that C. how D. where.
25. They kept researching ___________ the effect ___________ pollution___________ life expectancy.
A. into; on; of B. on; of; into C. on; into; of D. into; of; on
26. Weekly film and concert schedules, which __________, ___________on Wednesday outside of the student club.
A. are arranged; will post B. are arranged; will be posted
C. are being arranged; will be posted D. are arranging; will have been posted
27. The children ___________ round a big desk, and soon they __________ in reading.
A. seated; absorbed B. were seated; were absorbed
C. seated themselves; absorbed. D. seated; were absorbed
28. Though there was a ____________ hope, the rescue team will keep on trying.
A. faint B. weak C. light D. slight
29. “Green agriculture” means ___________ farming that grows plants in soils.
A. chemical B. economical C. natural D. traditional
30. The school has gained improved exam result by ____________ parents more in their children’s education.
A. containing B. including C. involving D. mixing
31. Doctors advise that soft drinks should also be drunk in _____________ for the sake of health.
A. adequacy B. moderation C. amount D. subtlety
32. Recent pressure at work may _____________ his unusual behavior.
A. account for B. make the best use of C. be aware of D. be ahead of
【答案】DCBDB DCADC ADCBA

Extreme sports
Amazing, inspiring feats of daring and determination that will bring you everywhere from the high skies to the deep sea. Let’s talk about E-sports.

Discussion:
1. What kind of E-sports do you know?
2. Do you want to try? Which one do you prefer?
3. What’s people’s mood in adventure?

知識(shí)點(diǎn)一、重點(diǎn)單詞和詞組梳理
【知識(shí)梳理】
詞匯
1. blame /ble?m/
1）vt. 指責(zé); 把…歸咎于
The commission is expected to blame the army for many of the atrocities.
該委員會(huì)預(yù)計(jì)會(huì)將大量暴行歸咎于軍隊(duì)。

2）n. 責(zé)備
Nothing could relieve my terrible sense of blame.
沒什么能把我從極度自責(zé)中解脫出來。

3) n. (事故、過失等的) 責(zé)任
I'm not going to sit around and take the blame for a mistake he made.
我不會(huì)閑坐著，為他犯的錯(cuò)誤承擔(dān)責(zé)任。

4). vt. 責(zé)怪
I do not blame them for trying to make some money.
我不怪他們想要掙些錢。

【固定搭配】
blame sb for sth. 因…而責(zé)備某人
sb. be to blame for sth. 某人對(duì)…負(fù)責(zé)

2. pressure /?pr???/
1).n 壓力
She kicked at the door with her foot, and the pressure was enough to open it.
她用腳踢門，其產(chǎn)生的壓力足以把門打開。
The pressure of his fingers had relaxed.
他手指的壓力已經(jīng)減弱了。

2)vt對(duì)…施加壓力
He will never pressure you to get married.
他永遠(yuǎn)也不會(huì)給你施加壓力讓你結(jié)婚。

3. impress /?m?pr?s/
1). vt 使留下印象
It didn't impress me as a good place to live.
那地方?jīng)]有給我留下適合居住的印象。

2) vt. 使欽佩
What impressed him most was their speed.
最令他欽佩的是他們的速度。

4. solution /s??lu???n/ n. 解決辦法; 謎底
Although he has sought to find a peaceful solution, he is facing pressure to use greater military force.
雖然他已設(shè)法尋找一個(gè)和平的解決辦法，但他正面臨著使用更大軍事力量的壓力。

We invited readers who completed the puzzle to send in their solutions.
我們邀請(qǐng)解完謎的讀者交出謎底。

5. independent /??nd??p?nd?nt/ adj. 無關(guān)聯(lián)的; 相互獨(dú)立的
Your questions should be independent of each other.
你們的問題應(yīng)該是相互間毫無關(guān)聯(lián)的。

【固定搭配】
be independent of sth.

【反義詞】
be dependent on sth. （注意形容詞后面的介詞搭配）

6. adapt /??d?pt/
1）.vt 使適應(yīng)
The world will be different, and we will have to be prepared to adapt to the change.
這個(gè)世界將會(huì)不同，所以我們必須準(zhǔn)備好適應(yīng)變化。

2）.vt 改裝
Shelves were built to adapt the library for use as an office.
做了個(gè)書架，以便將這個(gè)圖書館改作一個(gè)辦公室用

7. reveal /r??vi?l/ v.揭示；顯示；透露
1) vt. 透露; 顯示
She has refused to reveal the whereabouts of her daughter.
她已拒絕透露她女兒的行蹤。
A survey of the American diet has revealed that a growing number of people are overweight.
一項(xiàng)有關(guān)美國(guó)人日常飲食的調(diào)查表明越來越多的人超重。

2). vt 使顯露; 揭露
In the principal room, a grey carpet was removed to reveal the original pine floor.
在主房間里，一塊灰色的地毯被挪開了，使原有的松木地板露了出來。

8. responsible /r??sp?ns?b?l/
1). adj. 負(fù)有責(zé)任的
He still felt responsible for her death.

他依然覺得對(duì)她的死負(fù)有責(zé)任。


2) adj. 向…匯報(bào)的 (通常和“to”進(jìn)行搭配)
I'm responsible to my board of directors.
我向我的董事會(huì)匯報(bào)。

9. reliable /r??la??b?l/ adj 可靠的
She was efficient and reliable.
她既能干又可靠。

10. extent /?k?st?nt/
1). n 程度
The government itself has little information on the extent of industrial pollution.
政府本身對(duì)工業(yè)污染的程度知之甚少。

2). n. 長(zhǎng)度; 廣度; 范圍
Industry representatives made it clear that their commitment was only to maintain the extent of forests, not their biodiversity.
業(yè)界代表們申明他們只承諾維持森林的規(guī)模而不是其生物多樣性。

【固定搭配】
to a large extent 在很大程度上
to some extent 在某種程度上

11. conduct v.組織；安排；實(shí)施
動(dòng)詞讀作k?n?d?kt。名詞讀作?k?nd?kt。

1). vt. 組織并實(shí)施
I decided to conduct an experiment.
我決定做一項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)。

2). vt. 指揮 (交響樂、合唱等)
Dennis had recently begun a successful career conducting opera.
丹尼斯最近成功地開始了指揮歌劇的生涯。
Solti continued to conduct here and abroad.
佐爾蒂繼續(xù)在國(guó)內(nèi)外指揮。

3). vt 傳導(dǎo) (熱、電)
Water conducts heat faster than air.
水比空氣導(dǎo)熱快。

4）vt. 進(jìn)行實(shí)施
Also up for discussion will be the conduct of free and fair elections.
還需討論的是公平自由的選舉如何進(jìn)行。

5）n. 進(jìn)行實(shí)施
Also up for discussion will be the conduct of free and fair elections.
還需討論的是公平自由的選舉如何進(jìn)行。

6). n. (某人在某情形中的) 行為方式
For Europeans, the law is a statement of basic principles of civilized conduct.
對(duì)歐洲人來說，該法律是對(duì)基本文明行為原則的表述。

12. quit v.停止；戒掉
quit /kw?t/
1) vt 辭去 (工作); 辭職
He quit his job as an office boy.
他辭去了辦公室勤雜員的工作。

2). vt. 停止
A nicotine spray can help smokers quit the habit.
一種尼古丁噴劑可以幫助吸煙者戒煙。
Quit acting like you didn't know.
別裝得像你不知道似的。
Quit it! That hurts!
戒掉它吧！這東西害人！

3).vt 徹底離開
Science fiction writers have long dreamed that humans might one day quit the earth to colonize other planets.
科幻小說作家們長(zhǎng)期以來一直夢(mèng)想著人類有一天可以離開地球移居到其它星球上。

13. charity /?t??r?t?/ n.慈善；賑濟(jì)
1) n. 慈善機(jī)構(gòu)
an AIDS charity. 一個(gè)艾滋病慈善機(jī)構(gòu)。

2) n. 慈善
He made substantial donations to charity.
他做了大量的慈善捐贈(zèng)。
Gooch will be raising money for charity.
古奇將為慈善籌集款項(xiàng)。

3) n. 救濟(jì)金; 救濟(jì)物

Her husband is unemployed and the family depends on charity.
她的丈夫失業(yè)了，全家靠救濟(jì)度日。

14. account /??ka?nt/
1) n. 賬戶
Some banks make it difficult to open an account.
有些銀行使開一個(gè)賬戶困難重重。

2). n 客戶
All three Internet agencies boast they've won major accounts.
所有的三家網(wǎng)絡(luò)代理公司都夸口說他們已贏得了大客戶。

3). n. 賬目
He kept detailed accounts.
他保存了詳細(xì)的賬目。

15. preserve /pr??z??v/
1). vt 維護(hù)
We will do everything to preserve peace.
我們將竭盡全力維護(hù)和平。

preservation n. 維護(hù)

2). vt. 保護(hù)
We need to preserve the forest.
我們需要保護(hù)森林。

16. ambitious /?m?b???s/
1). adj 雄心勃勃的
Chris is so ambitious, so determined to do it all.
克里斯是如此雄心勃勃，如此堅(jiān)決地要把它做完。

2). adj 宏大的
The ambitious project was completed in only nine months.
這個(gè)宏大的項(xiàng)目在僅僅9個(gè)月之內(nèi)就完成了。

17. attempt /??t?mpt/
1)vt .試圖 (尤指做困難的事)
The only time that we attempted to do something like that was in the city of Philadelphia.
我們惟一一次試圖做那樣的事是在費(fèi)城。

2). n 企圖
a deliberate attempt to destabilize the defence.
蓄意削弱防御的企圖。

【固定搭配】
attempt to do sth. 試圖去做某事。

18. contain /k?n?te?n/
1）. vt 有…在里面
The envelope contained a Christmas card.
該信封里裝有一張圣誕賀卡。
The first two floors of the building contain retail space and a restaurant.
該大樓最底下兩層有零售空間和一家餐館。

2). vt 含有
Watermelon contains vitamins and also potassium.
西瓜含有維生素也有鉀。

3). vt 控制; 阻止
More than a hundred firemen are still trying to contain the fire at the plant.
一百多名消防隊(duì)員仍在努力控制工廠火勢(shì)。

短語
1. be likely to 可能做；可能成為
The tension between the two countries is likely to remain.
兩國(guó)之間的緊張局面可能持續(xù)。

2. due to 由于；因?yàn)?br /> The coast road is closed due to bad weather.
由于天氣惡劣，濱海公路暫時(shí)封閉。

3. social media 社交媒體
Social media has become a platform for advertisements.
社交媒體已經(jīng)成為做廣告的一個(gè)平臺(tái)。

4. ice sheet 冰原；冰蓋
The satellite USES radar to measure its altitude above the ice sheet.
衛(wèi)星用雷達(dá)測(cè)定衛(wèi)星從冰層頂部算起的高度。

5. apart from 除……之外（都）
I like all sports apart from football.
除足球外我喜歡所有的運(yùn)動(dòng)。

【例題精講】
用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。
1. You ______ (read) the novel for almost five hours. Why not join us and have a cup of tea?
2. The bridge is still under construction and ______ (expect) to complete in October.
3. They were ahead during the first half of the match, but ______ (beat) in the last five minutes.
4. The movie was not good enough, but I ______ (see) many worse ones.
5. Rain forests ______ (cut) at such a speed that they will disappear from this planet in the foreseeable future.
6. Sorry, Jim. I ______ (plan) to go to your birthday party, but my sister was sick.
7. Oh, what a pretty gift I ______ (not expect) you would bring me a gift.
8. By the time he left the college, he ______ (make) dozens of inventions.
9. When I met Mr. Smith five years ago, he ______ (work) as an interpreter in an import and export company.
10. At this time next week, we ______ (fly) across the Pacific to another continent.

【答案】
1. have been reading
2. is expected
3. were beaten
4. had seen
5. are being cut
6. had planned
7. didn’t expect
8. had made
9. was working


【鞏固練習(xí)】
Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks,?use one word that best fits each blank.
NOW he has a new computer, Mike is wondering what will happen to the old one. Well, after (1) _______(break) down into small pieces, it was sent to china by ship.
Things like this happen every day. Last month Hong Kong officers found 131,000 kilograms of broken computers, TVs and phones. They (2) _______(send) to china illegally. This batch of e-waste was sent back to Japan, but sometimes e-waste gets through.
Computers (3) _______(fill) with dangerous poisons like mercury (水銀) and lead (鉛). Every time an old computer breaks down, it needs (4)_______ (deal) with safely. Usually computer parts are buried. E-waste is a problem. Countries like Japan and the US often send their e-waste to China. For years, Guiyu in Guangdong Province (5) __________ (describe) as “the e-waste capital of the world”.
The city has to deal with 1.5 million kilograms of e-waste each year. This earns $75 million, (6) __________ it comes at a cost. Many of the poisons in e-waste find their way (7) __________ the environment. Plastic is burned outdoors and acids are poured into rivers.
Greenpeace, an environmental group, has said that it has found the earth and rivers of Guiyu badly (8) _________ (pollute). Fortunately, laws about waste recycling (9) __________(make) to solve the problem, after all, the government wants the country to develop, but in a way (10) __________ doesn’t damage the environment and people’s lives.

【答案】
1. being broken
2. had been sent
3. are filled
4. to be dealt/dealing
5. is described/has been described
6. but
7. into
8. polluted
9. are being made/have been made
10. that/which

知識(shí)點(diǎn)二、省略 ( Ellipsis)
【知識(shí)梳理】
為了使語言簡(jiǎn)潔、避免重復(fù)、突出新信息并使上下文緊密連接，人們常把某些詞省略掉，這在英語中是普遍的。
一、 并且結(jié)構(gòu)中的省略
（一） 省略主語
例如：
She went to the clinic and (she) saw a doctor.
He can speak, but can’t write, Russian.
(He can speak Russian, but can’t write it.)
A high position was offered to him, but (it) was declined.
To some life is pleasure, and to others (life is) suffering.

(二)省略整個(gè)謂語或謂語的主要部分
例如：
Either Sally must be responsible for the matter or we’ll be (responsible for the matter).
Dr Waston will meet some visitors this morning and Peter (will meet some visitors) this afternoon.
Bill, and perhaps Phil, will do it, too. (Bill will do it, and perhaps Phi will do it, too.)
Albert needn’t say, but George must (stay).
Smith will (teach modern essay), and Brown might, teach modern essay.
Smith will teach modern essay, and Brown might (teach modern essay), too.
The text will have been carefully collated and the mistkaes (will have been) corrected by the end of the month.

(三)省略賓語及賓語連同前面的及物動(dòng)詞一起省略
例如：
Edison invented (the light bulb), the manufactures produced (the light bulb), and the inhabitants used, the light bulb.
Laura is (teaching music), her mother has been (teaching music), and her sister might also be, teaching music.

(四)省略表語
例如：
They’re more afraid of you than you are of them.
Nigel is (an officer in the navy), and his son will also be, an office in the navy.
George was (interested in the performance), but Jim pretended to be, interested in the performance.

(五)省略狀語
例如：
Mr Oliver teaches (in Cambridge), and his son studies, in Cambridge.
The father speaks but the son only dresses like an Englishman.
= The father speaks, but the son only dresses, like an English.

(六)省略冠詞
例如：
Both the old and (the) young took part in the singing competition.
Is the baby a boy or (a) girl?

(七)省略介詞
例如：
You may go by land or (by) water.
It is a matter of life and (of) death.

(八)省略名詞
例如：
It doesn’t matter whether he is for (the plan) or against the plan.
It is the listener’s (will) rather than the speaker’s will that is questioned.
注意：指示代詞this, that, these, those為限定詞時(shí)，并且名詞的省略。
this (book) and that book
this time and that (time)
these (chairs) and those chairs
these books and those (books)

二、 狀語從句中的省略
如果狀語從句的主語和主語一致，而且狀語從句謂語中有be動(dòng)詞，可以將狀語從句的主語連同be動(dòng)詞一起省略。引導(dǎo)這類狀語從句的連詞有：when, while, though, if, unless, although等。其結(jié)構(gòu)式為：連詞+現(xiàn)在分詞/過去分詞/介詞短語/名詞/代詞/副詞/形容詞/從句+主句
例如：
Jacob stared into my eyes while he whispered, as if to communicate something besides the words he spoke.
While (he was) doing so, he trembled a little.
When (it is) taken according to the instructions, the drug has no side effects.
He came across the picture while a visit to New York.
He could write poems when yet a child.
Don’t do it till too late.
He is better than when I last saw him.
I know you better than her.
He hurriedly left the room as though (he was) very angry.

注意：1）在if it is possible或when it is necessary 等類似結(jié)構(gòu)中，it is?？墒÷浴?br /> If (it is) possible, we’ll build another railroad in this area.
We’ll have the old house pulled down when necessary.
Put a comma, where needed.
注意2)有些狀語從句似乎有詞省略，卻很難說出省略了哪些詞，特別是一些諺語中，例如：
Once bitten, twice shy.
More haste, less speed.
Out of sight, out of mind.

三、 比較結(jié)構(gòu)中的省略
比較結(jié)構(gòu)通常是有些成分被省略，或是省略與主句相同的部分，或是省略在特定下上文或情景中某些不言而喻的部分。
（一） 最高級(jí)比較結(jié)構(gòu)中的省略 或是在一定上下文中省略比較范圍，或是省略最高級(jí)后
的名詞。
例如：
Which do you think is the prettiest?
Who lives nearest to school?
—Six juicy orange, please.
—These are our juiciest (oranges).
—I know that kind-they aren’t sweet.
—I’m sorry, they’re the sweetest ( oranges) we’ve got.

(二)as… as和more than
1.省略全部謂語
例如：He had the most beautiful soul, more beautiful than his brilliant mind or his incomparable face or his glorious body.
Clara is more ambitious than I (me非正式文體).
This house is not so expensive as the other one.
2.省略部分謂語
例如：
Wasn’t anybody later than we were?
Jane would do it much more quickly than I would.
3.省略主語和謂語的大部分
例如：
Things are no better than before.
The roads are much quieter here than in Loondon.
He is better than ( he was) when I last visited him.
4.下列比較分句中很難指明省略了什么。
例如：This meat is better than what we had last week.
或：This meat is better than we had last eek.
That is more than the workers could stand.
It’s far more important than how much it costs.
注意：在下列比較狀語從句中可以說是省略了主語，也可以說是由as或than充當(dāng)從句主語。例如：
I don’t think this is any better than was ordered.
He drove faster than was wise.
They stood chatting together as easily and naturally as could be.

四、 名詞性從句和定語從句中的省略
（一） 名詞性從句中的省略
在非正式文體中，連詞that在主語從句和表語從句中可以省略；連詞that引出從句位于句尾，而用it作形式主語放在句首時(shí)，that可以省略；若that引出同位語從句，則that不省略。
例如：It is a pity (that) you missed the sports meeting last week.
That you missed the sports meeting last week is a pity.
The only problem is (that) you can’t eat trees!
I think (that) it will clear up this afternoon.
We’ve just heard a warning on the radio that a hurricane is likely to come.

(二)定語從句中的省略
在限制性定語從句中，作賓語用的關(guān)系代詞who, whom, which，that常常省略。
例如：This is the film (that/ which) I saw last Saturday.
She is the girl (who/whom/that) they were walking about at the party.

(三)關(guān)系副詞that的省略
在限制性定語從句中，that可以充當(dāng)關(guān)系副詞，在從句中作狀語，修飾時(shí)間名詞time, moment, day, year,地點(diǎn)名詞place,方式名詞way或原因名詞reason等，可以省略。
例如：Do you remember the time (that) /when we all went to a night club?
Do you know the reason why/ (that)/ for which he was late?
This is the place (that) they swam across the river.
I like the way (that) she did it.

五、 動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)to的省略
（一） 在表示感覺的動(dòng)詞如：feel, hear, see, watch, observe, listen to, look at, notic以及使役
動(dòng)詞let, make, have等后面作賓補(bǔ)的不定式要省略to。但如果這些動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)，to不省略。
例如：Harry watched her fly away for a few seconds.
I felt the house shake.
Have you noticed her cry?
He was seen to take the money.

（二） 在介詞but, except后的不定式，如介詞前面有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do，介詞后跟省略to的不定
式，否則，要跟帶to的不定式
例如：They did nothing but complain.
He does everything in the house except put the children to bed.
You have no choice but to wait.

（三） 當(dāng)主語部分有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do時(shí)，作表語的不定式可以省略to.
例如：What we can do is (to) continue to wait.
The only thing you have to do is (to) press the button.

(四) 在用and或or等連接不定式并且作用相同時(shí)，常省略后面不定式to.
例如： She started to shout and cry.
I’d like to lie down and go to sleep.
I wished to finish my business and get away.
She asked you to telephone or wire to her on Monday.

六、 不定式符號(hào)的單獨(dú)使用
為了避免重復(fù)前面已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)過的動(dòng)詞，可以用不定式符號(hào)代替不定式結(jié)構(gòu)，省略后面的部分。這種情況主要用于口語中。
（一） to代替不定式作賓語，常同be afraid, care, expect, forget, hate, hope, intend, mean, need,
like, plan, prefer, refuse, seem, try, want, wish等詞連用。
例如：I asked him to see the film, but he didn’t want to (see the film).
We suggested that she reconsider the matter, but she refused to ( reconsider the matter).
I would mend your radio, but I don’t know how to ( mend it).

（二） to代替不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語(有時(shí)to也可以省略)
例如：We should like Jane to get a good degree but we don’t really expect her to (get it)
If I don’t happen to remember to ring up Mr Smith, would you remind me to?
—May I go out this evening?
—Yes, I’ll allow you (to).

（三） 如果不定式是to be, to have done, to have been done,就不能只用不定式符號(hào)“to”來替
代被省略的動(dòng)詞及動(dòng)詞后的部分，而要用to be, to have, to have been。
例如：Were they informed of the delay of the shipment? — No, but they ought to have been.
Aren’t you director?— No, and I don’t want to be!
Hasn’t he finished the work? — No, but he ought to have.

七、 用替代詞的省略
在某些情況下，當(dāng)我們省略掉某個(gè)詞、詞組或句子時(shí)，還需要用某個(gè)替代詞。常用的替代詞有： do (does), so, not, neither, nor, do so, do that, do it, one ones, the same等。
（一） do可用來代替動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞加其他成分。
例如：
She speaks English more fluently than you do.(=speak English)
She speaks English more fluently than her brother does. (speak English)
Did you see the film? Yes, I did. (=saw the film)
Nelson hoped that they would all do their duty to the country as Englishmen should do.(= should do their duty to the country)

（二） so和not的替代
so可以代替單詞、詞組和句子，作call, expect, hope, do, fear, imagine, suppose, speak, say, tell, think, believe,be afraid, see, notice等的賓語；not代替否定的句子，用法與so相似，并可放在perhaps, probably, absolutely等副詞后。這種用法也可與if連用。
例如： He must be a worker. I imagine so. (=that he is a worker)
She has not angry at first, but became so after a while. (=angry)
Has she finished reading the book? I hope so. (=that she has finished reading the book)
He is a great friend of mine and I hope he will always reamain so. (=a great friend of mine)
Is he the best student in the class?—I think so. (=that he is…)
I think not. (=that he is not …I don’t think he is… Perhaps not.)
They will return at the weekend.
I am afraid not. (=that he will not return at the weekend)
Please come if you can. If not (=If you can’t come), call me up.
—I was ill last week. — If so, why didn’t you tell me.

（三） do so, do that和do it的替代
do so可以替代動(dòng)詞加賓語，也可以替代動(dòng)詞加狀語，so可以用it或that所取代，it指具體事物，that表示較重的口氣。
例如：
She said she would go with me, but she didn’t do so. ( go with me)
Just finish off watering the flowers. And let me know when you’ve done so.(=finished off watering the flowers)
Henry is going to make the experiment and he wanted me to do it, too. (=make the experiment)
They played cards after supper and I watched them do that. (play cards).

(四)one和that作替代詞的區(qū)別
one替代人和物，that只能代替物;one只能替代可數(shù)名詞，that可替代可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞；one可以前有置或后置定語，that只能有后置定語；one (不加定義)表示泛指，that表示特指。
例如：
I have a brother, one in the army.
Look at the picture, that on the wall.
The novel is an interesting as the one (或that) I read last year.
The weather here is colder than that in Beijing.
This is a red pen, and I have three other blue ones.
The music is as sweet as that we heard yesterday.
A poem written by an American poet is usually harder to understand than one by a Chinese poet.

八、 不用替代詞的省略
（一） 主語及主語和部分謂語的省略
例如：(It) Sounds funny.
(He) Who breaks pays.
(It is) Very kind of you to help me.
(I’m) Sorry, the line is busy.
(I’ve) Got it.

(二)助動(dòng)詞的省略
例如：（Do） You understand?
(Have) Children done their homework?

(三)There be的省略
例如：
（There’s） Nothing wrong with the machine.
(Is there )Anything I can do for you?
(四)祈使句和感嘆句中的省略，祈使句通常省略主語you
例如：Close the window!
Don’t be afraid!
You read the text!
What a wide river ( it is)!

(五)在某些虛擬語氣中可以省略should
例如：
He ordered that the soldiers ( should) put out the lights immediately.
It is important that we (should) study science and technology.

（六）介詞在某些詞組中的省略 *
be busy (in)doing
忙于做
occupy oneself (in) doing
從事于…
employ oneself (in) doing
從事于
pass (in) doing
花…做…
have a hard time (in) doing
做…很難
prevent… (from) doing
阻止…做
have difficulty (in) doing
做…有困難
spend… (in) doing
花…做…
have fun (in) doing
做…開心
stop… (from) doing
阻止…做
have trouble (in) doing
做…有麻煩
take …(in) doing
帶…去做…
lose no time (in) doing
不失時(shí)機(jī)做
waste… (in) doing
做…浪費(fèi)

【例題精講】
1. The percentage of women who would stay at home full-time, ________ they could afford it, dropped from 39 percent in 1981 to 31 percent in this survey.
A. if B. until C. even if D. as
考點(diǎn)： 狀語從句
分析： “那些全職待在家里的媽媽們，……..他們能負(fù)擔(dān)起的話，”中間表示條件關(guān)系，意為“如果媽媽們能負(fù)擔(dān)得起話”，所以選擇if
2. You’ve switched the machine off. I told you not to, ________?
A. didn’t I B. haven’t you C. will you D. did I
考點(diǎn)： 反義疑問句
分析： 注意反義后句， I told you not to， 所以用didn’t I
3. The company wasted ________ investing in out of date technology.
A. a million pound B. millions of pounds
C. several millions of pound D. a million of pounds
考點(diǎn)： 數(shù)詞
分析： 句意為“這個(gè)家公司浪費(fèi)了幾百萬投資過時(shí)的技術(shù)” millions of +名詞復(fù)數(shù)/ 數(shù)詞+million +名詞復(fù)數(shù) 選項(xiàng)C 中several 表示約數(shù)，相當(dāng)于數(shù)字，應(yīng)該為several million pound 所以正確答案為 B millions of pounds
4.Television has many advantages. It keep us ________ about the ________ news, and also provides entertainment in the home.
A. informed; latest B. to know; later C. learning; latter D. to think; late
考點(diǎn)： 非謂語動(dòng)詞
分析： keep sb doing , 讓某人一直做某事
keep sb +非謂語動(dòng)詞，非謂語動(dòng)詞的形式取決于動(dòng)詞和sb之間的關(guān)系
inform 和sb之間的關(guān)系是被動(dòng)，所以被告知informed
“the …….news”表示最新的信息，所以選擇latest
注意： latter 為形容詞，后者，反義詞—former 表示前者
later 為副詞，后來，稍后
latest 為形容詞，最新的 所以選A
5. It’s difficult to say ________ this portrait was painted by.
A. how B. whose C. that D. who
考點(diǎn)： 賓語從句連詞
分析： say 后接賓語， 賓語從句缺少by的賓語，所以選D
6. Helen had to pay extra at the airport because she had ________.
A. much too luggage B. too many pieces of luggages
C. too much luggage D. too many luggages
考點(diǎn)：不可數(shù)名詞的修飾
分析： Henlen不得不付額外的費(fèi)用，因?yàn)樗刑嗟男欣睢?br /> 注意： too much 表示“太多”修飾不可數(shù)名詞
much too 表示“太”修飾副詞或者形容詞 所以正確答案為A
7. ________, you can’t come in here unless you’re a club member.
A. Strictly speaking B. Considering carefully
C. Spoken strictly D. Carefully considered
考點(diǎn)： 搭配
分析： “嚴(yán)格來說”應(yīng)該為Strictly speaking.
類似的表達(dá)“一般來說”， generally speaking （副詞+ 非謂語動(dòng)詞）所以正確答案A
8. I’ll wait here until 6:00, so ________ here by then.
A. try and be B. trying to get C. you to come D. to be sure to
reach
考點(diǎn)： 并列句
分析： so 為連詞，并列句，所以前后都是完整的句子， 選A 祈使句
9. Tony finished his meal, ________ the bill, and left the restaurant.
A. paying B. to check C. checking D. paid
考點(diǎn)： 動(dòng)詞適當(dāng)形式
分析： 句中and 表示并列連詞，說明都是并列的謂語動(dòng)詞sb did sth , did sth and did sth
10. The palace is heavily guarded, because inside its walls ________.
A. where sit the European leaders B. sit the European leaders
C. the European leaders there sit D. that the European leaders sit
考點(diǎn)： 倒裝句
分析，方位副詞或者介詞放在句首，需要全倒裝。謂語動(dòng)詞提前 所以正確答案為B

【鞏固練習(xí)】
選擇最佳選項(xiàng)
1. When first ________ to the market, these products enjoyed great success.　　
A. introducing B. introduced C. introduce D. being introduced
2. It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when ________ at the meeting by my boss.　　
A. questioning B. having questioned C. questioned D. to be questioned
3. The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if ________ whether he was going in the right direction.
A. seeing B. having seen C. to have seen D. to see
4. Generally speaking, ________ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.
A. when taking B. when taken C. when to take D. when to be taken
5. Unless ________ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.
A. invited B. inviting C. being invited D. having invited
6. When ________, the museum will be open to the public next year.
A. completed B. completing C. being completed D. to be completed
7. Though ________ money, his parents man-aged to send him to university.　　
A. lacked B. lacking of C. lacking D. lacked in
8. The research is so designed that once ________ nothing can be done to change it. 　　
A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun
9. -- You 're always working. Come on, let's go shopping.
-- ________ you ever want to do is going shopping.
　　A. Anything B. Something C. All D. That
10. Is this the reason ________ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?　　
A. he explained B. what he explained
C. how he explained D. why he explained
【答案】1-5 BCDBA 6-10 AADCA
課堂訓(xùn)練：
選擇最佳選項(xiàng)
11. What surprised me was not what he said but ________ he said it.
A. the way B. in the way that C. in the way D. the way which
12. It is easy to do the repair. ________ you need is a hammer and some nails.　　
A. Something B. All C. Both D. Everything
13. That's an unpleasant thing to say about your father after ________ he's done for you.
A. something B. anything C. all D. that
14. As you've never been there before, I'll have someone ________ you the way. 　　
A. to show B. show C. showing D. showed
15. -- I'll be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat?
-- Not at all, ________.
A. I have no time B. I'd rather not C. I'd like it D. I'd be happy to
16. -- Does your brother intend to study German?
-- Yes, he intends ________.
A. / B. to C. so D. that
17. -- Would you like to go to the Grand Theatre with me tonight?
-- ________ .
A. Yes, I'd like to go to the Grand Theatre
B. I'd like to, but I have an exam tomorrow
C. No, I won't
D. That's right
18. --You should have thanked her before you left.
--I meant ________ , but when I was leaving I couldn't find her anywhere.　　
A. to do B. to C. doing D. doing to
19. ________ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge. 　　
A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will
20. ________ for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the films so often. 　　
A. If it is not B. Were C. Had it not been D. If they were not


閱讀
There are times when you find yourself unable to work out a problem. It is at this __31__ that the way in which you use your teacher is important. With a good teacher, such times should be less _-32__ than with a bad one; so the worse the teacher, the more responsibility you have for your __33__! Whatever your luck in this __34__, one thing is most significant and stays the same. Whatever the quality of teaching you __35__: if there is something you don’t understand, you must ask, again and again if necessary, until you do understand it –fully. __36__ though this may seem, it is almost unbelievable how many people would rather sit in silent __37__ than admit not understanding. To behave in such a way is the only truly __38__ thing a student can do; it’s a false form of pride, which is the most useless, damaging quality anyone can have, to say nothing of a student! __39__, regard your teacher as a guide or even a friend and do not sit __40__ wondering what he’s going on about.

31. A. course B. point C. thought D. opportunity
32. A. lucky B. remote C. frequent D. comfortable
33. A. mood B. image C. intention D. success
34. A. field B. period C. respect D. direction
35. A. offer B. describe C. arrange D. receive
36. A. Likely B. Obvious C. Difficult D. Suitable
37. A. ignorance B. depression C. nervousness D. disapproval
38. A. safe B. simple C. strange D. stupid
39. A. Otherwise B. Furthermore C. Therefore D. Nevertheless
40. A. quietly B. honestly C. separately D. gently

【答案】11-15 AACBD 16-20 BBBBC
31-35 BCDCD 36-40 BADCA

一、重點(diǎn)詞匯復(fù)習(xí)
定語從句省略
狀語從句省略
名詞性從句省略
不定式to的省略
復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)中to的省略
其他固定結(jié)構(gòu)中的省略
二、高中省略（ellipsis）的重點(diǎn)

省略








課后鞏固
Directions: Complete the passage with the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. produce B. horrible C. orders D. tense E. shape F. experienced
G. haste H. live I. minimize J. supply K. borrow

An Adapted Transcript from Matilda Ho's Ted Speech
In China, where everyone and everything is in a hurry, you need to outperform over 1.3 billion other people to build a better life. When it comes to food, impatience can have serious consequences. In the (43) to grow more, sell more, 4,000 years of agriculture in a country of rich natural resources is spoiled by the overuse of chemicals and pesticides. The stories around food are (44) and somewhat overwhelming, and I told myself it's time to bring a mindful patience into the impatience.
When I say mindful patience, I mean knowing how to act while waiting. And so, while I wait for the day when a sustainable food system becomes a reality in China, I launched one of China's first online farmers market to bring local, organically grown (45) to families. When we went (46) , we had no fruit and hardly any meat to sell, as none that was sent to the lab passed our zero tolerance test towards pesticides, chemicals, antibiotics and hormones. I told our (47) employees that we would not give up until we've met every local farmer in China.
Today, we (48) types of food from 57 local farmers. As a matter of fact, only two hours away from Shanghai, on an island that even Google Maps was not able to locate, we found a place where cows eat grass and roam free under the blue sky. Besides, we deliver our customers’ (49) in as fast as three hours on electric vehicles, and we use reusable boxes to (50) our environmental footprint.
I have no doubt that our offerings will continue to grow, but it will take time, and I know a lot more people are needed to (51) the future of good food. So last year, I founded China's first food tech accelerator and VC platform to help start-ups.
So, you may still ask: Why are you trying to build a sustainable food system by driving a patient movement in a country where it’s almost a crime to take it slow? Because, we do not inherit the earth from our ancestors. We (52) it from our children.

【答案】43-47 GBAHD 48-52 JCIEK
【解析】
43.考察名詞。In the haste to do sth. 匆忙做某事，前文提到在中國(guó)，萬事萬物都處于匆忙的狀態(tài)之下，而在生產(chǎn)食品方面的缺少耐心會(huì)帶來嚴(yán)重的后果，所以選G
44.考查形容詞。根據(jù)前一句提到為了生長(zhǎng)乃至賣得更多，化學(xué)藥品以及殺蟲劑在中國(guó)被過度使用，并且與and后的overwhelming相對(duì)應(yīng)，故選B
45.考查名詞。produce除了動(dòng)詞生產(chǎn)的意思以外，還可以做名詞表示產(chǎn)品。此句句意為，我發(fā)起了中國(guó)第一家線上農(nóng)民市場(chǎng)從而將當(dāng)?shù)赜袡C(jī)生長(zhǎng)的產(chǎn)品帶入家庭之中。選A
46.考查形容詞。句意為當(dāng)我們的項(xiàng)目上線的時(shí)候，我們沒有水果也幾乎沒有肉類可以售賣，選H
47.考查形容詞。根據(jù)前一句，我們可知作者的線上項(xiàng)目進(jìn)展并不順利，所以此句是作者告訴他們緊張的員工們不要放棄，選D
48.考查謂語動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)句意，如今我們供應(yīng)240種食物，選J
49.考查名詞。根據(jù)句意，我們使用電動(dòng)車派送顧客的訂單，保證3小時(shí)以內(nèi)送達(dá)，選C
50.考查動(dòng)詞。此處提到了reusable boxes可回收的盒子，可知與環(huán)保有關(guān)，最小化我們的碳足跡。選I
51.考查動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)句意，我確信可提供的產(chǎn)品會(huì)持續(xù)增加，但是這需要時(shí)間，我也知道我們需要更多的人一起塑造健康食品的未來，選E
52.考查謂語動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)前后句意，我們不是從祖先那里繼承地球，我們其實(shí)是從后代那里借用地球。borrow sth. from sb. ，選K

III. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrases that best fits the context
By the end of the 20 century, TV show producers had begun to tun to the cheapest performers available--their audience. It seemed that anyone who wanted fame could（53） it. And some people wanted it far too much.
Richard and Mayumi Heene,（54） , launched a large balloon 2,000 meters into the air and then called a TV network to say that their six-year-old son, Falcon, was inside it. Planes were re-routed and Denver International Airport was briefly（55） . However, Falcon was later found to have been hiding in the family's garage the whole time. The “balloon boy” turned out to be a hoax(騙局) and the Heenes were（56） of doing it in the hope of landing their own reality TV. Instead, they got a fine and a short sentence each-but they were certainly （57）
for a while.
So do we want fame? Research suggests that a large number of us do. According to one recent survey, 30 percent of adults regularly daydream about being famous and 40 percent of us expect to（58） some kind of fame in our lifetimes. Perhaps a better question is: should we want to be famous? Do we really want every（59） of our private lives exposed on newspapers and discussed on television? Some people, such as talent show contestant Susan Boyle, seem（60） to deal with this kind of pressure , despite their talent. Boyle gained international fame for her extraordinary singing voice after appearing on TV talent show Britain’s Got Talent and her first album became the fastest-selling of all time in the UK. But the sudden fame didn't seem easy for her at first, and after the final of the show, Boyle was（61） to private psychiatric clinic. Furthermore, people who achieve fame often don 't seem to like it once they have it. A survey of celebrities found that they worry about the press, critics, threatening letters, the lack of privacy and the（62） on their children. These are hardly worries that （63） people have to deal with. They also,（64） , worry about what would happen if they were no longer famous. And there are plenty of people to ask about that. Take Donato Dalrymple for example, a fisherman who rescued a boy from the sea and enjoyed the media spotlight for several months afterwards. When it ended, however, he（65） his job as a toilet cleaner. "I know I'm a nobody. he said when the attention had（66） .
When the person has to go back to everyday life, there's a sense of（67） ,loss and being cheated out of something, says Dr Robert Cancro of the New York University School of Medicine.
53.A. envy B. interval C. afford D. get
54.A.for example B. on the other hand C. in contrast D.in comparison
55.A. shut down B. searched through C. sent off D. looked into
56.A. charged B. accused C. convinced D. warned
57.A. supported B. ashamed C. crazy D. famous
58.A. involve B. increase C. beat D. experience
59.A. arrangement B. aspect C. variety D. zone
60.A. terrific B. bad-tempered C. ill-equipped D. amazed
61.A. accessible B. admitted C. used D. crowded
62.A. weight B. influence C. benefit D. energy
63.A. intelligent B. well-known C. common D. considerate
64.A. accidentally B. fortunately C. ironically D. understandably
65.A. held up B. gave up C. decided on D. returned to
66.A. disappeared B. arisen C. been paid D. grown
67.A. moderate B. achievement C. disappointment D. direction

【答案】53-57 DAABD 58-62 DBCBB 63-67 CCDAC
【解析】
53.考查上下文聯(lián)系。上文提到節(jié)目制作人開始找普通的群眾去演出節(jié)目。因此這里指的是“看起來任何想要出名的人都能出名”，空后的“it”指代“出名”所以這里選擇D。
54.考查上下文聯(lián)系。上文提到了任何人都可以出名，下文提到這兩個(gè)人為了出名所做的事情，因此是在舉例證明前面的內(nèi)容。所以答案是A
55.考查詞義和句意。緊接上文，例子中提到的兩個(gè)人由于私自放飛氣球?qū)е潞桨嚓P(guān)閉，因此選擇A
56.考查詞義。由于兩人的行為造成了巨大的社會(huì)事故，因此兩人收到了指控。所以答案選擇B。
57.考查上下文聯(lián)系。兩人雖然受到了懲罰，但是也達(dá)到了自己的目的。他們的目的就是為了能夠出名，所以答案選擇D
58.考查上下文聯(lián)系。研究表明普通人都想出名。所以這里選擇D，表示“經(jīng)歷”。
59.考查詞義。成為名人有好處但是也有缺點(diǎn)。名人的很多私信隱私都會(huì)被暴露出來。這里指各個(gè)方面的隱私。因此答案算則B。
60.考查詞義。由于隱私受到大家的關(guān)注，有人能夠處理但是有人卻處理不當(dāng)。后面講到例子中的人曾經(jīng)去醫(yī)院接受過治療，很顯然她并不擅長(zhǎng)處理這種情況，因此選擇C，表示“先天不足的”。
61.考查詞義。他不擅長(zhǎng)處理這種被媒體曝光的情況，因此接受了治療，這是一個(gè)事實(shí)“be admitted to”，有承認(rèn)的意思。因此答案為B
62.考查上下文聯(lián)系。這里講到的出名對(duì)于名人不好的影響，所以只能選擇B。
63.考查上下文聯(lián)系。這些煩惱都是名人的煩惱，而一般人是不會(huì)有這些煩惱的。因此選擇“common”，表示普通人。
64.考查上下文聯(lián)系。前面提到由于出名這些名人非常的煩惱，但是后面又講到他們同時(shí)擔(dān)心自己不出名了會(huì)增么樣。這是一件非常諷刺的事情，因此答案是“C”。
65.考查上下文聯(lián)系。出名之后由于沒有后續(xù)的熱點(diǎn)所以很快就會(huì)失去關(guān)注，最后回到起點(diǎn)。所以這里指救人的人又回到之前的工作崗位上。
66.考查詞義。名氣過時(shí)之后就會(huì)沒人關(guān)注，因此這里表示名氣過時(shí)用A，“消失”。
67.考查詞義。從出名到無人關(guān)注，當(dāng)然會(huì)感到失望，因此答案是C。

Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read
(A)
The owner of an Alabama Chinese restaurant named “Good Friend” shot at a customer who complained about a fly in her eggroll Thursday night. The bullet narrowly missed 20-year-old Birmingham resident Jatari Walker who told the Daily News she is scared by the entire experience.?
“I can’t sleep,” she said Saturday afternoon. “And since it happened, I’ve had no appetite.”
Walker ordered a combination platter and eggroll from the Good Friend Chinese and Seafood Restaurant on Dennison Ave on Thursday evening. After paying her $7 bill she went back to her car and discovered a fly inside. “I thought I need to take this back,” she said.?
The customer went back and asked for a repayment and said the owner Chun HinChing, 52, was unhappy with her because she announced her discovery in front of other customers. After an argument he repaid the money and Walker — who is now a former frequent customer of the business — turned and walked to the exit.?
That’s when Ching drew a handgun and fired a single shot over her head.?
“He just shot the gun at me and I ran,” she said, adding that she could feel the bullet whiz（颼颼掠過）past her head.?
Birmingham Police Department spokesman Lt. Sean Edwards told the News the owner was charged with attempted murder and was transported to Jefferson County Jail on $100,000 bail（保釋金）.
Police believe Ching intended to hit Walker with the bullet and missed. The bullet hit the top of the door frame of the take-out business. “Ching did not tell police why he fired at Walker.” Edwards said, “Also, he did not say why he had a weapon, but it was not uncommon for stores in that neighborhood.”
No one was injured from the gunshot, and calls placed to the restaurant Saturday afternoon were not answered.

68. What happened on Thursday night in Good Friend Chinese and Seafood Restaurant?
A. A fire broke out but luckily no one was injured.
B. The restaurant owner refused to repay the money.
C. The egg rolls caused sickness among some customers.
D. A young woman narrowly escaped being killed by a bullet.

69．Why did Walker go back to the restaurant after buying the food？
A. Because she left her car key in the restaurant．
B. Because she discovered a fly in the egg roll．
C. Because she forgot to take the combination platter．
D. Because she found the owner charged her too much．

70. The restaurant owner fired on Walker when___ .
A. she was about to leave??????????????????
B. she was arguing with him?
C. she asked for a repayment??????????????
D. she announced her discovery

71. We can learn from the passage that___ .
A. this is the first time for Walker to buy food from Good Friend Restaurant?
B. the owner was unhappy with the complaint and refused to repay the money?
C. it is common for a restaurant owner in that neighborhood to have a weapon?
D. if someone had been hit，Ching'd have been charged with attempted murder．

【答案】68.D 69.B 70.A 71.C
【分析】
68. D??細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句The bullet narrowly missed 20-year-old Birmingham resident Jatari Walker who told the Daily News she is scarred by the entire experience?？芍狫atari Walker僥幸逃脫。故D正確．
69.?B??細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從第三段的句子After paying her $7 bill she went back to her car and discovered a fly inside．可知因?yàn)樗陔u蛋卷里發(fā)現(xiàn)了一只蒼蠅．故B正確．
70.?A??細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句After an argument he repaid the money and Walker-who is now a former frequent customer of the business-turned and walked to the exit．及第五段可知她正要離開的時(shí)候．故A正確．
71.?C??推理判斷題．根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第三段He said Ching did not say why he had a weapon but added it was not uncommon for stores in that neighborhood. 可知在那附近飯店主人擁有武器是正常的．故C正確．

(B)
For many health-conscious people, bread is a little slice of hell. Shelves of multigrain loaves or friends passing around sourdough(酵母面包) starters and attaching the word artisanal（手工藝 性的) to the ancient combination of yeast(酵母), flour and water-have led consumers to believe whole grain bread is healthier than industrial white bread. That trend has made for a lot of expensive sandwiches.
Fortunately, a new study by researchers at the Weizmann Institute of Science is here to cut through the confusion. In the study, published in Cell Metabolism, researchers randomized 20 participants to consume either processed white bread or artisanal whole wheat sourdough in order to compare the effects of each on the body.
Before the study started, all participants consumed the same amount of white and nonwhite bread for several days. Then each group ate, on average, at least 100 grams of bread--three to four day for one week. After a two-week break, the groups switched types for another bread-laden week. The total amount of calories the participants consumed remained constant for the duration of the study.
The researchers were surprised by what they found. "There were no clinically significant differences between the effects of these two types of bread on whatever we measured, "said computational biologist Eran Segal, senior author of the study in a statement. Those measured included glucose(葡萄糖) levels upon waking, fat and cholesterol(膽固醇) levels, the amounts of essential minerals in the bloodstream and several indicators of tissue damage. Segal and colleagues examined 20 variables and found not one notable differences between the white bread eaters and the artisanal bread eaters. The key finding: It wasn't that both breads had no effect on the body. Rather, they both did equal damage. As it tums out, half the participants had a higher glycemic response to industrial white bread, and half had the higher response to artisanal sourdough bread.
The researchers also found that which bread was best for you can be predicted based on the bacteria present in your body. They found that the "profile"the variety of bacterial species--correlated with the glycemic response to each bread. The small size of the study means the results should be considered preliminary. The researchers hope to study these predictors more carefully as a potential way to improve nutritional recommendations, says biologist Avraham Levy another study co-author.
In short, the study provides vital evidence that we need to stop judging each other in the supermarket bread aisle.

75. Why does the author use "fortunately"at the beginning of the second paragraph?
A. The study has made great breakthroughs in finding what matters in bread.
B. The study can deepen people's understanding of the advantages of yeast.
C. The study is conducted by researchers specializing in food and nutrition.
D. The study shows you needn't spend so much money on wholegrain bread.

76. What can be concluded from the study mentioned in the passage?
A. Both white bread and nonwhite bread may do harm to our health.
B. People respond similarly to white bread but differently to nonwhite bread.
C. White bread and wholegrain bread produce no immediate effect on body.
D. White bread eaters and artisanal bread eaters report different body responses.

77. The findings need more research because of .
A. the theory they are based on
B. the number of participants
C. the method of the experiments
D. the duration of the study

78.Which of the following is the author most likely to agree with?
A. It's better to stick to ancient ways of making bread.
B. Supermarkets should label the bread that may do harm.
C. There is no need to choose bread due to its ingredients.
D. Bread must be free of bacteria for the sake of our health.

【答案】75D. 76.A 77.B 78.C
【解析】
75.根據(jù)后文研究成果表明“not one notable differences between the white bread eaters and the artisanal bread eaters. ”可知兩種面包并沒有明顯差異，因此不需要花更多錢去買 wholegrain bread，選項(xiàng)D正確。
76.根據(jù)第四段“The key finding: It wasn't that both breads had no effect on the body. Rather, they both did equal damage.”可知選項(xiàng)A正確。
77.根據(jù)原文倒數(shù)第二段“The small size of the study means the results should be considered preliminary. ”可知選項(xiàng)B正確。
78.根據(jù)全文大意可知，兩種面包雖然成分不同，但對(duì)身體的效果是沒有明顯區(qū)別的，甚至都對(duì)身體有相同的傷害，與選項(xiàng)C“There is no need to choose bread due to its ingredients”表述的意思符合，其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)在文中并無體現(xiàn)。


IV. Translation (15%)
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
83. 重要的是我們要學(xué)會(huì)明辨是非。（matter v.）
【答案】：What matters is that we should learn to tell right from away
【解析】考點(diǎn)：重要的是…what matters is that的句型，明辨是非的翻法：tell right from wrong
84. 現(xiàn)代技術(shù)的引進(jìn)被證明是十分成功的。（prove）
【答案】The introduction of modern technology proved successful
【解析】考點(diǎn)：prove的用法，1. prove+名詞或代詞 2. prove+賓語+賓補(bǔ)（to be通?？梢允÷裕?3. prove sth to sb 4.prove+賓語從句
85. 實(shí)驗(yàn)的失敗被認(rèn)為是研究人員缺乏經(jīng)驗(yàn)。(regard)
【答案】The failure of the experiment is regarded as the researcher’s lack of experience.
【解析】考點(diǎn)：be regarded as被認(rèn)作為…，lack的用法，作及物動(dòng)詞 lack sth，作名詞 the lack of，作形容詞 be lacking in
86. 直到被匆忙送進(jìn)醫(yī)院他才意識(shí)到健康飲食的重要。（rush, aware）
【答案】He wasn’t aware of the importance of a healthy diet until he was rushed to hospital.
【解析】考點(diǎn)：詞組用法：be aware of意識(shí)到，be rushed to 被匆忙送到…，被急速送往…
87. 據(jù)報(bào)道，由于農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)的發(fā)展，不少農(nóng)戶從中獲益匪淺。（benefit）
【答案】It is reported that due to development of farming technologies, many farming families have benefited a lot from it.
【解析】考點(diǎn)：據(jù)報(bào)道的句型：It is reported that…，從…中獲益匪淺：benefit a lot from…。拓展：開卷有益：benefit a lot from reading books

V. Guided Writing
Directions: Write an English composition in 80-100 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
高中的校園生活豐富多彩，有些人認(rèn)為高中生應(yīng)多參加各種校內(nèi)外活動(dòng)，也有人認(rèn)為高中生還是應(yīng)該將精力放在學(xué)業(yè)上。請(qǐng)談?wù)勀銓?duì)此的看法。

【參考范文】
Comparing the various activities on campus with the importance of study, we should, in my opinion, keep a balance between both of them.
It is necessary for us to work hard as it is the most important thing a student should do. Besides learning, however, we could also take part in all sorts of activities, which could widen our view for both society and ourselves. When it comes to our future, taking part in social activities could largely improve our physical and mental abilities, doing great good to our comprehensive development.
Thus, there is no such rules that students should only work hard or taking parting in activities. We should maintain a balance between them to have the best advantages to us.

預(yù)習(xí)思考.
觀察下列10個(gè)句子，你能發(fā)現(xiàn)什么規(guī)律？ 可以仿照著寫一寫。

1.I like the trees that \which were planted last spring.
=I like the trees planted last spring.
2.A letter which \that is written in pencil is hard to read.
=A letter written in pencil is hard to read.
3.Have you bought the book which /that was referred to last week?
=Have you bought the book referred to last week?
4.Finally he reached a lonely island that \which was completely cut off from the outside world.
=Finally, he reached a lonely island completely cut off from the outside world.
5.I like the second football match which /that was held last week.
=I like the second football match held last week.
6. The flowers which were planted last year are now grow well.
=The flowers planted last year are now grow well.
7.We all like the songs which/ that are sung by Songzuying.
=We all like the songs sung by Songzuying.
8.I heard a piece of good news that/ which was announced by our monitor.
=I heard a piece of good news announced by our monitor.
9. Many young people who were well-educated headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.
=Many young well-educated people headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.
10.We hope the measures to control house prices, which are taken by the government, will succeed.
=We hope the measures to control house prices, taken by the government, will succeed.


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