上教版高中英語第二冊期中復(fù)習(xí)-基礎(chǔ)班同步講義（教師版+學(xué)生版）-課件下載-教習(xí)網(wǎng)

引入：
1. —Does your brother intend to study German?
　—Yes, he intends ________ .
A. / B. to C. so D. that
2. —Would you like to go to the Grand Theatre with me tonight?
　— ________ .
A. Yes, I'd like to go to the Grand Theatre
B. I'd like to, but I have an exam tomorrow
C. No, I won't
D. That's right

3. —You should have thanked her before you left.
　—I meant ________ , but when I was leaving I couldn't find her anywhere.　　
A. to do B. to C. doing D. doing to

4. ________ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge. 　　
A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will

5. ________ for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the films so often. 　　
A. If it is not B. Were C. Had it not been D. If they were not
【答案】1—5 BBBBC

知識點一、分詞
【知識梳理】
一、分詞作定語：
定語用來修飾名詞或代詞。形容詞、副詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞或名詞所有格、介詞短語、不定式、從句或相當(dāng)于形容詞的詞或短語等都可以擔(dān)任定語。因為定語是修飾名詞或代詞的，而名詞和代詞可以作主語、表語和賓語，所以定語的位置很靈活。
The black bike is mine.主語（形容詞作定語）
（這輛黑色的自行車是我的。）
Have you ever met anyone famous?賓語（形容詞作后置定語）
（你曾經(jīng)遇到過名人嗎？）
說明：當(dāng)形容詞修飾由every-，some-，any-，no-，以及與-thing，-body，-one構(gòu)成的合成詞時須后置。
They made paper flowers.賓語（名詞作定語）
（他們制作紙花。）
The boys in the room are in Class Three Grade One.主語（介詞短語作定語）
（房間里的男孩們是一年級三班的。）
I have something to do.賓語（不定式作后置定語）
（我還有一些事要去做。）
She bought three books.賓語（數(shù)詞作定語）
（她買了三本書。）
說明：不定式修飾名詞時，一般放在名詞后面，作后置定語。
She is a nice person to work with.（她是一個不錯的工作伙伴。）

下面講動詞-ing和動詞-ed形式做定語的用法。
首先說明的是動詞-ing既可以是動名詞，也可以是現(xiàn)在分詞，因為二者長得一模一樣，因此，在學(xué)習(xí)時要根據(jù)具體的語法意義來判斷。一般來說，在表示名詞屬性時它是動名詞，比如 a running car （一輛跑車）；強調(diào)正在發(fā)生的動作時則屬于現(xiàn)在分詞，比如 a running car (一輛正在奔跑的車)。過去分詞不存在這種情況，無需區(qū)分。

二、動詞-ing形式作定語
1. 動詞-ing形式作定語時，表示所修飾詞的用途，它的位置一般是在它所修飾的詞的前面。
dining room餐廳
drinking water飲用水
reading room閱覽室
sitting room起居室
sleeping car臥鋪車廂
smoking room吸煙室
threshing ground打谷場
waiting room候車室
walking stick手杖
writing desk寫字臺

2. 如果是單個的動詞-ing形式作定語，往往位于它所修飾的詞的前面；如果是動詞-ing短語作定語，則要放在它所修飾的詞的后面。
The swimming boy is my younger brother.正在游泳的男孩是我的弟弟。
（swimming是單個的動詞-ing形式作定語，修飾boy。）
This is the path leading to the school.這就是通往學(xué)校的小路。
（leading to the school是動詞-ing短語作定語，修飾the path。）

3.動詞-ing形式作定語時，含有進行和主動的意思。
A.動詞-ing形式作定語表示現(xiàn)在正發(fā)生的動作。
The man running over there is our chairman.
=The man who is running over there is our chairman.正在朝那邊跑的那個人是我們的主席。
The boy reading under a tree is an orphan.
=The boy who is reading under a tree is an orphan.正在樹下看書的那個男孩是一個孤兒。
I know the young man sleeping on the bench.
=I know the young man who is sleeping on the bench.我認識正在長凳上睡覺的那個年輕人。
B.被修飾的名詞與動詞-ing形式在邏輯上存在主謂關(guān)系。
The road joining the two villages is very wide.
=The road that joins the two villages is very wide.連接這兩個村莊的路非常寬。
They lived in a room facing north thirty years ago.
=They lived in a room which faced north thirty years ago.30年前，他們住在朝北的房間里。
注意：動詞-ing形式作定語，一般不表示在謂語動詞所表示動作之前或之后發(fā)生的動作。
（正）The man who came yesterday comes again.（定語從句）
（誤）The man coming yesterday comes in.（動詞-ing形式）
昨天來過的那個人又來了。
（the man的定語“昨天來過的”所表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞所表示動作comes之前，此時不用動詞-ing形式，而要用定語從句來作the man的定語，表示這個過去發(fā)生的動作。）
The students to attend the meeting will arrive here tomorrow.（定語從句）
=The students who will attend the meeting will arrive here tomorrow.（定語從句）
要參加會議的學(xué)生們明天到達這里。
4. 動詞-ing形式作定語有限定性和非限定性兩種情況。
限定性動詞-ing形式前后都沒有逗號，而非限定性動詞-ing形式后面有逗號。有時，這兩種形式的句子有很大的區(qū)別。
His brother working as a teacher lives in Tianjin.（說明他不止有一個兄弟。）
=His brother who works as a teacher lives in Tianjin.
他當(dāng)老師的哥哥住在天津。
His brother,working as a teacher,lives in Tianjin.（說明他只有一個兄弟。）
他的哥哥是個老師，住在天津。

三、過去分詞作定語
1.過去分詞作定語時的位置
A.當(dāng)單個的過去分詞作定語時，一般位于所修飾的名詞之前，但有時為了強調(diào)動作，也可放在它所修飾詞的后面。
Look at the broken glasses.（過去分詞+名詞）看看那些碎了的玻璃杯。
All the phones broken have been repaired.（名詞+過去分詞）所有壞掉的電話都已經(jīng)修好了。
B.當(dāng)過去分詞短語作定語時，位于被修飾名詞的后面。
I have a radio made in China.我有一臺國產(chǎn)的收音機。
The little girl dressed in white is Mary.穿白衣服的小姑娘是瑪麗。
比較：一般來講，及物動詞的動詞-ing形式修飾事物，其過去分詞修飾人。
a surprising result一個驚人的結(jié)果
surprised girls吃驚的姑娘們
tiring music煩人的音樂
a tired man一個疲倦的人
When they heard the exciting news,they got excited.Then the excited people shouted loudly and cheered.當(dāng)他們聽到這一激動人心的消息時，他們變得激動起來。然后這些激動的人們大聲地叫喊、歡呼。
2.使用過去分詞作定語的場合
因為過去分詞只有一種形式，而它又包含完成和被動意味，所以只要符合下列條件便可使用過去分詞作定語。
A.過去分詞表示的動作在謂語動詞表示的動作之前發(fā)生。
This is a picture painted by my father.（painted所表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞is之前。）
=This is a picture that was painted by my father.這是一張我父親畫的畫。
The letter mailed last night will reach him tomorrow.
=The letter that was mailed last night will reach him tomorrow.
昨晚寄出的那封信，明天將會到他的手中。
At the party I met my schoolmate just returned from Africa.
=At the party I met my schoolmate who had just returned from Africa.
在聚會上我遇見了剛剛從非洲回來的一個校友。
People like the Great Wall built about two thousand years ago.
人們喜歡大約兩千年前修建的長城。
B.過去分詞表示的動作是沒有一定時間性的。
Goods imported from abroad are not always better than those made in China.
進口的商品并不一定比國產(chǎn)的好。
【例題精講】
1．The next thing he saw was smoke __________ from behind the house．
A．rose B．rising C．to rise D．risen
2．The island, __________ to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to．
A．joining B．to join C．joined D．having joined
3．Sarah pretended to be cheerful, __________ nothing about the argument．
A．says B: said C．to say D．saying
4．Sit down, Emma．You will only make yourself more tired, __________ on your feet．
A．to keep B．keeping C．having kept D．to have kept
5．The rare fish, __________ from the cooking pot, has been returned to the sea．
A．saved B．saving C．to be saved D．having saved
【答案】1-5 BCDBA
【鞏固練習(xí)】
1. It’s no use __________without taking action．
A．complain B．complaining C．being complained D．to be complained
2. Grandma said that she had a lot of trouble _______ your handwriting.
A. to read B. to see C. reading C. in seeing
3．Lydia doesn’t feel like __________abroad． Her parents are old．
A． study B． studying C． studied D．to study
4. One learns a language by making mistakes and __________them.
A. corrects B. correct C. to correct D. correcting
5. When Peter speaks in public, he always has trouble _ the right things to say.
A. thinking of B. to think of C. thought of D. think of
6. China recently tightened its waters controls near the Huangyan Island to prevent Chinese fishing boats from in the South China Sea.
A. attacking B. having attacked C. being attacked D. having been attacked
【答案】1-6 BCBDA C

知識點二、分詞
【知識梳理】
為了使語言簡潔、避免重復(fù)、突出新信息并使上下文緊密連接，人們常把某些詞省略掉，這在英語中是普遍的。
一、并且結(jié)構(gòu)中的省略
（一）省略主語
例如：
She went to the clinic and (she) saw a doctor.
He can speak, but can’t write, Russian.
(He can speak Russian, but can’t write it.)
A high position was offered to him, but (it) was declined.
To some life is pleasure, and to others (life is) suffering.

(二)省略整個謂語或謂語的主要部分
例如：
Either Sally must be responsible for the matter or we’ll be (responsible for the matter).
Dr Waston will meet some visitors this morning and Peter (will meet some visitors) this afternoon.
Bill, and perhaps Phil, will do it, too.( Bill will do it, and perhaps Phi will do it , too.)
Albert needn’t say, but George must (stay).
Smith will (teach modern essay), and Brown might, teach modern essay.
Smith will teach modern essay, and Brown might ( teach modern essay), too.
The text will have been carefully collated and the mistkaes (will have been) corrected by the end of the month.

(三)省略賓語及賓語連同前面的及物動詞一起省略
例如：
Edison invented ( the light bulb), the manufactures produced ( the light bulb), and the inhabitants used, the light bulb.
Laura is ( teaching music), her mother has been ( teaching music), and her sister might also be, teaching music.

(四)省略表語
例如：
They’re more afraid of you than you are of them.
Nigel is (an officer in the navy), and his son will also be, an office in the navy.
George was (interested in the performance), but Jim pretended to be, interested in the performance.

(五)省略狀語
例如：
Mr Oliver teaches (in Cambridge), and his son studies, in Cambridge.
The father speaks but the son only dresses like an Englishman.
= The father speaks, but the son only dresses, like an English.

(六)省略冠詞
例如：
Both the old and (the) young took part in the singing competition.
Is the baby a boy or (a) girl?

(七)省略介詞
例如：
You may go by land or (by) water.
It is a matter of life and (of) death.

(八)省略名詞
例如：
It doesn’t matter whether he is for ( the plan) or against the plan.
It is the listener’s (will) rather than the speaker’s will that is questioned.
注意：指示代詞this, that, these, those為限定詞時，并且名詞的省略。
this (book) and that book
this time and that (time)
these (chairs) and those chairs
these books and those (books)

二、狀語從句中的省略
如果狀語從句的主語和主語一致，而且狀語從句謂語中有be動詞，可以將狀語從句的主語連同be動詞一起省略。

引導(dǎo)這類狀語從句的連詞有：when, while, though, if, unless, although等。其結(jié)構(gòu)式為：連詞+現(xiàn)在分詞/過去分詞/介詞短語/名詞/代詞/副詞/形容詞/從句+主句
例如：
Jacob stared into my eyes while he whispered, as if to communicate something besides the words he spoke.
While ( he was) doing so, he trembled a little.
When ( it is) taken according to the instructions, the drug has no side effects.
He came across the picture while an a visit to New York.
He could write poems when yet a child.
Don’t do it till too late.
He is better than when I last saw him.
I know you better than her.
He hurriedly left the room as though ( he was) very angry.

注意：1）在if it is possible或when it is necessary 等類似結(jié)構(gòu)中，it is?？墒÷?。
If ( it is) possible, we’ll build another railroad in this area.
We’ll have the old house pulled down when necessary.
Put a comma, where needed.
注意2)有些狀語從句似乎有詞省略，卻很難說出省略了哪些詞，特別是一些諺語中，例如：
Once bitten, twice shy.
More haste, less speed.
Out of sight, out of mind.

三、比較結(jié)構(gòu)中的省略
比較結(jié)構(gòu)通常是有些成分被省略，或是省略與主句相同的部分，或是省略在特定下上文或情景中某些不言而喻的部分。
（一）最高級比較結(jié)構(gòu)中的省略或是在一定上下文中省略比較范圍，或是省略最高級后
的名詞。
例如：
Which do you think is the prettiest?
Who lives nearest to school?
—Six juicy orange, please.
—These are our juiciest (oranges).
—I know that kind-they aren’t sweet.
—I’m sorry, they’re the sweetest ( oranges) we’ve got.

(二)as… as和more than
1.省略全部謂語
例如：He had the most beautiful soul, more beautiful than his brilliant mind or his incomparable face or his glorious body.
Clara is more ambitious than I (me非正式文體).
This house is not so expensive as the other one.
2.省略部分謂語
例如：
Wasn’t anybody later than we were?
Jane would do it much more quickly than I would.
3.省略主語和謂語的大部分
例如：
Things are no better than before.
The roads are much quieter here than in Loondon.
He is better than ( he was) when I last visited him.
4.下列比較分句中很難指明省略了什么。
例如：This meat is better than what we had last week.
或：This meat is better than we had last eek.
That is more than the workers could stand.
It’s far more important than how much it costs.
注意：在下列比較狀語從句中可以說是省略了主語，也可以說是由as或than充當(dāng)從句主語。例如：
I don’t think this is any better than was ordered.
He drove faster than was wise.
They stood chatting together as easily and naturally as could be.
二、名詞性從句和定語從句中的省略
（一）名詞性從句中的省略
在非正式文體中，連詞that在主語從句和表語從句中可以省略；連詞that引出從句位于句尾，而用it作形式主語放在句首時，that可以省略；若that引出同位語從句，則that不省略。
例如：It is a pity (that) you missed the sports meeting last week.
That you missed the sports meeting last week is a pity.
The only problem is (that) you can’t eat trees!
I think (that) it will clear up this afternoon.
We’ve just heard a warning on the radio that a hurricane is likely to come.

(二)定語從句中的省略
在限制性定語從句中，作賓語用的關(guān)系代詞who, whom, which，that常常省略。
例如：This is the film (that/ which) I saw last Saturday.
She is the girl (who/whom/that) they were walking about at the party.

(三)關(guān)系副詞that的省略
在限制性定語從句中，that可以充當(dāng)關(guān)系副詞，在從句中作狀語，修飾時間名詞time, moment, day, year,地點名詞place,方式名詞way或原因名詞reason等，可以省略。
例如：Do you remember the time (that) /when we all went to a night club?
Do you know the reason why/ (that)/ for which he was late?
This is the place (that) they swam across the river.
I like the way (that) she did it.
三、動詞不定式符號to的省略
（一）在表示感覺的動詞如：feel, hear, see, watch, observe, listen to, look at, notic以及使役
動詞let, make, have等后面作賓補的不定式要省略to。但如果這些動詞變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)，to不省略。
例如：Harry watched her fly away for a few seconds.
I felt the house shake.
Have you noticed her cry?
He was seen to take the money.
（二）在介詞but, except后的不定式，如介詞前面有實義動詞do，介詞后跟省略to的不定
式，否則，要跟帶to的不定式
例如：They did nothing but complain.
He does everything in the house except put the children to bed.
You have no choice but to wait.
（三）當(dāng)主語部分有實義動詞do時，作表語的不定式可以省略to.
例如：What we can do is (to) continue to wait.
The only thing you have to do is (to) press the button.
(四)在用and或or等連接不定式并且作用相同時，常省略后面不定式to.
例如： She started to shout and cry.
I’d like to lie down and go to sleep.
I wished to finish my business and get away.
She asked you to telephone or wire to her on Monday.
四、不定式符號的單獨使用
為了避免重復(fù)前面已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)過的動詞，可以用不定式符號代替不定式結(jié)構(gòu)，省略后面的部分。這種情況主要用于口語中。
（一） to代替不定式作賓語，常同be afraid, care, expect, forget, hate, hope, intend, mean, need,
like, plan, prefer, refuse, seem, try, want, wish等詞連用。
例如：I asked him to see the film, but he didn’t want to (see the film).
We suggested that she reconsider the matter, but she refused to ( reconsider the matter).
I would mend your radio, but I don’t know how to ( mend it).
（二） to代替不定式作賓語補足語(有時to也可以省略)
例如：We should like Jane to get a good degree but we don’t really expect her to (get it)
If I don’t happen to remember to ring up Mr Smith, would you remind me to?
—May I go out this evening?
—Yes, I’ll allow you (to).
（三）如果不定式是to be, to have done, to have been done,就不能只用不定式符號“to”來替
代被省略的動詞及動詞后的部分，而要用to be, to have, to have been。
例如：Were they informed of the delay of the shipment? — No, but they ought to have been.
Aren’t you director?— No, and I don’t want to be!
Hasn’t he finished the work? — No, but he ought to have.

五、用替代詞的省略
在某些情況下，當(dāng)我們省略掉某個詞、詞組或句子時，還需要用某個替代詞。常用的替代詞有： do (does), so, not, neither, nor, do so, do that, do it, one ones, the same等。
（一） do可用來代替動詞或動詞加其他成分。
例如：
She speaks English more fluently than you do.(=speak English)
She speaks English more fluently than her brother does. (speak English)
Did you see the film? Yes, I did. (=saw the film)
Nelson hoped that they would all do their duty to the country as Englishmen should do.(= should do their duty to the country)
（二） so和not的替代
so可以代替單詞、詞組和句子，作call, expect, hope, do, fear, imagine, suppose, speak, say, tell, think, believe,be afraid, see, notice等的賓語；not代替否定的句子，用法與so相似，并可放在perhaps, probably, absolutely等副詞后。這種用法也可與if連用。
例如： He must be a worker. I imagine so. (=that he is a worker)
She has not angry at first, but became so after a while. (=angry)
Has she finished reading the book? I hope so. (=that she has finished reading the book)
He is a great friend of mine and I hope he will always reamain so. (=a great friend of mine)
— Is he the best student in the class?—I think so. (=that he is…)
I think not. (=that he is not …I don’t think he is… Perhaps not.)
They will return at the weekend.
I am afraid not. (=that he will not return at the weekend)
Please come if you can. If not (=If you can’t come), call me up.
—I was ill last week. — If so, why didn’t you tell me.
（三） do so, do that和do it的替代
do so可以替代動詞加賓語，也可以替代動詞加狀語，so可以用it或that所取代，it指具體事物，that表示較重的口氣。
例如：
She said she would go with me, but she didn’t do so. ( go with me)
Just finish off watering the flowers. And let me know when you’ve done so.(=finished off watering the flowers)
Henry is going to make the experiment and he wanted me to do it, too. (=make the experiment)
They played cards after supper and I watched them do that. (play cards).

(四)one和that作替代詞的區(qū)別
one替代人和物，that只能代替物;one只能替代可數(shù)名詞，that可替代可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞；one可以前有置或后置定語，that只能有后置定語；one (不加定義)表示泛指，that表示特指。
例如：
I have a brother, one in the army.
Look at the picture, that on the wall.
The novel is an interesting as the one (或that) I read last year.
The weather here is colder than that in Beijing.
This is a red pen, and I have three other blue ones.
The music is as sweet as that we heard yesterday.
A poem written by an American poet is usually harder to understand than one by a Chinese poet.

六、不用替代詞的省略
（一）主語及主語和部分謂語的省略
例如：(It) Sounds funny.
(He) Who breaks pays.
(It is) Very kind of you to help me.
(I’m) Sorry, the line is busy.
(I’ve) Got it.
(二)助動詞的省略
例如：（Do） You understand?
(Have) Children done their homework?
(三)There be的省略
例如：
（There’s） Nothing wrong with the machine.
(Is there )Anything I can do for you?
(四)祈使句和感嘆句中的省略，祈使句通常省略主語you
例如：Close the window!
Don’t be afraid!
You read the text!
What a wide river ( it is)!
(五)在某些虛擬語氣中可以省略should
例如：
He ordered that the soldiers ( should) put out the lights immediately.
It is important that we (should) study science and technology.
（六）介詞在某些詞組中的省略 *
be busy (in)doing
忙于做
occupy oneself (in) doing
從事于…
employ oneself (in) doing
從事于
pass (in) doing
花…做…
have a hard time (in) doing
做…很難
prevent… (from) doing
阻止…做
have difficulty (in) doing
做…有困難
spend… (in) doing
花…做…
have fun (in) doing
做…開心
stop… (from) doing
阻止…做
have trouble (in) doing
做…有麻煩
take …(in) doing
帶…去做…
lose no time (in) doing
不失時機做
waste… (in) doing
做…浪費

【例題精講】
1. When first ________ to the market, these products enjoyed great success.　　
A. introducing B. introduced C. introduce D. being introduced
2. It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when ________ at the meeting by my boss.　　
A. questioning B. having questioned C. questioned D. to be questioned
3. The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if ________ whether he was going in the right direction.
A. seeing B. having seen C. to have seen D. to see
4. Generally speaking, ________ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.
A. when taking B. when taken C. when to take D. when to be taken
5. Unless ________ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.
A. invited B. inviting C. being invited D. having invited
6. When ________ , the museum will be open to the public next year.
A. completed B. completing C. being completed D. to be completed
7. Though ________ money, his parents man-aged to send him to university.　　
A. lacked B. lacking of C. lacking D. lacked in
8. The research is so designed that once ________ nothing can be done to change it. 　　
A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun
【答案】1—5 BCDBA 6—8 AAD
【鞏固練習(xí)】
1. You ______ (read) the novel for almost five hours. Why not join us and have a cup of tea?
2. The bridge is still under construction and ______ (expect) to complete in October.
3. They were ahead during the first half of the match, but ______ (beat) in the last five minutes.
4. The movie was not good enough, but I ______ (see) many worse ones.
5. Rain forests ______ (cut) at such a speed that they will disappear from this planet in the foreseeable future.
6. Sorry, Jim. I ______ (plan) to go to your birthday party, but my sister was sick.
7. Oh, what a pretty gift I ______ (not expect) you would bring me a gift.
8. By the time he left the college, he ______ (make) dozens of inventions.
9. When I met Mr. Smith five years ago, he ______ (work) as an interpreter in an import and export company.
10. At this time next week, we ______ (fly) across the Pacific to another continent.

【答案】
1. have been reading
2. is expected
3. were beaten
4. had seen
5. are being cut
6. had planned
7. didn’t expect
8. had made
9. was working
10. will be flying

課堂訓(xùn)練：
Wildlife in Decline
The populations of Earth’s wild vertebrates (脊椎動物) have declined by 58% over the past four decades, according to the Living Planet Report 2016 published by the World Wildlife Fund.
Climate change and activities such as deforestation and poaching（偷獵）are in large part (21) ______ (blame) for the decline. If the trend continues, by 2020, the world (22) ______ (lose) two-thirds of its vertebrate biodiversity. “Sadly, there is no sign yet (23) ______ this rate will decrease,” the report says.
“Across land, fresh water and the oceans, human activities are forcing wildlife populations to the edge,” says Marco Lambertini, director-general of WWF International.
The Living Planet Report is published every two years. It aims to provide an assessment of the state of the world’s wildlife. The 2016 study included 3700 different species of birds, fish, mammals, amphibians and reptiles around the world. The team collected data from more than 3000 sources, including government statistics and surveys (24) ______ (carry) out by conservation groups. They then analyzed (25) ______ the population sizes had changed over time.
Lambertini said some groups of animals had done worse than others. “We do see particularly strong declines (26) ______ the freshwater environment. For freshwater species alone, the decline stands at 81% since 1970. This is related to the way water (27) ______(use) and taken out of freshwater systems, and also to the fragmentation (分裂) of freshwater systems through dam building, for example.”
The report also highlighted other species, such as African elephants, (28) ______ have suffered huge declines in recent years, and sharks, which are threatened by overfishing.
(29) _____ _____ _____ all the terrifying facts, however, some conservationists say there is still hope. “One of the things that I think is the most important is that these wild animals haven’t yet gone extinct,” said Robin Freeman, head of the Zoological Society of London. “On the whole, (30) ______ are not dying out, and that means we still have opportunities to do something about the decline.”
【答案】
21. to blame 22. will have lost 23. that 24. carried 25. how
26. in 27. is used 28. which 29. In spite of 30. They

鞏固復(fù)習(xí)：
分詞知識點
綜述
1. 現(xiàn)在分詞的基本形式：doing, being done, having done, having been done
2. 過去分詞的基本形式：done, having been done
1. 現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞的區(qū)別（時態(tài)、語態(tài)）
2. 分詞作定語、狀語、賓語補足語
1. 分詞的邏輯主語（①連詞后的分詞；②獨立主語構(gòu)成的獨立主格）
2. 分詞中高頻詞（難點詞：remain, seat, lack, blame的用法）

Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. contribute B. flows C. fundamental D. lays E. notes F. outline
G. reflect H. respectively I. shared J. serve K. uncertainty
Leadership Traits (特質(zhì))
My job puts me in contact with extraordinary leaders in many fields. So I tend to ___31___ a lot on leadership and how we can inspire successful teamwork, cooperation, and partnerships. In my experience, it is clear that the most successful leaders—both men and women—always demonstrate three ___32___ traits.
Trustworthiness
Leaders must set an example of honesty and justice and earn the trust of their teams through their everyday actions. When you do so with positive energy and enthusiasm for ___33___ goals and purpose, you can deeply connect with your team and customers. A culture of trust enables you to empower employees and ___34___ the foundation for communication, accountability, and continuous improvement.
Compassion (共情)
You can’t forget that organizational success ___35___ from the hearts and minds of the men and women you lead. Rather than treating your people as you’d like to be treated, treat them as they would like to be treated. Small gestures like choosing face-to-face meetings or sending personal ___36___ can have an enormous impact on the spirits of the teams. In addition to thanks and praise, you must also understand people’s needs, pressures, and individual goals, which will allow you to lead them more effectively and ___37___ to their personal ambitions and professional development.
Decisiveness
In times of ___38___, employees long for clarity. As a leader, you won’t always have all of the answers—no one expects you to—so you must be open to listening and learning from others. Once you understand a particular challenge and ___39___ the options, you have to be confident in making bold and optimistic decisions.
Successful leadership demands a lifelong commitment to sharpening these three basic skills. Wherever you have the opportunity to ___40___, the qualities of trustworthiness, compassion, and decisiveness are the keys to leadership and organizational success.

III. Reading Comprehension
Section A 15%
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

Boxing is a popular sport that many people seem to be fascinated by. Newspapers, magazines and sports programmes on TV frequently ___41___ boxing matches. Professional boxers earn a lot of money, and successful boxers are ___42___ as big heroes.
It seems to me that some people, especially men, find it ___43___ because it is an aggressive sport. When they watch a boxing match, they can ___44___ the winning boxer, and this gives them the feeling of being a ___45___ themselves. It is a fact that many people have feelings of aggression from time to time, but they cannot show their ___46___ in their everyday lives. Watching a boxing match gives them an outlet for this aggression.
However, there is a ___47___ side to boxing. It can be a very dangerous sport. Although boxers wear gloves during the fights, and amateur boxers ___48___ have to wear helmets, there have frequently been accidents in both professional and amateur boxing, sometimes with ___49___ consequences. Boxers have suffered from head injuries, and occasionally, fighters have even been killed as a result of being knocked out in the ___50__. Furthermore, studies have shown that there are often long-term effects of boxing, in the form of serious brain ___51___, even if a boxer has never been knocked out.
I am personally not at all in ___52___ of aggressive sports like boxing. I think it would be better if less time was ___53___ to aggressive sports on TV, and we welcomed more men and women from non-aggressive sports as our heroes and heroines in our society. I believe that the world is aggressive enough already! Of course, people like ___54___ sports, and so do I, but I think that __55___ other people in an aggressive way is not something that should be regarded as a sport.

41. A. broadcast B. cover C. host D. design
42. A. kept B. individualized C. thought D. treated
43. A. appealing B. subjective C. violent D. challenging
44. A. pick up B. believe in C. identify with D. long for
45. A. winner B. spectator C. inspector D. trainer
46. A. ambition B. aggression C. energy D. strength
47. A. positive B. indifferent C. deadly D. negative
48. A. otherwise B. somehow C. even D. barely
49. A. dramatic B. eye-catching C. emotional D. special
50. A. court B. ring C. pitch D. yard
51. A. loss B. drain C. damage D. disorder
52. A. favour B. process C. charge D. power
53. A. shifted B. transformed C. given D. delivered
54. A. competitive B. quiet C. cooperative D. regular
55. A. invading B. insulting C. teasing D. hitting

Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

(A)
Frankenstein
Frankenstein was a book by Mary Shelly --- it’s been adapted for the screen dozens of times. The story of Frankenstein is told through a series of letters written by Captain Robert Walton to his sister, as he leads an expedition (遠征)to the North Pole. On the way, he meets Victor Frankenstein, who tells Walton the story of his life. Frankenstein is the surname of the guy who creates the monster. The monster doesn’t actually have a name. Anyway, Victor is a scientist who’s desperate to discover the secret of life. After years of study, he makes an enormous creature out of human remains and brings it to life. Victor intends it to be beautiful. Unfortunately, the creature turns out really hideous, and Victor runs away in terror. Although the monster is good and kind, humans are scared of it. When they mistreat it, the monster becomes angry and evil. Wanting revenge on its creator, the monster murders Dr. Frankenstein’s brother, his wife, and his best friend. When Victor figures out the monster is behind all the deaths, he swears to track it down and kill it.
This book was written in 1816, right after a period called the Enlightenment. The Enlightenment emphasized the pursuit of knowledge and reason, and gave rise to the scientific method. Mary Shelley criticized the Enlightenment through the character of Victor Frankenstein,“He is a negative example of an Enlightenment scientist --- he pursues knowledge at any cost, and his obsession with discovering the secret of life destroys him, as well as his friends and family.” Some Enlightenment thinkers might have seen such a loss as necessary for the advancement of science, but not Mary Shelley. She and her husband, poet Percy Shelley, were part of the Romantic Movement in art and literature. Romanticism was a reaction against the Enlightenment’s embrace of rationality and reason. The Romantics emphasized emotion over rationality, and thought people should feel awe and terror in regard to nature. Frankenstein incorporates all these ideas. To Shelley, Frankenstein doesn’t fear and respect the world of nature enough--- she says that by tampering with nature, he brings about complete disaster. Frankenstein is not just a great Romantic novel. It’s also considered one of the first major works of science fiction. It influences a whole generation of writers, and the monster has become one of the most recognizable figures in Western culture.

56. Which of the following is closest in the meaning to “hideous” in Paragraph 1?
A. Unattractive. B. Engaging. C. Charming. D. Handsome.

57. What is Victor Frankenstein’s fatal weakness?
A. His love of science. B. His rejection of his own creation.
C. His lack of respect for nature. D. His inability to form human relationship.

58. How was the Romantic era different from the Enlightenment?
A. The Romantic era emphasized emotion; the Enlightenment emphasized reason.
B. The Romantic era occurred during the 20th century; the Enlightenment occurred during the 19th century.
C. The Romantic era emphasized poetry; the Enlightenment emphasized prose.
D. The Romantic era saw major scientific discoveries; the Enlightenment was an era of literary discovery.

59. What effect did “Frankenstein” have on later works of fiction?
A. It inspired books about the Enlightenment. B. It inspired technical writing.
C. It inspired books of poetry. D. It inspired science-fiction writing.

60. 想和我一起看電影的人請舉手。（those）
61. 背包旅行（backpacking）不僅是一種度假形式，也是一種受教育方式。(Not only)
62. 人們理所應(yīng)當(dāng)?shù)卣J為花的錢越多就越有可能獲得高品質(zhì)的體驗。（grant）
63. 網(wǎng)購是一種電子商務(wù)，它讓顧客可以足不出戶地購買心儀的商品或服務(wù)。（commerce）

【答案】
31-35 G C I D B 36-40 E A K F J
41-45 BDACA 46-50 BDCAB 51-55CACAD
56-59 A C A D
60. 想和我一起看電影的人請舉手。（those）
Those who want to see the movie with me, please raise your hand.
1 1 1

61. 背包旅行（backpacking）不僅是一種度假形式，也是一種受教育方式。(Not only)
Not only is backpacking a way of taking a holiday/ spending a vacation, but also a means of
1 1 0.5
being educated/ education.
0.5

62. 人們理所應(yīng)當(dāng)?shù)卣J為花的錢越多就越有可能獲得高品質(zhì)的體驗。（grant）
People take it for granted that the more you spend the more likely you are
1 1 1
to get a quality experience.
1
63. It is taken for granted that the more you spend the more likely you will get quality 1 1 1 1

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