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一、語基必備知識
(一)重點(diǎn)詞匯——分類記憶
Ⅰ.閱讀詞匯——知其意
1．weakness n．　　　　　　 弱點(diǎn)，缺陷
2．phrase n. 短語，詞組
3．mental adj. 內(nèi)心的；精神病的
4．senior adj. 高級的
5．uniform n. 制服
6．facial adj. 面部的
7．chain n. 鏈條；一連串的事物
8．gifted adj. 有天賦的
9．a(chǎn)cademic adj. 學(xué)術(shù)的
10．sharp adj. 敏銳的；鋒利的；尖的
11．characteristic n. 特點(diǎn)，特性
12．a(chǎn)irline n. 航空公司
13．a(chǎn)ssistant n. 助手；助理
14．fault n. 缺點(diǎn)；錯誤
15．a(chǎn)stronomy n. 天文學(xué)
16．grateful adj. 感激的，感謝的
Ⅱ.核心詞匯——寫其形
1．a(chǎn)ssessment n. 評估
2．previous adj. 以前的，過去的
3．positive adj. 積極的
4．emergency n. 緊急情況
5．a(chǎn)ccurately adv. 精確地，準(zhǔn)確地
6．predict vt. 預(yù)言，預(yù)測
7．deserve vt. 應(yīng)得，值得
8．entirely adv. 完全地
9．a(chǎn)ccuse vt. 控告，譴責(zé)
10．desire n. 渴望，欲望
11．harvest n. 收獲
12．a(chǎn)board prep. 在(上)船(飛機(jī)、火車、公共汽車)上
13．broken adj. 斷的，破的
14．glare vi. 怒視，瞪
15．upset adj. 不安的，不快的
16．a(chǎn)ccount n. (銀行)賬戶
17．disability n. 殘疾；無能力
Ⅲ.拓展詞匯——通其變
1．strength n．長處，優(yōu)勢→strengthen v．增強(qiáng)，加強(qiáng)→strong adj.強(qiáng)壯的；強(qiáng)健的
2．a(chǎn)ppropriately adv.適當(dāng)?shù)亍鷄ppropriate adj.合適的，恰當(dāng)?shù)?br /> 3．a(chǎn)ssociate vt.聯(lián)想，聯(lián)系→associated adj. 有關(guān)聯(lián)的，相關(guān)的→association n．聯(lián)想；協(xié)會
4．concentrate vi.集中(思想、注意力等)→concentration n．專心，專注
5．expression n．表情；詞語→express vt.表達(dá)；表示→expressive adj.富于表情的；有表現(xiàn)力的
6．connection n．聯(lián)系；連接→connect vt.聯(lián)系；連接
7．description n．描述，形容→describe v．描寫，描述
8．failure n．失敗→fail vi.失敗
9．possibility n．可能性→possible adj.可能的→possibly adv.可能地
10．independent adj.獨(dú)立的→independence n．獨(dú)立
11．satisfaction n．滿意，滿足→satisfy vt.使?jié)M意，使?jié)M足→satisfied adj.感到滿意的→satisfying adj.令人滿意的
12．requirement n．要求→require vt.要求
13．relief n．減輕，寬慰→relieve v．使安慰；緩解
14．confirm v．證實→confirmation n．證實
15．judge vt.評判→judgement n．判斷，判斷力
16．companion n．同伴，伴侶→company n．陪伴
17．devote vt.專心致志于，獻(xiàn)身于→devotion n．奉獻(xiàn)→devoted adj.獻(xiàn)身的；忠誠的
1.不要“不安或煩惱”
①bother　　　　　
②disturb
③trouble
④annoy
⑤upset
⑥uneasy
⑦nervous
2.識記含“dis-”否定前綴的單詞
①dislike v．　　　　　　　 不喜歡；厭惡
②disagree v. 不同意
③disappear v. 消失
④disadvantage n. 不利條件；弱點(diǎn)
⑤disbelieve v. 不信；懷疑
⑥disobey v. 不服從；違抗
⑦disability n. 殘疾
3.盤點(diǎn)含后綴“-ment”的名詞
①movement　　　　　　 運(yùn)動
②development 發(fā)展
③improvement 改善
④equipment 設(shè)備
⑤arrangement 安排
⑥r(nóng)equirement 要求
⑦establishment 建立
(二)重點(diǎn)短語——記牢用活
1．come__up__with　　　　　　　 提出，想出
2．concentrate__on 集中于；專注于
3．talk__sb.into__doing__sth. 說服某人做某事
4．draw__up 起草
5．end__up 結(jié)果為……；以……結(jié)束
6．on__the__other__hand 另一方面
7．in__terms__of 就某事來說；從某個角度上看
8．be__willing__to__do__sth. 愿意做某事
9．react__to 對……作出反應(yīng)
10．deal__with 處理，對付
11．glare__at 怒視
12．can’t__help__doing__sth. 情不自禁地做某事
13．to__be__honest 說實話
14．be__devoted__to 奉獻(xiàn)，致力于
15．compared__to/with 和……比較起來

1.“集中精力于”短語薈萃
①concentrate on
　全神貫注于
②focus one’s attention on
集中注意力于
③be lost in
沉醉于
④be buried in
專心于
2.“of結(jié)尾”短語小結(jié)
①regardless of　　 不管
②as a result of 由于，因為
③in spite of 盡管
④on account of 由于，因為
⑤on behalf of 代表
⑥instead of 代替；而不是
⑦in terms of 就……來說
3.“v.＋sb. into doing sth.”結(jié)構(gòu)集合
①cheat/trick/fool sb. into doing sth.　　 欺騙某人做某事
②argue/talk/persuade sb. into doing sth.
說服某人做某事
③force sb. into doing sth. 迫使某人做某事
④terrify sb. into doing sth. 威脅某人做某事
⑤frighten sb. into doing sth. 嚇唬某人做某事
⑥panic sb. into doing sth. 使某人倉皇行事
(三)重點(diǎn)句式——背熟巧用
句型公式
教材原句
句型1：It is generally believed that...人們普遍認(rèn)為……
It__is__generally__believed__that people with high EQs are open to new ideas and have positive attitudes towards life.
人們普遍認(rèn)為，高情商的人善于接受新觀念并且有積極的生活態(tài)度。
句型2：There is no/little doubt that...毫無疑問……
On the other hand, there__is__little__doubt__that people with low EQs often have problems getting on with other people and dealing with difficult situations...　另一方面，毫無疑問的是，低情商的人經(jīng)常在與別人相處和處理困難情況時有問題……
句型3：I dislike it when...，it作形式賓語，when引導(dǎo)的從句作真正的賓語
I really dislike__it__when...
我真的不喜歡……
句型4：that’s why...“那就是……的原因”，why引導(dǎo)表語從句
Perhaps the postcode was wrong, and that’s__why the letter never arrived.
可能郵政編碼錯了，那就是信一直未到的原因。
句型5：if anything是一個省略句，意為“如果有什么不同的話”
If__anything,__it made me even angrier.
如果有什么不同的話，那就使我更生氣了。
二、語境強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練
Ⅰ.語境填詞——根據(jù)提示寫出該詞的適當(dāng)形式
1．(2019·全國卷Ⅲ)Publishers already in business, people who were owners of successful papers，had little desire(渴望) to change the tradition.
2．(2019·全國卷Ⅱ)First, you need to evaluate yourself, your values, your strengths(長處), your weaknesses, your achievements, your desires, etc.
3．Employers usually prefer candidates with some previous(以前的) experience of the job.
4．When the interview is one day away, send an e-mail to confirm(確認(rèn)) the time of the appointment.
5．(2019·北京卷)I’m writing to give you a full account(描述) of my unforgettable experience in a farmwork programme.
6．The young man has grown up and he is eager to be independent(depend) of his parents.
7．Parents are worried about the possibility(possible) that sweets could rot the teeth of their children.
8．The young man, who had rushed into the fire to save the old man, deserved(deserve) rewarding.
9．To the teacher’s satisfaction(satisfy), all the students handed in their notebooks on time that day.
10．The teacher should be able to use the target language fluently and appropriately(appropriate)．
Ⅱ.派生詞練習(xí)——用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
1．I have never associated the plan with Mr.Green.To be honest, I don’t want to be associated with Mr.Green.I’d like to carry out the plan in association with a modest person.(associate)
2．From his satisfied expression, I knew that he was very satisfied with the experiment.In other words, the result of the experiment was satisfying．(satisfy)
3．Lucy is devoted to her music and she has devoted too much time to it.Meanwhile, she also shows devotion to the poor and the disabled.(devote)
4．Catherine threw up her arms in an expressive gesture and I knew that she would start to express herself.In my opinion, her beauty was beyond expression．(express)
5．The man is very strong and he has enough strength to climb the mountain，for he has been doing exercise to strengthen his body.(strong)
Ⅲ.選詞成篇
talk sb. into; to be honest; come up with; concentrate on; be willing to; deal with
When I visited my friend Tom yesterday, he was 1.concentrating__on making an important plan.He 2.talked__me__into joining him. 3.To__be__honest,__Tom always 4.comes__up__with some good ideas.Besides, he is a man who 5.is__willing__to help others to 6.deal__with difficult problems. We all like him.
end up; in terms of; compared to; pick up; be popular with; be devoted to
Our teacher told us Helen Keller’s story yesterday afternoon, and we all couldn’t help crying.Her works 7. are__popular__with many readers. Though Helen Keller was disabled, she had a strong desire to learn. With the help of Ms. Sullivan, she 8.picked__up braille(盲文) and finally graduated from college. 9.Compared__to Helen Keller, we are very lucky. We are healthy, but many of us can’t 10.be__devoted__to our study or work and many of us 11.end__up doing nothing important. 12.In__terms__of strong will, we all should learn from Helen Keller.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．人們普遍認(rèn)為信息技術(shù)既有優(yōu)點(diǎn)又有缺點(diǎn)。
It__is__generally__believed__that IT has both advantages and disadvantages.
2．毫無疑問，她是一個優(yōu)秀的女演員。
There__is__no__doubt__that she is a wonderful actress.
3．我不喜歡別人在公共場合嘲笑我或者說我壞話。
I__dislike__it__when others laugh at me in public or speak ill of me behind.
4．(2017·北京卷)那就是為什么我認(rèn)為長江之旅會是更好的選擇。
That’s__why__I__think__the trip along the Yangtze River will be a better choice.
5．如果說有什么能強(qiáng)烈地吸引她，那就是游泳了。
If__anything,__swimming will appeal to her most strongly.

strength　n．[U]力量，體力；[C]長處，強(qiáng)項
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①a.(2018·全國卷Ⅲ)To build up our strength(strong), we often hold all kinds of activities, such as playing basketball and table tennis.
b．As a teacher, you should know the strengths and weaknesses of your students.
②(2018·全國卷Ⅰ) To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to__strengthen(strength) your leg muscles(肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes.
③(四川卷)Summer makes me full of energy and I feel I have the strength to__do(do) the most difficult thing in my life.
[能力提升]——完成句子
④(浙江卷)練中國功夫不但能增強(qiáng)體質(zhì)，還能培養(yǎng)一個人的性情。
Practising Chinese kungfu can not only build__up__one’s__strength,__but also develop one’s character.

(1)have the strength to do　　 有做……的力氣/意志力
build up one’s strength 增強(qiáng)體質(zhì)
(2)strong adj. 堅強(qiáng)的；強(qiáng)壯的
(3)strengthen vt. 加強(qiáng)　
[佳句背誦] Though I didn’t have the strength to climb any further, I finally got to the top of the mountain with all my strength because my father encouraged me all the time.　雖然我沒有力氣爬得再高，但是我終于用盡全力爬上山頂，因為我父親一直鼓勵我。
[詞塊助記]
gather one’s strength　　　 積蓄力量
physical strength 體力
strength of will 意志力
strengthen our friendship 鞏固我們的友誼
concentrate　vi.集中(注意力、思想等)；集中于；使……集中
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①a.(2017·全國卷Ⅲ)She has turned down several invitations to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.
b．If you concentrate all your energies on the study of English, you will master the language.
②Speaking on the phone requires concentration(concentrate) and takes a driver’s attention from the road.
[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升級
③(普通表達(dá))Because he concentrated__his__attention__on(專注于) playing the Internet games, he didn’t notice the kitchen was on fire.
④(高級表達(dá))With__his__attention__concentrated__on playing the Internet games, he didn’t notice the kitchen was on fire.(with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu))
⑤(高級表達(dá))Concentrating__his__attention__on playing the Internet games, he didn’t notice the kitchen was on fire. (分詞作狀語)

(1)concentrate on/upon　　 專心于……
concentrate...on/upon... 把……集中于……
(2)concentration n. 專心；集中
[佳句背誦] If you are unable to concentrate your attention, you are unable to achieve your best level.
如果你不能集中注意力，你就無法達(dá)到最好的水平。
[名師點(diǎn)津] 表示“集中精力于……”的短語有：concentrate one’s attention on/upon, fix/focus one’s attention/mind on/upon, be absorbed in, bury oneself in/be buried in, put one’s heart into, keep one’s mind on, be devoted to。
[詞塊助記]
concentrate our efforts on improving education
　　　　　　　　　　　 集中精力改進(jìn)教育
concentrate on one task 全神貫注于一項任務(wù)
deserve　v．應(yīng)受，值得
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①It is those who are willing to give rather than receive that deserve respecting/to__be__respected(respect)．
②He deserved to__win(win) the gold medal in the Olympic Games because he had made enough preparations for the game.
[能力提升]——一句多譯
由于許多野生動物正在逐漸滅絕，目前的形勢值得注意。
③With many wild animals gradually dying out, the present situation deserves__attention．
④With many wild animals gradually dying out, the present situation deserves__paying__attention__to/to__be__paid__attention__to．

(1)deserve doing＝deserve to be done
　　　　　　 值得(被)做
deserve to do sth. 值得做某事；應(yīng)該做某事
(2)deserve attention/consideration/sympathy/respect
值得注意/考慮/同情/尊重
deserve blame/punishment
該受責(zé)備/懲罰
[名師點(diǎn)津] deserve doing是用動名詞的主動形式表示被動意義，相當(dāng)于deserve to be done，用法相同的還有need, want和require等。
accuse　vt. 控告；譴責(zé)
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①A footballer was__accused(accuse) of taking money for deliberately not scoring goals so as to let the other team win.
②For lack of enough evidence，the accused(accuse) was allowed to go free.
[能力提升]——一句多譯
由于被指控偷錢，這個人被帶到了法庭。
③Accused__of__stealing__money,__the man was brought to the court. (accuse)
④Charged__with__stealing__money,__the man was brought to the court. (charge)

(1)accuse sb.of (doing) sth.＝charge sb.with (doing) sth.　　　　　因(做)某事指控某人
(2)the accused　　 被告
[佳句背誦] A piece of bad news has been spread that the rich man has been accused of doing good things only to achieve a good reputation.
一條不好的消息已經(jīng)傳播開來：那位富人被指責(zé)沽名釣譽(yù)。
desire　n．渴望；欲望；渴求　vt.希望得到；想要
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①This photo reminds us that we all appreciate beauty and that we all share a common desire for pleasure.
②We desire that immediate help (should)__be__given(give) to the local villagers who have been trapped by the flood.
[能力提升]——一句多譯
(2018·北京卷)既然你渴望學(xué)習(xí)中國文化，我認(rèn)為北京語言大學(xué)是你的理想去處。
③Now__that__you__have__a__desire__to__learn__Chinese__culture,__I think Beijing Language and Culture University is an ideal place for you.(desire n．)
④Since__you__desire__to__learn__Chinese__culture,__I think Beijing Language and Culture University is an ideal place for you.(desire vt.)

(1)have a (strong) desire to do sth.
　　　　　　　　　 (迫切)想要做某事
have a (strong) desire for sth.
(強(qiáng)烈)渴望得到某物
(2)desire to do sth. 渴望做某事
desire that...(should) do sth.
想要……做某事
[佳句背誦] Learning that you have shown great talent in designing robots, here I desire to invite you to join.　得知你在設(shè)計機(jī)器人方面頗有天賦，我很想邀請你前來參加。(2018·天津卷)
[名師點(diǎn)津] desire不用于進(jìn)行時態(tài)；接賓語從句時，從句中的謂語動詞用“(should＋)動詞原形”。
upset　adj.心煩意亂的；不安的；不適的　vt.(upset, upset, upsetting)使不安；使心煩；打亂
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①She was upset to__know(know) that her application for the position was refused.
②The other day, all my plans were__upset(upset) by the sudden change of the bad weather.
[能力提升]——詞匯/句式升級
(普通表達(dá))You will return to your country soon and that makes me sad.(2019·浙江卷6月)
③(高級表達(dá))You will return to your country soon, which__makes__me__upset. (非限制性定語從句)
④(高級表達(dá))What__upsets__me__is__that you will return to your country soon. (what引導(dǎo)的主語從句)

(1)be upset about/over/at sth. 為某事心煩/難過
be upset to do sth.　 對做某事感到不安/難過
(2)upset oneself about sth. 為某事而煩惱
It upsets sb.to do sth./that...
讓某人心煩的是……
[佳句背誦] People sometimes feel very upset about whether they should vote for those who are better or who are more familiar to them.　人們有時會對他們是否應(yīng)該投票給那些更優(yōu)秀的人或者他們更熟悉的人感到非常不安。(江蘇卷)
relief　n．(痛苦、憂慮等的)解除，減輕，調(diào)劑；救濟(jì)
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①(山東卷)Those who suffer from headache will find they get relief from this medicine.
②Much to my parents’ relief, I was eventually admitted to a key university.
③The patient was relieved of his chest pain by a special treatment.
[能力提升]——一句多譯
幫助他們最終擺脫困境是多么令人欣慰的事??！
④It__is__a__relief__to__help them out of trouble finally.(it作形式主語)
⑤What__a__relief__it__is__to__help them out of trouble finally！(感嘆句)

(1)to one’s relief　　 　 令人感到欣慰的是
with relief 欣慰地，寬慰地
(2)It is a relief to do sth. 做某事很放心/舒心。
What a relief! 多么令人欣慰??！
breathe a sigh of relief 如釋重負(fù)，松了一口氣
(3)relieve v. (疼痛/問題等)減輕，緩解
relieve sb.of... 解除/減輕某人的……
[佳句背誦] Still, most of us volunteers breathe a sigh of relief when the season comes to a close.
盡管如此，當(dāng)季節(jié)結(jié)束時，我們大多數(shù)志愿者都會松一口氣。(2019·全國卷Ⅱ)
account　n．?dāng)⑹?；描寫；報道；賬單；賬戶　v．說明；解釋
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①(2019·江蘇卷)In modern man, the brain accounts for about 2－3% of total body weight, but it consumes 25% of the body’s energy when the body is at rest.
②(2017·江蘇卷)While this book tells the stories of famous people in history, it also gives an account of the lives of lesser-known individuals.
③a.He had to leave his beloved basketball team on account of his injured legs.
b．You should, when necessary, supply them with food and fuel and advise them to return, but on no account allow foreigners to land.
[能力提升]——詞匯升級
④(普通表達(dá))I sincerely hope that you will consider my suggestions. (2018·全國卷Ⅰ)
(高級表達(dá))I sincerely hope that you will take my suggestions into__account/consideration．

(1)take account of.../take...into account/consideration
　　　　　　　　　 把……考慮在內(nèi)
on account of 因為，由于
on no account 絕不
give an account of 報告；敘述；說明
(2)account for 解釋；說明；(數(shù)量，比例上)占　
[佳句背誦] The professor warned the students that on no account should they use mobile phones in his class.
教授警告學(xué)生們絕對不要在他的課堂上使用手機(jī)。(2019·天津卷)
[名師點(diǎn)津]
on no account意為“絕不”，放在句首時常引起句子的部分倒裝，有類似用法的還有by no means, in no way, on no condition, under no circumstances, in no case, at no time等。
judge　vt.斷定；判斷；判決　n．裁判員；法官
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①I have a fantastic life and a job I love. Women here are__judged(judge) on their talents, not their gender.
②As the saying goes, “We should never judge a person by/from his looks.”
③Judging(judge) from the above story, we can draw the conclusion that we don’t judge a man by/from his looks.
[能力提升]——完成句子
④我認(rèn)為，他們讓一些學(xué)生帶手機(jī)是錯誤的。
As__far__as__I__can__judge,__it is wrong for them to let some students carry mobile phones.

(1)judge...from/by...　　 從……來判斷……
as far as I can judge 據(jù)我判斷，我認(rèn)為
(2)judging by/from... 根據(jù)……判斷
(3)judgement n. 看法，意見；判斷力； 審判，判決
[佳句背誦] I’m writing to invite you to be a judge at our English Speech Contest to be held in our school on June 15.　我寫信邀請你擔(dān)任6月15日在我們學(xué)校舉辦的英語演講比賽的裁判。
[名師點(diǎn)津] judging from/by表示“從……來看；根據(jù)……判斷”，用在句首時為一個獨(dú)立成分，不受句子主語和時態(tài)的影響。
devote　v．為……付出時間/努力/金錢等
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①(2019·浙江卷6月)I still remember what you have devoted to improving(improve) my oral English and English writing.
②a.(湖南卷)You will never gain success unless you are fully devoted(devote) to your work.
b．We expressed our gratitude to the people devoted(devote) to protecting the ecology in the area.
c．(2017·天津卷)He is a devoted(devote) father because he was strict with his daughter and encouraged her when she was in trouble.
③A teacher’s devotion(devote) to education deserves great respect of the whole public because it brings benefits to the development of society.
[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升級
④(普通表達(dá))Jane devotes__herself__to__teaching(致力于教育) the deaf children and she has little time to care for her own daughter.
⑤(高級表達(dá))Devoting__herself__to__teaching__the__deaf__children,__Jane has little time to care for her own daughter.(現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語)
⑥(高級表達(dá))Devoted__to__teaching__the__deaf__children,__Jane has little time to care for her own daughter.(過去分詞短語作狀語)

(1)devote...to (doing) sth.
　　　　　 把……獻(xiàn)給；把……致力于
devote oneself to 致力于；獻(xiàn)身于；專心于
(2)devoted adj. 摯愛的；忠誠的；全心全意的
be devoted to (doing) sth.
獻(xiàn)身于(做)某事；專心致志于(做)某事
(3)devotion n. 深愛；奉獻(xiàn)
[佳句背誦] I could only devote two hours a day to the work.
我一天只能在這個工作上花兩個小時。
[名師點(diǎn)津] 表示“專注于， 致力于”的表達(dá)還有： be absorbed in, be lost in, be buried in, be occupied in, focus on, concentrate on等。
[詞塊助記]
devote one’s energies to a job　致力于一項工作
devote all one’s life to medical work for Chinese women and children　為中國的婦女兒童醫(yī)療事業(yè)貢獻(xiàn)畢生精力
in terms of 　在……方面，從……方面來說，就……而言，據(jù)……；依照……
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①(2019·江蘇卷) With a large brain, human beings beat other beings in terms of intelligence.
②Anyone who always comes to terms with difficulty cannot become a successful man.
[能力提升]——完成句子
③Learning is not always easy, but it is always beneficial in__the__long__term(從長遠(yuǎn)來看)．
④I have been on__good__terms__with__my__classmates(與同學(xué)們的關(guān)系很好), who have helped me a lot.

in the long/short term　　　　　 就長/短期而言
be on good/bad terms with sb. 與某人交情好/不好
come to terms with 與……達(dá)成協(xié)議；讓步；妥協(xié)　
[佳句背誦] In terms of the way color is used, some styles of Chinese painting use only one kind of color.　在色彩的運(yùn)用方面，中國畫的一些風(fēng)格是只使用單色。
can’t help doing sth.　情不自禁地做某事
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①She can’t help(to)clean(clean) the house because she’s busy making a cake.
②She couldn’t help bursting(burst) into tears when she heard the news.
③It is raining hard outside and they couldn’t choose but wait(wait) at home.
[能力提升]——完成句子
④(上海卷)這位作家的天賦讓你很吃驚，你會情不自禁地和同學(xué)或者好朋友分享，他們也對這位作家印象很深刻。
You are so amazed by the genius of the writer and you can’t__help__sharing__it__with__your__classmates__or__best__friends,__who turn out to have been deeply impressed as well.

can’t help (to) do sth.　　　　 不能幫忙做某事
can not help but do sth. 不得不做某事
can not choose but do sth. 不得不做某事　
[佳句背誦]
①I can’t help thinking he knows more than he has told us.
我總覺得他沒把他知道的事全告訴我們。
②He is such a famous professor that you can’t help but respect him.
他是一位如此著名的教授，以至于你不得不尊敬他。

There is no/little doubt that...毫無疑問……
(教材P9)On the other hand, there is little doubt that people with low EQs often have problems getting on with other people and dealing with difficult situations...
另一方面，毫無疑問的是，低情商的人經(jīng)常在與別人相處和處理困難情況時有問題……
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①(2017·全國卷Ⅲ)There is no doubt that ping-pong is regarded as the National Ball Sport of China.
②(江蘇卷)The notice came around two in the afternoon that the meeting would be postponed.
[能力提升]——完成句子
③我們老師給我們提出了一些如何記英語單詞的建議。
Our teacher gave us some advice how__we__(should)__remember__English__words.

(1)同位語從句通常用that, whether, what, which, when, where, why, how等詞引導(dǎo)，常放在hope, wish, idea, news, fact, promise, opinion, suggestion, advice, truth, evidence, problem等抽象名詞后面，說明該名詞的具體內(nèi)容。
(2)有時同位語從句可以不緊跟在被說明的名詞后面，而被別的詞隔開。
[佳句背誦] ①There is no doubt that WeChat is changing our way of life.
毫無疑問，微信正在改變我們的生活方式。
②There is some doubt whether computer games can have a bad effect on students’ health.
游戲是否會對學(xué)生的健康有不利影響還不確定。
I dislike it when...，it作形式賓語，when引導(dǎo)的從句作真正的賓語
(教材P11)I really dislike it when...
我真的不喜歡……
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①We really appreciated it when she offered to help.
②I like it when the sky is clear and blue in autumn.
③You may rely on it that the work will be finished ahead of time.
④He owed it to his first teacher that__he had good pronunciation.
[能力提升]——完成句子
⑤我討厭母親要我吃雞蛋。
I dislike it when__my__mother__asks__me__to__eat__eggs．
⑥要是我不必做那么多工作，就太好了。
I’d prefer it if__I__didn’t__have__to__do__so__much__work．

句中it為形式賓語，真正的賓語為when引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。英語中，某些表示“喜、怒、哀、樂”的動詞，如like，enjoy，love，hate，dislike，appreciate，prefer等接when/if引導(dǎo)的從句作賓語時，通常用it作形式賓語，而把賓語從句放在it之后?！?
[名師點(diǎn)津] it作形式賓語除了上述情況外，還有下面的情形：
(1)某些作介詞賓語的that從句要放在形式賓語it之后。
(2)某些動詞后的賓語從句較長，狀語較短，也可以在賓語位置上用形式賓語it，而把真正的賓語從句放到狀語之后。
that’s why...“那就是……的原因”，why引導(dǎo)表語從句
(教材P13)Perhaps the postcode was wrong, and that’s why the letter never arrived.
可能郵政編碼錯了，那就是信一直未到的原因。
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①—Have you heard the news that he was admitted into Peking University?
—Yes, that’s because he worked so hard all the time, so his efforts paid off.
②—You see, I’m poor in math, but good at English, while you are good at math, but weak in English.
—That’s why we should help each other.

句中that’s why...為固定表達(dá)，意為“那就是……的原因”，why引導(dǎo)表語從句。該句型強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果?！?
[名師點(diǎn)津] that’s because...那是因為……，because也引導(dǎo)表語從句，但該句型強(qiáng)調(diào)原因。
Sorry，we are late.That’s because we were held up in the traffic jam.
很抱歉我們遲到了，那是因為我們遇上交通堵塞被耽擱了。

維度一　在空白處填入括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式
1．Stress and tiredness often result in a lack of concentration(concentrate)．
2．In my opinion, the scenery here is beyond description(describe), so it has attracted a lot of visitors every year.
3．The mother was standing at the gate, anxiously(anxious) to see her son.
4．When she saw the lovely monkey，she couldn’t help laughing(laugh)．
5．To make members of a team perform better，the trainer first of all has to know their strengths(strong) and weaknesses.
維度二　在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~
1．You’d better not go out. In my judgement, it is dangerous to fly in such weather.
2．But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s.
3．Most of the scientists devoted themselves to doing the research and seldom went home.
4．We all sighed with relief when the plane finally touched down safely.
5．The woman was accused of stealing little children from the neighbourhood.
維度三　易錯混用(改正下列句子中的錯誤)
1．The young woman was accused with stealing goods from a large market.with→of
2．Hearing the sad news, the mothers present at the meeting couldn’t help cry.cry→crying
3．Devoting to his research, the young scientist almost forgot everything about himself.Devoting→Devoted
4．It is true that she has made a mistake but she hardly deserves lose her job.在deserves后加to
5．I felt relief to know that all the missing children had arrived home.relief→relieved
維度四　語境品詞(寫出加黑詞匯在語境中的意義)
1．(2017·天津卷)I lost 150 pounds and raised $50，000! I feel that I’ve been given a second life to devote to something that is meaningful and enormous.為……付出
2．The scientist made great contributions to science, so he deserved giving so many awards.應(yīng)受；值得
3．(2018·全國卷Ⅱ)According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total global fertilizer consumption.(數(shù)量，比例上)占
4．(2019·全國卷Ⅱ)More than that, how should you stay motivated to achieve the goal？First, you need to evaluate yourself, your values, your strengths, your weaknesses, your achievements, your desires, etc. 渴望；欲望
5．Having finished all the housework, Mary dropped herself into the sofa, sighing with relief.欣慰地；寬慰地
6．(2019·全國卷Ⅰ)The likables’ plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work. 加強(qiáng)

提能一　語段填空(短文中黑體部分為本單元核心知識點(diǎn)，請補(bǔ)全短文，并背誦體會黑體部分用法)
My friend is a senior high student gifted in biology. Desiring 1.to__become(become) a biologist, he 2.is__devoted(devote) to studying biology. He 3.can’t help doing research on it when he glances 4.at a rare plant. He also takes a picture with a brief 5.description(describe) behind. The other day, he was talked into 6.participating(participate) in a contest about biology, in 7.which he won the first prize. There was no doubt 8.that he deserved it because he 9.accurately(accurate) answered all the questions. Of course, like others, he has his own strengths and 10.weaknesses(weak)．
提能二　話題寫作(用本單元詞匯、句式和語法知識寫滿分作文)
1．補(bǔ)全要點(diǎn)句(黑體部分請用本單元所學(xué)詞匯)
①與別人相比，海倫·凱勒(Helen Keller)是不幸的。
When Helen Keller was compared__to__others,__she was unlucky.
②當(dāng)她在19個月大的時候，她變得又盲又聾。
When she was 19 months old, she became__blind__and__deaf．
③她并不愿意學(xué)習(xí)。
She was__not__willing__to__learn anything.
④她的老師沙利文(Ms. Sullivan)來幫她應(yīng)對殘疾。
Her teacher Ms. Sullivan came__to__help__her__deal__with__her__disabilities．
⑤在Ms. Sullivan的幫助下，她能夠做到集中精力學(xué)習(xí)，并完成了大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)。
With__the__help__of Ms. Sullivan, she was able to concentrate__on__her__study and graduated from college.
⑥她致力于幫助盲聾兒童。
She devoted__all__herself__to__helping__the__blind and deaf children.
⑦她是20世紀(jì)最偉大的女性之一，值得我們尊重。
She was one of the greatest women in the 20th century and deserves__our__respect．
2．升級平淡句
⑧用過去分詞作狀語升級句①
Compared__to__others,__Helen__Keller__was__unlucky.
3．銜接成美文(注意使用適當(dāng)?shù)倪^渡銜接詞匯：at first, later, later on)
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One possible version：
Compared to others, Helen Keller was unlucky. When she was 19 months old, she became blind and deaf. At first, she was not willing to learn anything. Later, her teacher Ms. Sullivan came to help her deal with her disabilities. With the help of Ms. Sullivan, she was able to concentrate on her study and graduated from college. Later on, she devoted all herself to helping the blind and deaf children. She was one of the greatest women in the 20th century and deserves our respect.

課時練1　2篇閱讀＋1篇完形
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
(2020·河南六市高三聯(lián)考)Keeping fit often means sharing a busy pathway with cyclists, runners and walkers, but imagine facing the task of doing it all without being able to see or hear. It is a challenge many disabled athletes face, unless someone agrees to be their eyes and ears.
Newly formed group Achilles Brisbane pairs vision-and hearing-impaired(視覺和聽覺受損的) athletes with people who would like to guide them.
Jane Britt, president of Achilles Brisbane, who is vision-and hearing-impaired, said, “When we go out, it’s much less frightening to have someone beside us that has full hearing to listen for us and tell us what’s there.”
Ms.Cullen and Ms.Britt meet up most Saturday mornings to take part in the five-kilometer park run. Their partnership is built on trust, but Ms. Britt said that it took time to develop.
Ms.Britt said it took an unexpected storm for her to trust Ms. Cullen completely. “There was violent rain, my glasses were broken and we were walking together. I suddenly had to tell her I couldn’t see anything, and I was going to have to completely trust her. From that time I knew it was going to work because she was so good about dealing with the special situation we both found ourselves in，” she said.
Isabella Allen and her seeing eye dog Tatum are two new additions to the Achilles Brisbane. Ms. Allen kept active by rowing, running and cycling but found it difficult to keep going as her vision became worse. After nearly giving up completely, she worked up the courage to ask Achilles Brisbane to find someone to share a boat with her.
Ms. Allen said the fear of not finding anyone to row with almost stopped her from reaching out to Achilles Brisbane. “But, they found people and matched me to them，” she said. “It’s the best thing I’ve ever done.”
【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文是一篇記敘文。殘疾人參加體育鍛煉與正常人是不同的，他們常常面臨各種挑戰(zhàn)，為此專門成立了一個鍛煉幫扶組織。文章講述了該組織幫扶的兩個具體事例。
1．What does Paragraph 1 try to show?
A．The danger of walking on a busy road.
B．The difficulty the disabled athletes face.
C．The exercise people do to keep fit.
D．The necessity of building roads for the blind.
B　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“but imagine facing the task of doing it all without being able to see or hear. It is a challenge many disabled athletes face, unless someone agrees to be their eyes and ears”可推知，對于視覺和聽覺受損的運(yùn)動員來說，參加鍛煉是一項挑戰(zhàn)，除非有人做他們的耳朵和眼睛；由此可推知，第一段旨在說明殘疾人運(yùn)動員所面臨的困難，故B項正確。
2．How does Jane Britt feel about going out alone?
A．Relaxed.　　　　　　　　 B．Excited.
C．Worried. D．Bored.
C　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“When we go out, it’s much less frightening to have someone beside us that has full hearing to listen for us and tell us what’s there.”可推知，Jane Britt認(rèn)為，他們出去的時候，如果他們身旁有聽力正常的人為他們?nèi)ヂ牪⒏嬖V他們那里有什么，那就沒有那么可怕了。由此可推知，Jane Britt對獨(dú)自外出感到擔(dān)憂，故C項正確。
3．What happened in the heavy rain according to Ms.Britt?
A．She developed a strong sense of teamwork.
B．She led Ms.Cullen forward on the road.
C．She began to rely on Ms.Cullen as her guide.
D．She fell down on the ground.
C　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段的內(nèi)容，尤其是“I suddenly had to tell her I couldn’t see anything, and I was going to have to completely trust her.”可知，Britt的眼鏡在大雨中碎了，她看不到任何東西，完全依靠Cullen女士做她的向?qū)?，故C項正確。
4．What was the best thing Ms.Allen has done?
A．Asking Achilles Brisbane for help.
B．Working in Achilles Brisbane.
C．Exercising non-stop.
D．Meeting Tatum.
A　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容尤其是“‘But，they found people and matched me to them，’she said.‘It’s the best thing I’ve ever done.’”可知，Allen女士認(rèn)為她做的最好的事情是向Achilles Brisbane求助，故A項正確。
B
(2020·成都第二次診斷)Author Walter Dean Myers died at the age of 76 after a brief illness. Walter Dean Myers was the author of more than 100 books for children and young adults and received many top awards.
The prolific author was loved for his vivid description of the lives of African American children, and for writing books for young people that covered different subjects. “Myers has written about all those subjects with deep understanding and a hard-won, qualified sense of hope，” said Leonard S. Marcus in 2008.
He was born in 1937 and was adopted by Florence Dean and Herbert after his mother died while giving birth to his younger sister. They loved him very much and his mother read to him from a very young age. Reading pushed him to discover worlds beyond his landscape.
He began writing at an early age. He wrote well in high school and an English teacher recognized this and advised him to keep on writing no matter what happened to him. “It’s what you do，” she said.
He dropped out of high school at 17 and joined the army. After finishing his service, he entered a dark period in his life. Myers began writing at night to pull himself through that miserable time.
In an essay published in The New York Times earlier this year, Myers described how a short story by James Arthur Baldwin helped change the course of his life. “I didn’t love the story, but I was lifted by it，” he wrote, “for it took place in Harlem, and it was a story concerned with black people like those I knew. By humanizing the people who were like me, Baldwin’s story also humanized me. The story gave me a permission that I didn’t know I needed, the permission to write about my own landscape, my own map.”
“I write books for the troubled boy I once was，” he wrote, “and for the boy who lives within me still.”
【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文是一篇記敘文，主要介紹了美國著名作家Walter Dean Myers的生平。
5．What does the second paragraph mainly talk about?
A．How popular Myers was.
B．How Myers became successful.
C．What makes Myers’ works popular.
D．What people think of Myers’ works.
C　解析：段落大意題。通讀該段可知，該段首句“The prolific author...covered different subjects.”為該段主題句，結(jié)合該段其他內(nèi)容可知，這位多產(chǎn)的作家因其對非裔美國兒童生活的生動描述，以及為年輕人寫的涉及不同話題的書籍而深受喜愛。由此可知，該段主要介紹了他的作品受歡迎的原因，故C項正確。
6．Who discovered Myers’ writing talent?
A．James Arthur Baldwin.
B．His mother.
C．Leonard S. Marcus.
D．One of his teachers.
D　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第二句“He wrote well in high school and an English teacher recognized this and advised him to keep on writing no matter what happened to him.”可知，他在高中時寫作就很好，一位英語老師認(rèn)識到這一點(diǎn)并建議他無論發(fā)生什么事都要堅持寫下去。據(jù)此可知，他的寫作天賦是他的一位老師發(fā)現(xiàn)的，故D項正確。
7．What does the underlined word “prolific” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A．Productive. B．Unfortunate.
C．Conservative. D．Humorous.
A　解析：詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第一段第二句“Walter Dean Myers was the author of more than 100 books for children and young adults and received many top awards.”可知，Walter Dean Myers 寫了100多本兒童和年輕人讀物，并獲得了許多最高獎項。由此可推知，他是一位多產(chǎn)的作家。productive意為“多產(chǎn)的”，故A項正確。B項意為“不幸的”，C項意為“守舊的”，D項意為“幽默的”，都與語境不符。
8．Why was the short story by James Arthur Baldwin so important for Myers?
A．It helped him survive the dark period.
B．It inspired him to pursue his writing career.
C．He learned many writing techniques from it.
D．The author of the story permitted him to write.
B　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第一句中的“how a short story...the course of his life”以及最后一句“The story gave me a permission that I didn’t know I needed, the permission to write about my own landscape, my own map.”可知，Baldwin寫的故事鼓勵了Myers追求他自己的寫作事業(yè)，故B項正確。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2020·馬鞍山高三調(diào)研)Very few of us become fluent in another language by studying it in high school. I made an effort to keep up the little bit of French that I learned in school, but eventually realized that this was __1__. I was well aware that new languages are best learned when __2__， and that our abilities in that regard decline with age. __3__， just before my 50th birthday, I __4__ for French classes.
After I was __5__ to see which group I belonged in, I was __6__ at almost the introductory level. I found that it really was true that certain linguistic(語言的) abilities __7__ with age. While I’d always thought of myself as a(n) __8__ learner, that was no longer the case. I absorbed new vocabulary very __9__. What I learned one week ago seemed to __10__ as soon as I learned the next skill.
Now, a couple of years later, I can listen to the news in French and __11__ 90 percent of it on the first try and read a novel if it’s not too difficult.
Who knows what I might still __12__？
I’ve learned so much __13__ grammar and vocabulary. I’ve met people from around the world and all walks of life who have the __14__ to make fools of themselves in order to __15__ something new. I’ve been taught by patient and inspirational teachers from many __16__ of the world, including France, Eastern Europe, the Caribbean and Africa.
Listening to the news as it is __17__ to the people of France, I have a renewed __18__ of how something can look completely different from another __19__. I’ve learned that a language is not just a set of words, but a way of __20__. But most of all, I’ve learned that it really is never too late to learn something new.
【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文是一篇記敘文。文章通過作者學(xué)習(xí)法語的經(jīng)歷告訴我們要活到老，學(xué)到老。
1．A.unbelievable B．pointless
C．unbearable D．valueless
B　解析：根據(jù)該句“I made an effort to keep up the little bit of French that I learned in school, but eventually realized that this was ______．”以及下文內(nèi)容可知，“我”想努力保留在學(xué)校學(xué)的那一點(diǎn)法語，但最終意識到這是無意義的(pointless)，故選B。
2．A.energetic B．curious
C．young D．old
C　解析：根據(jù)后半句中的“our abilities in that regard decline with age”并結(jié)合常識可知，年輕的時候?qū)W習(xí)新語言的效果是最好的，故選C。
3．A.However B．Therefore
C．Besides D．Meanwhile
A　解析：根據(jù)語境可知，在50歲生日之前，“我”注冊(registered)了法語課，并結(jié)合上文提到的“年輕的時候?qū)W習(xí)新語言的效果是最好的”可知，此處表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故選A。
4．A.sought B．registered
C．fought D．prepared
B　解析：參見上題解析。
5．A.interviewed B．challenged
C．a(chǎn)sked D．tested
D　解析：根據(jù)空后的“to see which group I belonged in”并結(jié)合語境可知，經(jīng)過測試(tested)來看“我”屬于哪一個團(tuán)體之后，“我”被歸(placed) 為幾乎是初級水平，故選D。
6．A.restricted B．withdrawn
C．a(chǎn)ppointed D．placed
D　解析：參見上題解析。
7．A.fade B．remain
C．disappear D．improve
A　解析：根據(jù)第一段中的“our abilities in that regard decline with age”并結(jié)合常識可推知，某些語言的能力會隨著年齡的增加而逐漸消失(fade)，故選A。
8．A.autonomous B．a(chǎn)verage
C．quick D．dull
C　解析：根據(jù)語境可推知，“我”一直認(rèn)為自己是一個學(xué)東西很快的(quick)學(xué)習(xí)者，但卻不再是這樣了，故選C。
9．A.easily B．slowly
C．steadily D．rapidly
B　解析：結(jié)合語境及上題解析可推知，“我”掌握新詞匯的速度很慢(slowly)，故選B。
10．A.crowd in B．make sense
C．slip away D．build up
C　解析：根據(jù)語境可知，“我”一學(xué)習(xí)下一個技能，一個星期前學(xué)的就好像消失(slip away)了，故選C。crowd in“涌上(心頭)”；make sense“有意義”；build up“(使)擴(kuò)大”。
11．A.catch B．recite
C．share D．repeat
A　解析：根據(jù)語境可推知，“我”第一遍聽法語新聞時能夠理解(catch)90%的內(nèi)容。catch“理解”，故選A。
12．A.complete B．overlook
C．perform D．a(chǎn)ccomplish
D　解析：根據(jù)語境可知，誰知道“我”仍可能實現(xiàn)(accomplish)什么呢？故選D。
13．A.except B．beyond
C．through D．including
B　解析：根據(jù)下文的內(nèi)容可知，“我”認(rèn)為自己學(xué)到的不僅僅是法語的語法和詞匯，故選B。beyond意為“除……之外”。
14．A.confidence B．a(chǎn)bility
C．patience D．courage
D　解析：根據(jù)空后的“make fools of themselves in order to ______ something new”可知，此處表示“我”遇到了來自世界各行各業(yè)的人，他們?yōu)榱藢W(xué)(learn)一些新的東西而有勇氣(courage)出丑，故選D。
15．A.learn B．experience
C．explore D．possess
A　解析：參見上題解析。
16．A.organizations B．corners
C．classes D．races
B　解析：根據(jù)下文的“including France, Eastern Europe, the Caribbean and Africa”可知，這些老師來自世界的許多地區(qū)(corners)。
17．A.updated B．spread
C．presented D．conveyed
C　解析：根據(jù)語境可知，聽著播放給法國人的新聞，“我”有了一個全新的理解，故選C。present“上演，播出”。
18．A.understanding B．a(chǎn)ttitude
C．knowledge D．judgment
A　解析：根據(jù)語境可知，“我”對一些東西是如何從不同角度(angle)看起來完全不同有了全新的理解(understanding)，故選A。
19．A.manner B．a(chǎn)spect
C．a(chǎn)ngle D．direction
C　解析：參見上題解析。
20．A.studying B．working
C．living D．thinking
D　解析：根據(jù)語境并結(jié)合常識可知，一門語言不僅僅是一組單詞，也是一種思維(thinking)方式。
課時練2　2篇閱讀＋1篇七選五＋1篇語法填空
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
(2020·三門峽調(diào)研)Who’re happier, men or women? Research shows it’s a complex question and that asking whether males or females are happier isn’t really that helpful, because basically, happiness is different for women and men.
Women’s happiness has been declining for the past 30 years, according to recent statistics. And research shows that women are twice as likely to experience depression compared with men. Gender(性別) differences in depression are well confirmed and studies have found that biological, psychological and social factors contribute to the difference.
Early studies on gender and happiness found men and women were socialized to express different feelings. Women are more likely to express happiness, warmth and fear, which help with social bonding and appear more consistent with the traditional role as a primary caregiver, while men display more anger, pride and disrespect, which are more consistent with a protector and provider role.
Recent research suggests that these differences are not just socially, but also genetically related. Studies have looked into these findings further and discovered that females use more areas of the brain containing mirror neurons(鏡像神經(jīng)元) than males when they process feelings. Mirror neurons allow us to experience the world from other people’s view, to understand their actions and intentions. This may explain why women can experience deeper sadness. Women tend to experience more negative feelings, such as more guilt, shame and to a lesser degree, embarrassment.
Psychologically it seems men and women differ in the way they process and express feelings. With the exception of anger, women experience feelings more strongly and share their feelings more openly with others. Studies have found in particular that women express more appreciation—which has been linked to greater happiness. This supports the theory that women’s happiness is more dependent on relationships than men’s.
【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文從社會、生理和心理三個方面介紹了男性和女性在幸福感上的差異。
1．Which feeling are men more likely to show compared with women?
A．Warmth. B．Depression.
C．Happiness. D．Disrespect.
D　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句中的“while men display more anger, pride and disrespect”可知，男性表現(xiàn)更多的是生氣、驕傲和無禮，故選D。
2．What factors cause women to share feelings more openly?
A．Psychological factors. B．Biological factors.
C．Educational factors. D．Social factors.
A　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容可知，本段從心理方面介紹了男性和女性在處理和表達(dá)感情方面的不同：與男性相比，女性更加公開地表露自己內(nèi)心的情感。
3．One can probably read the text from________．
A．a(chǎn) science fiction B．a(chǎn) culture brochure
C．a(chǎn) nursery guide D．a(chǎn) health magazine
D　解析：文章出處題。根據(jù)本文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要從社會、生理和心理三個方面分析了男性和女性在幸福感上的差異。由此可推知，本文有可能摘自一本健康雜志，故選D項。
4．What is the text mainly about?
A．Men and women differ in biology and psychology.
B．Men and women experience happiness differently.
C．Social roles have a great effect on men and women.
D．Women’s happiness has declined in the past years.
B　解析：主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，本文從社會、生理和心理三個方面分析了男性和女性在幸福感上的差異，故B項最符合文意。
B
(2020·南陽高三診斷)A team of engineers at Harvard University created the first robotic fly. Designed to do what a fly does naturally, the tiny machine is the size of a fat housefly. Its mini wings allow it to stay in the air and perform controlled flight tasks.
“The added difficulty with a project like this is that actually none of its components is off the shelf and we have to develop them all on our own，” said Robert Wood, a Harvard engineering professor.
They engineered a series of systems to start and drive the robotic fly. “The seemingly simple system which just moves the wings has lots of interdependence(互相依賴) of the individual components, each of which individually has to perform well, but then has to be matched well to everything it’s connected to，” said Wood.
While this first robotic flyer is linked to a small, off-board power source, the goal is eventually to equip it with a built-in power source, so that it might someday perform data-gathering work at rescue sites, in farmers’ fields or on the battlefield. “Basically it should be able to take off, land and fly around，” he said.
Wood says the design offers a new way to study flight mechanics and control at insect-scale. Yet, the power, sensing and computation technologies on board could have much broader applications. “You can start thinking about using them to answer open scientific questions, you know, to study biology in ways that would be difficult with the animals, but using these robots instead，” he said. “So there are a lot of technologies and open interesting scientific questions that are really what drives us on a day-to-day basis.”
【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文是一篇說明文。哈佛大學(xué)的工程師團(tuán)隊研制出了首個機(jī)器蒼蠅飛行器，該飛行器雖然尺寸如蒼蠅大小，但結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，有望在未來執(zhí)行搜救點(diǎn)、農(nóng)田、戰(zhàn)場的數(shù)據(jù)收集任務(wù)。
5．What is the typical characteristic of the robotic fly?
A．It’s automatic.
B．It’s very small.
C．It’s controllable.
D．It’s quite powerful.
B　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二、三句“Designed to do what a fly does naturally, the tiny machine is the size of a fat housefly. Its mini wings allow it to stay in the air and perform controlled flight tasks.”可知，這種飛行器設(shè)計初衷是為了能做蒼蠅做的事，它的尺寸和肥胖的家蠅一樣大，微小的翅膀可以讓它停在空中執(zhí)行受控的飛行任務(wù)；據(jù)此可知，該機(jī)器蒼蠅飛行器的典型特點(diǎn)是尺寸小，故B項正確。
6．We can infer from the passage that the robotic flyer can ________．
A．a(chǎn)ct as a spy plane
B．help do farm work
C．fly at a very high speed
D．a(chǎn)nswer many scientific questions
A　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第一句中的“so that it might someday perform data-gathering work at rescue sites, in farmers’ fields or on the battlefield”可知，某一天這種飛行器可能用于執(zhí)行搜救點(diǎn)、農(nóng)田、戰(zhàn)場的數(shù)據(jù)收集任務(wù)；據(jù)此可推知，該飛行器可以用作間諜飛機(jī)，故A項正確。
7．What is Wood’s idea about the robotic fly according to the last paragraph?
A．It is highly questionable.
B．It has wide practical applications.
C．It gives scientists interest in flying machines.
D．It points to a new direction in studying biology.
B　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)尾段第二句“Yet，the power...could have much broader applications.”并結(jié)合Wood所說的話可知，Wood認(rèn)為這種飛行器使用范圍很廣泛，故B項正確。
8．What can be the best title for the passage?
A．Harvard’s Study in the Field of Insects
B．A Breakthrough in Engineering Science
C．An Interesting Invention—Robotic Fly
D．Robotic Fly—a Copy of the Real Life Insect
D　解析：標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文可知，本文的主題句是第一段第一、二句；結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要介紹了哈佛大學(xué)的工程師團(tuán)隊研制出了首個機(jī)器蒼蠅飛行器，該飛行器雖然尺寸如蒼蠅大小，但結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，有望在未來執(zhí)行搜救點(diǎn)、農(nóng)田、戰(zhàn)場的數(shù)據(jù)收集任務(wù)。故D項最適合作本文標(biāo)題。
Ⅱ.七選五
(2020·滁州模擬)In a study recently published in the journal Neuron, researchers found that super memorizers don’t have unusually large brain regions that allow them to remember a lot of information. 1.________ Here are a few of their favorite tricks that can help you to remember things in your everyday life.
To Remember: New words
Technique: Change routine
In a study, a group of students studied a list of words in two separate sessions. Some studied in a messy room and some in a neat space. One group of students spent both sessions in the same room, while the other split the sessions between the two environments. During a test, the students who studied in multiple places remembered much more. 2.________ That includes the time of day, the music in the background, whether you sit or stand, etc.
To Remember: Your PIN
Technique: Count it out
You could use your birthday, or your phone number, but identity thieves have a way of figuring those numbers out. 3.________ Write a four－word sentence, then count the number of letters in each word. For instance, “This is my PIN”＝4223.
To Remember: Faces
Technique: Focus on noses
While some super memorizers specialize in associating names with faces, the memory palace technique doesn’t work as well if the image of the face is changed in any way. Rather than focusing on eyes, as most people do, focus on the centre or to the left of a person’s nose. 4.________
To Remember: Facts & figures
Technique: 5.________
To learn and remember statistics, reviewing the material repeatedly over a longer time is far more effective than repeating it in a shorter one. If your exam is in a week, study today and then again in a day or two. If it’s a month away, study today and then wait a week before your second session.
A．Value exams
B．Give yourself time
C．This allows you to take in their whole face.
D．Their brain structures are in fact the same as ours.
E．Instead, try this tip from Dominic O’Brien, an eight-time World Memory Champion.
F．The theory is that your brain links the words to the environment around you.
G．Studies showed that varying other aspects of your environment can also help.
【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了四個有助于記憶的技巧。
1．D　解析：根據(jù)上文中的“super memorizers don’t have unusually large brain regions”可知，那些記憶達(dá)人并沒有非常大的腦區(qū)域，他們的大腦結(jié)構(gòu)實際上和我們的一樣，故選D項。
2．G　解析：承接上文“During a test, the students who studied in multiple places remembered much more.”，并與空后一句“That includes the time of day, the music in the background, whether you sit or stand, etc.”呼應(yīng)可知，其他方面的環(huán)境變化對記憶也是有幫助的，這與本段介紹的技巧Change routine相吻合，故選G項。
3．E　解析：根據(jù)空前一句“You could use...figuring those numbers out.”和空處下文的內(nèi)容可知，空處推薦了一種不同的方法，這與第一段中效仿記憶達(dá)人的有效記憶策略相呼應(yīng)，故選E項。
4．C　解析：根據(jù)本段的記憶主題Faces和空前一句“Rather than focusing on eyes...a person’s nose.”可知，通過集中注意力于一個人的鼻子可以讓你記住一個人的整個面孔，故選C項。
5．B　解析：根據(jù)該段第一句“To learn and remember statistics, reviewing the material repeatedly over a longer time is far more effective than repeating it in a shorter one.”并結(jié)合對本段的整體理解可推知，本段推薦的記憶技巧是給自己時間，故選B項。
Ⅲ.語法填空
(2020·南昌重點(diǎn)中學(xué)段考)In today’s world of mobile payment, all we really need 1.____________(survive) is a smartphone. But one company is hoping to make traditional wallets cool again, by 2.____________(bring) them into the digital age.
Armenian firm Volterman’s smart wallet takes security to a new level. It’s fitted with different technology, such as 3.____________ alarm, a GPS tracker, and even a camera. If your smartphone and wallet become separate, the alarm will warn you 4.____________ you don’t leave it behind. And if your wallet 5.____________(lose) or stolen, the GPS tracker can help you reach it.
Even 6.____________(interesting) is the front-facing camera. “If someone dares to open your wallet 7.__________ permission, a little camera inside 8.____________(take) a picture and send it to your mobile phone. You will find it 9.____________(easy) by receiving a picture of the thief，” Azat Tovmasyan, Volterman’s founder, told news site Banks.am.
The hightech wallet will be released later this year and will come in three 10.____________(model), with the cheapest expected to cost $179.
【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了一種即將上市的智能錢包。
1．to survive　解析：考查非謂語動詞。此處為動詞不定式作狀語表目的。該句意為：在當(dāng)今的移動支付世界，我們生存真正需要的是一部智能手機(jī)。
2．bringing　解析：考查非謂語動詞。根據(jù)空前的介詞by可知，空處作該介詞的賓語，故用動名詞形式。該句意為：但有一家公司希望通過將傳統(tǒng)錢包帶入數(shù)字時代，讓它們再次變酷。
3．a(chǎn)n　解析：考查冠詞。根據(jù)該句中的“a GPS tracker, and even a camera”并結(jié)合語境可知，該處泛指“一個警報器”，且alarm的發(fā)音以元音音素開頭，故用不定冠詞an。
4．so　解析：考查連詞。句意：如果你的智能手機(jī)和錢包分開了，警報器會提醒你，這樣你就不會忘記它。根據(jù)空處前后的句意可知，空處前后表示因果關(guān)系，故用so引導(dǎo)該結(jié)果狀語從句。
5．is lost　解析：考查動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：如果你的錢包丟失或被盜，GPS跟蹤器可以幫助你找到它。if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句中可用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來，故空處用一般現(xiàn)在時；根據(jù)語境可知，空處表示丟失的狀態(tài)，故用is lost。
6．more interesting　解析：考查形容詞的比較級。上文介紹了如果你的錢包丟失或被盜，GPS跟蹤器可以幫助你找到它的情況，結(jié)合該句中的“Even”可知，此處表示“更令人感興趣的是前置攝像頭”。故該處用形容詞的比較級。
7．without　解析：考查介詞。根據(jù)語境可知，如果有人膽敢在未經(jīng)允許的情況下打開你的錢包，里面的一個小攝像頭就會拍下照片并發(fā)送到你的手機(jī)上。without permission意為“未經(jīng)允許”，為固定用法。
8．will take　解析：考查時態(tài)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該句為主從復(fù)合句，從句為if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句，使用了一般現(xiàn)在時，故主句用一般將來時。該句意為：如果有人膽敢在未經(jīng)允許的情況下打開你的錢包，里面的一個小攝像頭就會拍下照片并發(fā)送到你的手機(jī)上。
9．easily　解析：考查副詞。空處修飾動詞“find”，故用副詞形式。
10．models　解析：考查名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。model為可數(shù)名詞，根據(jù)空前的數(shù)詞“three”可知，該處用復(fù)數(shù)形式。該句意為：這種高科技錢包的三個模型將于今年晚些時候上市，預(yù)計最便宜的價格是179美元。


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