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一、語(yǔ)基必備知識(shí)
(一)重點(diǎn)詞匯——分類記憶
Ⅰ.閱讀詞匯——知其意
1．a(chǎn)ctor n. 　　　　　　　　 演員
2．a(chǎn)ctress n. 女演員
3．writer n. 作者，作家
4．spirit n. 精神
5．explorer n. 探險(xiǎn)家
6．sailor n. 水手，海員
7．voyage n. 航海，航空
8．unknown adj. 不知道的，未知的
9．journey n. 旅行，旅程
10．length n. 長(zhǎng)度，長(zhǎng)
11．centimetre n. 厘米
12．horrible adj. 可怕的；令人厭惡的
13．unable adj. 不能的，不會(huì)的
14．stadium n. 運(yùn)動(dòng)場(chǎng)，體育場(chǎng)
15．wildlife n. 野生生物
Ⅱ.核心詞匯——寫其形
1．participate vi. 參加
2．sign n. 手勢(shì)；符號(hào)
3．hunt v. 打獵，獵殺
4．collection n. 收集，收取
5．ban vt. 禁止
6．handle vt. 對(duì)付
7．discount n. 折扣，減價(jià)
8．trick n. 戲法，把戲
9．float vi. 漂，浮
10．escape vi. 逃脫，逃跑
11．scream vi. (因恐懼、疼痛、興奮等)
尖聲大叫
12．sink vi. 下沉；沉沒(méi)
13．opposite n. 對(duì)立的人(物); 反義詞
14．debate n. 辯論，爭(zhēng)論
15．local adj. 當(dāng)?shù)氐?，地方性?br /> Ⅲ.拓展詞匯——通其變
1．evaluate vt. 評(píng)估，評(píng)價(jià)→evaluation n. 評(píng)價(jià)；評(píng)估
2．a(chǎn)rrange vt. 安排，準(zhǔn)備→arrangement n. 安排
3．frightening adj.令人驚恐的，駭人的→frighten v. (使)驚恐→frightened adj. 害怕的；受驚的
4．persuade vt. 說(shuō)服，勸服→persuasion n. 說(shuō)服，勸說(shuō)→persuasive adj. 有說(shuō)服力的；令人信服的
5．eventually adv. 最終，終于→eventual adj. 最終發(fā)生的；結(jié)果的
6．a(chǎn)pologise vi. 道歉→apology n. 道歉
7．pollute vt. 使污染→pollution n. 污染
8．present vt. 演示；講演→presentation n. 演示；展示
9．intelligence n. 智力，理解力→intelligent adj. 有靈性的；聰明的
10．energetic adj. 有活力的→energy n. 精力；活力
11．measure vi. & vt. (長(zhǎng)度、數(shù)量)為；測(cè)量→measurement n. 尺寸；測(cè)量
12．terrify vt. 令人感到恐懼→terrifying adj. 使人感到恐懼的→terrified adj. 感到恐懼的
13．survive vi. 幸存，生存下來(lái)→survival n. 幸存→survivor n. 幸存者
14．discovery n. 發(fā)現(xiàn)→discover vt. 發(fā)現(xiàn)
15．educate vt. 教育→educator n. 教育工作者→education n. 教育，培養(yǎng)→educated adj. 受過(guò)教育的
16．recognise vt. 辨認(rèn)出→recognition n. 認(rèn)出；承認(rèn)
17．disagree vi. 不同意，意見(jiàn)不合→disagreement n. 意見(jiàn)不合；不一致；分歧→agree vi. 同意(反義詞)
18．a(chǎn)ttract vt. 吸引→attraction n. 吸引人的地方→attractive adj. 有吸引力的


1.由discount想到的
①promotion n．　　　　 促銷
②retail n. 零售
③purchase n．& v. 購(gòu)買
④wholesale n. 批發(fā)
⑤on sale 廉價(jià)出售
⑥new arrival 新品上市
2.“(不)許可”詞匯大觀園
①permit v．　　　　 允許
②allow v. 允許
③forbid v. 禁止
④ban v．& n. 禁止
⑤prohibit v. 禁止
⑥prevent vt. 阻止
3.“處理，對(duì)付”常見(jiàn)詞
①handle
②process
③solve
④do/deal with
⑤treat with
⑥attend to
(二)重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)——記牢用活
1．fill__out　　　　　　　 填寫
2．set__sail 啟航
3．a(chǎn)ccording__to 根據(jù)，依照
4．get__into__trouble 陷入麻煩，陷入困境
5．make__it__to 到達(dá)
6．in__search__of 尋找，尋求
7．make__a__living 謀生
8．watch__out 注意
9．a(chǎn)ll__at__once 突然，忽然
10．pick__up 取，接載
11．in__addition__to 除……之外(還有)
12．be__covered__with 被覆蓋
13．from__then__on 從那時(shí)起
14．on__the__edge__of 在……邊緣
15．in__the__direction__of__ 朝……的方向

1.“位置”短語(yǔ)集錦
①at the top/bottom of...
在……的頂/底部
②at the foot of 在……腳下
③in (the) front of 在……前面(部)
④on the left/right 在左/右邊
⑤in the middle 在中間
⑥on the edge of 在……邊緣
2.“be＋v.-ed＋prep.”短語(yǔ)聯(lián)想
①be related to　 有關(guān)系的；有關(guān)聯(lián)的
②be accustomed to　 習(xí)慣于
③be devoted to 致力于
④be admitted to/into
被接納；被錄取
⑤be absorbed in 全神貫注于
⑥be covered with 被覆蓋
3.“make a＋n.”短語(yǔ)一覽
①make a difference
有影響，使不相同
②make a contribution　 做出貢獻(xiàn)
③make a decision 做出決定
④make a mistake 犯錯(cuò)誤
⑤make a noise 制造噪音
⑥make a living 謀生
(三)重點(diǎn)句式——背熟巧用

句型公式
教材原句
句型1：倍數(shù)句型：...times＋as...as...
It’s three__times__as__big underwater.
(冰山)水下部分是水上部分的三倍大。
句型2：否定詞與比較級(jí)連用表示最高級(jí)含義
You certainly won’t find a noisier fish.
你當(dāng)然不會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)比這更吵的魚了。
句型3：獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)
One day, my two brothers and I were coming back from the islands, our__boat__full__of__fish．
一天，我和我的兩個(gè)兄弟從海島上打魚歸來(lái)，船上載滿了魚。
句型4：be doing...when...正在做……這時(shí)……
Our boat survived，and I was__trying__to recover when my elder brother put his mouth close to my ear, and screamed out the terrifying word “Whirlpool！”　我們的船保住了。我剛從恐懼中回過(guò)神來(lái)，就在這時(shí)，哥哥把嘴湊到我耳旁，說(shuō)出那個(gè)讓人膽戰(zhàn)心驚的詞“漩渦！”
二、語(yǔ)境強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練
Ⅰ.語(yǔ)境填詞——根據(jù)提示寫出該詞的適當(dāng)形式
1．(2018·浙江卷6月)Many cities with bans(禁令) still allow shoppers to purchase paper bags, which are easily recycled but require more energy to produce and transport.
2．With much rubbish floating(漂浮) on the river, I appeal to everyone to protect our environment.
3．(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)A lunchtime escape(休息；解脫) allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder. She returns to work feeling energized.
4．(2019·浙江卷6月)We should especially recognize(承認(rèn)) our children’s efforts to push themselves and work hard to achieve a goal.
5．(2018·江蘇卷)It found many youngsters(少年) now measure(衡量) their status by how much public approval they get online, often through “l(fā)ikes”．
6．The key approaches to be used in test and evaluation(evaluate) are proven.
7．She telephoned Ellen, but made no arrangements(arrange) to see her.
8．The performance presented(present) by us on Christmas Day was greeted with a cold silence.
9．All in all, Andy is energetic(energy) enough to be a leader.
10．(北京卷)She created a website page, matching survivors(survive) in need with donors who wanted to help.
Ⅱ.派生詞練習(xí)——用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
1．The girl was frightened to see the frightening scene of the accident and she ran to another two frightened children.(frighten)
2．What happened that day terrified all the people living here.It was a terrifying moment and many people were still terrified at the thought of the scene.(terrify)
3．My plan is practical, but the manager disagrees to it.To my anger, there is also some disagreement among my colleagues. Only a few of them agree with me.(agree)
4．The young man is well educated and his parents are both educators and they received much education in a foreign country.(educate)
5．Only four people survived in the accident.When the four survivors were interviewed, they said that their survival was a wonder.(survive)
Ⅲ.選詞成篇
be covered with; make a living; in addition to; pick up; in search of; fill out; participate in; get into trouble
Lake Tai 1.was__covered__with algae(藻) years ago, which seriously polluted the lake.The local people’s life 2.got__into__trouble because many of them 3.made__a__living by fishing. 4.In__addition__to this, Lake Tai attracted a large number of people to visit it every year.Now the government has been 5.in__search__of ways to clean it. A lot of people have 6.filled__out their names and 7.participated__in the movement. The environment of Lake Tai has begun to 8.pick__up.
make sense; set sail; make it to; watch out; in the direction of; rather than; according to
My friend Dennis is an explorer, and he has a lot of experiences. He thinks that practice 9.rather__than theory 10.makes__sense. Adventure on the sea is extremely dangerous, but he still can persuade some people to join in his adventure on the sea. 11.According__to his arrangement, they 12.set__sail last year 13.in__the__direction__of west in search of whales. On the way, he warned his fellows to 14.watch__out for sharks in case they got into trouble. Unfortunately, when they were having supper, a terrifying shark took them by surprise. They fought against it using harpoons(魚叉) in their hands.With their joint efforts, they survived finally. After a month’s travel on the sea, they 15.made__it__to their destination and found the whales.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．這張桌子是那張的兩倍寬。
This desk is twice__as__wide__as that one.
2．在我看來(lái)， 世界上沒(méi)有比長(zhǎng)城更美的地方了。
In my opinion, there is no__more__beautiful__place__than the Great Wall in the world.
3．由于是星期天，我們今天不必上學(xué)。
It__being__Sunday,__we needn’t go to school today.
4．他正在街上走著，這時(shí)天開始下雨了。
He was__walking__in__the__street__when it began to rain.

participate　vi.參與；參加
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空
①Having__participated(participate) in several similar activities before, I know well how to handle emergencies.
②(江蘇卷)Things will turn for the better if we can work out some participation(participate) rules for people to obey.
[能力提升]——詞匯升級(jí)
③(普通表達(dá))Those who want to join in the contest are supposed to sign up before May 20th.
(高級(jí)表達(dá))Those who want to participate__in__ the contest are supposed to sign up before May 20th.

(1)participate in　　　 參加
(2)participant n. 參加者
participation n. 參與；參加；分享
[佳句背誦] These two teams train for two hours a day and participate in competitions regularly.
這兩個(gè)隊(duì)每天訓(xùn)練兩個(gè)小時(shí)并定期參加比賽。(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)
[聯(lián)想發(fā)散] “參加”薈萃：
①take__part__in；②join__in；③compete__in；
④participate__in
arrange　vt.籌備；安排；整理
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空
①The company will arrange for a taxi to__meet(meet) you at the airport.
②If you are interested, please sign up at the office before 5：00 p．m. next Thursday so that we will make necessary arrangements(arrange)．
③I’d like to tell you that my classmates and I have arranged to__visit(visit) the nearby nursing home next Saturday for the Double Ninth Festival.
[能力提升]——完成句子
④(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)我們已經(jīng)安排好這部短篇電影將于明天下午四點(diǎn)到五點(diǎn)半在我們學(xué)校劇院放映。
We__have__arranged__that__the__short__film__will__be__on__show from 16：00 to 17：30 at our school theatre tomorrow.

(1)arrange sth. for sb.　　　 為某人安排某事
arrange (for sb.) to do sth. 安排(某人)做某事
(2)arrangement n. 布置；整理；安排
make arrangements for 安排好……
[佳句背誦] Parents arrange everything for their children and spare no effort to pave the way for their success.　父母為孩子們安排好一切，不遺余力地為他們的成功鋪路。
[名師點(diǎn)津] (1)表示“安排某人做某事”用arrange for sb.to do sth.而不用arrange sb.to do sth.；
(2)make arrangements for中的arrangement常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
sign　n．符號(hào)，記號(hào)；跡象，征兆；手勢(shì)；招牌，標(biāo)志　v．簽署；示意，打手勢(shì)
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空
①Please sign in when you arrive at the building, and sign out when you leave.
②Over half the people who signed up to do engineering were men.
③The policeman signed to the woman to__stop(stop) crossing the road.
④(2017·浙江卷6月)If your news station or school requires interviewees to__sign(sign) release forms to appear on the air, don’t leave work without them.
[能力提升]——完成句子
⑤在班主任進(jìn)入教室前，我們的班長(zhǎng)向我們示意要停止說(shuō)話。
Our monitor signed__to__us__to__stop talking before our headteacher came into the classroom.

(1)a sign of...　　　 ……的跡象/征兆/標(biāo)志
(2)sign (to sb.) to do sth.
示意(某人)去做某事
sign in 簽到
sign out 簽退
sign up/on (sb.) 報(bào)名，注冊(cè)，簽約雇用(某人)
[佳句背誦]
In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority.　
另一種用法是，亞洲文化的人們或許把沉默看作是尊敬的標(biāo)志，特別是對(duì)一位老人或者有權(quán)威的人。(全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)
persuade　vt.說(shuō)服，勸說(shuō)
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空/對(duì)比填空
①She was persuaded to__believe(believe) what he said and promised to help him out of the trouble.
②While shopping, people sometimes can’t help being__persuaded(persuade) into buying something they don’t really need.
③Though I had advised her for many times, I couldn’t persuade her to go abroad with me because her life experience had persuaded her that she could not live on without her parents.(persuade與advise)
[能力提升]——一句多譯
(浙江卷)我設(shè)法說(shuō)服我的同學(xué)接納了我的想法。
④I managed to persuade__my__classmates__to__accept__my__idea．(persuade)
⑤I managed to persuade__my__classmates__into__accepting__my__idea．(persuade)
⑥I managed to talk__my__classmates__into__accepting__my__idea．(talk)
⑦I managed to convince__my__classmates__to__accept__my__idea．(convince)


(1)說(shuō)服某人做某事
(2)
(3)
[佳句背誦] He is so stubborn that perhaps nobody can persuade him to change his mind.
他那么頑固以至于或許沒(méi)有人能說(shuō)服他改變主意。
[名師點(diǎn)津] “說(shuō)服某人做某事”薈萃：
①persuade sb.into doing sth.；
②talk sb.into doing sth.；
③convince sb.to do sth.
apologise　vi.道歉；辯白
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空
①(2017·天津卷)Respond quickly and briefly, apologising for your mistake.
②I must make an apology(apologise) to him for not being able to attend his party.
[能力提升]——一句多譯
老師建議我為不能守約向你道歉。
③My teacher made__a__suggestion that I should apologise to you for failing to keep the appointment.
④My teacher recommended me to make__an__apology to you for failing to keep the appointment.

(1)apologis(z)e to sb. for (doing) sth.
　　　　　　　　　 因(做)某事向某人道歉
(2)apology n. 道歉；辯白
make an apology to sb. for sth.
因某事向某人道歉
owe sb. an apology 應(yīng)向某人道歉　
[佳句背誦] I owe you an apology for the fact that I cannot go to the bookstore with you on Friday afternoon.　我應(yīng)為星期五下午不能和你一起去書店向你道歉。(全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)
ban　vt.禁止　n．禁止，禁令
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空
①China began to ban smoking(smoke) in all the offices later that year.
②In my opinion, the teachers and parents should ban them from playing such Internet games.
③The President supported a global ban on nuclear testing.
[能力提升]——完成句子
④他們簽署了禁止使用化學(xué)武器的協(xié)議。
They signed agreements banning__the__use__of chemical weapons.
⑤他因?yàn)闆](méi)有保險(xiǎn)行車而被禁止開車三個(gè)月。
He was__banned__from__driving for three months because of driving with no insurance.

(1)ban doing sth.　　　　　 禁止(做)某事
ban sb.from (doing) sth. 禁止某人(做)某事
(2)a ban on sth. 對(duì)……的禁令
[佳句背誦] Walking will be banned on escalators as part of a trail designed to reduce congestion at some of the country’s busiest stations.
在自動(dòng)扶梯上禁止行走，這是在該國(guó)家的一些最繁忙的車站減少擁堵所設(shè)計(jì)的一系列措施的一部分。(上海卷)
present　n．現(xiàn)在，目前；禮物　vt.陳述；提出(觀點(diǎn)、計(jì)劃等)；贈(zèng)送；呈現(xiàn)　adj.出席的，在場(chǎng)的；現(xiàn)在的
[一詞多義]——寫出下列句中present的詞性和含義
①The present situation is taking a turn for the better.adj.當(dāng)前的
②Classic works, written by masters, present great thoughts through fascinating stories and language.v.呈現(xiàn)
③All the people present at the party were his supporters.adj.出席的；在場(chǎng)的
④(北京卷)I was extremely interested in the ideas he presented in class.vt.陳述；提出
⑤(湖南卷)Whenever you buy a present, you should think about it from the receiver’s point of view.n.禮物
[能力提升]——完成句子
⑥On Teachers’ Day, my students presented__me__with__some__flowers/presented__some__flowers__to__me(送給我一些鮮花)．
⑦(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)At__present(目前), the world has about 6，800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven.

(1)present sb. with sth.＝present sth.to sb.
　　　　　　　　 把某物贈(zèng)送給某人
(2)be present at... 出席……
(3)at present 現(xiàn)在，目前
for the present 眼前，暫時(shí)　
[名師點(diǎn)津] present 用作形容詞，表示“出席的，在場(chǎng)的”時(shí)，通常作表語(yǔ)或后置定語(yǔ)；表示“現(xiàn)在的，當(dāng)前的”時(shí)，常用作前置定語(yǔ)。
[詞塊助記](méi) present awards
授予獎(jiǎng)品/獎(jiǎng)金/獎(jiǎng)狀
the present difficulties/problems/situation
當(dāng)前的困難/問(wèn)題/形勢(shì)
Make the past serve the present.　古為今用。
attract　vt.吸引；引起……的注意(或興趣等)　vi.吸引
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空
①a.(2019·北京卷)Sports team owners spend millions of dollars attracting(attract) top talent.
b．(上海卷)The company is starting a new advertising campaign to__attract__(attract) new customers to its stores.
②What attracted me most to the job was the chance to travel around the world.
③a.Mount Tai is attractive(attract) to tourists for its beautiful scenery and historical sites.
b．(全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Now this former royal palace is open to the public as a major tourist__attraction(attract)．
[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升級(jí)
④(普通表達(dá))She was__attracted__by__the__beauty__of__the__West__Lake(被西湖的美所吸引), so she decided to stay another two days.
⑤(高級(jí)表達(dá))Attracted__by__the__beauty__of__the__West__Lake,__she decided to stay another two days.(分詞作狀語(yǔ))

(1)attract sb.to...　　　　 把某人吸引到……
attract sb.’s attention 吸引某人的注意力
(2)attraction n. 吸引(力); 具有吸
引力的人/事物
attractive adj. 有吸引力的；引起興趣的
[佳句背誦] Even the youngest children in the class were attracted by the story. They listened with great interest.　即使班上最小的孩子也被這個(gè)故事所吸引。他們饒有興趣地聽著。(四川卷)
[詞塊助記](méi)
tourist attractions　　　 旅游勝地
attract a lot of interest 引起了很大的興趣
attract the attention of the students
引起學(xué)生們的注意
measure　n．尺寸；大??；措施　vt.測(cè)量；測(cè)定；評(píng)估；有……長(zhǎng)(或?qū)?、高?
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空
①a.The new bridge measuring(measure) twice as long as the old one, is due to be completed in 2021.
b．A society measured(measure) by money alone cannot be one of equal success, and it’s something no nation or community can afford to have.
②(北京卷)Although these measures(measure) are not effective forever, they are vital for now.
③Our government is trying to take measures to__solve(solve) these problems.
[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升級(jí)
④(普通表達(dá)) It’s high time that we should__take/took__measures__to__prevent__air_
_from__being__polluted(采取措施防止空氣污染)．
⑤(高級(jí)表達(dá)) It’s high time that measures__should__be__taken/were__taken__to__prevent__air__from__being__polluted．(被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))

(1)measure...by...　 　 用……來(lái)衡量……
be measured by/in... 用……來(lái)計(jì)算/衡量
(2)take measures (to do sth.)
采取措施(做某事)
make...to one’s measure
按某人的尺寸做……　
[名師點(diǎn)津] measure作名詞表示“措施”時(shí)，常用其復(fù)數(shù)形式。作動(dòng)詞表示“有……長(zhǎng)/寬/高”時(shí)，為不及物動(dòng)詞，不用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和進(jìn)行時(shí)，若此意義的短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)時(shí)，要用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。
[詞塊助記](méi)
take effective measures　 采取有效措施
measuring instruments 測(cè)量?jī)x器
a good measure of reading comprehension
判斷閱讀理解力的好方法
recognise　vt.認(rèn)出，識(shí)別；承認(rèn)；認(rèn)識(shí)；認(rèn)知
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空
①a.(2019·江蘇卷)China’s image is improving steadily, with more countries recognizing(recognize) its role in international affairs.
b．If you want to get your ability recognised(recognise), you have to show it in your work rather than complain all day.
②(安徽卷)I haven’t seen Sara since she was a little girl, and she has changed beyond recognition(recognise)．
[能力提升]——句式升級(jí)
(普通表達(dá))People recognise that environmental pollution has become one of the most serious problems that people face.
③(高級(jí)表達(dá))It__is__recognised__that environmental pollution has become one of the most serious problems that people face. (it作形式主語(yǔ))
④(高級(jí)表達(dá))Environmental pollution is__recognised__to__have__become one of the most serious problems that people face. (被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))

(1)recognis(z)e sb./one’s voice
認(rèn)出某人/聽出某人的聲音
recognis(z)e ...as/to be
承認(rèn)……是；認(rèn)出……是
It is recognis(z)ed that...
人們公認(rèn)……
(2)recognition n. 認(rèn)出；認(rèn)識(shí)
beyond recognition 認(rèn)不出來(lái)
[佳句背誦] Cellphones, which are now universally recognised as/to be a must, have a great effect on us.　手機(jī)現(xiàn)在被普遍認(rèn)為是一種必需品， 對(duì)我們有很大的影響。
[名師點(diǎn)津] 表示“認(rèn)為……是……”的短語(yǔ)：
①regard...as...；②consider...as...；③see...as...；④view...as...；⑤think of...as...；⑥look on...as...；⑦treat...as...；⑧think...to be...
escape　v．逃跑；逃脫；逃避；被忘記　n．逃跑；解脫，消遣
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空
①Whoever breaks the law won’t escape punishment/being__punished(punish)．
②He ever had a narrow escape from the adventurous sport, so he doesn’t dare to try it again.
[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升級(jí)
③(普通表達(dá))The woman managed__to__escape__from__the__fire(成功逃出火場(chǎng)) with her baby. She was extremely terrified and exhausted.
④(高級(jí)表達(dá))The woman managed__to__escape__from__the__fire__with__her__baby,_
_extremely__terrified__and__exhausted. (形容詞作狀語(yǔ))

(1)escape (doing) sth.　　 逃脫(做)某事
escape from/out of... 從……逃跑，逃走
(2)have a narrow escape 九死一生　
[佳句背誦] With the greatest of luck he managed to escape from the rising flood waters.
非常幸運(yùn)，他設(shè)法從快速上漲的洪水中逃脫。
[詞塊助記](méi)
escape one’s attention　　　 逃過(guò)某人的注意
escape one’s notice 被某人忽視
a fire escape 安全門
survive　vi.幸存；生存下來(lái)
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空
①(福建卷)Human life is regarded as part of nature and, as such, the only way for us to__survive(survive) is to live in harmony with nature.
②a.After the plane crash, what the survivors(survive) could do was to wait for rescue on this desert island.
b．(2017·江蘇卷)Determining where we are in relation to our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival(survive)．
[能力提升]——句式升級(jí)
③(普通表達(dá))After we survived that night, we were confident that everything else would be all right.
(高級(jí)表達(dá))Having__survived__that__night,__we were confident that everything else would be all right.(現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ))

(1)survive＋n.(the fire/earthquake/accident...)
　　　 從(火災(zāi)/地震/事故等)中生還
survive on 靠……維持生活；
靠……存活下來(lái)
(2)survival n. [U]幸存；[C]遺物，幸存物
survivor n. 幸存者，死里逃生的人　
[名師點(diǎn)津] survive表示“從地震、火災(zāi)、事故等中幸存下來(lái)”時(shí)，為及物動(dòng)詞，其后不可接介詞from或in。
[詞塊助記](méi)
survive on such a low salary
靠這么低的工資維持生計(jì)
survive the economic crisis 挺過(guò)經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)
get into trouble　陷入麻煩，陷入困境　
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空
①If you get into trouble, you can depend on your best friend to help you.
②The rich man is generous and often helps the people in trouble.
③The doctor said that delaying this type of operation was just asking for trouble.
④We will take the trouble to__help(help) our neighbors out this time.
[能力提升]——一句多譯
不論什么時(shí)候?qū)W習(xí)遇到困難， 請(qǐng)找我們幫忙。
⑤Please turn to us for help whenever you have__trouble__with__your__study. (trouble)
⑥Please turn to us for help whenever you have__problems__with__your__study. (problem)
⑦Please turn to us for help whenever you have__trouble/difficulty__in__studying. (trouble/difficulty)

(1)get sb.into/out of trouble
　　　　　　　　　 使某人陷入/擺脫困境
ask for trouble 自找麻煩；自討苦吃
make trouble 制造麻煩，搗亂
in trouble 處于困境中

　 have trouble/difficulty (in) doing sth.
做某事遇到麻煩
　have trouble/problem with sth.
做某事有困難
[佳句背誦] If you don’t slow down, you will possibly get into trouble.
如果你不減速，你可能會(huì)陷入麻煩。
make it to　到達(dá)(to為介詞)　
[一詞多義]——寫出下列句中make it的含義
①The flight leaves in twenty minutes—we’ll never make it.準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá)
②We didn’t make it to the party in the end.出席
③Frank was very ill, and the doctor didn’t think he’d make it.病情好轉(zhuǎn)
[能力提升]——完成句子
④你決不應(yīng)該灰心喪氣。繼續(xù)努力，你遲早會(huì)成功的。
In no sense should you lose heart; keep trying and you will__make__it__sooner__or__later．
⑤我必須耐心點(diǎn)，盡量習(xí)慣這兒的生活。我想我能做得到。
I must try my best to have patience and become used to the life here. I think I__can__make__it．

make it　獲得成功；準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá)(尤其在困難的情況下)；幸免于難；渡過(guò)難關(guān)；能夠出席(或到場(chǎng))；病情好轉(zhuǎn)
[佳句背誦]
①Don’t hide.Run! You’ll make it to tomorrow.
別躲避，奔跑吧，你就會(huì)找到明天。
②She’s very ambitious but I doubt she’ll ever make it to the top.
她很有抱負(fù)，但我懷疑她究竟能否成功。
in search of　尋找
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——對(duì)比填空(search for; in search of; search)
①He is determined to go to the USA in__search__of a better life.
②I searched__the room for the lost key, but in vain.
③(浙江卷)Jane thought and decided to search__for some food.
[能力提升]——一句多譯
每年都有許多受過(guò)良好教育的年輕人去海南島找工作。
④Every year, many well-educated young people go to Hainan Island in__search__of__jobs．(search n．)
⑤Every year, many well-educated young people go to Hainan Island to__search__for__jobs．(search v．)

search sth./sb.　　　 搜查某物/搜身
search for＝look for 尋找
search...for... 為找到……而搜查……　
[佳句背誦] Firstly, they spent more time in search of food. Secondly, their muscles grew smaller and weaker.
首先，他們花了更多的時(shí)間尋找食物。其次，他們的肌肉變得越來(lái)越小，越來(lái)越弱。(2019·江蘇卷)
[名師點(diǎn)津]
search sb.　　　　　　 搜身
search for sb. 尋找某人
make sense　講得通；有意義；有道理
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空
①(天津卷)See, your computer has broken down again！It doesn’t make sense to__buy(buy) the cheapest brand of computer just to save a few dollars.
②There is no sense in complaining(complain). We should take action now.
③In no sense should you lose heart; keep trying and your effort will pay off in time.
④You are right in a sense, but you do not know all the facts.
⑤As parents we have a responsibility to give our children a sense of belonging(belong)．
[能力提升]——詞匯升級(jí)
⑥(普通表達(dá))It is necessary to explain your theory at length, otherwise the audience won’t understand what you are trying to get across.
(高級(jí)表達(dá))It is necessary to explain your theory at length, otherwise the audience won’t make__sense__of what you are trying to get across.

(1)make sense of　 了解……的意義，懂得
it makes sense to do sth.
做某事有意義
(2)in a sense 從某種意義上說(shuō)
in no sense 決不(用在句首時(shí)，句子用部分倒裝)
(3)There is no sense in (doing) sth.
(口語(yǔ))(做)某事是沒(méi)有意義的?！?
[詞塊助記](méi)
common sense　　　　 常識(shí)
a sense of direction/humour/duty
方向感/幽默感/責(zé)任感
a sense of belonging 歸屬感
a sense of loss 失落感
the sense organs 感覺(jué)器官
the sense of sight/hearing/taste/touch
視/聽/味/觸覺(jué)

倍數(shù)句型：...times＋as...as...
(教材P12)It’s three times as big underwater.
(冰山)水下部分是水上部分的三倍大。
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空
①(江蘇卷)The electronic waste stream is increasing three times faster(fast) than traditional garbage as a whole.
②The new stadium being built for the 2022 Olympic Winter Games will be three times the height(high) of the present one.
[能力提升]——一句多譯
在建的體育館將是操場(chǎng)的三倍大。
③The new stadium being built will be three__times__as__big__as the playground.
④The new stadium being built will be three__times__the__size__of the playground.
⑤The new stadium being built will be twice__bigger__than the playground.

句中three times as big是倍數(shù)表達(dá)的一種常用形式，其基本結(jié)構(gòu)：...倍數(shù)＋as many/much＋n.＋as...。常見(jiàn)的倍數(shù)句型：
(1) ...倍數(shù)＋as＋adj./adv.＋as...
(2) ...倍數(shù)＋形容詞比較級(jí)/副詞比較級(jí)＋than...
(3) ...倍數(shù)＋the size/length/height/depth/width＋of...
[佳句背誦] It’s said that the power plant is now twice as large as what it was.
據(jù)說(shuō)該發(fā)電廠現(xiàn)在是以前的兩倍大。(安徽卷)
[名師點(diǎn)津] 表示“兩倍”時(shí)用twice或double，三倍或三倍以上用“基數(shù)詞＋times”表達(dá)。此句型中倍數(shù)也可以用分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)或half等其他程度狀語(yǔ)。
否定詞與比較級(jí)連用表示最高級(jí)含義
(教材P12)You certainly won’t find a noisier fish.
你當(dāng)然不會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)比這更吵的魚了。
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空
①M(fèi)r. Smith is a great teacher—I really couldn’t find a better(good) teacher.
②You can never be too careful while crossing the street.
[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升級(jí)
(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)就我個(gè)人而言，在我們的日常生活中身體健康最重要。
③(普通表達(dá))In my view, health__is__the__most__important__thing in our daily life.
④(高級(jí)表達(dá))From my point of view, nothing__is__more__important__than__health in our daily life. (否定詞＋比較級(jí))


表示最高級(jí)含義的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)：
(1)否定詞＋比較級(jí)表示“沒(méi)有比……更……；沒(méi)有像……一樣……”，常用的否定詞有no, not, never, nothing, nobody, hardly等。
(2)　
[佳句背誦] As a student, I can tell you that there is nothing better than being praised by the teacher before classmates.　作為一個(gè)學(xué)生，我可以告訴你，沒(méi)有什么比在同學(xué)面前被老師表?yè)P(yáng)更好的了。
獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)
(教材P14)One day, my two brothers and I were coming back from the islands, our boat full of fish.
一天，我和我的兩個(gè)兄弟從海島上打魚歸來(lái)，船上載滿了魚。
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空/單句改錯(cuò)
①a.(全國(guó)卷)The party will be held in the garden, weather permitting(permit)．
b．(江蘇卷)Much time spent(spend) sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems.
②The largest collection ever found in England was one of about 200，000 silver pennies

all of which over 600 years old.which→them或在which后加were,　　常見(jiàn)的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)：
名詞/代詞＋　
[佳句背誦] My childhood full of play and adventure, no one could have passed a happier childhood than myself.　我的童年充滿了嬉戲和冒險(xiǎn)，沒(méi)人能像我那樣歡快地度過(guò)童年。
[名師點(diǎn)津] 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語(yǔ)與主句的主語(yǔ)不一致，它獨(dú)立存在。該結(jié)構(gòu)在句中一般作狀語(yǔ)，表示時(shí)間、條件、原因、伴隨狀況等。

維度一　在空白處填入括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式
1．(2018·江蘇卷)The extensive collection(collect) consists of masterworks in sculpture, colored glass, and precious objects from Europe dating from about the 9th to the 15th century.
2．The woman was awarded a degree in recognition(recognize) of her work in the community.
3．(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration(explore) in the heart of Washington, D．C.
4．(2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)This attractive(attract) tour takes you to some of San Francisco’s most cheerful holiday scenes.
5．(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)It’s possible that we all have compromised conversational intelligence(intelligent)．
維度二　在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~
1．He is so stubborn that I don’t know how to persuade him to move to that house.
2．(浙江卷)Europeans see a piggy bank as a sign of good fortune and wealth.
3．The policeman caught the robber, who was trying to escape from the police car.
4．Because of cheating, Charlie has been banned from cycling for a year.
5．Joanna has finally made it to the first rank of celebrity after 25 years as an actress.
維度三　易錯(cuò)混用(改正下列句子中的錯(cuò)誤)
1．You’d better make a apology to your teacher for your being late.a→an
2．Some students have trouble with remembering new words.with→in或刪除with
3．I still remember the day when we spent together in Hong Kong.when→that/which
4．Being a student，you are supposed to participate more out-of-class activities.在participate后加in
5．Read this long sentence again and tell me if it makes a sense.刪除a
維度四　語(yǔ)境品詞(寫出加黑詞匯在語(yǔ)境中的意義)
1．The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people are persuaded to eat more fruit and vegetables.說(shuō)服；勸說(shuō)
2．Bob looked back only to find an old classmate whose name escaped him for the moment.被遺忘
3．(2019·天津卷)If a predator can eat several species, it can survive the extinction of one of them.幸存
4．The schoolmaster said that some measures should be taken to stop the school violence.措施
5．With everything arranged, the manager left for England to attend an important business meeting.安排；籌備
6．In the questionnaire，the subjects are questioned whether they advocate banning cars in the city center.禁止
7．During the last three decades, the number of people participating in physical fitness programme has increased sharply.參加

提能一　語(yǔ)段填空(短文中黑體部分為本單元核心知識(shí)點(diǎn)，請(qǐng)補(bǔ)全短文，并背誦體會(huì)黑體部分用法)
According 1.to an old story, once there was an old man who made a 2.living(live) by fishing. One day, he arranged to go to sea 3.in search of some treasures in the sea. He was about to make it to the destination 4.when a big shark appeared. Though he 5.got(get) into great trouble, he remembered that his wife persuaded him 6.to__watch(watch) out for dangerous sea animals, so he came up with a wonderful idea to deal 7.with the problem. At last, he got rid of the shark and 8.made(make) it to a safe place. Later he made an 9.apology(apologise) to his wife and promised that he would never set sail on 10.his(he) own any more.
提能二　話題寫作(用本單元詞匯、句式和語(yǔ)法知識(shí)寫滿分作文)
1．補(bǔ)全要點(diǎn)句(黑體部分請(qǐng)用本單元所學(xué)詞匯)
①布朗先生是一個(gè)探險(xiǎn)家，他精力充沛。
Mr. Brown, who__is__energetic,__is an explorer.
②去年他決定航海去舊金山(San Francisco)。
Last year he decided to set__sail__to San Francisco.
③因?yàn)轱L(fēng)太大，他左腿受傷，陷入了困境。
Because the wind was strong, his left leg was injured and he got__into__trouble．
④他碰巧看見(jiàn)遠(yuǎn)處有一艘大船，他得救了。
He happened__to__see__a__large__ship__in__the__distance and he was saved.
⑤三個(gè)月后他康復(fù)了。
He recovered__from__his__injury and that took him three months.
⑥他又開始了新的探險(xiǎn)。
He began__his__new__exploration again.
2．升級(jí)平淡句
⑦用because of...升級(jí)句③
Because__of__the__strong__wind,__his__left__leg__was__injured__and__he__got__into__trouble.
⑧用it作形式主語(yǔ)升級(jí)句⑤
It__took__him__three__months__to__recover__from__his__injury.
3．銜接成美文(注意使用適當(dāng)?shù)倪^(guò)渡銜接詞匯：eventually)
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One possible version：
Mr. Brown, who is energetic, is an explorer. Last year he decided to set sail to San Francisco. Because of the strong wind, his left leg was injured and he got into trouble. He happened to see a large ship in the distance and eventually he was saved. It took him three months to recover from his injury. He began his new exploration again.

課時(shí)練1　2篇閱讀＋1篇完形
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
(2020·河南六市高三聯(lián)考)It’s thought that around 5 trillion pieces of plastic are currently floating in our oceans.
Both mammals and fish benefit from the clean ocean. It is reported that more than 8 million tons of plastic end up in our oceans every year, and nearly half of the plastic we produce is single-use only.
This shoe brand, however, is riding the wave of change and is on a mission to help clean up our waters and rid the sea of plastic bottles that can take up to 400 years to break down. Vivobarefoot’s newest footwear uses recycled plastic materials and has created an education program that spreads awareness about how harmful plastic is for sea life.
Every pair of shoes is made up of 17 plastic water bottles taken from the ocean and turned into a sustainable, comfortable pair of shoes, which are also healthy for your feet. And while not everyone can take part in ocean cleanups, choosing little ways we can give back to our planet goes a long way.
Vivobarefoot’s new products include a variety of high performance styles such as casual sneakers, running shoes, and hiking boots. The brand hopes that its latest initiative(新方案) will help lessen the indifference to pollution and how harmful it is for all living beings.
In the future, Vivobarefoot hopes to increase their production of shoes created from sustainable materials, and thankfully, it is now one of many brands that aim to increase environmentalism and educate communities on how global warming affects everyone.
This year, they’ll add more recyclable and traceable materials into more than half of their production line, and they have plenty of creative developments in the works as well.
The shoes also have a health benefit. Based on the concept that wider, minimally designed shoes enable our foot to function at maximum potential, wearers also experience better balance and sensory input.
【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】　本文主要介紹了一家利用海洋中的廢棄塑料瓶造鞋的公司。
1．How does the author make his point convincing?
A．By listing figures.
B．By telling a story.
C．By giving examples.
D．By making comparisons.
A　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段和第二段所列舉的數(shù)字可推知，作者是通過(guò)數(shù)字來(lái)增加說(shuō)服力的，故選A。
2．What is Vivobarefoot doing to help with the marine creatures?
A．Donating money to buy food for them.
B．Keeping the ocean free from plastic bottles.
C．Producing more shoes from sustainable materials.
D．Raising public awareness of recycling and reuse.
B　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句“This shoe brand, however, is riding the wave of change and is on a mission to help clean up our waters and rid the sea of plastic bottles that can take up to 400 years to break down.”可知，這家公司是通過(guò)清除海洋塑料瓶來(lái)幫助海洋生物的，故選B。
3．What is probably Vivobarefoot’s operation philosophy?
A．Customer-focused.
B．Service-oriented.
C．Money-saving.
D．Environmentally-friendly.
D　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Every pair of shoes is...a sustainable, comfortable pair of shoes”和第六段中的“it is now one of many brands that aim to increase environmentalism and educate communities on how global warming affects everyone”可推知，這家公司的經(jīng)營(yíng)理念是環(huán)保，故選D。
4．What can we learn from the text?
A．Vivobarefoot’s new products haven’t been released.
B．Vivobarefoot is the most popular shoe brand in the world.
C．Vivobarefoot cares about not only its business but also public services.
D．Vivobarefoot is the first company to find the new function of waste materials.
C　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“This year, they’ll add more recyclable and traceable materials into more than half of their production line, and they have plenty of creative developments in the works as well.”可推知，Vivobarefoot公司不僅僅關(guān)注生意，而且還關(guān)注公益服務(wù)，故選C。
B
(2020·福建質(zhì)量檢查)TrailSafe! is a unique safety training program designed specifically for National Park Service(NPS) Trail Volunteers, but is useful to everyone! It’s based upon NPS Operational Leadership Training, where the human factor of safety is explored. TrailSafe! captures the core learning objectives of the 16-hour Operational Leadership course while allowing volunteers to learn from their own homes online.
The TrailSafe! series includes eight video lessons, each ranging in length from 18 to 40 minutes. Watch them over the course of multiple days, or “binge-watch” the entire series in three hours—it’s up to you—but please watch them in order from Lesson 1 through Lesson 8. After viewing the lessons, send your training verification(證實(shí)) emails to register your participation. When you have viewed and registered for all eight individual lessons, each participant will receive a TrailSafe! pin and a SPE/GAR card in the mail for use in the field. Thank you for helping to make Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore one of the safest work environments for NPS Trail Volunteers like yourself.
Ready to start?
Click on this link to access all TrailSafe! videos: https: //www.nps.gov/iatr/trail-safe.htm
If you require Audio Descriptive versions of TrailSafe！， the link to those videos is also available on the Ice Age National Scenic Trail site.
Record your participation
In order to receive credits for your participation, please fill in your answers to the following questions and send an email to: daniel_watson@nps.gov.
●Which video lesson did you just complete viewing?
●Name of the Trail where you volunteer.
●Your name and full mailing address, so we may send your course completion materials to you.
●Names and addresses of others if you are viewing this lesson in a group setting.
●Optional：Please let us know any comments or suggestions you have about this lesson.
Upon registering your completion for the entire eight lesson series, you’ll receive your TrailSafe! pin and risk assessment card via mail.
【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】　本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，主要介紹了TrailSafe！道路安全培訓(xùn)課程的情況，包括學(xué)習(xí)方法、申報(bào)途徑等。
5．What is the aim of TrailSafe??？
A．To develop volunteers’ operational leadership.
B．To offer links to the websites for learning.
C．To provide credits for viewing.
D．To pass the risk assessment.
A　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第二句“It’s based upon NPS Operational Leadership Training, where the human factor of safety is explored.”，并結(jié)合該段內(nèi)容可知，TrailSafe！培訓(xùn)課程基于NPS運(yùn)營(yíng)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)培訓(xùn)，在此培訓(xùn)中探索安全方面的人為因素。據(jù)此可推知，該課程旨在開發(fā)志愿者的運(yùn)營(yíng)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能力，故A項(xiàng)正確。
6．How long does it take the participants to watch the eight videos at a time?
A．18 minutes. B．40 minutes.
C．3 hours. D．16 hours.
C　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句中的“‘binge-watch’ the entire series in three hours”可知，一次性看完8個(gè)視頻課程需要3個(gè)小時(shí)，故C項(xiàng)正確。
7．What should the participants do to get a SPE/GAR card?
A．Watch and register for all the series.
B．Give some comments on the lessons.
C．Send and receive training mail.
D．Answer all of the questions.
A　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段倒數(shù)第二句“When you have viewed and registered for all eight individual lessons, each participant will receive a TrailSafe! pin and a SPE/GAR card in the mail for use in the field.”可知，在觀看并注冊(cè)所有8個(gè)單獨(dú)的課程后，每個(gè)參與者將會(huì)在郵箱里收到用于該領(lǐng)域的TrailSafe！徽章和SPE或GAR卡，故A項(xiàng)正確。
8．What can be inferred about the job of NPS Trail Volunteers?
A．It is popular with everyone.
B．It can be dangerous.
C．It shall be completed online.
D．It needs NPS working experience.
B　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第一句中的“a unique safety training program designed specifically for National Park Service(NPS) Trail Volunteers”和第二句中的“where the human factor of safety is explored”以及最后一段中的“risk assessment”可推知，NPS道路志愿者工作是一項(xiàng)危險(xiǎn)的工作，故B項(xiàng)正確。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2020·合肥重點(diǎn)高中模擬)Jayce began noticing when he was in kindergarten that he looked different from his classmates. They had two arms. He had one.
It started when one boy __1__him, said his mother, Lewis. He’d return to his home with questions：“Why am I __2__？ Why me？” His mother recalled he was actually sad and that it was a heavy __3__ to his heart.
Lewis __4__ she didn’t know what to do at that point. A few weeks later, Lewis turned on the TV and saw a news story about an eighth grader, Trashaun, becoming an Internet hit after __5__ videos of his slam dunks(灌籃), and, like Jayce, he __6__ most of his left arm. Lewis called Jayce in. To her surprise, Jayce was immediately __7__. At the time, it seemed that watching Trashaun was __8__ an inspiring moment for Jayce—he saw a role model with a similar __9__. If it had stayed just that, Lewis would have been happy enough. But little did she know that a family friend had already __10__ to the newspaper to help set up a __11__ with Trashaun to build Jayce’s confidence.
The boys met and instantly __12__ with each other as both of them were in the same condition. They rode bikes, took photos, and played basketball on the court. Instead of spending the whole day feeling __13__ for themselves, they had a lot of fun. However, Trashaun did get __14__ with Jayce sometimes. They talked about his left arm. He told Jayce he was perfect the way he was made. He also told him not to let anyone __15__ him and not to let those words shake his __16__．
Since that meeting, Lewis has seen a noticeable __17__ in her son. As for Trashaun, his relationship with Jayce made him __18__ to help more kids. “Honestly, it __19__ a lot to know that I changed Jayce’s life，” Trashaun says. Still, he never dreamed that his __20__ would have such an impact. “I just thought my friends would see them, and be like, ‘Oh, he dunked it！’”
He certainly did.
【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】　本文是一篇記敘文，主要講述了Trashaun幫助Jayce重拾信心的故事。
1．A.supported　 B．teased
C．cheated D．pleased
B　解析：根據(jù)第一段可知，Jayce在幼兒園時(shí)注意到自己和同班同學(xué)不一樣，因?yàn)樗挥幸恢桓觳玻Y(jié)合下文中的“he was actually sad and that it was a heavy ______ to his heart”可推知，此處是說(shuō)Jayce因?yàn)槿鄙僖恢桓觳捕灰粋€(gè)男孩嘲笑(teased)，故選B。
2．A.lonely B．silly
C．different D．ordinary
C　解析：根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，Jayce不明白自己為什么與別人不同(different)，故選C。
3．A.duty B．breath
C．debt D．blow
D　解析：根據(jù)上文Jayce被嘲笑并結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可推知，缺少一只胳膊不僅讓Jayce很難過(guò)，而且這對(duì)其心靈是一個(gè)沉重的打擊(blow)，故選D。
4．A.argued B．promised
C．suspected D．a(chǎn)dmitted
D　解析：根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可推知，當(dāng)時(shí)Lewis承認(rèn)(admitted)她并不知道應(yīng)該做些什么(來(lái)幫助她的兒子)，故選D。
5．A.downloading B．posting
C．buying D．watching
B　解析：根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，Trashaun把他自己的灌籃視頻發(fā)布(posting)到網(wǎng)上后走紅，故選B。
6．A.lost B．hurt
C．used D．recovered
A　解析：根據(jù)該句中的“l(fā)ike Jayce”和“most of his left arm”，并結(jié)合上文Jayce少了一只胳膊可推知，Trashaun的境況和Jayce一樣，他失去(lost)了大部分左胳膊，故選A。
7．A.satisfied B．confused
C．bored D．a(chǎn)ttracted
D　解析：根據(jù)下文中的“At the time, it seemed that watching Trashaun was ________ an inspiring moment for Jayce”可推知，Jayce立刻被Trashaun的故事吸引(attracted)了，故選D。
8．A.hardly B．simply
C．still D．never
B　解析：根據(jù)下文中的“If it had stayed just that, Lewis would have been happy enough.”可推知，當(dāng)時(shí)看Trashaun的視頻對(duì)Jayce來(lái)說(shuō)只是(simply)一個(gè)鼓舞人心的時(shí)刻，故選B。
9．A.response B．family
C．problem D．education
C　解析：根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可推知，Jayce缺少一只胳膊，Trashaun失去了大部分左胳膊，故此處指他們兩個(gè)有類似的問(wèn)題(problem)，故選C。
10．A.reached out B．looked out
C．got out D．turned out
A　解析：根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可推知，Lewis的一位朋友已經(jīng)聯(lián)系(reached out)了報(bào)社來(lái)幫助安排Jayce和Trashaun的會(huì)面(meeting)，從而增強(qiáng)Jayce的自信心，故選A。
11．A.game B．fighting
C．trap D．meeting
D　解析：參見(jiàn)上題解析。
12．A.bonded B．competed
C．parted D．raced
A　解析：根據(jù)下文中的“They rode bikes, took photos, and played basketball on the court.”可推知，兩個(gè)男孩擁有相同的境況，很快建立了互信關(guān)系。bond with sb.“建立(與某人的)互信關(guān)系”，為固定搭配，故選A。
13．A.happy B．grateful
C．sorry D．fearful
C　解析：根據(jù)語(yǔ)境“Instead of”可推知，此處與下文的“fun”形成對(duì)比，故選C。
14．A.angry B．serious
C．tough D．familiar
B　解析：根據(jù)空前的“However”與下文中的“They talked about his left arm.”可推知，Trashaun有時(shí)也會(huì)和Jayce有嚴(yán)肅的(serious)時(shí)刻，他們會(huì)談?wù)撍淖蟾觳?，故選B。
15．A.approach B．comfort
C．discourage D．leave
C　解析：根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可推知，此處是Trashaun在鼓勵(lì)Jayce，告訴他不要讓任何人使他氣餒(discourage)，也不要讓其他人的話動(dòng)搖他的信心(confidence)，故選C。
16．A.confidence B．patience
C．sadness D．honesty
A　解析：參見(jiàn)上題解析。
17．A.advantage B．scar
C．drawback D．change
D　解析：根據(jù)下文中的“‘Honestly, it ________ a lot to know that I changed Jayce’s life，’ Trashaun says.”可推知，自從那次會(huì)面后，Jayce發(fā)生了顯著的變化(change)，故選D。
18．A.expect B．a(chǎn)gree
C．hesitate D．refuse
A　解析：根據(jù)下文中的“‘Honestly, it ________ a lot to know that I changed Jayce’s life，’ Trashaun says.”可推知，通過(guò)和Jayce的交往，Trashaun了解到自己改變了Jayce，這讓他期望(expect)能夠幫助更多的孩子，故選A。
19．A.cares B．means
C．saves D．takes
B　解析：結(jié)合上題解析可推知，了解到自己改變了Jayce對(duì)Trashaun來(lái)講意義(means)重大，故選B。
20．A.attitudes B．words
C．videos D．disabilities
C　解析：根據(jù)下文中的“I just thought my friends would see them, and be like, ‘Oh, he dunked it！’”可推知，此處指的是Trashaun之前上傳到網(wǎng)上的視頻(videos)，故選C。
課時(shí)練2　2篇閱讀＋1篇七選五
＋1篇語(yǔ)法填空
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
(2020·洛陽(yáng)、許昌質(zhì)檢) Scientists are preparing to launch the world’s first machine to clean up the planet’s largest mass of ocean plastic.
The experts believe the machine should be able to collect half of the detritus in the patch—about 40，000 metric tons—within five years. In the past few weeks they have been busy welding together giant tubes that will sit on the surface of the sea and form the skeleton of the machine, creating the largest floating barrier ever made.
The system, originally dreamt up by Mr. Slat, will be shipped out this summer to the Great Pacific Garbage Patch, between Hawaii and California, which contains estimated 1.8 trillion pieces of plastic. It will be the first ever attempt to tackle the patch since it was discovered in 1997.
Mr. Slat was 16 and still at school when he was diving in Greece and first saw for himself the amount of plastic polluting the sea. “There were more bags than fish down there，” he recalls. Two years later he came up with a solution, quit university after six months and set up The Ocean Cleanup as a company. Mr. Slat says the first plastic to arrive on shore will be a major milestone. “We as humanity created this problem, so I think it’s also our responsibility to help solve it，” he says.
The Great Pacific Garbage Patch(GPGP) covers an area of 1.6 million square kilometers and contains at least 79，000 tons of plastic, research found last month. Most of it is made up of “ghost gear”—parts of abandoned and lost fishing gear, such as nets and ropes—often from illegal fishing vessels.
Ghost gear kills more than 100，000 whales, dolphins and seals each year, according to scientific surveys. Seabirds and other marine life are increasingly being found dead with stomachs full of small pieces of plastic. Creatures eat plastic discarded in the sea thinking it’s food but then starve to death because they are not feeding properly. Others are trapped and die of starvation or are strangled or suffocated by ghost gear.
【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】　本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要介紹了世界首個(gè)海洋垃圾清掃機(jī)的發(fā)明。
1．What does the underlined word “detritus” in the second paragraph probably mean?
A．Waste. B．Ocean.
C．System. D．Machine.
A　解析：詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段畫線詞前的“collect half of”和第四段第一句中的“first saw for himself the amount of plastic polluting the sea”和第五段最后一句中的“parts of abandoned and lost fishing gear, such as nets and ropes—often from illegal fishing vessels”可推知，畫線詞的意思是“垃圾”。故選A。
2．Which one makes up most of the garbage in Pacific from the passage?
A．Fishing vessels.
B．Dolphins and seals.
C．Giant tubes.
D．Abandoned fishing gear.
D　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段最后一句“Most of it is made up of ‘ghost gear’—parts of abandoned and lost fishing gear, such as nets and ropes—often from illegal fishing vessels.”可知，太平洋里的大部分垃圾是由廢棄的釣魚用具組成的。
3．Why do some creatures in The Great Pacific Garbage Patch die of starvation?
A．Because they are killed by ghost gear.
B．Because they are suffocated by ghost gear.
C．Because they don’t like eating plastic.
D．Because they are not feeding properly.
D　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段倒數(shù)第二句中的“but then starve to death because they are not feeding properly”可知，太平洋垃圾帶的一些生物死于饑餓是因?yàn)樗鼈儾荒苷５剡M(jìn)食。
4．What is the main idea of the passage?
A．A report about the death of marine life.
B．News about the first machine to clean up ocean plastic.
C．Information about ocean plastic.
D．The reason for inventing a machine.
B　解析：主旨大意題。本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要介紹了世界首個(gè)海洋垃圾清掃機(jī)的發(fā)明。第一段“Scientists are preparing to launch the world’s first machine to clean up the planet’s largest mass of ocean plastic.”點(diǎn)明了文章的主題。故選B。
B
(2020·安徽五校質(zhì)檢) We humans are addicted to sugar. That makes sense. All animals need sugar to live. It’s the fuel that powers our cells. So it’s not surprising that we’re born to want the sweet stuff.
Sugar stores the sun’s energy like a battery. After a meal, your body breaks down foods into their building blocks. It uses some sugar for energy right away. The rest get stored for the body to break down later. It’s a myth that sugar makes you extremely excited, but having a sugary snack can give you a quick burst of energy. That’s because the sugar in sweet foods is easy for your body to turn into fuel. When you eat other kinds of foods, like vegetables, it takes longer for your body to break the sugar down.
These days it’s easy to find sweet snacks. Sodas, candy, cakes and even foods that seem healthy, such as yogurt, can be packed with sugar. Food makers add sugar, because they know that to humans, sweet makes everything taste better. Americans eat about 20 teaspoons of extra sugar every day. That’s way more than what is good for us.
Eating too much sugar can cause more than a stomachache. It can make people overweight, decay the teeth and even cause diabetes. However, experts aren’t worried about naturally sweet foods—the problem is added sugar. So go ahead and enjoy sweet apples or even sugar—rich carrots that are also full of vitamins and other good stuff.
Even cake is great once in a while, as long as you don’t overdo it. After all, no one wants life to be dull. And your body needs its fuel!
【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】　本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。糖能給人體提供必需的能量，且易分解，人天生需要糖分；雖然甜食嘗起來(lái)可口，但是我們不要過(guò)多食用。
5．The first two paragraphs are mainly developed by ________．
A．cause and effect B．problem and solution
C．giving examples D．making comparisons
A　解析：寫作手法題。根據(jù)第一段尾句“So it’s not surprising that we’re born to want the sweet stuff.”和第二段倒數(shù)第二句“That’s because the sugar in sweet foods is easy for your body to turn into fuel.”，并結(jié)合第一、二段的內(nèi)容可知，第一段解釋了人天生需要糖的原因；第二段解釋了甜食能快速補(bǔ)充能量的原因；據(jù)此可推知，第一、二段是通過(guò)解釋因果的方法組織內(nèi)容的，故A項(xiàng)正確。
6．People may be tricked into eating too much sugar because ________．
A．no one wants life to be boring
B．we’re born to want the sweet stuff
C．so-called healthy food can be packed with sugar
D．sugar is the fuel for the plants and animals on the earth
C　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一、二句“These days it’s easy to find sweet snacks. Sodas, candy, cakes and even foods that seem healthy, such as yogurt, can be packed with sugar.”可知，甜食隨處可見(jiàn)，即使是看起來(lái)健康的食品也會(huì)含有大量糖分，故人們會(huì)誤食很多含糖食品。
7．What does the author want to stress in Paragraph 4?
A．We’d better say no to sweet foods.
B．Experts are worried about added sugar.
C．Eating too much sugar is bad for our health.
D．We’d better consume sugar from natural sources.
D　解析：推理判斷題。通讀第四段可知，該段第一、二句介紹了食用過(guò)量的糖的害處；第三句說(shuō)明專家對(duì)添加糖分的食品的擔(dān)憂；第四句提出建議：吃富含糖但也富含維生素和其他有益成分的天然食物。據(jù)此可推知，該段旨在強(qiáng)調(diào)，我們最好食用天然食物來(lái)攝入糖分，故D項(xiàng)正確。
8．Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Sugar Is Everywhere
B．Sugar Brings Happiness
C．Why Do We Love Sugar?
D．Why Does Sugar Make Us Fat?
C　解析：標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文可知，糖能給人體提供必需的能量，且易分解，人天生需要糖分；雖然甜食嘗起來(lái)可口，但是食用過(guò)量的糖有害人體健康，我們最好食用不但富含糖分、還含有維生素和其他有益成分的天然食物。故C項(xiàng)最適合作本文標(biāo)題。
Ⅱ.七選五
(2020·滁州模擬)Whoever wrote the song “It’s the Most Wonderful Time of the Year” must have never experienced the holiday blues. Fortunately, psychological research suggests some effective ways you can use to beat the holiday blues. The key point is that sadness and other tough emotions are not what we should try to avoid. 1.________. Here are four strategies to help you make your own happiness recipe this holiday season.
Don’t force cheer
At family gatherings with cousins you secretly can’t stand, you tend to put on a happy face. Indeed, that might even seem like the most mature response—no drama, no conflict. But a 2011 study followed dozens of bus drivers, looking to see when they gave forced or honest smiles at their passengers. The results showed when the drivers pretended to have a good mood, their actual moods got worse. 2.________．
Let out sadness
The results of the bus-driver study can be explained by researchers, who find that negative feelings like sadness or anger only increase when we try to control them. 3.________. We don’t like contradictory behavior.
Respond cautiously
Recently, scientists have been paying special attention to the benefits of caution. When you respond cautiously to an emotional trigger, you pause rather than react at once. 4.________. Besides, it is associated with less anxiety, and may even carry physiological benefits.
5．________
Of course, the holidays will bring a mix of highs and lows, but the most important lesson to keep in mind is that this variety of emotions might be the best thing possible for your overall well-being. In other words, sadness, anger, and other difficult emotions are nothing to fear. Just make sure you’re balancing them with lighter experiences. And don’t forget to give yourself a break.
A．Relax your mind
B．Enjoy a mix of emotions
C．We tend to deny the important function emotions serve
D．Instead, they can help contribute to a healthy and happy life
E．So trying to force happiness seems to have the opposite effects
F．A cautious response to a negative event reduces sadness we experience
G．We feel bad when our appearance contradicts how we truly feel inside
【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】　本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要介紹了緩解假期憂郁的四種策略。
1．D　解析：承接上文“The key point is that sadness and other tough emotions are not what we should try to avoid.”可知，負(fù)面情緒不是我們應(yīng)該試圖避免的，且與下文中的“Here are four strategies to help you make your own happiness recipe this holiday season.”銜接，并結(jié)合下文介紹的策略可推知，此處表示負(fù)面情緒反而有助于健康、快樂(lè)地生活，故選D。
2．E　解析：結(jié)合本段小標(biāo)題Don’t force cheer和對(duì)本段的整體理解可推知，強(qiáng)顏歡笑會(huì)適得其反，故選E。
3．G　解析：根據(jù)上文中的“negative feelings like sadness or anger only increase when we try to control them”和下文中的“We don’t like contradictory behavior.”可推知，此處表示當(dāng)我們的外表和內(nèi)心的情感不一致時(shí)我們會(huì)感覺(jué)很糟糕，故選G。
4．F　解析：根據(jù)本段小標(biāo)題Respond cautiously以及空前一句中的“When you respond cautiously”和空后一句“Besides, it is associated with less anxiety, and may even carry physiological benefits.”可推知，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境，其中的“cautious response”也是提示。
5．B　解析：根據(jù)空處所在位置可知，空處是段落小標(biāo)題；根據(jù)對(duì)本段的整體理解可推知，本段主要講的是享受混合情緒，故選B。
Ⅲ.語(yǔ)法填空
(2020·合肥高三質(zhì)檢)One habit of those people who are smarter than everyone else is to stay up late. In movies, the creative genius always works late into the midnight hours by candlelight—and perhaps this style 1.____________(root) in fact.
A study 2.____________ experts from the London School of Economics and Political Science found that people who tend to go to bed later have 3.____________(high) IQs. 4.____________ study authors believe the root of why this is lies in our evolution—because nighttime was a more dangerous time, and our ancestors who were to stay up instead of going to sleep 5.____________(need) to be more intelligent. Also, 6.____________(stay) awake into the night was a new idea 7.____________ was attractive to curious minds.
Today, our varying living rhythms may still reflect this. “Perhaps some smart people stay up later because their internal clocks are 8.____________(simple) different，” Dr. Wai says. “Or, perhaps they stay up later because they tend to be alone, and like being up late at night without distractions to think and solve their 9.____________(problem)．” But if you are a night owl, still remember 10.____________(get) your seven to nine hours of sleep.
【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】　研究表明，有熬夜習(xí)慣的人有更高的智商。
1．is rooted　解析：考查固定用法。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，這種電影的情節(jié)可能來(lái)源于真實(shí)情況。be rooted in sth.“起源于某事物”是固定用法，且此處敘述的是一般情況，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故填is rooted。
2．by　解析：考查介詞。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處是說(shuō)一項(xiàng)由專家所作的研究，故填by。
3．higher　解析：考查形容詞比較級(jí)。根據(jù)上下文及空前的“go to bed later”可知，這里是說(shuō)睡覺(jué)更晚的人有更高的智商，故此處用high的比較級(jí)higher。
4．The　解析：考查冠詞。這里特指上文提到的研究的作者們，故用定冠詞The。
5．needed　解析：考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處敘述的是發(fā)生在過(guò)去的事情，應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，故填needed。
6．staying　解析：考查動(dòng)名詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)。
7．that/which　解析：考查定語(yǔ)從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞a new idea，在從句中作主語(yǔ)，故填that/which。
8．simply　解析：考查副詞。修飾形容詞應(yīng)用副詞，故用simple的副詞形式simply修飾其后的形容詞different。
9．problems　解析：考查名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。根據(jù)句意“也許他們熬夜是因?yàn)樗麄儍A向于獨(dú)處，并且喜歡深夜全神貫注地來(lái)思考和解決問(wèn)題”，且problem為可數(shù)名詞可知，此處應(yīng)用problem的復(fù)數(shù)形式，故填problems。
10．to get　解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。remember to do sth.“記得去做某事”為固定用法，故填to get。


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