中考英語重難題型熱點主題時文押題組合練10 001   A閱讀理解     越來越多的青少年感到孤獨  002   B閱讀理解     想提高閱讀能力?你可能只需要更多間距 003   C閱讀理解     科學(xué)家通過測試空氣中的DNA來識別動物 004   D任務(wù)型閱讀   北京開創(chuàng)學(xué)生體育考試新模式005   E完形填空     應(yīng)急救援人肖文儒獲得時代楷模稱號006   F短文填空     小鴨們在媽媽身后游成一排之謎 A閱讀理解主題:越來越多的青少年感到孤獨Lonely? You're hardly alone, Since COVID-19 came, people of all ages have struggled(斗爭)with this. Fewteens have been able to spend as much time at school or with friends as they used to.* But even before the pandemic, loneliness was becoming a growing problem for teens-especially girls. That's the finding of a new study.Take the United States. There, the share of lonely teens jumped from 18 percent in 2012 to 37 percent in 2018. Overall, during those years, the share of girls reporting loneliness basically doubled in the countries studied. The increase in boys was somewhat smaller.The new study linked(聯(lián)系)rising loneliness to a greater use of smartphones and the Internet over the same years.Jean Twenge and her team shared their new findings in the July 20 Journal of Adolescence A psychologist(心 理學(xué)家),Twenge works at San Diego State University in California. Since 2012, US teens have been spending less time together face-to-face, her team has found. So this increase in loneliness started long before a pandemic made such meetups unsafe.“Smartphones can help us keep in touch with friends,” says Twenge.“But they can also make people feel excluded(被排斥).”Girls especially, may feel this way. One reason may be that they like to post more photos than boys. Studies have shown that if those photos don't get a lot of“ likes", it can affect (影響) a teens mental health.The data for the new study comes from a survey called the Program me for International Student Assessment (PISA). Some 1 million 15- and 16-year-old students from 37 countries took this survey in 2000,2003,2012,2015 and 2018.The questions were mainly about education. But they also included six statements (表述) about loneliness, such as, “I feel terrible and out of place in my school.” Students could strongly disagree, disagree, agree or strongly agree with each statement.The good news: Even in 2018,most teens around the world still felt liked and included at school. But in fact, more and more people report that loneliness is worrying.1 What's the Chinese meaning of the underlined word "increase" in Paragraph 2?A.降低B.增長C.加速D.減慢2 Why do most teenagers feel lonely, according to the study?A. Because they like spending more time together face-to-face.B. Because they think meeting together is unsafe during the pandemic.C. Because they spend more time on their smartphones and the Internet.D. Because they like to post more photos on their smartphones and the Internet.3 Where did the researchers get the data for the new study?A. From a report shared in a journal in 2012. B. From an interview made in recent five years.C. From a survey containing some statements about loneliness.D. From the news reported in 2018 about teens around the world.4 What is the writers purpose(目的)to write this passage?A. To let people know more about loneliness.B. To ask people to know better about their children.C. To advise people to pay more attention to teens' mental health.D. To tell people not to ask their children to use smariphones and the Internet B閱讀理解主題:想提高閱讀能力?你可能只需要更多間距Have you ever tried to pick out the face of a friend in a group photo? Sometimes it is hard, especially wheneveryone crowds together. It can also be hard to read a passage of text when the letters are too close together. In fact, a new study shows that spacing the letters farther apart can help anyone read faster, and probably with better understanding.Dyslexia(誦讀困難) is a common reading disorder (障礙). Past research had shown that crowded text was especially difficult for people with dyslexia to read. So researchers at Anglia Ruskin University in Cambridge, England, wanted to see how much help an increase in the spacing between letters would provide.Steven Stagg's team found 59 students between 11 and 15 years old: 32 had dyslexia and 27 did not. While the researchers recorded them, each student read two passages out loud. One passage was in its original format(原先的 版式).In the other,there was an increase of 2.5 points in the spacing between the letters. Kids with dyslexia read the wider-spaced text 13 percent faster than the text with original spacing. These kids also made fewer mistakes. Students without dyslexia read faster, too, although only by 5 percent.What did surprise this scientist was that wider-spaced letters helped even kids without dyslexia. This is very good news. It means teachers and publishers can print material with extra(額外的)spacing between letters knowing it will help everyone, Readers with dyslexia won't feel unhappy with having to use special reading material.Certain text-writing and document-processing(文件處理)software can easily add extra spacing between letters. Web designers can add space to the text on their pages, too. Although it may take some time for techniques(技術(shù))like these to become widely used, people are trying to get tech companies to make changes that should ease reading.' This could even be personalized. Stagg is optimistic that wider spacing between letters will catch on1 What is TRUE about the past research?A. Crowded text was easy for people to read.B. Dyslexia was very common among students.C. An increase in the spacing usually provided no help.D. Crowded text was very hard for people with dyslexia to read.2 How many students had dyslexia in the research of Steven Stagg's team?A.15.B.27.C.32.D.59.3 What can we learn from the passage?A. Students with dyslexia can easily use certain software to read.B. Readers without dyslexia feel happy to use special reading material.C. Kids with dyslexia read the wider-spaced text slower than the original text.D. The result shows that wider-spaced letters also help kids without dyslexia.4 What's the main idea of the passage?A. Stagg is optimistic that wider spacing will help students a lot.B. Computers can print material with extra spacing between letters.C. Companies found that making changes between letters could ease reading.D. Spacing the letters farther apart could help us read faster and better C閱讀理解主題:科學(xué)家通過測試空氣中的DNA來識別動物 Scientists have come up with a new way of identifying (識別) animals in an area by testing DNA breathed out into the air. The researchers believe their new method could help scientists keep track(蹤跡)of animals that are hard to find, including endangered animals.Two teams of scientists-one in Denmark and one in the United Kingdom (UK)--came up with the same question at about the same time: Could they identify the animals in an area from DNA that was simply floating(飄 ?。?/span>in the airTesting for eDNA isn't a new idea, but most of the time scientists looked for eDNA in the water. DNA in the air is usually so small that it would need a microscope(顯 微鏡)to see it. The scientists didnt have high hopes for their experiment (試驗). “We did not think that collecting animal DNA from the air would work,” said Dr Kristine Bohmann.Neither team knew that the other group was working on a similar experiment. One collected samples from different locations at Denmark's Copenhagen Zoo, and the other at Hamerton Zoo Park in the UK. However, both teams collected little pieces of DNA onto extremely high-quality filters(過濾器).In the laboratory(實驗室),they got the DNA from the filters and made copies of it to study. By comparing their samples with examples of DNA from different animals, the scientists were able to identify many different animals at the zoos. The researchers in Denmark and in the UK identified 49 and 25 different kinds of animals separately (分別地).The scientists chose to test in zoos because they had rare(稀有的)animals not naturally found in the area. As Dr Elizabeth Clare, who led the UK team said,“ There's no other way I would search DNA from a tiger, except for the zoo's tiger." But the researchers also researched some non-zoo animals, including humans, and a hedgehog that's endangered in the UK.Both teams are excited about the ways this new method could be used in the wild. Scientists have been looking for better ways to track endangered animals without interfering(干擾)with them. If researchers know where animals live, they can do a better job of protecting them. “The next step is to figure out how to take this method into nature,” says Dr Bohmann.1 Where did the scientists collect animals' DNA in this passage?A. In the water.B. In the air.C. On animals' skin.D. In animals' brain.2 What's the Chinese meaning of the underlined word "samples" in Paragraph 4? A.技術(shù)B.實驗C.團(tuán)隊D.樣本3 Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. Collecting DNA from air is easier than looking for DNA in the water.B. The scientists are from Copenhagen Zoo and Hamerton Zoo Park.C. Using the new method to protect endangered animals in nature will not work.D. The scientists in Denmark and in the UK identify 74 kinds of animals.4 Why did the scientists test the new method in zoos?A. Because they could find rare animals in zoos much easily.B. Because it was cheaper for them to do experiments in zoos.C. Because they didn't want to interrupt animals in nature.D. Because it was easier for them to make copies of DNA to study.5 What's the best title for the passage?A. Scientists identify animals by DNA in the airB. Scientists identify animals by DNA in ZOOSC. Scientists use different methods to protect animalsD. Scientists research endangered animals in nature  D任務(wù)型閱讀主題:北京開創(chuàng)學(xué)生體育考試新模式  As awareness(意識)about childrens health increases in China, a new system of teaching and testing PE (physical education was pioneered(開創(chuàng))in Beijing.From the fall term of 2021, seventh grade students became the first group of students in Beijing to take part in the new system for middle school students. In December, the Beijing Municipal Education Commission announced changes to physical education, which would be put into use during all nine years of compulsory(義務(wù)的)school education in the end.Education authorities would add more progress assessments (過程 評價)for PE courses to encourage children to start physical exercise at an earlier age and do it on a regular basis(定期地).Li Yi,a speaker choose during their final tests. After the adjustments (調(diào)整),it will be easier for students to get higher or even full grades during their PE tests.”According to the new assessment rules, the junior middle students would be able to choose four sports for their PE exams from a list of 22 sports including running, jump rope, standing long jump, table tennis, badminton, swimming and so on. “The goal is to bring physical education into the whole process of a student's development when they go to primary school,” Li said. “All students will be encouraged to take part in physical education programs and their interests and personal differences will be taken into consideration to ensure the programs are fair.”Zhao Xing, a mother of two school-age children, was happy that swimming had been added to the program as her 5-year-old son loves the sport and can do well in his PE finals.Li also said that the list of 22 sports may be changed according to the social economic(經(jīng)濟(jì)的) growth, popularity of every sport, as well as the students' physical development.閱讀短文,根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容完成下列任務(wù)。任務(wù)一:補全下列句子,詞數(shù)不限。1 Beijing has pioneered a new system to____________.2 Seventh grade students in Beijing joined in the new system for middle school students from_______________.任務(wù)二:簡略回答下列問題。3 Why would education authorities add more progress assessments for PE courses?____________________________________________________________________________________________4 For the new PE exams, how many sports can students choose from?____________________________________________________________________________________________任務(wù)三:將畫線的句子翻譯成中文5___________________________________________________________________________________________ E完形填空主題:應(yīng)急救援人肖文儒獲得時代楷模稱號In the past 38 years, Xiao Wenru has led or taken part in over 700 rescues, from which about 1,000 people were saved.* On November 3,2021,he was given the title “Role Model of the Times”.Every rescue he's joined in is full of  1  For example, in the 1990s, during a rescue in Datong, Xiao was  2  in a blast(爆炸) in a coal mine (煤礦).“Without  3  ,I continued putting out the fire with a water gun because I knew the amount of oxygen (氧氣)there was limited(有限的)and the  4  was good for me to stop the fire. If not, I might have died,” he said.Xiao graduated from a coal mine technical school in 1983.Four years into his service, one of his teammates died, making him realize the  5  that come with his job.A year later, Xiao's older brother, a police officer, died in the line of duty(執(zhí)行公務(wù)) at the age of 29which led Xiao's mother to ask him to  6  his team because of the high risk.“Sometimes I did consider leaving my job in the past, until I  7  in another unforgettable rescue 30 years ago in Datong,” Xiao said. On that mission, as soon as Xiao  8  out from a coal mine fire, a woman in her 80s knelt (跪下) in front of him and thanked him for saving her son.“I was really  9  .At that time, I realized how great my job is. Nothing can bring the same happiness as that you get from saving people's lives,”Though he is older now and the danger is still high, Xiao said he isn't  10  about working on the front line of a rescue. He said he is more experienced, and if he is at the scene(現(xiàn)場),young rescuers will feel more confident1A.funB. dangerC. surpriseD. excitement2A.caughtB. lostC. takenD. hurt3A.hopeB. joyC. smileD. fear4A.weatherB. temperatureC. conditionD. experience5A.pointsB. resultsC. risksD. mistakes6A.loveB. leaveC. followD. accept7A.handedB. gaveC. arrivedD. joined8A.droppedB. cameC. hungD. broke9A.nervousB. stressedC. relaxedD. touched10A.shyB. strongC. friendlyD. angry F短文填空主題:小鴨們在媽媽身后游成一排之謎Baby   hard   it   they   but   this   know   work   with   whose   slow   aThere's seience to having your ducklings in a row.Baby ducks are known for paddling(劃水) in an orderly line behind  1  mother. Now scientists know why The  2  take a ride on their moms waves(波浪).That can save the ducklingsenergy(能量)Earlier research studied how much energy ducklings burn while swimming. That showed that the youngsters saved energy when swimming behind their mom. But how they saved energy wasn't  3  So Yuan Zhiming made computer simulations (模擬) of waterfowl waves. Yuana famous researcher,  4  at the University of Strathclyde. It's in Glasgow, Scotland. Yuan and his friends found that a duckling in just the right place behind its mother has  5  easier swim.When it swims on its own, a duckling makes waves behind it. This uses up some energy that would otherwise push it ahead. Called wave drag(波浪阻力),  6  stops the duckling's movement.  7  wave drag is opposite(相反的) for ducklings in the best place. They feel a push instead of drag.Like good brothers or sisters, the ducklings share  8  one another. Each duckling in the line passes along waves to those behind. So all the ducklings get a free ride.But for the benefits, the youngsters need to keep up with their mom. If they fall out of position (位置),swimming gets  9  Thats fair punishment for ducklings that swim  10  behind.根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,用方框中所給詞的正確形式填空,使短文完整、通順(方框中有兩詞是多余選項)1.____________  2. ____________  3. ____________  4. ____________  5. ____________  6.____________  7. ____________  8. ____________  9. ____________  10. ____________   答案解析A閱讀理解一項新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)越來越多的青少年感到孤獨,尤其是女孩。本文通過各種研究數(shù)據(jù)說明了青少年感到孤獨的原因。1B 詞義猜測題。由第二段的 the share of girls reporting loneliness basically doubled中的 doubled The increase in boys was somewhat smaller. smaller可推斷,increase意為增長。2C 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段可知答案是C。3C 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。結(jié)合倒數(shù)第二段第一句中的The data for the new study comes from a survey 及第四句中的But they also included six statements about loneliness 可知,研究人員從一項調(diào)查中獲得了新研究的數(shù)據(jù),該調(diào)查包括一些關(guān)于孤獨的陳述。4C 推理判斷題。第一段拋出問題;第三段揭示了這項新研究將日益增長的孤獨感與更多地使用智能手機(jī)和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)聯(lián)系起來;第四至六段給出實例;最后一段 But in factmore and more people report that loneliness is worrying.點題,說明作者想讓更多人關(guān)注越來越多的青少年感到孤獨這一問題以及青少年的心理健康。難句分析Few teens have been able to spend as much time at school or with friends as they used to.很少有青少年 能像過去那樣花那么多時間在學(xué)?;蚺c朋友在一起。Few teens是主語,have been able to spend 是謂 語部分;as..as是固定表達(dá),意為··一樣···.”;used to do sth 也是固定表達(dá),表示:過去常常做(但現(xiàn)在已不做了)。B閱讀理解一項研究表明,加大字母之間的間距可以幫助人們讀得更快,而且能獲得更好的理解。1D 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句可知,過去的研究表明,擠在一起的文本對于有誦讀困難的人來說尤其困難。2C 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句可知,Steven Stagg的研究小組找到了59名年齡在1115歲之間的學(xué)生,其中32人有誦讀困難,27人沒有。3D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第一句可知,令科學(xué)家驚訝的是,寬間距的字母甚至對沒有誦讀困難的孩子也有幫助。4D 主旨大意題。通讀全文可知,本文主要講了加大字母之間的間距可以幫助人們讀得更快,而且能獲得更好的理解。難句分析Although it may take some time for techniques like these to become widely used, people are trying to get tech companies to make changes that should ease reading,雖然這樣的技術(shù)被廣泛應(yīng)用還需要一些時間,但人們正試圖讓科技公司做出改變,使閱讀變得容易。although引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,主句中 that should ease reading 為定語從句,修飾先行詞changes。Like these意為像這樣的(技術(shù)),like此處為介詞,表示····一樣;ease為動詞,意為使容易。C閱讀理解科學(xué)家們通過測試空氣中的DNA來追蹤并搜尋那些很難找到的動物,包括瀕危動物。兩組來自不同國家的科研人員做出了令人振奮的研究。1B 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第一句可知,科學(xué)家們想出了一種新方法來識別一個地區(qū)的動物,即測試空氣中的DNA。2D 詞義猜測題。根據(jù)前三段可推斷出,兩組科研人員在兩個動物園收集樣本用于實驗研究,因此samples意為樣本。3D 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段最后一句可知,丹麥和英國的研究人員分別鑒定了49種和25種不同的動物,合起來是74種,因此D正確。4A 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第一句可知,科學(xué)家們選擇在動物園里進(jìn)行試驗是因為動物園擁有一些在該地區(qū)的自然界所沒有的珍稀動物。5A 主旨大意題。全文主要介紹了科研人員通過空氣中的DNA來識別動物的實驗。難句分析The researchers believe their new method could help scientists keep track of animals that are hard to find, including endangered animals.研究人員相信,他們的 新方法可以幫助科學(xué)家追蹤難以找到的動物,包括瀕危動物。該句中 their new method could help scientists keep track of animals為省略了that的賓語從句,作 believe的賓語;help sb do sth意為幫助某人做某事;that引導(dǎo)定語從句,修飾先行詞animalsD任務(wù)型閱讀2021129日,《北京市義務(wù)教育體育與健康考核評價方案》正式公布。新的體育考試模式增加了過程性考核積累,帶動和督促孩子從小堅持鍛煉。與以往相比,考試項目的增加讓孩子們有了更多選擇,使他們能夠盡可能選擇自己比較擅長、感興趣的項目,大大增加了拿高分、拿滿分的概率。1teach and test PE 根據(jù)第一段的a new system of teaching and testing PE(physical education)was pioneered in Beijing 可知,把介賓短語 of teaching and testing PEphysical education)改為動詞不定 式形式 to teach and test PE。2the fall term of 2021 根據(jù)第二段第一句可知,從2021年的秋季學(xué)期開始北京市對七年級學(xué)生實施了新的體育教學(xué)與考試模式。3.To encourage children to start physical exercise at an earlier age and do it on a regular basis. 根據(jù)第 三段第一句可知,教育部將增加更多的過程性考核,是為了鼓勵孩子們從更早的年齡開始,并定期進(jìn)行體育鍛煉。4.22sports).根據(jù)第四段第一句可知,在體育考試改革方案中,學(xué)生是從22個項目中選擇4個項目參加體育考試。5.趙星是兩個學(xué)齡孩子的母親,她很高興游泳被選入了項目,因為她5歲的兒子熱愛這項運動,并且能在體育期末考試中取得好成績。難句分析In December, the Beijing Municipal Education Commission announced changes to physical education. which would be put into use during all nine years of compulsory school education in the end12月,北京市 教委宣布了對體育教育的改革,這一改革最終將在九年義務(wù)教育中實施。In December作時間狀語;to physical education 作后置定語,修飾 changes;which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,修飾先行詞changes。E完形填空在從事應(yīng)急救援工作的38年時間里,肖文儒領(lǐng)導(dǎo)、參加了700多次救援,約1000人獲救。2021113日,中共中央宣傳部授予肖文儒同志時代楷模稱號。1B 根據(jù)下文舉例可知,救援行動充滿了危險。此外,根據(jù)最后一段第一句也可知,此處為danger。2A 根據(jù)下文引號中的內(nèi)容可知,在一次救援中,肖文儒被困在煤礦爆炸中。catch意為攔?。唤刈?/span>,過去分詞形式為caught。3D 根據(jù)下文可知,肖文儒被困之后,立即采取行動滅火,沒有畏懼或害怕。fear意為害怕,符合語境。4C 上文說煤礦中氧氣含量有限,由此可知,這是滅火的有利條件。condition意為條件,符合語境。5C 隊友的犧牲讓肖文儒意識到工作的風(fēng)險。此外,根據(jù)下一段最后一句中的the high risk 也可知此處為risks。6B 根據(jù)下一段第一句可知,過去肖文儒確實考慮過離開這個崗位,由此推斷,此處表示:肖文儒的母親因為他的工作風(fēng)險太高,要求他離開這個隊伍,所以選leave7D 下文提及一個80多歲的老太太在他面前跪下,感謝他救了她兒子。這樣的場面讓肖文儒感動不已,他無法舍棄這份工作。因此,此處指他參與到另一次難忘的救援任務(wù)。join in意為參加。另外,根據(jù)第二段第一句可知,此處應(yīng)為join8B as soon as...意為····。此處表示:肖文儒一從煤礦火災(zāi)中出來,一位80多歲的老太太就跪下致謝。come out 意為出現(xiàn);出來,符合語境。9D 上一段提到老人跪下致謝,由此推斷,此時肖文儒被她的行為感動了。touched意為受感動的,符合語境。10A 句意:盡管肖文儒現(xiàn)在年齡大了,工作仍然危險,但他不會因為繼續(xù)奮戰(zhàn)在救援一線而感到害怕。be shy about doing sth意為害怕做某事;對做某事心懷顧忌,符合語境。難句分析In the past 38 years, Xiao Wenru has led or taken part in over 700 rescues, from which about 1,000 people were saved.在過去的38年里,肖文儒領(lǐng)導(dǎo)、參加了700多次救援,約1000人獲救。from which about 1,000 people were saved 詞+which”引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句,修飾先行詞rescues.F短文填空小鴨們排成一隊在水中游是有科學(xué)依據(jù)的。它們會在鴨媽媽身后排成一隊是因為可以借著波浪節(jié)省自身的能量,從而可以更容易在水面上游。1their 此處指鴨寶寶們的媽媽,mother是名詞,應(yīng)用形容詞性物主代詞修飾,故填their2babies 根據(jù)空格后的謂語動詞take及代詞 their可知,該空為名詞,應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù),故填baby的復(fù)數(shù)形式 babies3known 上文提到節(jié)省能量,根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but可知,此處與上文形成反差,表示:它們是如何節(jié)省能量的還不得而知。系動詞后跟過去分詞表被動,故填known。4works 根據(jù)語境可知,此處應(yīng)選用work;由于該研究員工作在思克萊德大學(xué)是事實,所以用一般現(xiàn)在時;因主語是單數(shù),故填works5an 此處考查短語 have a swim,因swim前有easier修飾,且easier是以元音音素開頭的單詞,故填冠詞an6this 前面提到波浪阻力,那么肯定是波浪阻力阻止小鴨前行,故用指示代詞this指代前面的wave drag。7But 根據(jù)下文的opposite“相反的和該段最后一句話小鴨們感覺到的是推力而不是阻力可知.該句與上句之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,故填But。8with 根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,謂語 share和賓語one another之間缺少介詞。share with“·····一起分享。9harder 句意:如果它們掉隊了,游動就會變得更費力。應(yīng)用形容詞比較級,故填harder。10slowly 修飾謂語動詞swim應(yīng)用副詞,故填slowly。難句分析That's fair punishment for ducklings that swim slowly behind.這是對在后面慢慢游動的小鴨的公平懲罰。that swim slowly behind 是定語從句,that為引導(dǎo)詞,且在從句中作主語,該從句修飾先行詞ducklings。 

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