2022年外研版中考英語復(fù)習(xí)現(xiàn)在完成時導(dǎo)學(xué)案（無答案）-學(xué)案下載-教習(xí)網(wǎng)

一，現(xiàn)在完成時的構(gòu)成
（一）肯定式主語＋助動詞have ／has ＋過去分詞＋其它
Tips：這里的have ／has是助動詞，沒有什么具體意義。當(dāng)主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時助動詞用has，其余人稱一律用have。 has，have的縮略式分別為's或've。fr example：
他說他已經(jīng)去過美國三次了。He says he has been t the USA three times.
Exercise：模仿例句改寫以下祈使句
Example: Clean the rm. (I this mrning )
I have already cleaned the rm . I cleaned the rm this mrning.
1. buy a cmputer. (I last night)
__________________________________________
brrw the bk. (she yesterday)
3. find the by. (they yesterday evening)
（二）否定式
主語＋助動詞have ／has＋nt＋過去分詞＋其它
Tips：助動詞have nt，has nt縮略為haven't ，hasn't。另外，肯定句中有sme，already時，改為否定時要分別改成any，yet。fr example：
1）I haven't finished my hmewrk yet．我還沒有完成我的作業(yè)。
2）She hasn't travelled n a train ．她沒有坐火車旅行過。
Tips：有時nt可以用never代替，表示“從來沒有”的意思。又如：
3）We have never spken t a freigner until tday．今天之前，我們從沒和外國人說過話。
4）I’ve never seen a real tiger s far．目前為止我從來沒有見過真的老虎。
Exercise：模仿例句回答問題。 Have yu visited Beijing and Nanjing? ( I )
I haven’t visited Beijing yet. I have just visited Nanjing.
1. Have yu finished yur husewrk r yur hmewrk? ( I )
______________________________________________________
2. Has he bught a car r a card? ( He )
（三）一般疑問式
助動詞Have ／Has ＋主語＋過去分詞＋其它？
Tips：句中有sme，already時，要分別改成any，yet。有時也可以用“N，nt yet．／N ，never．／N，nt even nce．”等。fr example：
1）—Have yu ever been t Hng Kng ？你曾經(jīng)去過香港嗎？
—Yes ，I have ．是的，去過。—N，never．不，從來沒有。
2）—Has yur friend fund the lst bks yet ？你朋友已經(jīng)找到了丟失的書嗎？
—Yes ，she has．是的，她找到了?！狽，nt yet．不，還沒。
Exercise：按要求句型轉(zhuǎn)換
1、He has already finished his hmewrk．（改為否定句）
He _______ finished his hmewrk _______．
2．They have fund the lst bks already．（改為一般疑問句，并作否定回答）
______ they _______ the lst bks _______？N，they________．
3．Julia has nt gt hme frm schl yet．（改為肯定句）
Julia _________ hme frm schl ______．
4．Yu have never been t Shanghai befre，_________ _________ ？（改為反意疑問句）
5. He’s gne t Beijing, ______ ______?（改為反意疑問句）
6. He has fund nthing in the rm．（改為一般疑問句）
________he fund________in the rm？
7. I have already finished the wrk．（改為否定句）
I________finished the wrk________.
8. She has gt a ntebk．（對劃線部分提問）
________ ________she gt？
二，用法兩個: 強調(diào)結(jié)果和強調(diào)持續(xù)：
1，過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成了影響或結(jié)果：強調(diào)結(jié)果
Fr example：A我剛好買了那本書。I have just bught the bk．（表明現(xiàn)在我有這本書了,不用再買了）
B 據(jù)說Lily丟失了她的書。 It is said that Lily has lst her bks ．（表示現(xiàn)在還沒找到）(如用過去時：Lily lst her bks . 則強調(diào)書是過去丟的這一動作，而不知現(xiàn)在有沒有找到)
Exercise：把下列句子譯成漢語
1).你已經(jīng)找到你的書了嗎? (find-fund)______________________________________________________
2). 勞老師剛剛離開. (leave-left) __________________________________________________________
3).Judy還沒到達(dá). (arrive-arrived)_______________________________________________
4).你吃過早飯了嗎? (have-had)______________________________________________
2，過去開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)：強調(diào)繼續(xù)
Fr example：A 兩年前開始我就在這學(xué)習(xí)。 I have cme t study here since tw years ag.
B空氣污染已經(jīng)奪去了很多人的生命。Air pllutin has taken the lives f many peple.

三. 在下列情形下用現(xiàn)在完成時
1 六副詞----
現(xiàn)在完成時的用法1強調(diào)結(jié)果時，常與時間副詞already（已經(jīng)），yet（還、已經(jīng)），just(剛剛、僅僅) ，ever（曾經(jīng)），never（從不），befre（以前）等連用。
①already“已經(jīng)”，常用于肯定句，放在助動詞與過去分詞之間，也可放句末。fr example：
1）I've already read this bk. 我已經(jīng)讀過這本書了。（這里read是過去分詞,發(fā)音【red】）
（“讀”這一動作發(fā)生在過去，對現(xiàn)在造成的影響是“知道書中的內(nèi)容”。）
2）I've washed my clthes already．我已經(jīng)洗了衣服。
（洗衣服的動作已完成，其結(jié)果是“衣服洗干凈了”。）
注意：在知道對方已經(jīng)做了某事，表示吃驚或明知故問等感情色彩時，already也可用于疑問句中。fr example：
3）Have yu met him already ？你（真的）已經(jīng)見過他了？（多見于口語中）
②yet疑問句譯為“已經(jīng)”，否定句譯為“還”，常放在句末。fr example：
1）—Has he fund his watch yet ？他已經(jīng)找到他的手表了嗎？
—N，nt yet．不，還沒有。
2）The wman hasn't fund her dg yet ．
那位婦女還沒有找到她的狗。（沒找到狗，心里著急，這就是對現(xiàn)在的影響）
③．just譯為“剛剛”，表示行為剛剛過去，常放在助動詞與過去分詞之間。fr example：
He has just cme back frm schl ．他剛從學(xué)?；貋怼?br>④．ever意為“曾經(jīng)”，用于疑問句或否定句中，放在助動詞與過去分詞之間。fr example：
1）Have yu ever been t Hng Kng ？你曾去過香港嗎？
2）I haven't ever spken t her．我未曾和她說過話。
⑤．never意為“從來沒有”常與befre連用（befre放句尾，而never放助動詞與過去分詞間。fr example：
I have never travelled by plane befre．我以前從來沒有乘飛機旅行過。
⑥．befre意為“以前”，指過去不確定的某個時間，放句末。fr example：
1）Have yu been t Hainan befre ？你以前去過海南嗎？
2）I haven't eaten Guangdng fd befre．我以前沒吃過廣東菜。
2兩結(jié)構(gòu)fr時間段，since時間點，
現(xiàn)在完成時用法2——強調(diào)持續(xù)時，肯定句，疑問句中謂語動詞必須是延續(xù)性動詞。
1）I've lived here since 2001．自從2001年以來我就住在這里。
= I've lived here since 13 years ag.
= I've lived here fr 13 years.
= It is 13 years since I began t live here.
2）I haven't seen him fr three years ．我三年沒有看見他了。
= I haven't seen him since three years ag
= I haven't seen him since 2010.
= It is 3 years since I saw him last time.
3）自從到這個城市以來，王先生一直在這家工廠工作。
Mr Wang has wrked in the factry since he came t the city ．
4）自從五年前以來她就在這個學(xué)校。
She's been at this schl since five years ag．

注意：①對fr和since引導(dǎo)的時間狀語提問要用Hw lng。
② 含含糊糊的時間用s far到目前為止例：S far he has learnt 200 wrds.
1：用fr 或since填空
①．Mr. Brwn has had his TV ________ 15 years.
②.I’ve taken driving lessns _________ last mnth.
③.My sister has had her cell phne ________ a mnth .
④.My friends haven’t visited me ___________ my birthday.
⑤. Tm has wrn glasses _________ he was 7 years ld.
1．Mr Wang began t teach English in this schl in 2010．（改為同義句）
Mr Wang _________ _________ English in this schl_______ 2010．
2. He hasn’t left hme fr 3 days.(同義句)
He _____ ______ ______ hme_____3 days_____.
3. They have lived here since 3 years ag. (對劃線提問)
___________________they_____________________________?
4. Her mther __________(becme)a dctr in 1989. She _________(wrk) in the hspital since 26 years ld.
5. He _____________(teach) English here since we _______________(see) him 5 years ag.
3，常用句型
第一，去了沒在gne t, 曾經(jīng)去過been t
havegne t去了某地例：He has gne t Beijing (去了北京)
havebeen t去過某地例：He has been t Beijing. (去過北京，回來了)
A: have(has) gne t 意為“到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。說話時該人不在現(xiàn)場，如：
湯姆不在這，他去哪里了？—Tm isn’t here.Where has he gne t?
他到書店去了?！狧e has gne t the bkshp.
B: have(has) been t意為“曾經(jīng)去過某地”，表示現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在那里了。
可與just, ever, never等連用。后面可接次數(shù)，表示去過某地幾次。如：
I've just been t the pst ffice. 我剛才去郵局了。
Have yu ever been t Hangzhu? 你曾經(jīng)去過杭州嗎？
Mary has never been t the Great Wall. 瑪麗從未去過長城。
They have been t that village several times. 他們?nèi)ミ^那個村莊好幾次了。
拓展： have(has) been in 意為“已經(jīng)在某地呆了多長時間”，常與表示一段時間的狀語連用。如：
Mr. Brwn has been in Shanghai fr three days. 布朗先生來上海已經(jīng)有三天了。
They have been in Canada fr five years. 他們到加拿大有五年了。
練一練：
1.用have/has been t, have/has gne t填空：
①.—Where is yur brther? —He _______the shp. He’ll be back sn.
2. — ____ yu ever ____t America? —Yes, I _______ New Yrk twice.
3. —Here yu are at last! Where _____ yu _____?
—I _____________ Lndn.
4. —David ___________ Australia. —I’m sure he’s already arrived.
5. —Is Benny here?
—N, he __________ the schl library. He left five minutes ag.
2.選擇been , gne填空.
1.Jim is n hliday . He has ________ t Italy .
2. Hell ! I have just ________ t the shps . I have bught lts f things .
3.Alice is nt here at the mment . She has ________ t the shp t get a newspaper .
4.Tm has _______ ut . He will be back in abut an hur .
5.“ Are yu ging t the bank ?” “N , I have already ________ there .”
第二，固定搭配
這是我曾經(jīng)讀過的最好的一本書。 This is the best bk I have ever read.
這是我第一次玩電腦游戲。 It is the first time I have played the cmputer games.
在過去的幾年，他們已經(jīng)種了很多樹。 They have planted many trees in the last few years.
hw lng多久例：Hw lng have yu lived here?
hw many times多少次例：Hw many times has he been t Beijing?

1. It’s the third time that I _______________(see) him this mnth.
2. Is yur mther at hme? ------N, she _______________(g) t wrk.
3. Hw many times ___________yu _____________(be) t Beijing?
------Only nce. I _______________(g) there tw years ag.
四，必記考點
1，延續(xù)性動詞和終止性動詞
①延續(xù)性動詞：表示的動作是能延續(xù)的動作，這種動作可以延續(xù)下去或產(chǎn)生持久的影響。如：learn wrk stand lie knw walk keep have wait watch sing read sleep live
②一次性動詞：也叫非延續(xù)性動詞，瞬間動詞，終止性動詞。表示的動作不能延續(xù)，即動作發(fā)生后立即結(jié)束，產(chǎn)生某種結(jié)果。在有了某種結(jié)果后，動作就不能再繼續(xù)下去。如：leave start set ut arrive reach get t begin stp shut turn ff marry put put n get up wake fall jin meet receive finish end cmplete becme cme g die pen clse break give jump buy brrw 注意：一次性動詞的否定形式可以與表示延續(xù)時間的狀語連用。即動作不發(fā)生的狀態(tài)是可以持續(xù)的。
（錯）I have received his letter fr a mnth.
（對）I haven't received his letter fr almst a mnth.
2，在用法2強調(diào)持續(xù)中，一次性動詞由于動作不能持續(xù)，故不能與fr(達(dá)到；累計)或since（自從。。。到現(xiàn)在）引出的時間狀語連用。
我們?nèi)绻氡磉_(dá)“他已離開此地兩天了?！蔽覀儾荒苷f“He has left fr tw days.”而應(yīng)說成“He has been away fr tw days.”
例：He has bught the bk fr 3 years.（錯）
因buy這個一次性動詞不能和一段時間fr 3 years連用, 改正的辦法有：
① He has had the bk fr 3 years. （用延續(xù)性動詞have代替buy）
② He bught the bk 3 years ag. (改為一般過去時，使句子的意思不變)
以上是最常用的兩種表達(dá)。
③ It’s 3 years since he bught the bk. = 3 years has passed since he bught the bk. （改為固定句型 It is ---since---）
④ He has bught the bk. (去掉一段時間fr 3 years)

還有其他一次性動詞也是這種情況，可參照前面的辦法改正， fr example：
①cme/arrive/get t/reach → be here 把動詞改成be+副詞在這里
例：I have cme here fr 3 years.（錯）改為：I have been here fr 3 years.
②leave/g →be away把動詞改成be+副詞遠(yuǎn)離地
例：He has left fr 3 hurs.（錯）改為：He has been away fr 3 hurs.
③begin/start →be n
例：The film has begun fr 30 minutes.（錯）改為：The film has been n fr 30 minutes.
④pen →be pen / clse → be clsed把動詞改成be+形容詞
例：The shp has pened fr 3 years.(錯) 改為：The shp has been pen fr 3 years.
⑤die →be dead把動詞改成be+形容詞
例：His father has died fr 3 years.(錯) 改為：His father has been dead fr 3 years.
⑥finish/end→ be ver
例：He has finished the wrk fr 3 days.(錯) 改為：The wrk has been ver fr 3 days
⑦jin 例：I have jined the army fr 3 years.（錯）
改為：I have been in the army fr 3 years. 或I have been a sldier fr 3 years.
⑧buy /catch → have把一次性動詞改成延續(xù)性動詞擁有
例：I have bught the bike fr 3 years.（錯）改為：I have had the bike fr 3 years.
例：He has caught a cld fr 3 days.（錯）改為：He has had a cld fr 3 days.
⑨brrw → keep把一次性動詞改成延續(xù)性動詞保有
例：I have brrwed the bk fr 3 years. （錯）改為：I have kept the bk fr 3 years.
還有其它的歸納如下：
break → be brken get up → be up
marry → be married becme → be lse → be lst
3，時間狀語的區(qū)分
第一.最近 lately, recently是完成時的時間狀語；just nw 有a mment ag 之意，是過去時的時間狀語。如：Have yu heard frm yur family lately/recently? Did yu see Jan just nw?
第二，. 過去幾年來in the past few years 常用于完成時中；in the past意思是“在過去”，常用于過去時中。如： Great changes have taken place in my hmetwn in the past few years. Where did yu wrk in the past?
第三. ever since then與frm then n / after that 都有“打那以后”之意，
但前者常用于完成時，而后兩者常用于過去時。如：She's lived here ever since then. I didn't hear f Jim frm then n/after that.
第四.以前 befre 通常用于完成時；通常用于過去時。如：
I have never been t Japan befre. She went t Japan tw years ag.
第五. s far“到目前為止”， these days“這些天來”也是現(xiàn)在完成時常見的時間狀語。如：
S far, n man has travelled farther than the mn. What have yu dne these days?
三、結(jié)束性動詞轉(zhuǎn)換為以下延續(xù)性動詞或者表示可以延續(xù)的狀態(tài)的短語。
① arrive at / in sp / get t / reach sp / cme / g / mve t sp
→ be in sp / at schl / at hme / n the farm / be here / be there
1) He gt t Beijing five minutes ag.He Beijing fr .
2) I mved t the USA in 2008. I the USA since .
3) I went hme yesterday. I hme fr .
4) They came here last week. They ___________ here since _____________.
② cme t / g back t / return t→ be back t g ut → be ut
1) He came ut tw years ag.He ______________ fr ____________.
2) We return t Beijing yesterday.We ___ ____________ t Beijing since __________.
③ becme → be
1) I became a teacher in 2000. I ________________ a teacher fr _________________.
2) The river became dirty last year. The river _______ _______ dirty fr _______ ________.
④ clse → be clsed pen → be pen
1) The shp clsed tw hurs ag. The shp _______________ ______ fr _________________.
2) The dr pened at six in the mrning.The dr ________ ________ ________ fr six hurs.
⑤ get up → be up； die → be dead； leave sp. → be away frm sp.
fall asleep / get tt sleep → be asleep； finish / end → be ver；marry → be married；
1) I gt up tw hurs ag.I ________ ______ _______since _______________.
2) He left Shanghai just nw.He _______ _____________ ______ Shanghai fr five minutes.
3) My grandpa died in 2002.My grandpa _______ _____ ______fr _______ ________.
4) The meeting finished at six.The meeting ________ ______ ______ fr six hurs.
5) I gt t sleep tw hurs ag .I ________ _____ ___ since _________ _________.
6) They married in 1990. They ________ _________ __________since _________.
⑥ start / begin t d sth. → d sth. ；begin → be n
1) I began t teach at this schl in 1995. I ____ ____ at this schl since ____.
2) The film began tw minutes ag. The film ____ ____ ____ fr ____ ____.
⑦ brrw → keep； lse → nt have ；buy → have ；put n → wear
catch / get a cld → have a cld； get t knw → knw
1) They brrwed it last week. They __________it since _____________.
2) I bught a pen tw hurs ag. I ____________a pen fr _____________.
3) I gt t knw him last year. I ___________ him since ___________.
4) I put n my glasses three years ag. I _________ my glasses fr ______________.
⑧have / has gne t → have been in
He has gne t Beijing.He _____________ Beijing fr tw days.
⑨ jin the league / the Party / the army
→ be a league member /a Party member / a sldier
→ be a member f the league / the Party
→ be in the league / the Party / the army
1) He jined the league in 2002.
He _________________ a _________________ fr tw years.
He ___________ a _________ the ________ fr tw years.
He _______________________ the league fr tw years.
2) My brther jined the army tw years ag.
My brther _________a ________ fr ___________ ___________.
My brther ___________ in ___________ fr tw years.
4, 過去分詞有規(guī)則與不規(guī)則兩種。
規(guī)則的變化形式與動詞的過去式一樣。不規(guī)則就需要記憶了
不規(guī)則動詞過去式和過去分詞
1, A-B-A.原型與過去分詞相同
cme----came----cme run----ran----run becme----became----becme
2.A-A-A
cast----cast----cast cut----cut----cut put----put----put
let----let----let set----set----set hit----hit----hit
3. A-B-B過去式與過去分詞完全相同
bright----brught----brught think----thught----thught buy----bught----bught catch----caught----caught tell----tld----tld
4. A-B-C原型：過去式和過去分詞完全不同
drink---drank----drunk ring----rang-----rung speak----spke----spken hide----hid----hidden d----did----dne see----saw----seen
Exercise：判斷每句有沒有錯誤，并改正
1. Jim has bught the bk fr just 3 days.
2. Uncle Wang has died fr 3 years.
3. I have gne t Beijing three times.
4. Jim isn’t here. He has been t Beijing. He went there this mrning.
5. She has lived there since 8 years.
6. Has he been a teacher fr 1990?
7. I lived here since 3 mnths ag.
8. Have yu finished the wrk yet? ------Yes, I did.
9. Jim’s brthers has made many kinds f kites.
10. He has taked the bks away.
填空
11. Wait here, please. The train _______________(nt arrive) yet.
12. Where is my dictinary? ------Li Ping _______________(take) it away.
13. I _______________(lse) my pen, and I _______________(lk)fr it nw.
14. I _______________(nt see) such a strange thing befre.
15. He jined the Party in 1990. He _______________(be) a party member fr 10 years.
16. Hw lng ______________Uncle Wang ______________(wrk) in this factry? ------Since 1995.
17. S far the children _______________(learn) 1,000 English wrds.
18. _______________yu _______________(mend) yur bike? ------Yes. I mended it a mment ag.
19. I’ll tell him the news that ur class _______________(win) already.
20. The bx is empty. Wh _______________(eat) all the cakes?
21. He has fund his bike .When _______________he _______________(find) it?
22. Her sister _______________ (g) t Shanghai. She _______________ (leave) this mrning.
fr tw mnths
Fr +一段時間
Jim has lived here fr 2 mnths.
since last year
since +過去點時間
Lucy has been in Beijing since 3 years ag.
since 3 years ag
since 2009
since he came here
since +過去時態(tài)句子
He has been in China since he came here.
We have knwn each ther since we went t primary schl.

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