具體可分為以下兩種情況:
①過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響。
②過去的動作或狀態(tài)持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并且已經(jīng)完成或可能持續(xù)下去。
2.結(jié)構(gòu)是: 主語+have/has(主語為三單)+V過去分詞+其他
肯定句: 主語+have/has(主語為三單)+V過去分詞+其他

否定句: 主語+have/has(主語為三單)+nt+V過去分詞+其他
has/have+nt =haven’t/hasn’t
一般疑問句:
Have/Has+主語+V過去分詞+其他?
肯定回答:Yes,主語+have/has.
否定回答:N,主語+haven’t/hasn’t.
3.標志詞:常與fr或since引導的時間連用,還有s far, up t/till nw, in/ the last/past+一段時間,all ne’s life, by nw, these days, fr tw years、since 1984、since he came here等。
★區(qū)分短暫性動詞與持續(xù)性動詞.
英語的行為動詞大體可以分為兩大類型:一是延續(xù)性的動詞,二是短暫性動詞。延續(xù)行動詞是指那些動作意義不會一下完成,而是可以延續(xù)、發(fā)展的動詞。如:wrk, read, write, study等,短暫性動詞是指那些動作一次完成,不能延續(xù)的動詞。如:cme, g, buy, die, 等。表示短暫性(瞬間性)的動詞在現(xiàn)在完成時的句中不能和一段時間連用.即fr, since短語或hw lng問句。
I have bught this pen fr tw mnths. (×)
I have had this pen fr tw mnths. (√)
短暫性動詞不能和表示一段時間的時間狀語連用,但是他可以轉(zhuǎn)換成相應的延續(xù)性動詞.
1.直接用延續(xù)性動詞
buy– have catch(get) a cld –have a cld brrw—keep cme/g /becme—be put n—wear get/begin t延續(xù)性v.→延續(xù)性v.eg. get/begin t knw → knw
2.轉(zhuǎn)換成be+名詞
jin the army – be a sldier jin the Party –be a Party member
g t schl– be a student
3轉(zhuǎn)換成be+形容詞或副詞
die—be dead finish – be ver begin—be n leave—be away
fall asleep – be asleep clse – be clsed fall ill→be ill
marry sb./get married t → be married t pen→be pen
4.轉(zhuǎn)換成 be+介詞短語
g t schl– be in schl start/begin→be n jin→be in/be a member f
Exercises:
①His father died 2 years ag.
→His father has been dead fr 2 years./since tw years ag.
②The ftball match began at 9:00a.m.
→The ftball match has been n since 9:00 a.m.
③The twins jined the army when they were 18 years ld.
→The twins have been sldiers/ in the army/members f the army since they were 18years ld.
④My teacher left Nanjing 3 days ag.
→My teacher has been away frm Nanjing fr 3 days./since 3 days ag.
★注意:現(xiàn)在完成時的否定句中,和段時間連用可以用非延續(xù)性動詞。如:
He hasn’t bught any new car since2007. (P27)
He has nt left Beijing yet.(P27)

一、寫出下列動詞的過去式和過去分詞(30個):
fit ____ _____ plan _____ _____ hit _____ _____ put _____ _____
meet _____ ______ make_____ _______eat _____ _____ sell ______ _______
give _____ ______write _____ _______ think ______ ________ run _____ _____
carry ____ ______ catch ______ _______lend ______ _______ cme _____ ____
frget_____ _______fall______ ______draw _____ _____knw ______ _______
g ____ _____ try______ ______ stp ______ _______ leave ______ ______
take _____ ______ buy _______ _______ spend _______ _______
feel _____ _____ marry _______ _______ begin ______ _______
二、用所給詞的正確形式填空。
1.I________(live)here since I was ten years ld.
2.I________(live)here in 1998.
3.--- ________ yu _______(have) yur breakfast?---Yes,I have.
---When_____ yu_____it?---- 30 minutes ag.
4.I __________________________ (nt hear) frm my brther fr a lng time.
5.We ______________________ (be) there many times since 3 years ag.
6.Hw lng _________________ yu ______________________ (stay) at hme already?
7. He _________________________ (nt read) the bk befre.
8.Her sister ________________ (g) t Changchun. She______________ (leave) this mrning.
9.He ______________________ (live) in his hmetwn since he left here.
10.The writer __________________________ (finish) several stry-bks since 1990.
11. I _______________________(have) lunch already.
12._____the train______________________ (arrive) yet?
13.Tm _____________ never___________________ (be ) t China.
14. The twin _________________just _________________(see) my father.
15. The twins __________________(see) my father just nw.
16._______________ yu ever ________________________(ride) a hrse? Never.
17.________ yu ___________(clean) the rm? Yes, we______________(d) that already.
When ________ yu ___________(d) it? We _____________(d) it an hur ag.
18. __________ he ___________(see) this film yet?
N. When ___________ he _____________(see) it? He __________________ it tmrrw.
31. Smene _________________(call) yu just nw .
32. The Smiths _____________________(watch) TV this time yesterday .
33. She ______________________(make) a lt f friends here s far.
34. Her parents _______________________(nt write) t her since they left.
35. It is five years since he ________________________(jin) the Party.
36. They _____________________(live) in this city ten years ag.
37. He ____________just _________________(cme) back frm the city .
38. __________ yu ______________ (knw) him since then?
39. ---Can Alice g hiking with us tmrrw ? ---If she _______(feel) better tnight .
40. It is five years since he _________(jin) the Party.
三、同義句(同義句轉(zhuǎn)換,每空一詞)
1.I brrwed the library bk tw days ag.
I _______ _______the library bk ________tw days.
2.The meeting started ten minutes ag.
A. The meeting________ _________ _________ _________ten minutes ag.
B. The meeting________ _________ ___________ ________ten minutes.
3.My brther jined the Party last year.
A. My brther _________ _________ ________the Party since last year.
B. My brther__________ ________ _______ party member since last year.
4.He left Nanjing tw years ag.
He_________ _________ ________ ________Nanjing fr tw years.
5.That dg died last mnth.
That dg________ _________ ________since last mnth.
6.He has had the bike fr tw years.
A. Tw years________ _________since he ________the bike.
B. It’s ______ __________since he _________the bike.
C. He _______the bike tw years__________.
7.Li Lei jined the Party three years ag.
=Li Lei the Party three years ag.
=Li Lei the Party three years.
= three years Li Lei jined the Party.
=Three years Li Lei jined the Party.
8.My father left Gucheng last week.
=My father Gucheng last week.
=My father Gucheng a week.
9.The factry pened in 1996.
=The factry ten years.
=The factry since 1996.
10. His grandfather died five years ag.
=His grandfather since .
=His grandfather five years.
= five years his grandfather died.
=Five years his grandfather died.
11. Mr. Wang reached Beijing five days ag.
=Mr. Wang Beijing five days ag.
=Mr. Wang Beijing five days.
規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞的構(gòu)成規(guī)則與規(guī)則動詞的過去式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則相同。
(1)一般動詞,在詞尾直接加“-ed ”。
wrk---wrked,visit---visited
(2)以不發(fā)音的“e”結(jié)尾的動詞,只在詞尾加“-d ”。
live---lived
(3)以“輔音字母+ y ”結(jié)尾的動詞,將"y"變?yōu)?i",再加“-ed”。
study—studied,cry—cried,try—tried
(4)“重讀閉音節(jié)”結(jié)尾,且末尾只有一個輔音字母(w、y、x除外),輔音字母前只有一個元音字母,先雙寫該輔音字母,再加“-ed”。
stp—stpped,plan—planned
特例:有兩類動詞本身應該直接加“-ed”,但由于歷史習慣,依舊要雙寫最后一個字母,再加“-ed”。以“元音字母+l”非重讀結(jié)尾的規(guī)則動詞變過去分詞也要雙寫“l(fā)",再加“-ed”。例如cancel→cancelled,dial→dialled。另外還有一些以非重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的規(guī)則動詞變過去分詞也要雙寫最后一個輔音字母,再加“-ed”。例如:kidnap→kidnapped,wrship→wrshipped。而上述兩種情況在美國一般卻直接加“-ed”。

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